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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Garcés-Ramírez L, Martínez-Vásquez E, Nakakawa A, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ, Flores G. Differential Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion on Behavior and Corticolimbic Plasticity in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:959-979. [PMID: 38157113 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the corticolimbic system, particularly at the dendritic spine level, is a recognized core mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) in Sprague-Dawley rats induces both a schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotype and dendritic spine pathology (reduced total number and mature spines) in corticolimbic areas, which is mitigated by antipsychotics. However, there is limited information on the impact of rat strain on NVHL outcomes and antipsychotic effects. We compared the behavioral performance in the open field, novel object recognition (NORT), and social interaction tests, as well as structural neuroplasticity with the Golgi-Cox stain in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) male rats with and without NVHL. Additionally, we explored the effect of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RISP). WKY rats with NVHL displayed motor hyperactivity without impairments in memory and social behavior, accompanied by dendritic spine pathology in the neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3 and basolateral amygdala. RISP treatment reduced motor activity and had subtle and selective effects on the neuroplasticity alterations. In SH rats, NVHL increased the time spent in the border area during the open field test, impaired the short-term performance in NORT, and reduced social interaction time, deficits that were corrected after RISP administration. The NVHL caused dendritic spine pathology in the PFC layers 3 and 5 of SH rats, which RISP treatment ameliorated. Our results support the utility of the NVHL model for exploring neuroplasticity mechanisms in schizophrenia and understanding pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edwin Martínez-Vásquez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrea Nakakawa
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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2
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Sabaroedin K, Tiego J, Fornito A. Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding Corticostriatothalamic Dysfunction Across the Psychosis Continuum. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:113-124. [PMID: 36253195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms, but the mechanisms driving dopaminergic dysfunction in psychosis remain unclear. Considerable attention has focused on the role of corticostriatothalamic (CST) circuits, given that they regulate and are modulated by the activity of dopaminergic cells in the midbrain. Preclinical studies have proposed multiple models of CST dysfunction in psychosis, each prioritizing different brain regions and pathophysiological mechanisms. A particular challenge is that CST circuits have undergone considerable evolutionary modification across mammals, complicating comparisons across species. Here, we consider preclinical models of CST dysfunction in psychosis and evaluate the degree to which they are supported by evidence from human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies conducted across the psychosis continuum, ranging from subclinical schizotypy to established schizophrenia. In partial support of some preclinical models, human studies indicate that dorsal CST and hippocampal-striatal functional dysconnectivity are apparent across the psychosis spectrum and may represent a vulnerability marker for psychosis. In contrast, midbrain dysfunction may emerge when symptoms warrant clinical assistance and may thus be a trigger for illness onset. The major difference between clinical and preclinical findings is the strong involvement of the dorsal CST in the former, consistent with an increasing prominence of this circuitry in the primate brain. We close by underscoring the need for high-resolution characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity in psychosis to develop a refined understanding of how the dysfunction of specific circuit elements gives rise to distinct symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabaroedin
- Departments of Radiology and Paediatrics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Cooper TL, Thompson JJ, Turner SM, Watson C, Lubke KN, Logan CN, Maurer AP, Burke SN. Unilateral Perforant Path Transection Does Not Alter Lateral Entorhinal Cortical or Hippocampal CA3 Arc Expression. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:920713. [PMID: 35844245 PMCID: PMC9279555 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.920713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that degradation of perforant path fibers is associated with age-related cognitive dysfunction and CA3 hyperactivity. Whether this fiber loss triggers a cascade of other functional changes within the hippocampus circuit has not been causatively established, however. Thus, the current study evaluated the effect of perforant path fiber loss on neuronal activity in CA3 and layer II of the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) in relation to mnemonic similarity task performance. Expression of the immediate early gene Arc was quantified in rats that received a unilateral right hemisphere transection of the perforant path or sham surgery that cut the cortex but left the fibers intact. Behavior-related expression of Arc mRNA was measured to test the hypothesis that fiber loss leads to elevated activation of CA3 and LEC neurons, as previously observed in aged rats that were impaired on the mnemonic similarity task. Transection of perforant path fibers, which has previously been shown to lead to a decline in mnemonic similarity task performance, did not alter Arc expression. Arc expression in CA3, however, was correlated with task performance on the more difficult discrimination trials across both surgical groups. These observations further support a link between CA3 activity and mnemonic similarity task performance but suggest the reduced input from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus, as observed in old age, does not causatively elevate CA3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Cooper
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John J. Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sean M. Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cory Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn N. Lubke
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carly N. Logan
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew P. Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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4
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Sullivan EDK, Locke LN, Wallin DJ, Khokhar JY, Bragg EM, Henricks AM, Doucette WT. The Impact of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure on Nicotine Behavioral Sensitization in the Adult Male Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion Rat. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:760791. [PMID: 34858148 PMCID: PMC8632551 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.760791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol use is highly prevalent among patients with serious mental illness, including those with schizophrenia (SCZ), and this co-occurrence can lead to a worsening of medical and psychiatric morbidity. While the mechanistic drivers of co-occurring SCZ, nicotine use and alcohol use are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that the use of drugs during adolescence may increase the probability of developing psychiatric disorders. The current study used the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model of SCZ, which has previously been shown to have enhanced nicotine behavioral sensitization and, following adolescent alcohol, increased alcohol consumption. Given how commonly alcohol is used by adolescents that develop SCZ, we used the NVHL rat to determine how exposure to adolescent alcohol impacts the development of nicotine behavioral sensitization in adulthood. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the NVHL surgery or a sham (control) surgery and subsequently, half of each group was allowed to drink alcohol during adolescence. Nicotine behavioral sensitization was assessed in adulthood with rats receiving subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) each day for 3 weeks followed by a nicotine challenge session 2 weeks later. We demonstrate that all groups of rats became sensitized to nicotine and there were no NVHL-specific increases in nicotine behavioral sensitization. We also found that NVHL rats appeared to develop sensitization to the nicotine paired context and that adolescent alcohol exposure blocked this context sensitization. The current findings suggest that exposure to alcohol during adolescence can influence behaviors that manifest in the adult NVHL rat (i.e., context sensitization). Interestingly, nicotine behavioral sensitization levels were not altered in the NVHL groups regardless of adolescent alcohol exposure in contrast to prior reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D K Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Liam N Locke
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Diana J Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elise M Bragg
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Angela M Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wilder T Doucette
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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5
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Dunn AL, Michie PT, Hodgson DM, Harms L. Adolescent cannabinoid exposure interacts with other risk factors in schizophrenia: A review of the evidence from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:202-220. [PMID: 32610181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many factors and their interaction are linked to the aetiology of schizophrenia, leading to the development of animal models of multiple risk factors and adverse exposures. Differentiating between separate and combined effects for each factor could better elucidate schizophrenia pathology, and drive development of preventative strategies for high-load risk factors. An epidemiologically valid risk factor commonly associated with schizophrenia is adolescent cannabis use. The aim of this review is to evaluate how early-life adversity from various origins, in combination with adolescent cannabinoid exposure interact, and whether these interactions confer main, synergistic or protective effects in animal models of schizophrenia-like behavioural, cognitive and morphological alterations. Patterns emerge regarding which models show consistent synergistic or protective effects, particularly those models incorporating early-life exposure to maternal deprivation and maternal immune activation, and sex-specific effects are observed. It is evident that more research needs to be conducted to better understand the risks and alterations of interacting factors, with particular interest in sex differences, to better understand the translatability of these preclinical models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Dunn
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Lauren Harms
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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6
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Yabuki Y, Wu L, Fukunaga K. Cognitive enhancer ST101 improves schizophrenia-like behaviors in neonatal ventral hippocampus-lesioned rats in association with improved CaMKII/PKC pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:263-272. [PMID: 31474557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics improve positive and negative symptoms but are not effective for treating cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. We previously reported that cognitive impairments in neonatal ventral hippocampus (NVH)-lesioned rats show resistance to atypical antipsychotics risperidone and are associated with reduced calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling in memory-related regions. The cognitive enhancer ST101 (spiro[imi-dazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,2-indan]-2(3H)-one) stimulates CaMKII activity in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We thus tested ST101 on cognitive impairments in NVH-lesioned rats. Chronic ST101 administration (0.1 and/or 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), social interaction, and cognitive function in NVH-lesioned rats. ST101 administration (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly restored the decreased CaMKII autophosphorylation (Thr-286) in the mPFC and hippocampal CA1 regions of NVH-lesioned rats when assessed by immunohistochemistry. Chronic ST101 administration (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) improved the decline in phosphorylation levels of CaMKII (Thr-286), PKCα (Ser-657), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazol- propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluA1: Ser-831), and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1 (GluN1: Ser-896) in the mPFC and hippocampal CA1 regions. Taken together, these results suggest that ST101 improves schizophrenia-like behaviors and cognitive impairment by enhancing CaMKII/PKCα signaling in the mPFC and hippocampus in NVH-lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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7
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Wickens MM, Bangasser DA, Briand LA. Sex Differences in Psychiatric Disease: A Focus on the Glutamate System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:197. [PMID: 29922129 PMCID: PMC5996114 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, are implicated in several psychiatric diseases. Many of these psychiatric diseases display epidemiological sex differences, with either males or females exhibiting different symptoms or disease prevalence. However, little work has considered the interaction of disrupted glutamatergic transmission and sex on disease states. This review describes the clinical and preclinical evidence for these sex differences with a focus on two conditions that are more prevalent in women: Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder, and three conditions that are more prevalent in men: schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These studies reveal sex differences at multiple levels in the glutamate system including metabolic markers, receptor levels, genetic interactions, and therapeutic responses to glutamatergic drugs. Our survey of the current literature revealed a considerable need for more evaluations of sex differences in future studies examining the role of the glutamate system in psychiatric disease. Gaining a more thorough understanding of how sex differences in the glutamate system contribute to psychiatric disease could provide novel avenues for the development of sex-specific pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wickens
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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8
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Rosenfeld CS. Sex-dependent differences in voluntary physical activity. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:279-290. [PMID: 27870424 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numbers of overweight and obese individuals are increasing in the United States and globally, and, correspondingly, the associated health care costs are rising dramatically. More than one-third of children are currently considered obese with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes, and it is likely that their metabolic conditions will worsen with age. Physical inactivity has also risen to be the leading cause of many chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Children are more physically inactive now than they were in past decades, which may be due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In rodents, the amount of time engaged in spontaneous activity within the home cage is a strong predictor of later adiposity and weight gain. Thus, it is important to understand primary motivators stimulating physical activity (PA). There are normal sex differences in PA levels in rodents and humans. The perinatal environment can induce sex-dependent differences in PA disturbances. This Review considers the current evidence for sex differences in PA in rodents and humans. The rodent studies showing that early exposure to environmental chemicals can shape later adult PA responses are discussed. Next, whether there are different motivators stimulating exercise in male vs. female humans are examined. Finally, the brain regions, genes, and pathways that modulate PA in rodents, and possibly by translation in humans, are described. A better understanding of why each sex remains physically active through the life span could open new avenues for preventing and treating obesity in children and adults. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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9
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A systematic review comparing sex differences in cognitive function in schizophrenia and in rodent models for schizophrenia, implications for improved therapeutic strategies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:979-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Mattei D, Schweibold R, Wolf SA. Brain in flames - animal models of psychosis: utility and limitations. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1313-29. [PMID: 26064050 PMCID: PMC4455860 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that schizophrenia is a psychopathological condition resulting from aberrations in neurodevelopmental processes caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors which proceed long before the onset of clinical symptoms. Many studies discuss an immunological component in the onset and progression of schizophrenia. We here review studies utilizing animal models of schizophrenia with manipulations of genetic, pharmacologic, and immunological origin. We focus on the immunological component to bridge the studies in terms of evaluation and treatment options of negative, positive, and cognitive symptoms. Throughout the review we link certain aspects of each model to the situation in human schizophrenic patients. In conclusion we suggest a combination of existing models to better represent the human situation. Moreover, we emphasize that animal models represent defined single or multiple symptoms or hallmarks of a given disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mattei
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Schweibold
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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11
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O'Reilly KC, Kao HY, Lee H, Fenton AA. Converging on a core cognitive deficit: the impact of various neurodevelopmental insults on cognitive control. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:153. [PMID: 24966811 PMCID: PMC4052340 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial effort and immense need, the treatment options for major neuropsychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia are limited and largely ineffective at improving the most debilitating cognitive symptoms that are central to mental illness. These symptoms include cognitive control deficits, the inability to selectively use information that is currently relevant and ignore what is currently irrelevant. Contemporary attempts to accelerate progress are in part founded on an effort to reconceptualize neuropsychiatric illness as a disorder of neural development. This neuro-developmental framework emphasizes abnormal neural circuits on the one hand, and on the other, it suggests there are therapeutic opportunities to exploit the developmental processes of excitatory neuron pruning, inhibitory neuron proliferation, elaboration of myelination, and other circuit refinements that extend through adolescence and into early adulthood. We have crafted a preclinical research program aimed at cognition failures that may be relevant to mental illness. By working with a variety of neurodevelopmental rodent models, we strive to identify a common pathophysiology that underlies cognitive control failure as well as a common strategy for improving cognition in the face of neural circuit abnormalities. Here we review our work to characterize cognitive control deficits in rats with a neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion and rats that were exposed to Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) in utero. We review our findings as they pertain to early developmental processes, including neurogenesis, as well as the power of cognitive experience to refine neural circuit function within the mature and maturing brain's cognitive circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kally C O'Reilly
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Kao
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Heekyung Lee
- Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - André A Fenton
- Neurobiology of Cognition Laboratory, Center for Neural Science, New York University New York, NY, USA ; The Robert F. Furchgott Center in Neural and Behavioral Science, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York Brooklyn, NY, USA
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12
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Gallo A, Bouchard C, Rompré PP. Animals with a schizophrenia-like phenotype are differentially sensitive to the motivational effects of cannabinoid agonists in conditioned place preference. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:202-12. [PMID: 24755307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide, but among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, this consumption is higher suggesting that they are differentially sensitive to cannabis. We chose to study this problematic using a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: neonatal ventral hippocampus lesions (NVHL). In a first study, we compared the locomotor response to novelty, a mild stress and two doses of amphetamine (0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg) in sham and NVHL rats at post-natal day 35 (PD35) or 56 (PD56). In a second study, we investigated the valence of the motivational effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinnol (THC, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 (WIN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), using the conditioned place preference paradigm; we used a biased procedure that comprised 12 days of testing with 3 paired-conditioning. The effects of this dose of WIN were also measured on locomotor activity. Results confirmed that the adult NVHL animals displayed a stronger locomotor response to the two doses of amphetamine, but not to novelty and a mild stress. In adult NVHL, but not sham animals, WIN stimulated locomotor activity and produced a conditioned place aversion. At the dose tested, THC tended to produce an aversion in adult sham but not NVHL animals. Taken together these findings show that adult animals with a schizophrenia-like phenotype are differentially sensitive to the motivational effect of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Faculté de médicine, Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - C Bouchard
- Faculté de médecine, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - P-P Rompré
- Faculté de médecine, Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; FRQ-S Research Center in Behavioural Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Sandner G, Angst MJ, Guiberteau T, Guignard B, Nehlig A. Effects of caffeine or RX821002 in rats with a neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:15. [PMID: 24478661 PMCID: PMC3904090 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats with a neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) are used to model schizophrenia. They show enhanced locomotion and difficulties in learning after puberty. Such behavioral modifications are strengthened by dopaminergic psychostimulant drugs, which is also relevant for schizophrenia because illustrating its dopaminergic facet. But it remains questionable that only dopaminergic drugs elicit such effects. The behavioral effects could simply represent a non specific arousal, in which case NVHL rats should also be hyper-responsive to other vigilance enhancing drugs. We administered an adenosine (caffeine) or an adrenaline receptor antagonist, (RX821002) at doses documented to modify alertness of rats, respectively 5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. Rats were selected prior to the experiments using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each group contained typical and similar NVHL lesions. They were compared to sham lesioned rats. We evaluated locomotion in a new environment and the capacity to remember a visual or acoustic cue that announced the occurrence of food. Both caffeine and RX82100 enhanced locomotion in the novel environment, particularly in NVHL rats. But, RX82100 had a biphasic effect on locomotion, consisting of an initial reduction preceding the enhancement. It was independent of the lesion. Caffeine did not modify the learning performance of NVHL rats. But, RX821002 was found to facilitate learning. Patients tend to intake much more caffeine than healthy people, which has been interpreted as a means to counter some cognitive deficits. This idea was not validated with the present results. But adrenergic drugs could be helpful for attenuating some of their cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sandner
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, U1114 INSERM Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Josée Angst
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, U1114 INSERM Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Guiberteau
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7237 CNRS/UdS Strasbourg, France
| | - Blandine Guignard
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7237 CNRS/UdS Strasbourg, France
| | - Astrid Nehlig
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, U663 INSERM Strasbourg, France
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Miyamoto Y, Nitta A. Behavioral Phenotypes for Negative Symptoms in Animal Models of Schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:310-20. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r02cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Castellano O, Arji M, Sancho C, Carro J, Riolobos AS, Molina V, Gómez-Nieto R, de Anchieta de Castro E Horta J, Herrero-Turrión MJ, López DE. Chronic administration of risperidone in a rat model of schizophrenia: a behavioural, morphological and molecular study. Behav Brain Res 2013; 242:178-90. [PMID: 23291154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we analyzed the effect of the chronic administration of risperidone (2mg/kg over 65 days) on behavioural, morphological and molecular aspects in an experimental model of schizophrenia obtained by bilateral injection of ibotenic acid into the ventral hippocampus of new-born rats. Our results show that during their adult lives the animals with hippocampal lesions exhibit different alterations, mainly at behavioural level and in the gene expression of dopamine D(2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. However, at morphological level the study performed on the prefrontal cortex did not reveal any alterations in either the thickness or the number of cells immunoreactive for c-Fos, GFAP, CBP or PV. Overall, risperidone administration elicited a trend towards the recovery of the values previously altered by the hippocampal lesion, approaching the values seen in the animals without lesions. It may be concluded that the administration of risperidone in the schizophrenia model employed helps to improve the altered functions, with no significant negative effects.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage
- Avoidance Learning/drug effects
- Avoidance Learning/physiology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Exploratory Behavior/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Grooming/drug effects
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/physiology
- Ibotenic Acid/toxicity
- Male
- Parvalbumins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Risperidone/administration & dosage
- Schizophrenia/chemically induced
- Schizophrenia/drug therapy
- Schizophrenia/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- O Castellano
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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16
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Bhardwaj SK, Forcelli PA, Palchik G, Gale K, Srivastava LK, Kondratyev A. Neonatal exposure to phenobarbital potentiates schizophrenia-like behavioral outcomes in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2337-45. [PMID: 22366076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated an association between seizures early in life and increased risk of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, because early-life seizures are commonly treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as phenobarbital, the possibility that drug treatment may affect later-life psychiatric outcomes needs to be evaluated. We therefore tested the hypothesis that phenobarbital exposure in the neonatal rat increases the risk of schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of a single acute neonatal exposure to phenobarbital on adult behavioral outcomes in the rat neonatal ventral hippocampal (nVH) lesion model of schizophrenia. We compared these outcomes to those in rats a) without nVH lesions and b) with nVH lesions, without phenobarbital. The tasks used for behavioral evaluation were: amphetamine-induced locomotion, prepulse inhibition, elevated plus-maze, and novel object recognition task. We found that neonatal phenobarbital treatment (in the absence of nVH lesions) was sufficient to disrupt sensorimotor gating (as tested by prepulse inhibition) in adulthood to an extent equivalent to nVH lesions. Additionally, neonatal phenobarbital exposure enhanced the locomotor response to amphetamine in adult animals with and without nVH lesions. Our findings suggest that neonatal exposure to phenobarbital can predispose to schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities. Our findings underscore the importance of examining AED exposure early in life as a potential risk factor for later-life neuropsychiatric abnormalities in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhardwaj
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Lecourtier L, Antal MC, Cosquer B, Schumacher A, Samama B, Angst MJ, Ferrandon A, Koning E, Cassel JC, Nehlig A. Intact neurobehavioral development and dramatic impairments of procedural-like memory following neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 207:110-23. [PMID: 22322113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) in rats are considered a potent developmental model of schizophrenia. After NVHL, rats appear normal during their preadolescent time, whereas in early adulthood, they develop behavioral deficits paralleling symptomatic aspects of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, hypersensitivity to amphetamine (AMPH), prepulse and latent inhibition deficits, reduced social interactions, and spatial working and reference memory alterations. Surprisingly, the question of the consequences of NVHL on postnatal neurobehavioral development has not been addressed. This is of particular importance, as a defective neurobehavioral development could contribute to impairments seen in adult rats. Therefore, at several time points of the early postsurgical life of NVHL rats, we assessed behaviors accounting for neurobehavioral development, including negative geotaxis and grip strength (PD11), locomotor coordination (PD21), and open-field (PD25). At adulthood, the rats were tested for anxiety levels, locomotor activity, as well as spatial reference memory performance. Using a novel task, we also investigated the consequences of the lesions on procedural-like memory, which had never been tested following NVHL. Our results point to preserved neurobehavioral development. They also confirm the already documented locomotor hyperactivity, spatial reference memory impairment, and hyperresponsiveness to AMPH. Finally, our rseults show for the first time that NVHL disabled the development of behavioral routines, suggesting dramatic procedural memory deficits. The presence of procedural memory deficits in adult rats subjected to NHVL suggests that the lesions lead to a wider range of cognitive deficits than previously shown. Interestingly, procedural or implicit memory impairments have also been reported in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecourtier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR, 7237 Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Heuer E, Bachevalier J. Neonatal hippocampal lesions in rhesus macaques alter the monitoring, but not maintenance, of information in working memory. Behav Neurosci 2011; 125:859-70. [PMID: 21928873 PMCID: PMC3226899 DOI: 10.1037/a0025541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hippocampal damage in rodents impairs medial prefrontal working memory functions. To examine whether similar impairment will follow the same damage in primates, adult monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions and sham-operated controls were trained on two working memory tasks. The session-unique delayed nonmatch-to-sample (SU-DNMS) task measures maintenance of information in working memory mediated by the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. The object self-ordered (Obj-SO) task measures monitoring of information in working memory mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Adult monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions performed as well as sham-operated controls on the SU-DNMS task at either the 5- or 30-s delays but were severely impaired on the Obj-SO task. These results extend the earlier findings in rodents by demonstrating that early lesions of the hippocampus in monkeys impair working memory processes known to require the integrity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while sparing lower order working memory processes such as recency. Although the present results suggest that the lack of functional hippocampal inputs may have altered the maturation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, future studies will be needed to determine whether the nature of the observed working memory deficit is due to an absence of the hippocampus, a maldevelopment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Heuer
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jocelyne Bachevalier
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Psychology Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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19
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Yin HS, Tien TW, Li L, Yang YH, Lai CC. Amphetamine differentially modifies the expression of monoaminergic and GABAergic synaptic boutons and processes in lateral habenula, dorsal and ventral hippocampal formation. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:235-45. [PMID: 22001174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The habenular complex is thought to be associated with cognitive functions and indirectly connected with the hippocampal formation (HF). Thus the responses of the monoaminergic and GABAergic neurons were examined in both structures to the psychostimulant, amphetamine (Amph). Immunocytochemical analysis was performed on brain sections prepared from adult mice treated with a single or multiple (2 doses/day, 7 doses in total) injections of saline or Amph, 5mg/kg. The synaptic boutons were verified by immuno-electron microscopy specific for parvalbumin (PV), glutamic acid decarboxylase(67) (GAD(67)), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) or dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). In the lateral part of the lateral habenula (LHb), at 4h post-acute Amph, the densities of PV-positive boutons/processes and DBH-boutons were decreased by approximate 75% and 72% respectively, compared with corresponding saline-controls; however, at 4h post-repeated Amph exposure, PV was increased by 244%, and DBH unaltered. In the dorsal HF (DHF), at 4h post-repeated Amph exposure, GAD(67)-boutons and PV resembled controls in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers, whereas in the granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (DG), PV was increased by 112%, and GAD(67) unchanged. As shown by biochemical methods, at 4h post-repeated Amph, the decreased level of DHF GABA probably correlates with the immunocytochemical changes. In the ventral HF (VHF), at 4h post-repeated Amph treatment, PV and the enzymes of CA1 and DG were unaltered, while CA3 PV was decreased by 63%, and AADC-boutons increased 55%. Double immuno-electron microscopy revealed synaptic contacts between PV and GAD(67) containing presynaptic or postsynaptic elements, and between PV or GAD(67) and DBH or AADC. This ultrastructural evidence may support the functional significance of the Amph-induced differential changes, which could reflect Amph toxicity and distinct characteristics of the LHb, DHF and VHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Shu Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Jones CA, Watson DJG, Fone KCF. Animal models of schizophrenia. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 164:1162-94. [PMID: 21449915 PMCID: PMC3229756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing reliable, predictive animal models for complex psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, is essential to increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the disorder and for the development of novel drugs with improved therapeutic efficacy. All available animal models of schizophrenia fit into four different induction categories: developmental, drug-induced, lesion or genetic manipulation, and the best characterized examples of each type are reviewed herein. Most rodent models have behavioural phenotype changes that resemble 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia, probably reflecting altered mesolimbic dopamine function, but fewer models also show altered social interaction, and learning and memory impairment, analogous to negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia respectively. The negative and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are resistant to treatment with current antipsychotics, even after remission of the psychosis, which limits their therapeutic efficacy. The MATRICS initiative developed a consensus on the core cognitive deficits of schizophrenic patients, and recommended a standardized test battery to evaluate them. More recently, work has begun to identify specific rodent behavioural tasks with translational relevance to specific cognitive domains affected in schizophrenia, and where available this review focuses on reporting the effect of current and potential antipsychotics on these tasks. The review also highlights the need to develop more comprehensive animal models that more adequately replicate deficits in negative and cognitive symptoms. Increasing information on the neurochemical and structural CNS changes accompanying each model will also help assess treatments that prevent the development of schizophrenia rather than treating the symptoms, another pivotal change required to enable new more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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21
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Accurate performance of a rat model of schizophrenia in the water maze depends on visual cue availability and stability: A distortion in cognitive mapping abilities? Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Turgeon SM, Kim D, Pritchard M, Salgado S, Thaler A. The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and the light-dark exploration test are age dependent, sexually dimorphic, and task dependent. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:191-8. [PMID: 21889525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in our laboratory revealed sexually dimorphic effects of prior exposure to phencyclidine (PCP) on elevated plus maze behavior. In an attempt to examine the developmental time course of this effect and determine the extent to which it generalizes to other anxiety paradigms, young adult (61-64 days old) and adult (96-107 days old) male and female rats were treated with PCP (15 mg/kg) or saline. Following a two week withdrawal period, animals were tested in either the elevated plus maze (EPM) or a light-dark exploration (LD) test. In adults, both tests revealed a sexually dimorphic effect driven by PCP-induced decreases in anxiety in females as indicated by increased time spent in the open arms of the EPM and in the lit compartment of the LD test and increased anxiety in males as indicated by decreased time spent in the lit compartment of the LD. In young animals, PCP pretreatment decreased open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze, indicating increased anxiety. However, PCP increased time spent in the light compartment in the light-dark exploration test, indicating decreased anxiety. Corticosterone levels measured 15 min after the onset of the EPM failed to reveal an association between the behavioral effects of PCP and corticosterone levels. The results in adults substantiate the previously observed sexually dimorphic effect of PCP on elevated plus maze behavior in adults and indicate that the effect generalizes to another anxiety paradigm. The results in the younger animals suggest an age dependent effect of PCP on anxiety in general and indicate that behaviors in the elevated plus maze and the light-dark exploration test reflect dissociable psychobiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Turgeon
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
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23
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Sandner G, Host L, Angst MJ, Guiberteau T, Guignard B, Zwiller J. The HDAC Inhibitor Phenylbutyrate Reverses Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion in Rats. Front Psychiatry 2011; 1:153. [PMID: 21423460 PMCID: PMC3059629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in psychiatric diseases. In this study, we considered rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) that are currently used for modeling neurodevelopmental aspects of schizophrenia. Contribution of epigenetic regulation to the effects of the lesion was investigated, using a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Lesioned or sham-operated rats were treated with the general HDAC inhibitor phenylbutyrate, which was injected daily from the day after surgery until adulthood. Changes in the volume of the lesion were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anxiety was analyzed in the Plus Maze Test. Hypersensitivity of the dopaminergic system was evaluated by measuring the locomotor response to apomorphine. An associative conditioning test rewarded with food was used to evaluate learning abilities. The volume of the lesions expanded long after surgery, independently of the treatment, as assessed by MRI. Removal of the ventral hippocampus reduced anxiety, and this remained unchanged when animals were treated with phenylbutyrate. In contrast, NVHL rats' hypersensitivity to apomorphine and deterioration of the associative learning were reduced by the treatment. Global HDAC activity, which was increased in the prefrontal cortex of lesioned non-treated rats, was found to be reversed by HDAC inhibition. The study provides evidence that chromatin remodeling may be useful for limiting behavioral consequences due to lesioning of the ventral hippocampus at an early age. This represents a novel approach for treating disorders resulting from insults occurring during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sandner
- U666 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Host
- UMR 7237, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Josée Angst
- U666 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Guiberteau
- UMR 7191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Blandine Guignard
- UMR 7191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Jean Zwiller
- UMR 7237, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
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