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Mackey-Alfonso SE, Butler MJ, Taylor AM, Williams-Medina AR, Muscat SM, Fu H, Barrientos RM. Short-term high fat diet impairs memory, exacerbates the neuroimmune response, and evokes synaptic degradation via a complement-dependent mechanism in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:56-69. [PMID: 39043341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by profound memory impairments, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and hallmark pathological markers. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption increases the risk of developing AD even after controlling for metabolic syndrome, pointing to a role of the diet itself in increasing risk. In AD, the complement system, an arm of the immune system which normally tags redundant or damaged synapses for pruning, becomes pathologically overactivated leading to tagging of healthy synapses. While the unhealthy diet to AD link is strong, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood in part due to confounding variables associated with long-term HFD which can independently influence the brain. Therefore, we experimented with a short-term diet regimen to isolate the diet's impact on brain function without causing obesity. This project investigated the effect of short-term HFD on 1) memory, 2) neuroinflammation including complement, 3) AD pathology markers, 4) synaptic markers, and 5) in vitro microglial synaptic phagocytosis in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Following the consumption of either standard chow or HFD, 3xTg-AD and non-Tg mice were tested for memory impairments. In a separate cohort of mice, levels of hippocampal inflammatory markers, complement proteins, AD pathology markers, and synaptic markers were measured. For the last set of experiments, BV2 microglial phagocytosis of synapses was evaluated. Synaptoneurosomes isolated from the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice fed chow or HFD were incubated with equal numbers of BV2 microglia. The number of BV2 microglia that phagocytosed synaptoneurosomes was tracked over time with a live-cell imaging assay. Finally, we incubated BV2 microglia with a complement receptor inhibitor (NIF) and repeated the assay. Behavioral analysis showed 3xTg-AD mice had significantly impaired long-term contextual and cued fear memory compared to non-Tg mice that was further impaired by HFD. HFD significantly increased inflammatory markers and complement expression while decreasing synaptic marker expression only in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering AD pathology markers. Synaptoneurosomes from HFD-fed 3xTg-AD mice were phagocytosed at a significantly higher rate than those from chow-fed mice, suggesting the synapses were altered by HFD. The complement receptor inhibitor blocked this effect in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the HFD-mediated increase in phagocytosis was complement dependent. This study indicates HFD consumption increases neuroinflammation and over-activates the complement cascade in 3xTg-AD mice, resulting in poorer memory. The in vitro data point to complement as a potential mechanistic culprit and therapeutic target underlying HFD's influence in increasing cognitive vulnerability to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Mackey-Alfonso
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashton M Taylor
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Gajdošová L, Katrenčíková B, Borbélyová V, Muchová J. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Exercise on Locomotor Activity, Exploratory Activity, and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult and Aged Rats. Physiol Res 2024; 73:461-480. [PMID: 39012176 PMCID: PMC11299774 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and complex biological process that is associated with a gradual decline in physiological functions and a higher disease susceptibility. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, play a crucial role in maintaining brain health and their deficiency is linked to age-related cognitive decline. Combining omega-3-rich diets with exercise may enhance cognitive function more effectively, as both share overlapping neurobiological and physiological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise and omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in two different doses (160 mg/kg and 320 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive abilities in both adult and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (4-5- and 23-24-month-old) were randomly divided into seven groups: 3-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, low-dose omega-3 FAs, high-dose omega-3 FAs, 7-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, exercise-only, low-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise, and high-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise. The administered oil contained omega-3 FAs with DHA:EPA in a ratio of 1.5:1. Our results indicate that aging negatively impacts the locomotor and exploratory activity of rats. In adult rats, a low dose of omega-3 FAs reduces locomotor activity when combined with exercise while high dose of omega-3 FAs reduces anxiety-like behavior and improves recognition memory when combined with exercise. The combination of omega-3 FAs and exercise had varying impacts on behavior, suggesting a need for further research in this area to fully understand their therapeutic efficacy in the context of cognitive changes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gajdošová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Fan C, Xu J, Tong H, Fang Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Chen R, Chen F, Wu G. Gut-brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity. Food Funct 2024; 15:1803-1824. [PMID: 38314832 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, as a prevalent symptom of nervous system disorders, poses one of the most challenging aspects in the management of brain diseases. Lipids present in the cell membranes of all neurons within the brain and dietary lipids can regulate the cognition and memory function. In recent years, the advancements in gut microbiome research have enabled the exploration of dietary lipids targeting the gut-brain axis as a strategy for regulating cognition. This present review provides an in-depth overview of how lipids modulate cognition via the gut-brain axis depending on metabolic, immune, neural and endocrine pathways. It also comprehensively analyzes the effects of diverse lipids on the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, thereby affecting the central nervous system and cognitive capacity. Moreover, comparative analysis of the positive and negative effects is presented between beneficial and detrimental lipids. The former encompass monounsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, phytosterols, fungal sterols and bioactive lipid-soluble vitamins, as well as lipid-derived gut metabolites, whereas the latter (detrimental lipids) include medium- or long-chain fatty acids, excessive proportions of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, industrial trans fatty acids, and zoosterols. To sum up, the focus of this review is on how gut-brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity, providing a novel theoretical foundation for promoting brain cognitive health and scientific lipid consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Fan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Haoxiang Tong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yucheng Fang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Yangzhuo Lin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Fuhao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Muscat SM, Butler MJ, Bettes MN, DeMarsh JW, Scaria EA, Deems NP, Barrientos RM. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction is exacerbated by high-fat diet via TLR4 and prevented by dietary DHA supplementation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:385-401. [PMID: 38145855 PMCID: PMC10872288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an abrupt decline in neurocognitive function arising shortly after surgery and persisting for weeks to months, increasing the risk of dementia diagnosis. Advanced age, obesity, and comorbidities linked to high-fat diet (HFD) consumption such as diabetes and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for POCD, although underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously shown that surgery alone, or 3-days of HFD can each evoke sufficient neuroinflammation to cause memory deficits in aged, but not young rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if HFD consumption before surgery would potentiate and prolong the subsequent neuroinflammatory response and memory deficits, and if so, to determine the extent to which these effects depend on activation of the innate immune receptor TLR4, which both insults are known to stimulate. Young-adult (3mo) & aged (24mo) male F344xBN F1 rats were fed standard chow or HFD for 3-days immediately before sham surgery or laparotomy. In aged rats, the combination of HFD and surgery caused persistent deficits in contextual memory and cued-fear memory, though it was determined that HFD alone was sufficient to cause the long-lasting cued-fear memory deficits. In young adult rats, HFD + surgery caused only cued-fear memory deficits. Elevated proinflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus of both young and aged rats that received HFD + surgery persisted for at least 3-weeks after surgery. In a separate experiment, rats were administered the TLR4-specific antagonist, LPS-RS, immediately before HFD onset, which ameliorated the HFD + surgery-associated neuroinflammation and memory deficits. Similarly, dietary DHA supplementation for 4 weeks prior to HFD onset blunted the neuroinflammatory response to surgery and prevented development of persistent memory deficits. These results suggest that HFD 1) increases risk of persistent POCD-associated memory impairments following surgery in male rats in 2) a TLR4-dependent manner, which 3) can be targeted by DHA supplementation to mitigate development of persistent POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W DeMarsh
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Scaria
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Berdún R, Obis È, Mota-Martorell N, Bassols A, Valent D, Serrano JCE, Martín-Garí M, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Tibau J, Quintanilla R, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M, Jové M. High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Brain Mitochondrial Complex I and Lipoxidation-Derived Protein Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:161. [PMID: 38397759 PMCID: PMC10886272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for highly prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis of whichinvolves mitochondrial dysfunction and protein oxidative damage. Lipoxidation, driven by high levels of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids and low antioxidant protection of the brain, stands out as a significant risk factor. To gain information on the relationship between obesity and brain molecular damage, in a porcine model of obesity we evaluated (1) the level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as the main source of free radical generation, by Western blot; (2) the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography; and (3) the oxidative modification of proteins by mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate a selectively higher amount of the lipoxidation-derived biomarker malondialdehyde-lysine (MDAL) (34% increase) in the frontal cortex, and positive correlations between MDAL and LDL levels and body weight. No changes were observed in brain fatty acid profile by the high-fat diet, and the increased lipid peroxidative modification was associated with increased levels of mitochondrial complex I (NDUFS3 and NDUFA9 subunits) and complex II (flavoprotein). Interestingly, introducing n3 fatty acids and a probiotic in the high-fat diet prevented the observed changes, suggesting that dietary components can modulate protein oxidative modification at the cerebral level and opening new possibilities in neurodegenerative diseases' prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniel Valent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (D.V.)
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Meritxell Martín-Garí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Palmero
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-P.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | | | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Science—Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Monells, 17121 Girona, Spain;
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
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Butler MJ, Mackey-Alfonso SE, Massa N, Baskin KK, Barrientos RM. Dietary fatty acids differentially impact phagocytosis, inflammatory gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration in microglial and neuronal cell models. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1227241. [PMID: 37636589 PMCID: PMC10448530 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1227241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of diets high in saturated fatty acids and/or refined carbohydrates are associated with neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We have previously shown that high fat diet (HFD) consumption increases saturated fatty acids and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hippocampus. We have further shown that HFD elicits exaggerated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic elements, and results in robust memory deficits in aged rats. Here, we examined the impact of palmitate, an abundant dietary saturated fat, on a variety of cellular responses in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, and the extent to which the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), would buffer against these responses. Our data demonstrate that DHA pretreatment prevents or partially attenuates palmitate-induced alterations in proinflammatory, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial damage-associated gene expression in both cell types. Furthermore, we show that synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, HFD-fed mice are engulfed by BV2 microglia at a faster rate than synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, chow-fed mice, suggesting HFD alters signaling at synapses to hasten their engulfment by microglia. Consistent with this notion, we found modest increases in complement proteins and a decrease in CD47 protein expression on synaptoneurosomes isolated from the hippocampus of aged, HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, palmitate reduced BV2 microglial phagocytosis, but only of synaptoneurosomes isolated from chow-fed mice, an effect that was prevented by DHA pretreatment. Lastly, we measured the impact of palmitate and DHA on mitochondrial function in both microglial and neuronal cell models using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. These data indicate that DHA pretreatment does not mitigate palmitate-induced reductions in mitochondrial respiration in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, suggesting DHA may be acting downstream of mitochondrial function to exert its protective effects. Together, this study provides evidence that DHA can ameliorate the negative impact of palmitate on a variety of cellular functions in microglia- and neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sabrina E. Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nashali Massa
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kedryn K. Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth M. Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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González Olmo BM, Bettes MN, DeMarsh JW, Zhao F, Askwith C, Barrientos RM. Short-term high-fat diet consumption impairs synaptic plasticity in the aged hippocampus via IL-1 signaling. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:35. [PMID: 37460765 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
More Americans are consuming diets higher in saturated fats and refined sugars than ever before. These trends could have serious consequences for the older population because high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, known to induce neuroinflammation, has been shown to accelerate and aggravate memory declines. We have previously demonstrated that short-term HFD consumption, which does not evoke obesity-related comorbidities, produced profound impairments to hippocampal-dependent memory in aged rats. These impairments were precipitated by increases in proinflammatory cytokines, primarily interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Here, we explored the extent to which short-term HFD consumption disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as measured by long-term potentiation (LTP), in young adult and aged rats. We demonstrated that (1) HFD disrupted late-phase LTP in the hippocampus of aged, but not young adult rats, (2) HFD did not disrupt early-phase LTP, and (3) blockade of the IL-1 receptor rescued L-LTP in aged HFD-fed rats. These findings suggest that hippocampal memory impairments in aged rats following HFD consumption occur through the deterioration of synaptic plasticity and that IL-1β is a critical driver of that deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M González Olmo
- Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W DeMarsh
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Hartnett KB, Ferguson BJ, Hecht PM, Schuster LE, Shenker JI, Mehr DR, Fritsche KL, Belury MA, Scharre DW, Horwitz AJ, Kille BM, Sutton BE, Tatum PE, Greenlief CM, Beversdorf DQ. Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1096. [PMID: 37509132 PMCID: PMC10377362 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of individual potentially modifiable factors are associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less is known about the interactions between the individual factors. METHODS In order to begin to examine the relationship between a pair of factors, we performed a pilot study, surveying patients with AD and controls for stress exposure and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake to explore their relationship for risk of AD. RESULTS For individuals with the greatest stress exposure, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly greater in healthy controls than in AD patients. There was no difference among those with low stress exposure. CONCLUSIONS These initial results begin to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may mitigate AD risk in the setting of greater stress exposure. This will need to be examined with larger populations and other pairs of risk factors to better understand these important relationships. Examining how individual risk factors interact will ultimately be important for learning how to optimally decrease the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Hartnett
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Bradley J Ferguson
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Patrick M Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luke E Schuster
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Joel I Shenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - David R Mehr
- Family & Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Douglas W Scharre
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Briann E Sutton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA
| | - Paul E Tatum
- Division of Palliative Medicine; Washington University. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - David Q Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Muscat SM, Butler MJ, Mackey-Alfonso SE, Barrientos RM. Young adult and aged female rats are vulnerable to amygdala-dependent, but not hippocampus-dependent, memory impairment following short-term high-fat diet. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:145-156. [PMID: 36870621 PMCID: PMC10257807 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Global populations are increasingly consuming diets high in saturated fats and refined carbohydrates, and such diets have been well-associated with heightened inflammation and neurological dysfunction. Notably, older individuals are particularly vulnerable to the impact of unhealthy diet on cognition, even after a single meal, and pre-clinical rodent studies have demonstrated that short-term consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) induces marked increases in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Unfortunately though, to date, most studies on the topic of nutrition and cognition, especially in aging, have been performed only in male rodents. This is especially concerning given that older females are more vulnerable to develop certain memory deficits and/or severe memory-related pathologies than males. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which short-term HFD consumption impacts memory function and neuroinflammation in female rats. Young adult (3 months) and aged (20-22 months) female rats were fed HFD for 3 days. Using contextual fear conditioning, we found that HFD had no effect on long-term contextual memory (hippocampus-dependent) at either age, but impaired long-term auditory-cued memory (amygdala-dependent) regardless of age. Gene expression of Il-1β was markedly dysregulated in the amygdala, but not hippocampus, of both young and aged rats after 3 days of HFD. Interestingly, modulation of IL-1 signaling via central administration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (which we have previously demonstrated to be protective in males) had no impact on memory function following the HFD in females. Investigation of the memory-associated gene Pacap and its receptor Pac1r revealed differential effects of HFD on their expression in the hippocampus and amygdala. Specifically, HFD induced increased expression of Pacap and Pac1r in the hippocampus, whereas decreased Pacap was observed in the amygdala. Collectively, these data suggest that both young adult and aged female rats are vulnerable to amygdala-dependent (but not hippocampus-dependent) memory impairments following short-term HFD consumption, and identify potential mechanisms related to IL-1β and PACAP signaling in these differential effects. Notably, these findings are strikingly different than those previously reported in male rats using the same diet regimen and behavioral paradigms, and highlight the importance of examining potential sex differences in the context of neuroimmune-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sabrina E Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Jia Y, Hui L, Sun L, Guo D, Shi M, Zhang K, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Shen O, Zhu Z. Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:428-443. [PMID: 36124769 PMCID: PMC10016401 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS To identify promising drug targets for psychiatric disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) design to systematically screen blood metabolome for potential mediators of psychiatric disorders and further predict target-mediated side effects. STUDY DESIGN We selected 92 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with totally 147 827 participants. Summary statistics for bipolar disorder (BIP), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), panic disorder (PD), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and anorexia nervosa (AN) originated from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, involving 1 143 340 participants. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to estimate associations of blood metabolites with psychiatric disorders. Phenome-wide MR analysis was further performed to predict side effects mediated by metabolite-targeted interventions. RESULTS Eight metabolites were identified associated with psychiatric disorders, including five established mediators: N-acetylornithine (BIP: OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66-0.79]; SCZ: OR, 0.74 [0.64-0.84]), glycine (BIP: OR, 0.62 [0.50-0.77]), docosahexaenoic acid (MDD: OR, 0.96 [0.94-0.97]), 3-Hydroxybutyrate (MDD: OR, 1.14 [1.08-1.21]), butyrylcarnitine (SCZ: OR, 1.22 [1.12-1.32]); and three novel mediators: 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (1-arachidonoyl-GPC)(BIP: OR, 0.31 [0.23-0.41]), glycoproteins (BIP: OR, 0.94 [0.92-0.97]), sphingomyelins (AN: OR, 1.12 [1.06-1.19]). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that all identified metabolites except for N-acetylornithine and 3-Hydroxybutyrate had additional effects on nonpsychiatric diseases, while glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, N-acetylornithine, and butyrylcarnitine had no adverse side effects. CONCLUSIONS This MR study identified five established and three novel mediators for psychiatric disorders. N-acetylornithine, glycine, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, and butyrylcarnitine might be promising targets against psychiatric disorders with no predicted adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Hui
- Research Center of Biological Psychiatry, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ouxi Shen
- Department of Occupational Health, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Butler MJ, Sengupta S, Muscat SM, Amici SA, Biltz RG, Deems NP, Dravid P, Mackey-Alfonso S, Ijaz H, Bettes MN, Godbout JP, Kapoor A, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Barrientos RM. CD8 + T cells contribute to diet-induced memory deficits in aged male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:235-250. [PMID: 36764399 PMCID: PMC10124165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that short-term (3-day) high fat diet (HFD) consumption induces a neuroinflammatory response and subsequent impairment of long-term memory in aged, but not young adult, male rats. However, the immune cell phenotypes driving this proinflammatory response are not well understood. Previously, we showed that microglia isolated from young and aged rats fed a HFD express similar levels of priming and proinflammatory transcripts, suggesting that additional factors may drive the exaggerated neuroinflammatory response selectively observed in aged HFD-fed rats. It is established that T cells infiltrate both the young and especially the aged central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to immune surveillance of the parenchyma. Thus, we investigated the modulating role of short-term HFD on T cell presence in the CNS in aged rats using bulk RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing results indicate that aging and HFD altered the expression of genes and signaling pathways associated with T cell signaling, immune cell trafficking, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, flow cytometry data showed that aging alone increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell presence in the brain and that CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells were further increased in aged rats fed a HFD. Based on these data, we selectively depleted circulating CD8+ T cells via an intravenous injection of an anti-CD8 antibody in aged rats prior to 3 days of HFD to infer the functional role these cells may be playing in long-term memory and neuroinflammation. Results indicate that peripheral depletion of CD8+ T cells lowered hippocampal cytokine levels and prevented the HFD-induced i) increase in brain CD8+ T cells, ii) memory impairment, and iii) alterations in pre- and post-synaptic structures in the hippocampus and amygdala. Together, these data indicate a substantial role for CD8+ T cells in mediating diet-induced memory impairments in aged male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Shouvonik Sengupta
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca G Biltz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Piyush Dravid
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sabrina Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haanya Ijaz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amit Kapoor
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Muscat SM, Deems NP, Butler MJ, Scaria EA, Bettes MN, Cleary SP, Bockbrader RH, Maier SF, Barrientos RM. Selective TLR4 Antagonism Prevents and Reverses Morphine-Induced Persistent Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Dysregulation of Synaptic Elements, and Impaired BDNF Signaling in Aged Male Rats. J Neurosci 2023; 43:155-172. [PMID: 36384680 PMCID: PMC9838714 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1151-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are characterized by confusion, difficulty with executive function, and episodic memory impairment in the hours to months following a surgical procedure. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) represents such impairments that last beyond 30 d postsurgery and is associated with increased risk of comorbidities, progression to dementia, and higher mortality. While it is clear that neuroinflammation plays a key role in PND development, what factors underlie shorter self-resolving versus persistent PNDs remains unclear. We have previously shown that postoperative morphine treatment extends POCD from 4 d (without morphine) to at least 8 weeks (with morphine) in aged male rats, and that this effect is likely dependent on the proinflammatory capabilities of morphine via activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Here, we extend these findings to show that TLR4 blockade, using the selective TLR4 antagonist lipopolysaccharide from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS Ultrapure), ameliorates morphine-induced POCD in aged male rats. Using either a single central preoperative treatment or a 1 week postoperative central treatment regimen, we demonstrate that TLR4 antagonism (1) prevents and reverses the long-term memory impairment associated with surgery and morphine treatment, (2) ameliorates morphine-induced dysregulation of the postsynaptic proteins postsynaptic density 95 and synaptopodin, (3) mitigates reductions in mature BDNF, and (4) prevents decreased activation of the BDNF receptor TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B), all at 4 weeks postsurgery. We also reveal that LPS-RS Ultrapure likely exerts its beneficial effects by preventing endogenous danger signal HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) from activating TLR4, rather than by blocking continuous activation by morphine or its metabolites. These findings suggest TLR4 as a promising therapeutic target to prevent or treat PNDs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT With humans living longer than ever, it is crucial that we identify mechanisms that contribute to aging-related vulnerability to cognitive impairment. Here, we show that the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key mediator of cognitive dysfunction in aged rodents following surgery and postoperative morphine treatment. Inhibition of TLR4 both prevented and reversed surgery plus morphine-associated memory impairment, dysregulation of synaptic elements, and reduced BDNF signaling. Together, these findings implicate TLR4 in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, providing mechanistic insight and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive impairments following immune challenges such as surgery in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Emmanuel A Scaria
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ross H Bockbrader
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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13
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Taoro-González L, Pereda D, Valdés-Baizabal C, González-Gómez M, Pérez JA, Mesa-Herrera F, Canerina-Amaro A, Pérez-González H, Rodríguez C, Díaz M, Marin R. Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7430. [PMID: 35806435 PMCID: PMC9267073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts' integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice's hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by "rejuvenating" the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Pereda
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José A. Pérez
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Canerina-Amaro
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Herminia Pérez-González
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Mario Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- IUETSP (Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias), University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Mora I, Arola L, Caimari A, Escoté X, Puiggròs F. Structured Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improvement of Cognitive Function during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3472. [PMID: 35408832 PMCID: PMC8998232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human lifespan has increased in the past century owing to advances in medicine and lifestyle, the human healthspan has not kept up the same pace, especially in brain aging. Consequently, the role of preventive health interventions has become a crucial strategy, in particular, the identification of nutritional compounds that could alleviate the deleterious effects of aging. Among nutrients to cope with aging in special cognitive decline, the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have emerged as very promising ones. Due to their neuroinflammatory resolving effects, an increased status of DHA and EPA in the elderly has been linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the results from clinical studies do not show consistent evidence and intake recommendations for old adults are lacking. Recently, supplementation with structured forms of EPA and DHA, which can be derived natural forms or targeted structures, have proven enhanced bioavailability and powerful benefits. This review summarizes present and future perspectives of new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs and the role of "omic" technologies combined with the use of high-throughput in vivo models to shed light on the relationships and underlying mechanisms between ω-3 LCPUFAs and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
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Tian M, Wang Y, Liu D, Zhao X. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation alleviates behavioral memory impairment caused via repeated administration of sevoflurane in aged rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 34934425 PMCID: PMC8652387 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients often need repeated surgical intervention, so it is important to determine the impact of repeated exposure to anesthetics on learning and memory. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is considered to be an essential nutrient for maintaining brain health. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential effects of DHA on memory impairment induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats. A total of 54 Sprague Dawley aged rats (18 months) were randomly divided into the following six groups: i) Control group; ii) sevoflurane group (Sev, 2.5% for 5 min); iii) DHA group (3 g/kg); iv) Sev + DHA (0.3 g/kg) group; v) Sev + DHA (1 g/kg) group; and vi) Sev + DHA (3 g/kg) group. Morris water maze experiment was performed to evaluate the learning and memory ability of the rats following treatment. H&E staining was used to observe any histological changes. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase levels were detected using ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression levels. Following repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, rats exhibited a prolonged escape latency. The number of times rats crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were also significantly reduced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. However, rats treated with Sev + DHA exhibited a reduced escape latency, whilst the number of times they crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant increased compared with Sev treatment alone. Histopathological examination revealed that DHA treatment ameliorated the disordered neuron arrangement, deep staining of the neuronal nucleus pyknosis and cell edema observed in the brain tissue induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were demonstrated to be significantly increased in rats treated with DHA and exposed to repeated sevoflurane anesthesia compared with those in untreated rats that underwent repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. In conclusion, the present study revealed that DHA exerted protective effects against impairments in learning and memory induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats, which may be associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Degong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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