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Sipowicz K, Pietras T, Mosiołek A, Sobstyl M, Ring M, Kamecki K, Stefańczyk I, Kosmalski M. The sense of loneliness and meaning in life in post-COVID convalescents-a preliminary study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1296385. [PMID: 38188044 PMCID: PMC10768000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1296385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 epidemic has provided opportunity to study the impact of a well-defined severe illness on the development of a depressive episode and the associated sense of loneliness and lack of meaning in life. Materials and Methods The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of a reactive depressive episode, the severity of depression, a sense of loneliness and meaning in life in subjects who approximately a year earlier than the date of the study had suffered from a pulmonary form of SARS-CoV-2 infection with radiologically documented interstitial lesions of the lungs, requiring and not requiring hospitalization compared to people who did not develop the disease as a result of infection with that virus. The study included 63 subjects hospitalized for pulmonary lesions, 67 not hospitalized and 60 healthy controls. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using a Polish-language standardized version of the Beck Depression Inventory, a sense of loneliness using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and a sense of meaning in life using the Life Attitude Profile-Revised. Results The frequency of depression and its severity were found to be the highest in hospitalized patients compared to those treated at home and healthy people. A significant difference in the frequency of depression and its severity between outpatients and healthy people was also observed. The feeling of loneliness turned out to be greatest in the group of hospitalized people. Also, the severity of loneliness was found to be higher in the outpatient compared to the control group. The sense of meaning in life reached its lowest level among hospitalized patients, was moderately reduced in the outpatient group, and typical of the Polish population in the control group. Discussion Both pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization have been shown to be a risk factor for depression, increased feeling of loneliness and a reduced sense of meaning in life. The effect of trauma and the presence of depression can be the explanation for the increased sense of loneliness after the illness and the partial breakdown of the lifeline manifested by a decrease in the sense of meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Sipowicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mosiołek
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Sobstyl
- Neurosurgery Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ring
- The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Kamecki
- The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ignacy Stefańczyk
- The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Matraszek-Gawron R, Chwil M, Terlecki K, Skoczylas MM. Current Knowledge of the Antidepressant Activity of Chemical Compounds from Crocus sativus L. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:58. [PMID: 36678554 PMCID: PMC9860663 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotropic effect of Crocus sativus L. (family Iridaceae) biologically active chemical compounds are quite well documented and they can therefore be used in addition to the conventional pharmacological treatment of depression. This systematic review on antidepressant compounds in saffron crocus and their mechanisms of action and side effects is based on publications released between 1995−2022 and data indexed in 15 databases under the following search terms: antidepressant effect, central nervous system, Crocus sativus, cognitive impairement, crocin, crocetin, depression, dopamine, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, picrocrocin, phytotherapy, neurotransmitters, safranal, saffron, serotonin, and biologically active compounds. The comparative analysis of the publications was based on 414 original research papers. The investigated literature indicates the effectiveness and safety of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and biologically active chemical compounds (alkaloids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoid, phenolic, saponins, and terpenoids) isolated from various organs (corms, leaves, flower petal, and stigmas) in adjuvant treatment of depression and anxiety. Monoamine reuptake inhibition, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-α agonism are the main proposed mechanism of the antidepressant action. The antidepressant and neuroprotective effect of extract components is associated with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The mechanism of their action, interactions with conventional drugs and other herbal preparations and the safety of use are not fully understood; therefore, further detailed research in this field is necessary. The presented results regarding the application of C. sativus in phytotherapy are promising in terms of the use of herbal preparations to support the treatment of depression. This is particularly important given the steady increase in the incidence of this disease worldwide and social effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Matraszek-Gawron
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosława Chwil
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Terlecki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Marian Skoczylas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1 Street, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Depressive symptoms, but not anxiety, predict subsequent diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 19: a national cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e16. [PMID: 35331365 PMCID: PMC8967696 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Several diseases are linked to increased risk of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Our aim was to investigate whether depressive and anxiety symptoms predict subsequent risk of COVID-19, as has been shown for other respiratory infections. METHODS We based our analysis on UK Biobank participants providing prospective data to estimate temporal association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and COVID-19. We estimated whether the magnitude of these symptoms predicts subsequent diagnosis of COVID-19 in this sample. Further, we evaluated whether depressive and anxiety symptoms predicted (i) being tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and (ii) COVID-19 in those tested. RESULTS Based on data from N = 135 102 participants, depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.052; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-1.086; absolute case risk: (moderately) severe depression: 493 per 100 000 v. minimal depression: 231 per 100 000) but not anxiety (OR = 1.009; 95% CI 0.97-1.047) predicted COVID-19. While depressive symptoms but not anxiety predicted (i) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.039; 95% CI 1.029-1.05 and OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.978-1.002), (ii) neither predicted COVID-19 in those tested (OR = 1.015; 95% CI 0.981-1.05 and OR = 1.021; 95% CI 0.981-1.061). Results remained stable after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, multimorbidity and behavioural factors. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, irrespective of multimorbidities. Potential underlying mechanisms to be elucidated include risk behaviour, symptom perception, healthcare use, testing likelihood, viral exposure, immune function and disease progress. Our findings highlight the relevance of mental processes in the context of COVID-19.
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de Erausquin GA, Snyder H, Carrillo M, Hosseini AA, Brugha TS, Seshadri S. The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1056-1065. [PMID: 33399270 PMCID: PMC10431934 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing evidence of SARS-CoV-2 impact on the central nervous system (CNS) raises key questions on its impact for risk of later life cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other dementia. METHODS The Alzheimer's Association and representatives from more than 30 countries-with technical guidance from the World Health Organization-have formed an international consortium to study the short-and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS-including the underlying biology that may contribute to AD and other dementias. This consortium will link teams from around the world covering more than 22 million COVID-19 cases to enroll two groups of individuals including people with disease, to be evaluated for follow-up evaluations at 6, 9, and 18 months, and people who are already enrolled in existing international research studies to add additional measures and markers of their underlying biology. CONCLUSIONS The increasing evidence and understanding of SARS-CoV-2's impact on the CNS raises key questions on the impact for risk of later life cognitive decline, AD, and other dementia. This program of studies aims to better understand the long-term consequences that may impact the brain, cognition, and functioning-including the underlying biology that may contribute to AD and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. de Erausquin
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Akram A. Hosseini
- Neurology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Traolach S. Brugha
- Social and Epidemiological Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Nobile B, Durand M, Olié E, Guillaume S, Molès JP, Haffen E, Courtet P. The Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Tricyclic Antidepressant Clomipramine and Its High Penetration in the Brain Might Be Useful to Prevent the Psychiatric Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:615695. [PMID: 33767623 PMCID: PMC7985338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At the time of writing (December 2020), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already caused more than one million deaths worldwide, and therefore, it is imperative to find effective treatments. The “cytokine storm” induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a good target to prevent disease worsening, as indicated by the results obtained with tocilizumab and dexamethasone. SARS-CoV-2 can also invade the brain and cause neuro-inflammation with dramatic neurological manifestations, such as viral encephalitis. This could lead to potentially incapacitating long-term consequences, such as the development of psychiatric disorders, as previously observed with SARS-CoV. Several pathways/mechanisms could explain the link between viral infection and development of psychiatric diseases, especially neuro-inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is important to find molecules with anti-inflammatory properties that penetrate easily into the brain. For instance, some antidepressants have anti-inflammatory action and pass easily through the blood brain barrier. Among them, clomipramine has shown very strong anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, in vivo (animal models) and human studies, especially in the brain. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential application of clomipramine to prevent post-infectious mental complications. Repositioning and testing antidepressants for COVID-19 management could help to reduce peripheral and especially central inflammation and to prevent the acute and particularly the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nobile
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - M Durand
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infection, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS; CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - S Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - J P Molès
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infection, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS; CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Haffen
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Université de Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
| | - P Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
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6
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Raj S, Ghosh D, Singh T, Verma SK, Arya YK. Theoretical Mapping of Suicidal Risk Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:589614. [PMID: 33551864 PMCID: PMC7862110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide prevention in times of COVID-19 pandemic has become more challenging than ever due to unusual circumstances. The common risk factors identified with regard to suicidal behavior are fear of COVID-19, economic instability, poor access to healthcare facilities, pre-existing psychiatric disorders, and social disconnect. The studies done so far have reported either case studies or have made an effort to understand the risk factors. An understanding of the underlying causal pattern from existing theories, behind these risks, will enable adopting appropriate prevention mechanisms. Hence, this review examines evidence related to risk factors of suicides that occurred during COVID 19 and discusses it in the light of three major theoretical approaches: interpersonal model, stress diathesis model, and cognitive model. The insights obtained from the three viewpoints reveal that perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, stress sensitivity, cognitive errors such as magnification, catastrophic thinking, arbitrary inference, and mind-reading are likely reasons behind these risk factors for suicide. It is suggested that awareness regarding COVID-19 stressors, use of community-based approaches like gatekeeper training, and brief online psychotherapy by using techniques of mindfulness, interpersonal psychotherapy, and cognitive behavior therapy can be useful in reducing suicide risk during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Raj
- Department of Psychology, Ramdayalu Singh College (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University), Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Debasruti Ghosh
- Department of Psychology, Mahant Darshan Das Mahila College (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University), Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Tushar Singh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil K. Verma
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh K. Arya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to analyze COVID-19 effect on the biological features of suicidal vulnerability and its interaction with suicide-related biological pathways. We carried out a narrative review of international publications on the interactions of COVID-19 with the biological bases of suicide. RECENT FINDINGS We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 interacts with multiple biological processes that underlie suicidal behavior, such as the renin-angiotensin system, nicotinic receptors, and central and systemic inflammation. Social distancing measures may also worsen subjective or objective social disconnection, thus increasing the risk of suicide. Interestingly, the drugs used to prevent suicide could be promising options to counteract brain damage caused by this coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with multiple biological pathways involved in suicide and opens a new window for understanding the suicidal process. The development of suicide prevention treatments in the context of a pandemic may benefit from knowledge on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Conejero
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - B Nobile
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Olié
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Ph Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
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Hao F, Tam W, Hu X, Tan W, Jiang L, Jiang X, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zou Y, Hu Y, Luo X, McIntyre RS, Quek T, Tran BX, Zhang Z, Pham HQ, Ho CSH, Ho RC. A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:355. [PMID: 33077738 PMCID: PMC7570419 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who received treatment in hospital isolation wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten COVID-19 patients who received treatment in various hospitals in Chongqing, China; 10 age- and gender-matched psychiatric patients; and 10 healthy control participants residing in the same city were recruited. All participants completed a survey that collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days and psychological parameters. Face-to-face interviews with COVID-19 patients were also performed using semi-structured questions. Among the COVID-19 patients, 40% had abnormal findings on the chest computed topography scan, 20% had dysosmia, 10% had dysgeusia, and 80% had repeated positivity on COVID-19 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients were significantly more worried about their health than healthy controls (p = 0.019). A greater proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced impulsivity (p = 0.016) and insomnia (p = 0.039) than psychiatric patients and healthy controls. COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients had higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than healthy controls. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients' mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). The future direction in COVID-19 management involves the development of a holistic inpatient service to promote immune and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Hao
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Wilson Tam
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- grid.452206.7First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqiu Tan
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiang Jiang
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinling Zhao
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiran Zou
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirong Hu
- grid.440187.eThe First People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- grid.414048.d0000 0004 1799 2720Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Travis Quek
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- grid.56046.310000 0004 0642 8489Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 China
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam ,grid.444918.40000 0004 1794 7022Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore ,grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C.M. Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077 Singapore
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Kar SK, Verma P, Verma SK, Saxena SK. Mental illnesses among COVID-19 patients: Possible immunological underpinnings. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102376. [PMID: 32882669 PMCID: PMC7450923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India.
| | - Parul Verma
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprosy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India.
| | - Sudhir Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India.
| | - Shailendra Kumar Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India.
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Doppalapudi L, Lippmann S. Psychiatric Morbidities among COVID-19 Survivors. South Med J 2020; 113:466-467. [PMID: 32885268 PMCID: PMC8055099 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nami M, Gadad BS, Chong L, Ghumman U, Misra A, Gadad SS, Kumar D, Perry G, Abraham SJK, Rao KS. The Interrelation of Neurological and Psychological Symptoms of COVID-19: Risks and Remedies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082624. [PMID: 32823540 PMCID: PMC7464612 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has catastrophically affected the world’s panoramic view of human well-being in terms of healthcare and management. With the increase in the number of cases worldwide, neurological symptoms and psychological illnesses from COVID-19 have increasingly upsurged. Mental health illness and affective disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, phobia, and panic disorders, are highly impacted due to social distress. The COVID-19 pandemic not only affected people with pre-existing mental and affective illnesses, but also healthy individuals with anxiety, worrying, and panic symptoms, and fear conditioning. In addditon, the novel coronavirus is known to impact the central nervous system in the brain, resulting in severe and certain long-lasting neurological issues. Owing to the significance of neurological and psychological events, the present perspective has been an attempt to disseminate the impact of COVID-19 on neural injury through inflammation, and its interrelation with psychological symptoms. In this current review, we synthesize the literature to highlight the critical associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the nervous system, and mental health illness, and discuss potential mechanisms of neural injury through psycho-neuroimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nami
- Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge 084301103, Panama
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
- Dana Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz 71364-76172, Iran
- Academy of Health, Senses Cultural Foundation, Sacramento, CA 66006, USA
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Pardis, Tehran 1658344575, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (B.S.G.); (K.S.R.)
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (B.S.G.); (K.S.R.)
| | - Li Chong
- Beijing Zhongke Jianlan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China;
- Zhongke Jianlan International Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3000-3999, Australia
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Usman Ghumman
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Amogh Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | | | - George Perry
- Semmes Foundation Distinguished University Chair in Neurobiology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | | | - K. S. Rao
- Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge 084301103, Panama
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (B.S.G.); (K.S.R.)
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Subramaney U, Kim AW, Chetty I, Chetty S, Jayrajh P, Govender M, Maharaj P, Pak E. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Psychiatric Sequelae in South Africa: Anxiety and Beyond. WITS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 2:115-122. [PMID: 34056576 PMCID: PMC8162198 DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2n2a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the health sector nationwide and internationally. Across all disciplines, unique and novel modes of presentation with substantial morbidity and mortality are being encountered, and growing evidence suggests that psychiatric comorbidity is likely among COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVE This article aims to broaden the current discussion on the psychiatric sequalae of COVID-19, which has largely focused on anxiety, and examine the recently documented psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 infection, the secondary effects of the pandemic on public mental health, and future psychiatric conditions that may arise due to COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an in-depth review of the current global psychiatric literature and describe the wide range of psychopathological presentations reported among past COVID-19 patients worldwide and those that are expected to emerge. RESULTS Current discussions in the psychiatric literature on COVID-19 report anxiety and anxiety disorders as a predominant set of clinical presentations during the pandemic. The impacts of direct COVID-19 infection, associated psychopathological sequelae, and drastic lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, are associated with a broad range of psychopathologies and other neuropsychiatric presentations. Pre-existing societal conditions and burdens on the health system in South Africa prompt healthcare providers and public health planners to accordingly prepare for the expected rise in new psychiatric presentations. CONCLUSION Greater awareness of the various psychiatric conditions attributed to COVID-19 infection may allow for earlier screening, more effective treatment, and greater positive health outcomes and better prepare health systems to address the growing pandemic in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugasvaree Subramaney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Indhrin Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Shren Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Preethi Jayrajh
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Mallorie Govender
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - Pralene Maharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
| | - EungSok Pak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Area 459, Charlotte Maxexe Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, Po Box 10411, Vorna Valley 1686, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel: (011)7172712 082822 4530, Fax (011) 7172423
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