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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:392-402. [PMID: 38986386 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N = 213 SZ and healthy control subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p = 6 × 10-3; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H2S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8 % of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and healthy controls with strong performance in classifying SZ from healthy controls, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, United States of America
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of psychology and neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, United States of America
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Research Center, Institute of Living Hartford, CT 06102, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia, Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
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Mohammadi A, Sadighi G, Nazeri Astaneh A, Tajabadi‐Ebrahimi M, Dejam T. Co-administration of probiotic and vitamin D significantly improves cognitive function in schizophrenic patients: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:389-398. [PMID: 38598329 PMCID: PMC11144626 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Manipulation of the intestinal microbiome and supplying vitamin D can attenuate psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The current study tried to evaluate the effects of probiotic/vitamin D supplementation on the cognitive function and disease severity of schizophrenic patients. METHODS In the present study, 70 patients (aged 18-65) with schizophrenia were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to the placebo (n = 35) and intervention (probiotic supplements+400 IU vitamin D, n = 35) groups. Severity of disease and cognitive function (primary outcomes) were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests, respectively. Moreover, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), gastrointestinal (GI) problems, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated as secondary outcomes. RESULTS A total of 69 patients completed the study. The MoCA score was increased by 1.96 units in the probiotic-containing supplement group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004). Also, the percentage of subjects with MoCA score ≥ 26 rose significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.031). Moreover, TC (p = 0.011), FBS (p = 0.009), and CRP (p < 0.001) significantly decreased in the supplement group compared to the placebo. Although the probiotic supplement reduced PANSS score by 2.82 units, the difference between the study groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.247). CONCLUSION Co-administration of probiotics and vitamin D has beneficial effects on the improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Gita Sadighi
- Psychosis Research CenterUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Nazeri Astaneh
- Psychosis Research CenterUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Tahereh Dejam
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
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Li C, Chen H, Gu Y, Chen W, Liu M, Lei Q, Li Y, Liang X, Wei B, Huang D, Liu S, Su L, Zeng X, Wang L. Causal effects of PM 2.5 exposure on neuropsychiatric disorders and the mediation via gut microbiota: A Mendelian randomization study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116257. [PMID: 38564871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has revealed the impacts of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dysbiosis of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders, but the causal inference remains controversial due to residual confounders in observational studies. METHODS This study aimed to examine the causal effects of exposure to PM2.5 on 4 major neuropsychiatric disorders (number of cases = 18,381 for autism spectrum disorder [ASD], 38,691 for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], 67,390 for schizophrenia, and 21,982 cases for Alzheimer's disease [AD]), and the mediation pathway through gut microbiota. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed, in which genetic instruments were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The included GWASs were available from (1) MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) for PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, and NOX; (2) the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for ASD, ADHD, and schizophrenia; (3) MRC-IEU for AD; and (4) MiBioGen for gut microbiota. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted to adjust for exposure to NOX, PMcoarse, and PM10. We also examined the mediation effects of gut microbiota in the associations between PM2.5 exposure levels and neuropsychiatric disorders, using two-step MR analyses. RESULTS Each 1 standard deviation (1.06 ug/m3) increment in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with elevated risk of ASD (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.02), ADHD (1.51, 1.15-1.98), schizophrenia (1.47, 1.15-1.87), and AD (1.57, 1.16-2.12). For all the 4 neurodevelopmental disorders, the results were robust under various sensitivity analyses, while the MR-Egger method yielded non-significant outcomes. The associations remained significant for all the 4 neuropsychiatric disorders after adjusting for PMcoarse, while non-significant after adjusting for NOX and PM10. The effects of PM2.5 exposure on ADHD and schizophrenia were partially mediated by Lachnospiraceae and Barnesiella, with the proportions ranging from 8.31% to 15.77%. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that exposure to PM2.5 would increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, partially by influencing the profile of gut microbiota. Comprehensive regulations on air pollutants are needed to help prevent neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhua Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ye Gu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Meiliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinggui Lei
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Binyuan Wei
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Wei N, Ju M, Su X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Rao X, Cui L, Lin Z, Dong Y. Transplantation of gut microbiota derived from patients with schizophrenia induces schizophrenia-like behaviors and dysregulated brain transcript response in mice. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:44. [PMID: 38589422 PMCID: PMC11001608 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), as a neurodevelopmental disorder and devastating disease, affects approximately 1% of the world population. Although numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the causes of SCZ occurrence, it is not clearly understood. Recently, the emerging roles of the gut microbiota in a range of brain disorders, including SCZ, have attracted much attention. While the molecular mechanism of gut microbiota in regulating the pathogenesis of SCZ is still lacking. Here, we first confirmed the difference of gut microbiome between SCZ patients and healthy controls, and then, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to clarify the roles of SCZ patients-derived microbiota in a specific pathogen free (SPF) mice model. 16 S rDNA sequencing confirmed that a significant difference of gut microbiome was present between two groups of FMT mice, which has a similar trend with the above human gut microbiome. Furthermore, we found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from SCZ patients into SPF mice was sufficient to induce schizophrenia-like (SCZ-like) symptoms, such as deficits in sociability and hyperactivity. Furthermore, the brains of mice colonized with SCZ microbiota displayed dysregulated transcript response and alternative splicing of SCZ-relevant genes. Moreover, 10 key genes were identified to be correlated with SCZ by an integrative transcriptome data analysis. Finally, 4 key genes were identified to be correlated with the 12 differential genera between two groups of FMT mice. Our results thus demonstrated that the gut microbiome might modify the transcriptomic profile in the brain, thereby modulating social behavior, and our present study can help better understand the link between gut microbiota and SCZ pathogenesis through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wei
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhibing Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zeng Q, Zhang M, Wang R. Causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomization study. Psychiatr Genet 2024; 34:43-53. [PMID: 38441075 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some observational studies have shown that gut microbiome is significantly changed in patients with schizophrenia. We aim to identify the genetic causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to evaluate the causal link between gut microbiome and schizophrenia with 28 gut microbiome-associated genetic instrumental variants chosen from recent MR reports and the largest schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (8-Apr-22 release). RESULTS Inverse variance weighted method showed that genetically increased Bacteroidales_S24-7 (per SD) resulted in increased risk of schizophrenia (OR = 1.110, 95% CI: [1.012-1.217], P = 0.027). Similarly, genetically increased Prevotellaceae promoted schizophrenia risk (OR = 1.124, 95% CI: [1.030-1.228], P = 0.009). However, genetically increased Lachnospiraceae reduced schizophrenia risk (OR = 0.878, 95% CI: [0.785-0.983], P = 0.023). In addition, schizophrenia risk was also suppressed by genetically increased Lactobacillaceae (OR = 0.878, 95% CI: [0.776-0.994], P = 0.040) and Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR = 0.860, 95% CI: [0.749-0.987], P = 0.032). Finally, we did not find any significant results in the causal association of other 23 gut microbiome with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that genetically increased Bacteroidales_S24-7 and Prevotellaceae promotes schizophrenia risk, whereas genetically increased Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae reduces schizophrenia risk. Thus, regulation of the disturbed intestinal microbiota may represent a new therapeutic strategy for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Lin D, Fu Z, Liu J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Hutchison KE, Bustillo J, Du Y, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Association between the oral microbiome and brain resting state connectivity in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573165. [PMID: 38234846 PMCID: PMC10793457 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent microbiome-brain axis findings have shown evidence of the modulation of microbiome community as an environmental mediator in brain function and psychiatric illness. This work is focused on the role of the microbiome in understanding a rarely investigated environmental involvement in schizophrenia (SZ), especially in relation to brain circuit dysfunction. We leveraged high throughput microbial 16s rRNA sequencing and functional neuroimaging techniques to enable the delineation of microbiome-brain network links in SZ. N=213 SZ and healthy control (HC) subjects were assessed for the oral microbiome. Among them, 139 subjects were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to derive brain functional connectivity. We found a significant microbiome compositional shift in SZ beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distance, p= 6×10 -3 ; Bray-Curtis distance p = 0.021). Fourteen microbial species involving pro-inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling and H 2 S production, showed significant abundance alterations in SZ. Multivariate analysis revealed one pair of microbial and functional connectivity components showing a significant correlation of 0.46. Thirty five percent of microbial species and 87.8% of brain functional network connectivity from each component also showed significant differences between SZ and HC with strong performance in classifying SZ from HC, with an area under curve (AUC) = 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The results suggest a potential link between oral microbiome dysbiosis and brain functional connectivity alteration in relation to SZ, possibly through immunological and neurotransmitter signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting for future work in characterizing the role of oral microbiome in mediating effects on SZ brain functional activity.
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7
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Kowalski K, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Karpiński P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Chęć M, Piotrowski P, Misiak B. Profiling gut microbiota signatures associated with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia: Findings from a case-control study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110834. [PMID: 37473955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a variety of gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia. However, none of these studies has investigated gut microbiota in patients with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (D-SCZ) that can be characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. Therefore, in this study we aimed to profile gut microbiota of individuals with D-SCZ, compared to those with non-deficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 115 outpatients (44 individuals with D-SCZ and 71 individuals with ND-SCZ) during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms as well as 120 HCs were enrolled. Gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16 rRNA amplicon sequencing. Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipid metabolism markers were determined in the peripheral blood samples. RESULTS Altogether 14 genera showed differential abundance in patients with D-SCZ compared to ND-SCZ and HCs, including Candidatus Soleaferrea, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Libanicoccus, Limosilactobacillus, Mogibacterium, Peptococcus, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Slackia after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Observed alterations were significantly associated with cognitive performance in both groups of patients. Moreover, several significant correlations of differentially abundant genera with the levels of CRP, lipid profile parameters, glucose and insulin were found across all subgroups of participants. CONCLUSION Findings from the present study indicate that individuals with D-SCZ show a distinct profile of gut microbiota alterations that is associated with cognitive performance, metabolic parameters and subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Villavicencio-Tejo F, Olesen MA, Navarro L, Calisto N, Iribarren C, García K, Corsini G, Quintanilla RA. Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2023; 42:4. [PMID: 38103074 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that adverse changes in the microbiota can be considered a susceptibility factor for neurological disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss evidence describing the role of gut microbes in health and disease as a relevant risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villavicencio-Tejo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Navarro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Calisto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Corsini
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Li R, Fu R, Cui ZQ, Guo L, Chen YH, Bai J, Yang JB, Tan QR, Peng ZW. Effects of low-frequency rTMS combined with risperidone on the gut microbiome in hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148539. [PMID: 37598899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in treating schizophrenia (SCH). However, the effects of the low frequency of rTMS combined with antipsychotics on the gut microbiome in chronic SCH have been poorly investigated. In the present study, psychiatric symptoms were assessed and the stool samples obtained from 33 adult patients with chronic SCH (at baselinephase), 27 after 2 weeks of treatment (rTMS combined with risperidone, SCH-2W), and 37 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the reduction of phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae and genera Escherichia-Shigella as well as the increase of genera norank_f_Lachnospiraceae might be related to the antipsychotic effect of rTMS combined with risperidone. These findings indicate that the brain-gut-microbiota axis might be involved in the therapeutic effect of rTMS combined with antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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10
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Açıkel SB, Kara A, Bağcı Z, Can Ü. Serum trimethylamine N-oxide and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:571-577. [PMID: 37525434 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the literature, there have been several studies available investigating the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and intestinal permeability. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a parameter associated with intestinal permeability, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), which is a marker associated with bacterial translocation from the intestine, in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy controls. Fifty-three children with ASD as the patient group and 30 healthy children as the control group have been included in the study. The diagnostic evaluation has been made according to DSM-5 criteria. According to the obtained results, there has been no significant difference between groups in terms of serum TMAO and LBP levels. Considering the existence of various studies that found different results on ASD and intestinal permeability, it is thought that the studies conducted in this field that did not find statistically different results will also make a contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Burak Açıkel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aziz Kara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Afyon University of Health Sciences, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Zafer Bağcı
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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11
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan AS, O’Connor K. Compositional and Functional Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Psychosis or Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1239-1255. [PMID: 37210594 PMCID: PMC10483467 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia compared with controls. It is not clear how these alterations functionally impact people with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to combine and evaluate data on compositional and functional alterations in microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Original studies involving humans and animals were included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane were systematically searched and quantitative analysis performed. STUDY RESULTS Sixteen original studies met inclusion criteria (1376 participants: 748 cases and 628 controls). Ten were included in the meta-analysis. Although observed species and Chao 1 show a decrease in diversity in people with schizophrenia compared with controls (SMD = -0.14 and -0.66 respectively), that did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence for variations in richness or evenness of microbiota between patients and controls overall. Differences in beta diversity and consistent patterns in microbial taxa were noted across studies. We found increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera in schizophrenia groups. Variations in brain structure, metabolic pathways, and symptom severity may be associated with compositional alterations in the microbiome. The heterogeneous design of studies complicates a similar evaluation of functional readouts. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome may play a role in the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Understanding how the implications of alterations in microbial genes for symptomatic expression and clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Yang JC, Troutman R, Buri H, Gutta A, Situ J, Aja E, Jacobs JP. Ileal Dysbiosis Is Associated with Increased Acoustic Startle in the 22q11.2 Microdeletion Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3631. [PMID: 37630824 PMCID: PMC10458577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies involving transplantation of feces from schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their healthy controls into germ-free mice have demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating SCZ-linked physiology and behavior. To date, only one animal model (a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 knockout) of SCZ has been reported to recapitulate SCZ-linked gut dysbiosis. Since human 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is associated with increased risk of SCZ, we investigated whether the 22q11.2 microdeletion ("Q22") mouse model of SCZ exhibits both SCZ-linked behaviors and intestinal dysbiosis. We demonstrated that Q22 mice display increased acoustic startle response and ileal (but not colonic) dysbiosis, which may be due to the role of the ileum as an intestinal region with high immune and neuroimmune activity. We additionally identified a negative correlation between the abundance of a Streptococcus species in the ilea of Q22 mice and their acoustic startle response, providing early evidence of a gut-brain relationship in these mice. Given the translational relevance of this mouse model, our work suggests that Q22 mice could have considerable utility in preclinical research probing the relationship between gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Ching Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ryan Troutman
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Heidi Buri
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Arjun Gutta
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Jamilla Situ
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ezinne Aja
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Patrick Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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13
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Epigenetic Aberrations in Major Psychiatric Diseases Related to Diet and Gut Microbiome Alterations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1506. [PMID: 37510410 PMCID: PMC10379841 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and metabolism modify epigenetic signatures like histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Histone acetylation and DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) can be altered by bioactive nutrients and gut microbiome via the gut-brain axis, which in turn modulate neuronal activity and behavior. Notably, the gut microbiome, with more than 1000 bacterial species, collectively contains almost three million functional genes whose products interact with millions of human epigenetic marks and 30,000 genes in a dynamic manner. However, genetic makeup shapes gut microbiome composition, food/nutrient metabolism, and epigenetic landscape, as well. Here, we first discuss the effect of changes in the microbial structure and composition in shaping specific epigenetic alterations in the brain and their role in the onset and progression of major mental disorders. Afterward, potential interactions among maternal diet/environmental factors, nutrition, and gastrointestinal microbiome, and their roles in accelerating or delaying the onset of severe mental illnesses via epigenetic changes will be discussed. We also provide an overview of the association between the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we present some underlying mechanisms involved in mediating the influence of the gut microbiome and probiotics on mental health via epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (S.N.); (S.T.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA
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14
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Xiong RG, Li J, Cheng J, Zhou DD, Wu SX, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Yang ZJ, Gan RY, Li HB. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37513676 PMCID: PMC10384867 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
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15
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Jeste DV, Malaspina D, Bagot K, Barch DM, Cole S, Dickerson F, Dilmore A, Ford CL, Karcher NR, Luby J, Rajji T, Pinto-Tomas AA, Young LJ. Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:867-880. [PMID: 37023360 PMCID: PMC10318888 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD). STUDY DESIGN We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD. STUDY RESULTS This review of the biology of SDoHs focuses on early-life adversities, poverty, social disconnection, discrimination including racism, migration, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and food insecurity. These factors interact with psychological and biological factors to increase the risk and worsen the course and prognosis of schizophrenia. Published studies on the topic are limited by cross-sectional design, variable clinical and biomarker assessments, heterogeneous methods, and a lack of control for confounding variables. Drawing on preclinical and clinical studies, we propose a biological framework to consider the likely pathogenesis. Putative systemic pathophysiological processes include epigenetics, allostatic load, accelerated aging with inflammation (inflammaging), and the microbiome. These processes affect neural structures, brain function, neurochemistry, and neuroplasticity, impacting the development of psychosis, quality of life, cognitive impairment, physical comorbidities, and premature mortality. Our model provides a framework for research that could lead to developing specific strategies for prevention and treatment of the risk factors and biological processes, thereby improving the quality of life and increasing the longevity of people with SSPD. CONCLUSIONS Biology of SDoHs in SSPD is an exciting area of research that points to innovative multidisciplinary team science for improving the course and prognosis of these serious psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Retired), CA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Department of Psychology, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Dilmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Ford
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry (Child), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrián A Pinto-Tomas
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Wei S, Mai Y, Hu L, Zheng R, Zheng D, Chen W, Cai Y, Wang J. Altered gut microbiota in temporal lobe epilepsy with anxiety disorders. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165787. [PMID: 37283931 PMCID: PMC10239838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with epilepsy are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of anxiety disorders. In particular, temporal lobe epilepsy with anxiety disorders (TLEA) has attracted more attention in epilepsy research. The link between intestinal dysbiosis and TLEA has not been established yet. To gain deeper insight into the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and factors affecting TLEA, the composition of the gut microbiome, including bacteria and fungi, has been examined. Methods The gut microbiota from 51 temporal lobe epilepsy patients has been subjected to sequencing targeting 16S rDNA (Illumina MiSeq) and from 45 temporal lobe epilepsy patients targeting the ITS-1 region (through pyrosequencing). A differential analysis has been conducted on the gut microbiota from the phylum to the genus level. Results TLEA patients' gut bacteria and fungal microbiota exhibited distinct characteristics and diversity as evidenced by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). TLEA patients showed higher abundances of Escherichia-Shigella (genus), Enterobacterales (order), Enterobacteriaceae (family), Proteobacteria (phylum), Gammaproteobacteria (class), and lower abundances of Clostridia (class), Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae (family), Lachnospirales (order), and Ruminococcus (genus). Among fungi, Saccharomycetales fam. incertae sedis (family), Saccharomycetales (order), Saccharomycetes (class), and Ascomycota (phylum) were significantly more abundant in TLEA patients than in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but without anxiety. Adoption and perception of seizure control significantly affected TLEA bacterial community structure, while yearly hospitalization frequency affected fungal community structures in TLEA patients. Conclusion Here, our study validated the gut microbiota dysbiosis of TLEA. Moreover, the pioneering study of bacterial and fungal microbiota profiles will help in understanding the course of TLEA and drive us toward preventing TLEA gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yingren Mai
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruxing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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18
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Amdanee N, Shao M, Hu X, Fang X, Zhou C, Chen J, Ridwan Chattun M, Wen L, Pan X, Zhang X, Xu Y. Serum Metabolic Profile in Schizophrenia Patients With Antipsychotic-Induced Constipation and Its relationship With Gut Microbiome. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:646-658. [PMID: 36723169 PMCID: PMC10154739 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Antipsychotics (APs), the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, confer a relatively high risk of constipation. However, the mechanisms underpinning AP-induced constipation are poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesized that (1) schizophrenia patients with AP-induced constipation have distinct metabolic patterns; (2) there is more than one mechanism at play in producing this adverse drug effect; and (3) AP-associated changes in the gut microbiome are related to the altered metabolic profiles. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-eight schizophrenia patients, including 44 with constipation (C) and 44 matched patients without constipation (NC), were enrolled in this study. Constipation was diagnosed by Rome IV criteria for constipation and colonic transit time using radiopaque markers (ROMs) while severity was evaluated with the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSS) and Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Fasting blood samples were drawn from all participants and were subjected to non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis. STUDY RESULTS Eleven metabolites were significantly altered in AP-induced constipation which primarily disturbed sphingolipid metabolism, choline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway (P value < .05, FDR < 0.05). In the C group, changes in the gut bacteria showed a certain degree of correlation with 2 of the significantly altered serum metabolites and were associated with alterations in choline metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that there were disturbances in distinct metabolic pathways that were associated with AP-induced constipation. In addition, this study presents evidence of a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and host metabolism which provides additional mechanistic insights on AP-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousayhah Amdanee
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinming Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li Z, Qing Y, Cui G, Li M, Liu T, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Hu X, Jiang J, Wang D, Gao Y, Zhang J, Cai C, Wang T, Wan C. Shotgun metagenomics reveals abnormal short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and glucose and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiota in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:59-66. [PMID: 36965360 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but temporal changes in the gut microbiota of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) during treatment remain unclear. Here, to evaluate temporal changes in the gut microbiota in schizophrenia, we performed whole-genome shotgun metagenomics on fecal samples from 36 healthy controls (HCs) and 19 baseline-period patients, and followed up with patients upon treatment. Compared to that in HCs, beta diversity in SZ was significantly distinct. The genera Bacteroides, Prevotella and Clostridium were the top 3 altered genera between SZ and HCs, and the Bacteroides-Prevotella ratio was significantly increased in SZ. Thirty-three percent of differentially abundant species were short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Functional analysis showed that glucose and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiota was decreased in SZ compared with those in HCs. The abundances of two rate-limiting enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were significantly decreased in SZ, and differentially abundant metabolism-related enzymes were significantly associated with SCFA-producing bacteria. Next, we found that the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria also changed after treatment and that Clostridium was significantly negatively correlated with the total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score in patients. Functional analysis showed that glycoside hydrolase family 30 incrementally increased in abundance during treatment and were significantly associated with SCFA-producing bacteria. Our findings help to provide evidence for the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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The Association of the Oral Microbiota with the Effects of Acid Stress Induced by an Increase of Brain Lactate in Schizophrenia Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020240. [PMID: 36830777 PMCID: PMC9953675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered cerebral energy metabolism central to schizophrenia can be linked to lactate accumulation. Lactic acid is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria, among others, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to the brain acidity. This study aimed to examine the association of the oral microbiota with the effects of acid stress induced by an increase of brain lactate in schizophrenia patients. The study included patients with a diagnosis of acute polyphasic psychotic disorder meeting criteria for schizophrenia at 3-month follow-up. Results: Individuals with a significantly higher total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale had statistically significantly lower lactate concentrations compared to those with a lower total score and higher brain lactate. We observed a positive correlation between Actinomyces and lactate levels in the anterior cingulate cap and a negative correlation between bacteria associated with lactate metabolism and some clinical assessment scales. Conclusions: Shifts in the oral microbiota in favour of lactate-utilising bacterial genera may represent a compensatory mechanism in response to increased lactate production in the brain. Assessment of neuronal function mediated by ALA-LAC-dependent NMDA regulatory mechanisms may, thus, support new therapies for schizophrenia, for which acidosis has become a differentiating feature of individuals with schizophrenia endophenotypes.
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21
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Dickerson F, Dilmore AH, Godoy-Vitorino F, Nguyen TT, Paulus M, Pinto-Tomas AA, Moya-Roman C, Zuniga-Chaves I, Severance EG, Jeste DV. The Microbiome and Mental Health Across the Lifespan. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 61:119-140. [PMID: 35947353 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The combined genetic material of the microorganisms in the human body, known as the microbiome, is being increasingly recognized as a major determinant of human health and disease. Although located predominantly on mucosal surfaces, these microorganisms have profound effects on brain functioning through the gut-brain axis. METHOD The content of the chapter is based on a study group session at the annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP). The objective was to discuss the emerging relationship between the human microbiome and mental health as relevant to ACNP's interests in developing and evaluating novel neuropsychiatric treatment strategies. The focus is on specific brain disorders, such as schizophrenia, substance use, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as on broader clinical issues such as suicidality, loneliness and wisdom in old age, and longevity. RESULTS Studies of schizophrenia indicate that the microbiome of individuals with this disorder differs from that of non-psychiatric comparison groups in terms of diversity and composition. Differences are also found in microbial metabolic pathways. An early study in substance use disorders found that individuals with this disorder have lower levels of beta diversity in their oral microbiome than a comparison group. This measure, along with others, was used to distinguish individuals with substance use disorders from controls. In terms of suicidality, there is preliminary evidence that persons who have made a suicide attempt differ from psychiatric and non-psychiatric comparison groups in measures of beta diversity. Exploratory studies in Alzheimer's disease indicate that gut microbes may contribute to disease pathogenesis by regulating innate immunity and neuroinflammation and thus influencing brain function. In another study looking at the microbiome in older adults, positive associations were found between wisdom and alpha diversity and negative associations with subjective loneliness. In other studies of older adults, here with a focus on longevity, individuals with healthy aging and unusually long lives had an abundance of specific microorganisms which distinguished them from other individuals. DISCUSSION Future studies would benefit from standardizing methods of sample collection, processing, and analysis. There is also a need for the standardized collection of relevant demographic and clinical data, including diet, medications, cigarette smoking, and other potentially confounding factors. While still in its infancy, research to date indicates a role for the microbiome in mental health disorders and conditions. Interventions are available which can modulate the microbiome and lead to clinical improvements. These include microbiome-altering medications as well as probiotic microorganisms capable of modulating the inflammation in the brain through the gut-brain axis. This research holds great promise in terms of developing new methods for the prevention and treatment of a range of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amanda Hazel Dilmore
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Tanya T Nguyen
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Zuniga-Chaves
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily G Severance
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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22
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Wang D, Russel WA, Sun Y, Belanger KD, Ay A. Machine learning and network analysis of the gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subject controls reveal behavioral risk factors and bacterial interactions. Schizophr Res 2023; 251:49-58. [PMID: 36577234 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have supported an association between deviations in gut microbiome composition and schizophrenia. However, the extent to which the gut microbiota contributes to schizophrenia remains unclear. Moreover, studies have yet to explore variations in ecological associations among bacterial types in subjects with schizophrenia, which can reveal differences in community interactions and gut stability. We examined the dataset collected by Nguyen et al. (2021) to investigate the similarities and differences in gut microbial constituents between 48 subjects with schizophrenia and 48 matched non-psychiatric comparison cases. We re-analyzed alpha- and beta-diversity differences and completed modified differential abundance analyses and confirmed the findings of Nguyen et al. (2021) that there was little variation in alpha-diversity but significant differences in beta-diversity between individuals with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subjects. We also conducted mediation analysis, developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict schizophrenia, and completed network analysis to examine community-level interactions among bacterial taxa. Our study offers new insights, suggesting that the gut microbiome mediates the effects between schizophrenia and smoking status, BMI, anxiety score, and depression score. Our differential abundance and network analysis findings suggest that the differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae taxa fosters a decrease in stabilizing competitive interactions in the gut microbiome of subjects with schizophrenia. Loss of this competition may promote ecological instability and dysbiosis, altering gut-brain axis interactions in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - William A Russel
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Yuntong Sun
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | | | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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23
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Misera A, Łoniewski I, Palma J, Kulaszyńska M, Czarnecka W, Kaczmarczyk M, Liśkiewicz P, Samochowiec J, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Clinical significance of microbiota changes under the influence of psychotropic drugs. An updated narrative review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125022. [PMID: 36937257 PMCID: PMC10014913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationship between drugs and microbiota is bilateral. Proper composition thus function of microbiota is a key to some medications used in modern medicine. However, there is also the other side of the coin. Pharmacotherapeutic agents can modify the microbiota significantly, which consequently affects its function. A recently published study showed that nearly 25% of drugs administered to humans have antimicrobial effects. Multiple antidepressants are antimicrobials,. and antibiotics with proven antidepressant effects do exist. On the other hand, antibiotics (e.g., isoniaside, minocycline) confer mental phenotype changes, and adverse effects caused by some antibiotics include neurological and psychological symptoms which further supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota may affect the function of the central nervous system. Here we gathered comprehensively data on drugs used in psychiatry regarding their antimicrobial properties. We believe our data has strong implications for the treatment of psychiatric entities. Nevertheless the study of ours highlights the need for more well-designed trials aimed at analysis of gut microbiota function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Misera
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp.k., Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Liśkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka,
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24
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Chen Y, Zhou C, Yu H, Wu W, Wang Y, Liu L, Hu G, Li B, Peng Z, Wang H. Gut microbial signatures and differences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia of emerging adulthood. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/cns.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Cui‐hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wen‐jun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ying‐wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ling Liu
- Institution of Neuroscience Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Guang‐tao Hu
- Department of Psychiatry Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Bao‐juan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zheng‐wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Hua‐ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
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25
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Mudimela S, Vishwanath NK, Pillai A, Morales R, Marrelli SP, Barichello T, Giridharan VV. Clinical significance and potential role of trimethylamine N-oxide in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103334. [PMID: 35998800 PMCID: PMC10392962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, research on the gut microbiome and its metabolites, such as trimethylamines (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, has attracted the attention of many scientists and industrialists. Among these metabolites, TMAO is produced from dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine,andbetaine. TMAO and other gut metabolites, such as TMA and SCFAs, reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in brain development, neurogenesis, and behavior. Gut-microbiota composition is influenced by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and age. Several studies have confirmed that altered TMAO levels contribute to metabolic, vascular, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on how altered TMAO levels impact oxidative stress, microglial activation, and the apoptosis of neurons, and may lead to neuroinflammation, which can subsequently result in the development of psychiatric, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowjanya Mudimela
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, HN-Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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26
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Zeng W, Yang F, Shen WL, Zhan C, Zheng P, Hu J. Interactions between central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1929-1958. [PMID: 35771484 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of "substance", and they cannot have causal interactions. However, in neuroscience, the two-way interaction between the brain and peripheral organs is an emerging field of research. Several lines of evidence highlight the importance of such interactions. For example, the peripheral metabolic systems are overwhelmingly regulated by the mind (brain), and anxiety and depression greatly affect the functioning of these systems. Also, psychological stress can cause a variety of physical symptoms, such as bone loss. Moreover, the gut microbiota appears to play a key role in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanistically, as the command center of the body, the brain can regulate our internal organs and glands through the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system, although it is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control. The autonomic nervous system itself can be further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic division functions a bit like the accelerator pedal on a car, and the parasympathetic division functions as the brake. The high center of the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is the hypothalamus, which contains several subnuclei that control several basic physiological functions, such as the digestion of food and regulation of body temperature. Also, numerous peripheral signals contribute to the regulation of brain functions. Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones, insulin, and leptin are transported into the brain, where they regulate innate behaviors such as feeding, and they are also involved in emotional and cognitive functions. The brain can recognize peripheral inflammatory cytokines and induce a transient syndrome called sick behavior (SB), characterized by fatigue, reduced physical and social activity, and cognitive impairment. In summary, knowledge of the biological basis of the interactions between the central nervous system and peripheral organs will promote the full understanding of how our body works and the rational treatment of disorders. Thus, we summarize current development in our understanding of five types of central-peripheral interactions, including neural control of adipose tissues, energy expenditure, bone metabolism, feeding involving the brain-gut axis and gut microbiota. These interactions are essential for maintaining vital bodily functions, which result in homeostasis, i.e., a natural balance in the body's systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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27
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Rantala MJ, Luoto S, Borráz-León JI, Krams I. Schizophrenia: the new etiological synthesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104894. [PMID: 36181926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been an evolutionary paradox: it has high heritability, but it is associated with decreased reproductive success. The causal genetic variants underlying schizophrenia are thought to be under weak negative selection. To unravel this paradox, many evolutionary explanations have been suggested for schizophrenia. We critically discuss the constellation of evolutionary hypotheses for schizophrenia, highlighting the lack of empirical support for most existing evolutionary hypotheses-with the exception of the relatively well supported evolutionary mismatch hypothesis. It posits that evolutionarily novel features of contemporary environments, such as chronic stress, low-grade systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis, increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. Environmental factors such as microbial infections (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii) can better predict the onset of schizophrenia than polygenic risk scores. However, researchers have not been able to explain why only a small minority of infected people develop schizophrenia. The new etiological synthesis of schizophrenia indicates that an interaction between host genotype, microbe infection, and chronic stress causes schizophrenia, with neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis mediating this etiological pathway. Instead of just alleviating symptoms with drugs, the parasite x genotype x stress model emphasizes that schizophrenia treatment should focus on detecting and treating possible underlying microbial infection(s), neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis, and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Severi Luoto
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Indrikis Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1004, Rīga, Latvia
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28
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Xiang M, Zheng L, Pu D, Lin F, Ma X, Ye H, Pu D, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang X, Zou K, Chen L, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Zhang T, Wu G. Intestinal Microbes in Patients With Schizophrenia Undergoing Short-Term Treatment: Core Species Identification Based on Co-Occurrence Networks and Regression Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909729. [PMID: 35783418 PMCID: PMC9247572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a common mental disorder, has a tremendous impact on the health and economy of people worldwide. Evidence suggests that the microbial-gut-brain axis is an important pathway for the interaction between the gut microbiome and the development of schizophrenia. What is not clear is how changes in the gut microbiota composition and structure during antipsychotic treatment improve the symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, 25 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Their fecal samples were collected before and after hospital treatment for 14–19 days. The composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and the results showed significant differences in fecal microbiota before and after treatment. Firmicutes (relative abundances of 82.60 and 86.64%) and Gemminger (relative abundances of 14.17 and 13.57%) were the first dominant species at the phylum and genus levels, respectively. The random forest algorithm and co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that intestinal flora (especially the core species ASV57) could be used as biomarkers to distinguish different clinical states and match treatment regimens accordingly. In addition, after fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic-treated recipient mice showed multiple behavioral improvements. These included decreased psychomotor hyperactivity, increased social interaction, and memory. In conclusion, this study suggests that differences in the composition and structure of gut microbiota after treatment are associated with the development and severity of schizophrenia. Results may provide a potential target for the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoshen Pu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Huiqian Ye
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Daoqiong Pu
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Psychiatry Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Internal Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Kaiqing Zou
- The Outpatient Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanjiang Sun
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tao Zhang
| | - Guolin Wu
- Medical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guolin Wu
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29
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Ling Z, Jin G, Yan X, Cheng Y, Shao L, Song Q, Liu X, Zhao L. Fecal Dysbiosis and Immune Dysfunction in Chinese Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia: An Observational Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886872. [PMID: 35719348 PMCID: PMC9198589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is a vital player in SZ. However, the gut microbiota characteristics and its host response in elderly SZ patients are still not well understood. A total of 161 samples was collected, including 90 samples from elderly SZ patients and 71 samples from healthy controls. We explored the gut microbiota profiles targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, and to analyze their associations with host immune response. Our data found that bacterial β-diversity analyses could divide the SZ patients and healthy controls into two different clusters. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified the compositional changes in SZ-associated bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Actinomyces, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella and so on. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β were greatly increased in SZ patients while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ were markedly decreased. Correlation analysis suggested that these bacteria contributed to immune disturbances in the host that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the SZ patients from healthy controls. Moreover, several predicted functional modules, including increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, and decreased bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis in SZ-associated microbiota, could be utilized by the bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. This study, for the first time, demonstrated the structural and functional dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota in Chinese elderly SZ patients, suggesting the potential for using gut key functional bacteria for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of SZ, personalized treatment, and the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for Chinese elderly SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
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30
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Severance EG. Fungal Forces in Mental Health: Microbial Meddlers or Function Fixers? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:163-179. [PMID: 35543867 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the mental health field, the gut-brain axis and associated pathways represent putative mechanisms by which gastrointestinal (GI) microbes and their gene products and metabolites can access and influence the central nervous system (CNS). These GI-centered investigations focus on bacteria, with significant information gaps existing for other microbial community members, such as fungi. Fungi are part of a complex and functionally diverse taxonomic kingdom whose interactions with hosts can be conversely deadly and beneficial. As serious sources of morbidity and mortality, fungal pathogens can quickly turn healthy microbiomes into toxic cycles of inflammation, gut permeability, and dysbiosis. Fungal commensals are also important human symbionts that provide a rich source of physiological functions to the host, such as protection against intestinal injuries, maintenance of epithelial structural integrities, and immune system development and regulation. Promising treatment compounds derived from fungi include antibiotics, probiotics, and antidepressants. Here I aim to illuminate the many attributes of fungi as they are applicable to overall improving our understanding of the mechanisms at work in psychiatric disorders. Healing the gut and its complex ecosystem is currently achievable through diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and other strategies, yet it is critical to recognize that the success of these interventions relies on a more precisely defined role of the fungal and other non-bacterial components of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Shoubridge AP, Choo JM, Martin AM, Keating DJ, Wong ML, Licinio J, Rogers GB. The gut microbiome and mental health: advances in research and emerging priorities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1908-1919. [PMID: 35236957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts a considerable influence on human neurophysiology and mental health. Interactions between intestinal microbiology and host regulatory systems have now been implicated both in the development of psychiatric conditions and in the efficacy of many common therapies. With the growing acceptance of the role played by the gut microbiome in mental health outcomes, the focus of research is now beginning to shift from identifying relationships between intestinal microbiology and pathophysiology, and towards using this newfound insight to improve clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of gut microbiome-brain interactions, the mechanistic underpinnings of these relationships, and the ongoing challenge of distinguishing association and causation. We set out an overarching model of the evolution of microbiome-CNS interaction and examine how a growing knowledge of these complex systems can be used to determine disease susceptibility and reduce risk in a targeted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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32
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Lin P, Sun J, Lou X, Li D, Shi Y, Li Z, Ma P, Li P, Chen S, Jin W, Liu S, Chen Q, Gao Q, Zhu L, Xu J, Zhu M, Wang M, Liang K, Zhao L, Xu H, Dong K, Li Q, Cheng X, Chen J, Guo X. Consensus on potential biomarkers developed for use in clinical tests for schizophrenia. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100685. [PMID: 35309241 PMCID: PMC8867318 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness. If left undiagnosed and untreated, schizophrenia results in impaired social function, repeated hospital admissions, reduced quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Clinical diagnosis largely relies on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences, and reported behavioural abnormalities followed by psychiatric evaluation. In addition, psychoses may occur along with other conditions, and the symptoms are often episodic and transient, posing a significant challenge to the precision of diagnosis. Therefore, objective, specific tests using biomarkers are urgently needed for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice.AimsWe aimed to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations, with a summary of laboratory measurements that could potentially be used as biomarkers for schizophrenia, and to discuss directions for future research.MethodsWe searched publications within the last 10 years with the following keywords: ‘schizophrenia’, ‘gene’, ‘inflammation’, ‘neurotransmitter’, ‘protein marker’, ‘gut microbiota’, ‘pharmacogenomics’ and ‘biomarker’. A draft of the consensus was discussed and agreed on by all authors at a round table session.ResultsWe summarised the characteristics of candidate diagnostic markers for schizophrenia, including genetic, inflammatory, neurotransmitter, peripheral protein, pharmacogenomic and gut microbiota markers. We also proposed a novel laboratory process for diagnosing schizophrenia in clinical practice based on the evidence summarised in this paper.ConclusionsFurther efforts are needed to identify schizophrenia-specific genetic and epigenetic markers for precise diagnosis, differential diagnosis and ethnicity-specific markers for the Chinese population. The development of novel laboratory techniques is making it possible to use these biomarkers clinically to diagnose disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Sun
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu’an, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Dong
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Editorial Office of General Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Singh R, Stogios N, Smith E, Lee J, Maksyutynsk K, Au E, Wright DC, De Palma G, Graff-Guerrero A, Gerretsen P, Müller DJ, Remington G, Hahn M, Agarwal SM. Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2022; 12:20451253221096525. [PMID: 35600753 PMCID: PMC9118432 DOI: 10.1177/20451253221096525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with high morbidity and lifetime disability rates. Patients with SCZ have a higher risk of developing metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, leading to increased mortality. Antipsychotics (APs), which are the mainstay in the treatment of SCZ, increase the risk of these metabolic perturbations. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying SCZ pathophysiology and associated metabolic comorbidities remains unclear. In recent years, gut microbiota (GMB) has been regarded as a 'chamber of secrets', particularly in the context of severe mental illnesses such as SCZ, depression, and bipolar disorder. In this scoping review, we aimed to investigate the underlying role of GMB in the pathophysiology of SCZ and metabolic alterations associated with APs. Furthermore, we also explored the therapeutic benefits of prebiotic and probiotic formulations in managing SCZ and AP-induced metabolic alterations. A systematic literature search yielded 46 studies from both preclinical and clinical settings that met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Preliminary evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that GMB composition changes are associated with SCZ pathogenesis and AP-induced metabolic perturbations. Fecal microbiota transplantation from SCZ patients to mice has been shown to induce SCZ-like behavioral phenotypes, further supporting the plausible role of GMB in SCZ pathogenesis. This scoping review recapitulates the preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the role of GMB in SCZ symptomatology and metabolic adverse effects associated with APs. Moreover, this scoping review also discusses the therapeutic potentials of prebiotic/probiotic formulations in improving SCZ symptoms and attenuating metabolic alterations related to APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Singh
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolette Stogios
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Smith
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kateryna Maksyutynsk
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Au
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Staff Psychiatrist and Clinician-Scientist, Medical Head, Clinical Research, Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 1051 Queen Street W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
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34
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McGuinness AJ, Davis JA, Dawson SL, Loughman A, Collier F, O’Hely M, Simpson CA, Green J, Marx W, Hair C, Guest G, Mohebbi M, Berk M, Stupart D, Watters D, Jacka FN. A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1920-1935. [PMID: 35194166 PMCID: PMC9126816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as 'metabolic machinery' influencing many aspects of physiology has gained substantial attention in the field of psychiatry. This is largely due to the many overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both the potential functionality of the gut microbiota and the biological mechanisms thought to be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to 'healthy' controls. We also explored gut microbiota composition across disorders in an attempt to elucidate potential commonalities in the microbial signatures associated with these mental disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through to December 2021. We identified 44 studies (including a total of 2510 psychiatric cases and 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, of which 24 investigated gut microbiota composition in MDD, seven investigated gut microbiota composition in BD, and 15 investigated gut microbiota composition in SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for a difference in the number or distribution (α-diversity) of bacteria in those with a mental disorder compared to controls. However, studies were relatively consistent in reporting differences in overall community composition (β-diversity) in people with and without mental disorders. Our syntheses also identified specific bacterial taxa commonly associated with mental disorders, including lower levels of bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria, and higher levels of bacteria associated with glutamate and GABA metabolism. We also observed substantial heterogeneity across studies with regards to methodologies and reporting. Further prospective and experimental research using new tools and robust guidelines hold promise for improving our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health and the development of interventions based on modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. McGuinness
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - J. A. Davis
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - S. L. Dawson
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - A. Loughman
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. Collier
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. O’Hely
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - C. A. Simpson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. Green
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPcr), Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.466993.70000 0004 0436 2893Department of Psychiatry, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC Australia
| | - W. Marx
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - C. Hair
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.414257.10000 0004 0540 0062Department of Gastroenterology, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - G. Guest
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. Mohebbi
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Berk
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D. Stupart
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - D. Watters
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. N. Jacka
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XCentre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418393.40000 0001 0640 7766Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
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Yi W, Ji Y, Gao H, Pan R, Wei Q, Cheng J, Song J, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Song S, Su H. Does the gut microbiome partially mediate the impact of air pollutants exposure on liver function? Evidence based on schizophrenia patients. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118135. [PMID: 34534831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution may alter the composition of gut microbiome and subsequent liver-related metabolic disorders. Schizophrenia was often accompanied by liver dysfunction. But it was still unclear whether air pollutants affected liver function in patients with schizophrenia through gut microbiome. We aimed to clarify the impacts of long-term air pollutants on the gut microbiome and liver function in schizophrenia and to evaluate the intermediary effect of microbiome. Schizophrenia patients were recruited then serum biochemical indicators were tested. Air pollutant exposure in the previous year was retrospectively estimated by inverse distance weighting. The associations among air pollutants, gut microbiome, and liver function indicators in schizophrenia were estimated. Then the mediating effect of gut microbiome was further explored. The results showed that nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbonic oxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) explained 2.68%-10.77% of the variation in gut microbiome composition (order level) in schizophrenia (all P < 0.05). Network correlation analysis indicated that air pollutants and liver function indicators were mainly related to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria in schizophrenia. Long-term NO2 exposure significantly increased the levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in schizophrenia. Coriobacteriales mediated 13.98% and 49.56% (all P < 0.05) of the associations of long-term NO2 with GGT and GPT, respectively. To conclude, long-term NO2 exposure is positively associated with liver dysfunction in schizophrenia, in which gut microbiome plays an intermediary role. The two pathways, "NO2-Coriobacteriales-GGT" and "NO2-Coriobacteriales-GPT", would provide scientific evidence for the intervention of schizophrenia with liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yifu Ji
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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Zhang S, Qian Y, Li Q, Xu X, Li X, Wang C, Cai H, Zhu J, Yu Y. Metabolic and Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Associations Between Gut Bacteroides and Cognition: A Large-Scale Functional Network Connectivity Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:750704. [PMID: 34733135 PMCID: PMC8558260 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.750704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a proof-of-concept that microbial metabolites provide a molecular connection between the gut and the brain. Extensive research has established a link between gut Bacteroides and human cognition, yet the metabolic and neural mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unknown. Here, we collected fecal samples, resting-state functional MRI, and cognitive data from a large and homogeneous sample of 157 healthy young adults. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted with abundances of Bacteroides and metabolic pathways quantified by species annotation and functional prediction analyses, respectively. Large-scale intra- and internetwork functional connectivity was measured using independent component analysis. Results showed that gut Bacteroides were related to multiple metabolic pathways, which in turn were associated with widespread functional network connectivity. Furthermore, functional network connectivity mediated the associations between some Bacteroides-related metabolic pathways and cognition. Remarkably, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids act as the key metabolic pathways that are most contributive, and the executive control and sensorimotor systems contribute most strongly at the neural level. Our findings suggest complex poly-pathway and poly-network processes linking Bacteroides to cognition, more generally yielding a novel conceptualization of targeting gut Bacteroides as an intervention strategy for individuals with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
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Salivary microbiome profiling reveals a dysbiotic schizophrenia-associated microbiota. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 34711862 PMCID: PMC8553823 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder and often has a prodromal period, referred to as clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, prior to the first episode. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia remain unclear. Despite the human gut microbiome being associated with schizophrenia, the role of the oral microbiome, which is a vital player in the mouth-body connection, is not well understood. To address this, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the salivary microbiome in 85 patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 43 individuals at CHR, and 80 healthy controls (HCs). The salivary microbiome of FES patients was characterized by higher α-diversity and lower β-diversity heterogeneity than those of CHR subjects and HCs. Proteobacteria, the predominant phylum, was depleted, while Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio was enriched, in a stepwise manner from HC to CHR to FES. H2S-producing bacteria exhibited disease-stage-specific enrichment and could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for FES and CHR. Certain salivary microbiota exhibited disease-specific correlation patterns with symptomatic severities, peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, thioredoxin, and S100B in FES. Furthermore, the metabolic functions from inferred metagenomes of the salivary microbiome were disrupted in FES, especially amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and xenobiotic degradation. This study has established a link between salivary microbiome alterations and disease initiation and provided the hypothesis of how the oral microbiota could influence schizophrenia.
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38
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Caffeine consumption and schizophrenia: A highlight on adenosine receptor-independent mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:106-113. [PMID: 34688994 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. However, the complexity of etiology, treatment resistance and side effects induced by current antipsychotics, relapse prevention, and psychosocial rehabilitation are still to be uncovered. Caffeine, as the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, plays a crucial role in daily life. Plenty of preclinical and clinical evidence has illustrated that caffeine consumption could have a beneficial effect on schizophrenia. In this review, we firstly summarize the factors associated with the caffeine-induced beneficial effect. Then, a variety of mechanism of actions independent of adenosine receptor signaling will be discussed with an emphasis on the potential contribution of the microbiome-gut-brain axis to provide more possibilities for future therapeutic, prognosis, and social rehabilitation strategy.
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan A, O’Connor K. Compositional and functional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia: A systematic review. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:108. [PMID: 34870091 PMCID: PMC8634050 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut and oral microbiota are intrinsically linked to human health. Recent studies suggest a direct link with mental health through bidirectional gut-brain pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and/or function of intestinal microbiome differs in those with psychosis and schizophrenia as compared with controls. There is relatively little research on the predicted or actual functional alterations associated with the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, evaluate and if possible, combine the published literature on compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We also aim to explore the potential functional impact of any compositional changes. Methods: Original studies involving humans and animals using a case-control, cohort or cross-sectional design will be included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane will be systematically searched. Quantitative analyses will be performed using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Discussion: Changes in microbiota composition in psychosis and schizophrenia have been correlated with alternations in brain structure and function, altered immunity, altered metabolic pathways and symptom severity. Changes have also been identified as potential biomarkers for psychosis that might aid in diagnosis. Understanding how predicted or actual functional alterations in microbial genes or metabolic pathways influence symptomatic expression and downstream clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis. Registration: The study is prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260208).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland T12XF62, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Ali Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accumulating evidence indicates that there are bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and functioning of the central nervous system. Consequently, it has been proposed that gut microbiota alterations might play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Therefore, in this article, we aimed to perform a narrative review of studies addressing gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia that were published in the years 2019-2020. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have shown a number of gut microbiota alterations at various stages of schizophrenia. Some of them can be associated with neurostructural abnormalities, psychopathological symptoms, subclinical inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Experimental studies clearly show that transplantation of gut microbiota from unmedicated patients with schizophrenia to germ-free mice results in a number of behavioural impairments accompanied by altered neurotransmission. However, findings from clinical trials do not support the use of probiotics as add-on treatments in schizophrenia. SUMMARY Gut microbiota alterations are widely observed in patients with schizophrenia and might account for various biological alterations involved in the cause of psychosis. However, longitudinal studies are still needed to conclude regarding causal associations. Well designed clinical trials are needed to investigate safety and efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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41
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Molina JD, Avila S, Rubio G, López-Muñoz F. Metabolomic connections between schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs and metabolic syndrome: A variety of players. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4049-4061. [PMID: 34348619 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210804110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of schizophrenia lacks of reliable medical diagnostic tests and robust biomarkers applied to clinical practice. Schizophrenic patients undergoing treatment with antipsychotics suffer a reduced life expectancy due to metabolic disarrangements that co-exist with their mental illness and predispose them to develop metabolic syndrome, also exacerbated by medication. Metabolomics is an emerging and potent technology able to accelerate this biomedical research. <P> Aim: This review focus on a detailed vision of the molecular mechanisms involved both in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome, based on innovative metabolites that consistently change in nascent metabolic syndrome, drug-naïve, first episode psychosis and/or schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects. <P> Main lines: Supported by metabolomic approaches, although not exclusively, noteworthy variations are reported mainly through serum samples of patients and controls in several scenes: 1) alterations in fatty acids, inflammatory response indicators, amino acids and biogenic amines, biometals and gut microbiota metabolites (schizophrenia); 2) alterations in metabolites involved in carbohydrate and gut microbiota metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress (metabolic syndrome), some of them shared with the schizophrenia scene; 3) alterations of cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitines, Sirtuin 1, orexin-A and changes in microbiota composition (antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome). <P> Conclusion: Novel insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and metabolic side-effects associated to its antipsychotic treatment, represent an urgent request for scientifics and clinicians. Leptin, carnitines, adiponectin, insulin or interleukin-6 represent some examples of candidate biomarkers. Cutting-edge technologies like metabolomics have the power of strengthen research for achieving preventive, diagnostic and therapeutical solutions for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Molina
- Clinical Management Area of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Service, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid. Spain
| | - Sonia Avila
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid. Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Clinical Management Area of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Service, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid. Spain
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42
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Nguyen TT, Zhang X, Wu TC, Liu J, Le C, Tu XM, Knight R, Jeste DV. Association of Loneliness and Wisdom With Gut Microbial Diversity and Composition: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:648475. [PMID: 33841213 PMCID: PMC8029068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and wisdom have opposite effects on health and well-being. Loneliness is a serious public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Wisdom is associated with better health and well-being. We have consistently found a strong negative correlation between loneliness and wisdom. The present study aimed to investigate the association of loneliness and wisdom with the gut microbiome. One hundred eighty-four community-dwelling adults (28-97 years) completed validated self-report-based measures of loneliness, wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement. Fecal samples were collected and profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Linear regression analyses, controlling for age and body mass index, revealed that lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement were associated with greater phylogenetic richness and diversity of the gut microbiome. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis to investigate multivariate relationships extracted two composite variables. Linear regression model predicting alpha-diversity with PLS components revealed that a linear combination of all psychosocial predictors (with negative loading for loneliness and positive loadings for all others, including wisdom, compassion, social support, and social engagement) was significantly associated with alpha-diversity. For beta-diversity, compassion and wisdom accounted for a significant proportion of variance in overall microbial community composition. Findings may have implications for interventions to reduce loneliness and possibly its health-related adverse consequences. Future research should explore whether increasing compassion and wisdom may improve loneliness and overall well-being as well as microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Collin Le
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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43
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Spichak S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Berding K, Vlckova K, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:698-761. [PMID: 33675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing knowledge regarding the role of the microbiome in modulating the brain and behaviour. Indeed, the actions of microbial metabolites are key for appropriate gut-brain communication in humans. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence for involvement in various aspects of brain function and behaviour. With the identification of neuroactive gut-brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets. We identified 278 studies relating to the human microbiota-gut-brain axis which included sequencing data. This spanned across psychiatric and neurological disorders with a small number also focused on normal behavioural development. With a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, thirty-five of these datasets were reanalysed from publicly available raw sequencing files and the remainder summarised and collated. Among the reanalysed studies, we uncovered evidence of disease-related alterations in microbial metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Amongst studies that could not be reanalysed, many sequencing and technical limitations hindered the discovery of specific biomarkers of microbes or metabolites conserved across studies. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings. We also propose guidelines for future human microbiome analysis to increase reproducibility and consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spichak
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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44
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Jumpstarting metabolomics and the next generation of clinically useful gut-brain microbiome research. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:12-13. [PMID: 33516923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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45
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Zhu C, Zheng M, Ali U, Xia Q, Wang Z, Chenlong, Yao L, Chen Y, Yan J, Wang K, Chen J, Zhang X. Association Between Abundance of Haemophilus in the Gut Microbiota and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:685910. [PMID: 34393849 PMCID: PMC8362742 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates an interaction between dysbiosis of the microbiota and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, limited information is available on the specific microbial communities associated with symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relationship with psychopathologies in schizophrenia. We recruited 126 participants and divided them into three groups according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria-acute group (patients with acute schizophrenia), remission group (patients with schizophrenia in remission), and control group (healthy controls). Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Microbiota compositions, diversity and community structure were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between bacterial taxa and psychotic symptoms. The beta-diversity of microbiota composition in the acute group was distinct from that in the remission and control groups (PC1 = 21.11% vs. PC2 = 12.86%, P = 0.021). Furthermore, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that abundance of Haemophilus was positively correlated with negative psychiatric symptoms (r = 0.303, P = 0.021), while abundance of Coprococcus was negatively correlated with negative psychiatric symptoms (r = -0.285, P = 0.025). Moreover, abundance of Haemophilus was positively correlated with cognition (r = 0.428, P = 0.009), excitement (r = 0.266, P = 0.037), and depression (r = 0.295, P = 0.020). The study findings suggest that alterations in certain gut microbiota may interfere with psychological symptoms in schizophrenia. Our results provide evidence that may help in the development of therapeutic strategies using microbial-based targets. The data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the NCBI (https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with accession number SUB9453991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhen Zhu
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Usman Ali
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongxian Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenlong
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lihui Yao
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junwei Yan
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Keming Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
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