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Godoy R, Macedo AB, Gervazio KY, Ribeiro LR, Lima JLF, Salvadori MGSS. Effects of ortho-eugenol on anxiety, working memory and oxidative stress in mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271785. [PMID: 37610945 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ortho-eugenol is a synthetic derivative from eugenol, the major compound of clove essential oil, which has demonstrated antidepressant and antinociceptive effects in pioneering studies. Additionally, its effects appear to be dependent on the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Depression and anxiety disorders are known to share a great overlap in their pathophysiology, and many drugs are effective in the treatment of both diseases. Furthermore, high levels of anxiety are related to working memory deficits and increased oxidative stress. Thus, in this study we investigated the effects of acute treatment of ortho-eugenol, at 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, on anxiety, working memory and oxidative stress in male Swiss mice. Our results show that the 100 mg/kg dose increased the number of head-dips and reduced the latency in the hole-board test. The 50 mg/kg dose reduced malondialdehyde levels in the prefrontal cortex and the number of Y-maze entries compared to the MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion group. All doses reduced nitrite levels in the hippocampus. It was also possible to assess a statistical correlation between the reduction of oxidative stress and hyperlocomotion after the administration of ortho-eugenol. However, acute treatment was not able to prevent working memory deficits. Therefore, the present study shows that ortho-eugenol has an anxiolytic and antioxidant effect, and was able to prevent substance-induced hyperlocomotion. Our results contribute to the elucidation of the pharmacological profile of ortho-eugenol, as well as to direct further studies that seek to investigate its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godoy
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A B Macedo
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - K Y Gervazio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L R Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J L F Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M G S S Salvadori
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos Naturais e Sintéticos - PgPNSB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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2
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Chen G, Ma S, Gong Q, Xie X, Wu P, Guo W, Kang L, Li M, Zhang H, Zhou E, Zhang Y, Rong J, Duan H, Jin L, Xu S, Zhang N, Sun S, Li R, Yao L, Xiang D, Bu L, Liu Z. Assessment of brain imaging and cognitive function in a modified rhesus monkey model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114382. [PMID: 36871905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression incurs a huge personal and societal burden, impairing cognitive and social functioning and affecting millions of people worldwide. A better understanding of the biological basis of depression could facilitate the development of new and improved therapies. Rodent models have limitations and do not fully recapitulate human disease, hampering clinical translation. Primate models of depression help to bridge this translational gap and facilitate research into the pathophysiology of depression. Here we optimized a protocol for administering unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to non-human primates and evaluated the influence of UCMS on cognition using the classical Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) method. We used resting-state functional MRI to explore changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in rhesus monkeys. Our work highlights that the UCMS paradigm effectively induces behavioral and neurophysiological (functional MRI) changes in monkeys but without significantly impacting cognition. The UCMS protocol requires further optimization in non-human primates to authentically simulate changes in cognition associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Topgene Xinsheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wenbi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Liuyin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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3
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Nakamura T, Dinh TH, Asai M, Matsumoto J, Nishimaru H, Setogawa T, Honda S, Yamada H, Mihara T, Nishijo H. Suppressive effects of ketamine on auditory steady-state responses in intact, awake macaques: A non-human primate model of schizophrenia. Brain Res Bull 2023; 193:84-94. [PMID: 36539101 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are recurrent neural activities entrained to regular cyclic auditory stimulation. ASSRs are altered in individuals with schizophrenia, and may be related to hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, including ketamine, have been used in ASSR studies of rodent models of schizophrenia. Although animal studies using non-human primates are required to complement rodent studies, the effects of ketamine on ASSRs are unknown in intact awake non-human primates. In this study, after administration of vehicle or ketamine, click trains at 20-83.3 Hz were presented to elicit ASSRs during recording of electroencephalograms in intact, awake macaque monkeys. The results indicated that ASSRs quantified by event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence were maximal at 83.3 Hz after vehicle administration, and that ketamine reduced ASSRs at 58.8 and 83.3 Hz, but not at 20 and 40 Hz. The present results demonstrated a reduction of ASSRs by the NMDA receptor antagonist at optimal frequencies with maximal responses in intact, awake macaques, comparable to ASSR reduction in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that ASSR can be used as a neurophysiological biomarker of the disturbance of gamma-oscillatory neural circuits in this ketamine model of schizophrenia using intact, awake macaques. Thus, this model with ASSRs would be useful in the investigation of human brain pathophysiology as well as in preclinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Trong Ha Dinh
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Department of Physiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Makoto Asai
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sokichi Honda
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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4
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Cheng P, Liu Z, Yang J, Sun F, Fan Z, Yang J. Decreased integration of default-mode network during a working memory task in schizophrenia with severe attention deficits. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1006797. [PMID: 36425664 PMCID: PMC9679280 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1006797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Working memory (WM) and attention deficits are both important features of schizophrenia. WM is closely related to attention, for it acted as an important characteristic in activating and manipulating WM. However, the knowledge of neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between WM and attention deficits in schizophrenia is poorly investigated. Methods Graph theory was used to examine the network topology at the whole-brain and large-scale network levels among 125 schizophrenia patients with different severity of attention deficits (65 mild attention deficits; 46 moderate attention deficits; and 14 severe attention deficits) and 53 healthy controls (HCs) during an N-back WM task. These analyses were repeated in the same participants during the resting state. Results In the WM task, there were omnibus differences in small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient at a whole-brain level and normalized characterized path length of the default-mode network (DMN) among all groups. Post hoc analysis further indicated that all patient groups showed increased small-worldness and normalized clustering coefficient of the whole brain compared with HCs, and schizophrenia with severe attention deficits showed increased normalized characterized path length of the DMN compared with schizophrenia with mild attention deficits and HCs. However, these observations were not persisted under the resting state. Further correlation analyses indicated that the increased normalized characterized path length of the DMN was correlated with more severe attentional deficits and poorer accuracy of the WM task. Conclusion Our research demonstrated that, compared with the schizophrenia patients with less attention deficits, disrupted integration of the DMN may more particularly underlie the WM deficits in schizophrenia patients with severe attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhening Liu,
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Fuping Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zebin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Zebin Fan,
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- Jie Yang,
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5
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Aberrant maturation and connectivity of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia-contribution of NMDA receptor development and hypofunction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:731-743. [PMID: 34163013 PMCID: PMC8695640 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiology of schizophrenia involves multiple facets of pathophysiology, ranging from its genetic basis over changes in neurochemistry and neurophysiology, to the systemic level of neural circuits. Although the precise mechanisms associated with the neuropathophysiology remain elusive, one essential aspect is the aberrant maturation and connectivity of the prefrontal cortex that leads to complex symptoms in various stages of the disease. Here, we focus on how early developmental dysfunction, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) development and hypofunction, may lead to the dysfunction of both local circuitry within the prefrontal cortex and its long-range connectivity. More specifically, we will focus on an "all roads lead to Rome" hypothesis, i.e., how NMDAR hypofunction during development acts as a convergence point and leads to local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) deficits and input-output dysconnectivity in the prefrontal cortex, which eventually induce cognitive and social deficits. Many outstanding questions and hypothetical mechanisms are listed for future investigations of this intriguing hypothesis that may lead to a better understanding of the aberrant maturation and connectivity associated with the prefrontal cortex.
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6
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Neef J, Palacios DS. Progress in mechanistically novel treatments for schizophrenia. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1459-1475. [PMID: 34671731 PMCID: PMC8459322 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia derive their activity mainly by directly modulating the D2 receptor. This mode of action can alleviate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but do not address the negative or cognitive symptoms of the disease and carry a heavy side effect burden that leads to high levels of patient non-compliance. Novel mechanisms to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia with improved tolerability, as well as medicines to treat negative and cognitive symptoms are urgently required. Recent efforts to identify small molecules for schizophrenia with non-D2 mechanisms will be highlighted, with a focus on those that have reached clinical development. Finally, the potential for disease modifying treatments for schizophrenia will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Neef
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel S Palacios
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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7
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Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2816-2838. [PMID: 34358693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Davis-Reyes BD, Smith AE, Xu J, Cunningham KA, Zhou J, Anastasio NC. Subanesthetic ketamine with an AMPAkine attenuates motor impulsivity in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:335-344. [PMID: 33595955 PMCID: PMC8119302 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of 'impulse control' has its roots in early psychiatry and today has progressed into a well-described, although poorly understood, multidimensional endophenotype underlying many neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders). There is mounting evidence suggesting that the cognitive and/or behavioral dimensions underlying impulsivity are driven by dysfunctional glutamate (Glu) neurotransmission via targeted ionotropic Glu receptor (GluR) [e.g., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)] mechanisms and associated synaptic alterations within key brain nodes. Ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist and FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression, induces a 'glutamate burst' that drives resculpting of the synaptic milieu, which lasts for several days to a week. Thus, we hypothesized that single and repeated treatment with a subanesthetic ketamine dose would normalize motor impulsivity. Next, we hypothesized that AMPAR positive allosteric modulation, alone or in combination with ketamine, would attenuate impulsivity and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying GluR dysfunction relevant to motor impulsivity. To measure motor impulsivity, outbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on the one-choice serial reaction time task. Rats pretreated with single or repeated (3 days) administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg; i.p.; 24-h pretreatment) or with the AMPAkine HJC0122 (1 or 10 mg/kg; i.p.; 30-min pretreatment) exhibited lower levels of motor impulsivity vs. control. Combination of single or repeated ketamine plus HJC0122 also attenuated motor impulsivity vs. control. We conclude that ligands designed to promote GluR signaling represent an effective pharmacological approach to normalize impulsivity and subsequently, neuropsychiatric disorders marked by aberrant impulse control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brionna D Davis-Reyes
- Center for Addiction Research and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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9
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Shen M, Lv D, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao C, Chen X, Wang C. Positive Allosteric Modulation of AMPAR by PF-4778574 Produced Rapid Onset Antidepressant Actions in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4438-4451. [PMID: 30566581 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that fast-acting antidepressants enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions via alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the fast-acting antidepressants lead to an activation of AMPAR pathways remain largely unclear. To address this issue, a novel AMPAR positive allosteric agonist, PF-4778574, was used to test the rapid effects and the role of VGF (nonacronymic)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/AKT signaling in these actions in mice. We found that PF-4778574 rapidly alleviated chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, knock down of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in the PFC of mice induced depression-like behaviors, whereas treatment with PF-4778574 was sufficient to alleviate it, indicating a presynaptic VGLUT1 independent effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibitors of AMPAR or of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (L-VDCC) blocked the antidepressants' effect on behaviors and the upregulation on the AMPAR-mediated VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling of PF-4778574. Together, our findings indicate that postsynaptic AMPAR activation followed by activation of L-VDCC and subsequent VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling are required for the rapid antidepressant effects of PF-4778574. Our data support a promising therapeutic profile for PF-4778574 as a new fast-acting antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Shen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiyu Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Lopes-Aguiar C, Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, Esteves IDM, Peixoto-Santos JE, Romcy-Pereira RN, Leite JP. Long-term potentiation prevents ketamine-induced aberrant neurophysiological dynamics in the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex pathway in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7167. [PMID: 32346044 PMCID: PMC7188848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonists such as ketamine (KET) produce psychotic-like behavior in both humans and animal models. NMDAr hypofunction affects normal oscillatory dynamics and synaptic plasticity in key brain regions related to schizophrenia, particularly in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. It has been shown that prior long-term potentiation (LTP) occluded the increase of synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus-prefrontal cortex pathway induced by MK-801, a non-competitive NMDAr antagonist. However, it is not clear whether LTP could also modulate aberrant oscillations and short-term plasticity disruptions induced by NMDAr antagonists. Thus, we tested whether LTP could mitigate the electrophysiological changes promoted by KET. We recorded HPC-PFC local field potentials and evoked responses in urethane anesthetized rats, before and after KET administration, preceded or not by LTP induction. Our results show that KET promotes an aberrant delta-high-gamma cross-frequency coupling in the PFC and an enhancement in HPC-PFC evoked responses. LTP induction prior to KET attenuates changes in synaptic efficiency and prevents the increase in cortical gamma amplitude comodulation. These findings are consistent with evidence that increased efficiency of glutamatergic receptors attenuates cognitive impairment in animal models of psychosis. Therefore, high-frequency stimulation in HPC may be a useful tool to better understand how to prevent NMDAr hypofunction effects on synaptic plasticity and oscillatory coordination in cortico-limbic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Matheus T Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Miranda Esteves
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - João P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
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11
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Ishii T, Stolz JR, Swanson GT. Auxiliary Proteins are the Predominant Determinants of Differential Efficacy of Clinical Candidates Acting as AMPA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:336-350. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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12
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Komatsu M, Ichinohe N. Effects of Ketamine Administration on Auditory Information Processing in the Neocortex of Nonhuman Primates. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32973576 PMCID: PMC7466740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, exerts broad effects on consciousness and perception. Since NMDA receptor antagonists induce cognitive impairments, ketamine has been used for translational research on several psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. Whereas the effects of ketamine on cognitive functions have been extensively studied, studies on the effects of ketamine on simple sensory information processing remain limited. In this study, we investigated the cortex-wide effects of ketamine administration on auditory information processing in nonhuman primates using whole-cortical electrocorticography (ECoG). We first recorded ECoG from awake monkeys on presenting auditory stimuli of different frequencies or different durations. We observed auditory evoked responses (AERs) across the cortex, including in frontal, parietal, and temporal areas, while feature-specific responses were obtained around the temporal sulcus. Next, we examined the effects of ketamine on cortical auditory information processing. We conducted ECoG recordings from monkeys that had been administered anesthetic doses of ketamine from 10 to 180 min following administration. We observed significant changes in stimulus feature-specific responses. Electrodes showing a frequency preference or offset responses were altered following ketamine administration, while those of the AERs were not strongly influenced. However, the frequency preference of a selected electrode was not significantly altered by ketamine administration over time following administration, while the imbalances in the onset and offset persisted over the course of 150 min following ketamine administration in all three monkeys. These results suggest that ketamine affects the ability to distinguish between sound frequency and duration in different ways. In conclusion, future research on the NMDA sensitivity of cortical wide sensory information processing may provide a new perspective into the development of nonhuman primate models of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Komatsu
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Functions, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Functions, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hardouin C, Pin F, Giffard JF, Hervouet Y, Hublet J, Janvier S, Penloup C, Picard J, Pinault N, Schiavi B, Zhang P, Zhao W, Zhu X. Large Scale Synthesis of an Ampakine-type Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Based on a Telescoped Regioselective Double Amidation Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hardouin
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Frédéric Pin
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Jean-François Giffard
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Yvon Hervouet
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Julie Hublet
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Solenn Janvier
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Christine Penloup
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Julien Picard
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Nathalie Pinault
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Bruno Schiavi
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Indus China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Indus China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Indus China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Suzuki A, Tajima Y, Kunugi A, Kimura H. Electrophysiological characterization of a novel AMPA receptor potentiator, TAK-137, in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134488. [PMID: 31518676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have recently discovered an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) potentiator TAK-137, 9-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,1-c][1,2,4] thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide with little agonistic effect. Under preclinical evaluation, TAK-137 demonstrated potent pro-cognitive effects with lower risks of seizure and bell-shaped dose response than LY451646, a potent AMPA-R potentiator, in rodents and monkeys. In this study, using rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons we explored the electrophysiological characterization of TAK-137 on native AMPA-Rs. TAK-137 dose-dependently enhanced AMPA-induced inward currents; its potency in the presence of AMPA was comparable to that of LY451646. The inward currents enhanced by TAK-137 were almost completely inhibited by GYKI53655, a selective AMPA-R blocker. Moreover, TAK-137 did not affect N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated inward currents, which suggests the AMPA-R-selective activation by TAK-137. In the absence of AMPA-R agonist, LY451646 at 30 μM induced slowly developing large inward currents, whereas TAK-137 at 30 μM exhibited a slight impact on baseline holding currents, further supporting the lower agonistic properties of TAK-137 than LY451646. Similar to LY451646, TAK-137 also increased the potency and binding affinity of AMPA for AMPA-Rs. These results indicate that TAK-137 is a highly potent and selective potentiator with little agonistic effect against native AMPA-Rs. Much greater agonistic effects of LY451646 than of TAK-137 may contribute to the increased risks of seizure and bell-shaped dose response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yasukazu Tajima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Kunugi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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15
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Tanaka M, Kunugi A, Suzuki A, Suzuki N, Suzuki M, Kimura H. Preclinical characterization of AMPA receptor potentiator TAK-137 as a therapeutic drug for schizophrenia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00479. [PMID: 31086673 PMCID: PMC6507438 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of the glutamate system may be involved in positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Through enhanced glutamate signaling, the activation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, could be a new therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia. TAK-137 is a novel AMPA receptor potentiator with minimal agonistic activity; in this study, we used rodents and nonhuman primates to assess its potential as a drug for schizophrenia. At 10 mg kg-1 p.o., TAK-137 partially inhibited methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats, and at 3, 10, and 30 mg kg-1 p.o., TAK-137 partially inhibited MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion in mice, suggesting weak effects on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. At 0.1 and 0.3 mg kg-1 p.o., TAK-137 significantly ameliorated MK-801-induced deficits in the social interaction of rats, demonstrating potential improvement of impaired social functioning, which is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. The effects of TAK-137 were evaluated on multiple cognitive domains-attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. TAK-137 enhanced attention in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats at 0.2 mg kg-1 p.o., and improved working memory both in rats and monkeys: 0.2 and 0.6 mg kg-1 p.o. ameliorated MK-801-induced deficits in the radial arm maze test in rats, and 0.1 mg kg-1 p.o. improved the performance of ketamine-treated monkeys in the delayed matching-to-sample task. At 0.1 and 1 mg kg-1 p.o., TAK-137 improved the cognitive flexibility of subchronic phencyclidine-treated rats in the reversal learning test. Thus, TAK-137-type AMPA receptor potentiators with low intrinsic activity may offer new therapies for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Tanaka
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Kunugi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, ResearchTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedFujisawaJapan
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16
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Attenuation of ketamine-induced impairment in verbal learning and memory in healthy volunteers by the AMPA receptor potentiator PF-04958242. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1633-1640. [PMID: 28242871 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to develop treatments for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). The significant role played by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in both the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in neuronal plasticity suggests that facilitation of NMDAR function might ameliorate CIAS. One strategy to correct NMDAR hypofunction is to stimulate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as AMPAR and NMDAR functioning are coupled and interdependent. In rats and nonhuman primates (NHP), AMPAR potentiators reduce spatial working memory deficits caused by the nonselective NMDAR antagonist ketamine. The current study assessed whether the AMPAR potentiator PF-04958242 would attenuate ketamine-induced deficits in verbal learning and memory in humans. Healthy male subjects (n=29) participated in two randomized treatment periods of daily placebo or PF-04958242 for 5 days separated by a washout period. On day 5 of each treatment period, subjects underwent a ketamine infusion for 75 min during which the effects of PF-04958242/placebo were assessed on ketamine-induced: (1) impairments in verbal learning and recall measured by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; (2) impairments in working memory on a CogState battery; and (3) psychotomimetic effects measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale. PF-04958242 significantly reduced ketamine-induced impairments in immediate recall and the 2-Back and spatial working memory tasks (CogState Battery), without significantly attenuating ketamine-induced psychotomimetic effects. There were no pharmacokinetic interactions between PF-04958242 and ketamine. Furthermore, PF-04958242 was well tolerated. 'High-impact' AMPAR potentiators like PF-04958242 may have a role in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms, but not the positive or negative symptoms, associated with schizophrenia. The excellent concordance between the preclinical (rat, NHP) and human studies with PF-04958242, and in silico modeling of AMPAR-NMDAR interactions in the hippocampus, highlights the translational value of this study.
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17
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Shaffer CL. Reverse and Forward Translational Neuropharmacology in Psychiatric Drug Discovery. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:193-195. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Shaffer
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Worldwide Research & Development; Pfizer Inc.; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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18
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Onaolapo OJ, Paul TB, Onaolapo AY. Comparative effects of sertraline, haloperidol or olanzapine treatments on ketamine-induced changes in mouse behaviours. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1475-1489. [PMID: 28508340 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of sertraline, haloperidol or olanzapine administration on ketamine-induced behaviours in mice were examined. The aim was to ascertain the degree of reversal of such behaviours by sertraline, and compare its effectiveness to haloperidol and olanzapine. Ten-week old mice (N = 120) were equally divided into main groups; 1 (open-field, radial-arm maze and elevated plus maze {EPM} tests), and 2 (social interaction test). Mice in each main group were assigned into six groups of ten (n = 10) each. Group 1 received intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of vehicle, while groups 2-6 received i.p ketamine at 15 mg/kg daily for 10 days. From day 11 to 24, mice in group 1 (vehicle) were given distilled water (i.p at 2 ml/kg and oral at 10 ml/kg), group 2 (ketamine control) received daily i.p ketamine and oral distilled water; while animals in groups 3-6 received daily i.p. ketamine and oral haloperidol (4 mg/kg), olanzapine (2 mg/kg), or one of two doses of sertraline (SERT) (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), respectively. Treatments were administered daily, and behaviours assessed on days 11 and 24. Results showed that repeated ketamine administration caused hyperlocomotion, increased self-grooming, memory loss and social withdrawal. Administration of sertraline (both doses), haloperidol, and olanzapine reversed ketamine-induced behavioural changes. However, in the EPM, sertraline and olanzapine were anxiolytic, while haloperidol was anxiogenic. Sertraline's effect on behaviours tested was comparable to olanzapine and better than haloperidol. In conclusion, this study shows that sertraline's ability to counteract ketamine-induced behavioural changes in mice is comparable to known antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - T B Paul
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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19
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Rampino A, Taurisano P, Fanelli G, Attrotto M, Torretta S, Antonucci LA, Miccolis G, Pergola G, Ursini G, Maddalena G, Romano R, Masellis R, Di Carlo P, Pignataro P, Blasi G, Bertolino A. A Polygenic Risk Score of glutamatergic SNPs associated with schizophrenia predicts attentional behavior and related brain activity in healthy humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:928-939. [PMID: 28651857 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple genetic variations impact on risk for schizophrenia. Recent analyses by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC2) identified 128 SNPs genome-wide associated with the disorder. Furthermore, attention and working memory deficits are core features of schizophrenia, are heritable and have been associated with variation in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Based on this evidence, in a sample of healthy volunteers, we used SNPs associated with schizophrenia in PGC2 to construct a Polygenic-Risk-Score (PRS) reflecting the cumulative risk for schizophrenia, along with a Polygenic-Risk-Score including only SNPs related to genes implicated in glutamatergic signaling (Glu-PRS). We performed Factor Analysis for dimension reduction of indices of cognitive performance. Furthermore, both PRS and Glu-PRS were used as predictors of cognitive functioning in the domains of Attention, Speed of Processing and Working Memory. The association of the Glu-PRS on brain activity during the Variable Attention Control (VAC) task was also explored. Finally, in a second independent sample of healthy volunteers we sought to confirm the association between the Glu-PRS and both performance in the domain of Attention and brain activity during the VAC.We found that performance in Speed of Processing and Working Memory was not associated with any of the Polygenic-Risk-Scores. The Glu-PRS, but not the PRS was associated with Attention and brain activity during the VAC. The specific effects of Glu-PRS on Attention and brain activity during the VAC were also confirmed in the replication sample.Our results suggest a pathway specificity in the relationship between genetic risk for schizophrenia, the associated cognitive dysfunction and related brain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Attrotto
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit - Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Antonella Antonucci
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Miccolis
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ursini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giancarlo Maddalena
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit - Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Romano
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Masellis
- Psychiatry Unit - Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit - Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Psychiatry Unit - Bari University Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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20
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5673-5698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey L. Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Forman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John F. Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E. Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J. Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne W. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Shaffer CL, Patel NC, Schwarz J, Scialis RJ, Wei Y, Hou XJ, Xie L, Karki K, Bryce DK, Osgood SM, Hoffmann WE, Lazzaro JT, Chang C, McGinnis DF, Lotarski SM, Liu J, Obach RS, Weber ML, Chen L, Zasadny KR, Seymour PA, Schmidt CJ, Hajós M, Hurst RS, Pandit J, O'Donnell CJ. The discovery and characterization of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor potentiator N-{(3S,4S)-4-[4-(5-cyano-2-thienyl)phenoxy]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}propane-2-sulfonamide (PF-04958242). J Med Chem 2015; 58:4291-308. [PMID: 25905800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A unique tetrahydrofuran ether class of highly potent α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor potentiators has been identified using rational and structure-based drug design. An acyclic lead compound, containing an ether-linked isopropylsulfonamide and biphenyl group, was pharmacologically augmented by converting it to a conformationally constrained tetrahydrofuran to improve key interactions with the human GluA2 ligand-binding domain. Subsequent replacement of the distal phenyl motif with 2-cyanothiophene to enhance its potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability afforded N-{(3S,4S)-4-[4-(5-cyano-2-thienyl)phenoxy]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}propane-2-sulfonamide (PF-04958242, 3), whose preclinical characterization suggests an adequate therapeutic index, aided by low projected human oral pharmacokinetic variability, for clinical studies exploring its ability to attenuate cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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Xu H, Zhang J, Zhou W, Feng Y, Teng S, Song X. The role of miR-124 in modulating hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by ketamine anesthesia. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:213-20. [PMID: 24825585 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.919915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ketamine is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. Recent studies have demonstrated that excessive application of ketamine leads to cortical neurodegeneration in neonatal brains. The present study aims to characterize the functional role of neuronal microRNA, miR-124, in regulating ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to examine the effect of high-dosage ketamine on the expression of miR-124 in murine hippocampus in vitro. Downregulation of hippocampal miR-124 was achieved by lentivirual transfection, and its effects on protecting ketamine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration were examined both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Hippocampal miR-124 was upregulated by ketamine treatment. Knocking down miR-124 in vitro reduced ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 neurons, upregulated AMPA receptors phosphorylation and activated the protein kinase C/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (PKC/ERK) pathway. In the in vivo Morris water maze test, following ketamine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, mice subjected to hippocampal miR-124 inhibition showed improved memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that miR-124 played an important role in regulating ketamine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Inhibiting miR-124 may provide a molecular target to improve memory performance in both human and animals suffering from overanesthetizing-related neurotoxicity.
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Shaffer CL, Osgood SM, Smith DL, Liu J, Trapa PE. Enhancing ketamine translational pharmacology via receptor occupancy normalization. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:174-80. [PMID: 25063581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is used preclinically and clinically to study schizophrenia and depression. Accordingly, it is imperative to understand the temporal relationship between the central concentrations and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) interactions of both ketamine and norketamine, its primary active metabolite, across species to assess the translatability of animal models to humans and the back-translation of clinical observations to the preclinical realm. However, such an interspecies normalization of ketamine and norketamine exposures at different clinical and preclinical doses (and their different routes and regimens) is lacking. This work defines the NMDAR occupancy (RO) time course following single doses of ketamine in rats, nonhuman primates (nhp) and humans to allow direct interspecies comparisons of specific ketamine-mediated pharmacodynamics via RO normalization. Total plasma concentration (Cp)-time profiles of ketamine and norketamine were generated from rats and nhp following a single, memory-impairing dose of ketamine; neuropharmacokinetics were determined in rats. [(3)H]MK-801-displacement studies in rats determined estimated mean (95% confidence interval) unbound plasma concentrations (Cp,u) for ketamine and norketamine producing 50% RO (IC50) of 1420 (990, 2140) nM and 9110 (5870, 13700) nM, respectively. Together, these datasets transformed Cp,u-time data to predicted RO (ROpred)-time profiles for rats, nhp and humans at behaviorally relevant ketamine doses. Subsequently, this approach helped determine an infusion paradigm in rats producing a ROpred-time profile mirroring that for a clinically antidepressant infusion. The described indication-independent methodology allows normalization to RO at any time following any ketamine dose (regardless of route or regimen) in any species by simply quantifying the Cp of ketamine and norketamine. Matching temporal RO relationships in animals and humans should allow direct comparisons of specific ketamine-dependent NMDAR-based pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Shaffer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA; Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Sarah M Osgood
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Deborah L Smith
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - JianHua Liu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Patrick E Trapa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA; Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Subanesthetic ketamine treatment promotes abnormal interactions between neural subsystems and alters the properties of functional brain networks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1786-98. [PMID: 24492765 PMCID: PMC4023152 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute treatment with subanesthetic ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely utilized as a translational model for schizophrenia. However, how acute NMDA receptor blockade impacts on brain functioning at a systems level, to elicit translationally relevant symptomatology and behavioral deficits, has not yet been determined. Here, for the first time, we apply established and recently validated topological measures from network science to brain imaging data gained from ketamine-treated mice to elucidate how acute NMDA receptor blockade impacts on the properties of functional brain networks. We show that the effects of acute ketamine treatment on the global properties of these networks are divergent from those widely reported in schizophrenia. Where acute NMDA receptor blockade promotes hyperconnectivity in functional brain networks, pronounced dysconnectivity is found in schizophrenia. We also show that acute ketamine treatment increases the connectivity and importance of prefrontal and thalamic brain regions in brain networks, a finding also divergent to alterations seen in schizophrenia. In addition, we characterize how ketamine impacts on bipartite functional interactions between neural subsystems. A key feature includes the enhancement of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-neuromodulatory subsystem connectivity in ketamine-treated animals, a finding consistent with the known effects of ketamine on PFC neurotransmitter levels. Overall, our data suggest that, at a systems level, acute ketamine-induced alterations in brain network connectivity do not parallel those seen in chronic schizophrenia. Hence, the mechanisms through which acute ketamine treatment induces translationally relevant symptomatology may differ from those in chronic schizophrenia. Future effort should therefore be dedicated to resolve the conflicting observations between this putative translational model and schizophrenia.
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Patel NC, Schwarz J, Hou XJ, Hoover DJ, Xie L, Fliri AJ, Gallaschun RJ, Lazzaro JT, Bryce DK, Hoffmann WE, Hanks AN, McGinnis D, Marr ES, Gazard JL, Hajós M, Scialis RJ, Hurst RS, Shaffer CL, Pandit J, O’Donnell CJ. Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Dihydroisoxazole Class of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) Receptor Potentiators. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9180-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini C. Patel
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jacob Schwarz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xinjun J. Hou
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dennis J. Hoover
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anton J. Fliri
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Randall J. Gallaschun
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dianne K. Bryce
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William E. Hoffmann
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley N. Hanks
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dina McGinnis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric S. Marr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin L. Gazard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Renato J. Scialis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raymond S. Hurst
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher L. Shaffer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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The effect of ketamine-contaminated control plasma on small-molecule plasma protein binding. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2607-12. [PMID: 24180502 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to macroeconomic factors, the pharmaceutical industry has progressively outsourced larger amounts of its internal research efforts. One such example is the purchase of large volumes of control nonhuman primate (nhp) plasma from external vendors. During the bioanalysis of plasma samples collected during a Cynomolgus monkey PK study with racemic (±) ketamine, it was discovered that the vendor control nhp plasma used for standard curve samples contained ketamine (32 µM). This ketamine concentration correlated to an anesthetic dose of ketamine (10-15 mg/kg, IM), which was not cited in the vendor's plasma harvesting protocol. This study evaluated the effect of ketamine in control nhp plasma on the in vitro-derived unbound plasma fraction of small molecules, which would cause erroneous nhp efficacy and safety values.
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Shaffer CL, Hurst RS, Scialis RJ, Osgood SM, Bryce DK, Hoffmann WE, Lazzaro JT, Hanks AN, Lotarski S, Weber ML, Liu J, Menniti FS, Schmidt CJ, Hajós M. Positive allosteric modulation of AMPA receptors from efficacy to toxicity: the interspecies exposure-response continuum of the novel potentiator PF-4778574. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:212-24. [PMID: 23899905 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) positive allosteric modulation (i.e., "potentiation") has been proposed to overcome cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, but AMPAR overstimulation can be excitotoxic. Thus, it is critical to define carefully a potentiator's mechanism-based therapeutic index (TI) and to determine confidently its translatability from rodents to higher-order species. Accordingly, the novel AMPAR potentiator N-{(3R,4S)-3-[4-(5-cyano-2-thienyl)phenyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl}propane-2-sulfonamide (PF-4778574) was characterized in a series of in vitro assays and single-dose animal studies evaluating AMPAR-mediated activities related to cognition and safety to afford an unbound brain compound concentration (Cb,u)-normalized interspecies exposure-response relationship. Because it is unknown which AMPAR subtype(s) may be selectively potentiated for an optimal TI, PF-4778574 binding affinity and functional potency were determined in rodent tissues expected to express a native mixture of AMPAR subunits and their associated proteins to afford composite pharmacological values. Functional activity was also quantified in recombinant cell lines stably expressing human GluA2 flip or flop homotetramers. Procognitive effects of PF-4778574 were evaluated in both rat electrophysiological and nonhuman primate (nhp) behavioral models of pharmacologically induced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction. Safety studies assessed cerebellum-based AMPAR activation (mouse) and motor coordination disruptions (mouse, dog, and nhp), as well as convulsion (mouse, rat, and dog). The resulting empirically derived exposure-response continuum for PF-4778574 defines a single-dose-based TI of 8- to 16-fold for self-limiting tremor, a readily monitorable clinical adverse event. Importantly, the Cb,u mediating each physiological effect were highly consistent across species, with efficacy and convulsion occurring at just fractions of the in vitro-derived pharmacological values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Shaffer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism (C.L.S., R.J.S., S.M.O., J.L.) and the Neuroscience Research Unit (R.S.H., D.K.B., W.E.H., J.T.L., A.N.H., S.L., M.L.W., F.S.M., C.J.S., M.H.), Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
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Kocsis B, Brown RE, McCarley RW, Hajos M. Impact of ketamine on neuronal network dynamics: translational modeling of schizophrenia-relevant deficits. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:437-47. [PMID: 23611295 PMCID: PMC3663928 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subanesthetic doses of the psychomimetic, ketamine, have been used for many years to elicit behavioral effects reminiscent of schizophrenia in both healthy humans and in animal models of the disease. More recently, there has been a move toward the use of simple neurophysiological measures (event-related potentials, brain oscillations) to assay the functional integrity of neuronal circuits in schizophrenia as these measures can be assessed in patients, healthy controls, intact animals, and even in brain slices. Furthermore, alterations of these measures are correlated with basic information processing deficits that are now considered central to the disease. Thus, here we review recent studies that determine the effect of ketamine on these measures and discuss to what extent they recapitulate findings in patients with schizophrenia. In particular, we examine methodological differences between human and animal studies and compare in vivo and in vitro effects of ketamine. Ketamine acts on multiple cortical and subcortical sites, as well as on receptors other than the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Acute ketamine models' changes correlated with psychotic states (e.g. increased baseline gamma-band oscillations), whereas chronic ketamine causes cortical circuit changes and neurophysiological deficits (e.g. impaired event-related gamma-band oscillations) correlated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Kocsis
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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29
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Kiss T, Feng J, Hoffmann W, Shaffer C, Hajós M. Rhythmic theta and delta activity of cortical and hippocampal neuronal networks in genetically or pharmacologically induced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction under urethane anesthesia. Neuroscience 2013; 237:255-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Doran AC, Osgood SM, Mancuso JY, Shaffer CL. An Evaluation of Using Rat-Derived Single-Dose Neuropharmacokinetic Parameters to Project Accurately Large Animal Unbound Brain Drug Concentrations. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2162-73. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Negative allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 results in broad spectrum activity relevant to treatment resistant depression. Neuropharmacology 2012; 66:202-14. [PMID: 22551786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that 30-50% of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) are classified as suffering from treatment resistant depression (TRD) as they have an inadequate response to standard antidepressants. A key feature of this patient population is the increased incidence of co-morbid symptoms like anxiety and pain. Recognizing that current standards of care are largely focused on monoaminergic mechanisms of action (MOAs), innovative approaches to drug discovery for TRD are targeting glutamate hyperfunction. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo profile of GRN-529, a novel negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). In cell based pharmacology assays, GRN-529 is a high affinity (Ki 5.4 nM), potent (IC50 3.1 nM) and selective (>1000-fold selective vs mGluR1) mGluR5 NAM. Acute administration of GRN-529 (0.1-30 mg/kg p.o.) had dose-dependent efficacy across a therapeutically relevant battery of animal models, comprising depression (decreased immobility time in tail suspension and forced swim tests) and 2 of the co-morbid symptoms overrepresented in TRD, namely anxiety (attenuation of stress-induced hyperthermia, and increased punished crossings in the four plate test) and pain (reversal of hyperalgesia due to sciatic nerve ligation or inflammation). The potential side effect liability of GRN-529 was also assessed using preclinical models: GRN-529 had no effect on rat sexual behavior or motor co-ordination (rotarod), however it impaired cognition in mice (social odor recognition). Efficacy and side effects of GRN-529 were compared to standard of care agents (antidepressant, anxiolytic or analgesics) and the tool mGluR5 NAM, MTEP. To assess the relationship between target occupancy and efficacy, ex vivo receptor occupancy was measured in parallel with efficacy testing. This revealed a strong correlation between target engagement, exposure and efficacy across behavioral endpoints, which supports the potential translational value of PET imaging to dose selection in patients. Collectively this broad spectrum profile of efficacy of GRN-529 supports our hypothesis that negative allosteric modulation of mGluR5 could represent an innovative therapeutic approach to the treatment of TRD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.
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Gilmour G, Dix S, Fellini L, Gastambide F, Plath N, Steckler T, Talpos J, Tricklebank M. NMDA receptors, cognition and schizophrenia – Testing the validity of the NMDA receptor hypofunction hypothesis. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:1401-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Millan MJ, Agid Y, Brüne M, Bullmore ET, Carter CS, Clayton NS, Connor R, Davis S, Deakin B, DeRubeis RJ, Dubois B, Geyer MA, Goodwin GM, Gorwood P, Jay TM, Joëls M, Mansuy IM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murphy D, Rolls E, Saletu B, Spedding M, Sweeney J, Whittington M, Young LJ. Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:141-68. [PMID: 22293568 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of psychiatric disorders have traditionally focused on emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety and hallucinations. However, poorly controlled cognitive deficits are equally prominent and severely compromise quality of life, including social and professional integration. Consequently, intensive efforts are being made to characterize the cellular and cerebral circuits underpinning cognitive function, define the nature and causes of cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders and identify more effective treatments. Successful development will depend on rigorous validation in animal models as well as in patients, including measures of real-world cognitive functioning. This article critically discusses these issues, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for improving cognition in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherche Servier, 78290 Croissy/Seine, France.
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Shaffer CL, Scialis RJ, Rong H, Obach RS. Using Simcyp to project human oral pharmacokinetic variability in early drug research to mitigate mechanism-based adverse events. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:72-84. [PMID: 22213407 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators ('potentiators') of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) have been shown to display a mechanism-based exposure-response continuum in preclinical species with procognitive electrophysiological and behavioral effects ('efficacy') at low exposures and motor coordination disruptions at progressively higher exposures. Due to the dose-capping nature of such motor coordination deficits, an exposure threshold-mediated adverse event (C(AE) ), the adequacy of separation between the maximal total plasma compound concentration (C(max) ) at a predicted clinically efficacious oral dose and this adverse event (AE) was explored in early drug research with three AMPAR potentiators considered potential candidates for clinical trials. In vitro metabolism studies in human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes demonstrated the metabolic clearance for each compound was predominately due to cytochromes P450 (CYP). Thus, for each compound's anticipated clinically efficacious dose, human C(max) variability following oral administration was assessed using Simcyp software, which combines its virtual human populations database using extensive demographic, physiological and genomic information with routinely collected compound-specific in vitro biochemical data to simulate and predict drug disposition. Using a combination of experimentally determined recombinant human CYP intrinsic clearances for CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, human binding factors, expected fraction absorbed and estimated steady-state volume of distribution, Simcyp simulations demonstrated that two of the three potentiators had acceptable projected C(max) variability (i.e. the 95th percentile C(max) did not breach C(AE) ). This evaluation aided in the selection of compounds for preclinical progression, and represents a novel application of pharmacologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) software approaches to predict interpatient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Shaffer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Moran RJ, Symmonds M, Stephan KE, Friston KJ, Dolan RJ. An in vivo assay of synaptic function mediating human cognition. Curr Biol 2011; 21:1320-5. [PMID: 21802302 PMCID: PMC3153654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of dopamine to working memory has been studied extensively [1-3]. Here, we exploited its well characterized effects [1-3] to validate a novel human in vivo assay of ongoing synaptic [4, 5] processing. We obtained magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements from subjects performing a working memory (WM) task during a within-subject, placebo-controlled, pharmacological (dopaminergic) challenge. By applying dynamic causal modeling (DCM), a Bayesian technique for neuronal system identification [6], to MEG signals from prefrontal cortex, we demonstrate that it is possible to infer synaptic signaling by specific ion channels in behaving humans. Dopamine-induced enhancement of WM performance was accompanied by significant changes in MEG signal power, and a DCM assay disclosed related changes in synaptic signaling. By estimating the contribution of ionotropic receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and GABA(A)) to the observed spectral response, we demonstrate changes in their function commensurate with the synaptic effects of dopamine. The validity of our model is reinforced by a striking quantitative effect on NMDA and AMPA receptor signaling that predicted behavioral improvement over subjects. Our results provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of a novel framework for inferring, noninvasively, neuromodulatory influences on ion channel signaling via specific ionotropic receptors, providing a window on the hidden synaptic events mediating discrete psychological processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn J Moran
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Kiss T, Hoffmann WE, Scott L, Kawabe TT, Milici AJ, Nilsen EA, Hajós M. Role of Thalamic Projection in NMDA Receptor-Induced Disruption of Cortical Slow Oscillation and Short-Term Plasticity. Front Psychiatry 2011; 2:14. [PMID: 21556284 PMCID: PMC3089990 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, such as phencyclidine, ketamine, or dizocilpine (MK-801) are commonly used in psychiatric drug discovery in order to model several symptoms of schizophrenia, including psychosis and impairments in working memory. In spite of the widespread use of NMDAR antagonists in preclinical and clinical studies, our understanding of the mode of action of these drugs on brain circuits and neuronal networks is still limited. In the present study spontaneous local field potential (LFP), multi- (MUA) and single-unit activity, and evoked potential, including paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in response to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral subiculum were carried out in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in urethane anesthetized rats. Systemic administration of MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased overall MUA, with a diverse effect on single-unit activity, including increased, decreased, or unchanged firing, and in line with our previous findings shifted delta-frequency power of the LFP and disrupted PPF (Kiss et al., 2011). In order to provide further insight to the mechanisms of action of NMDAR antagonists, MK-801 was administered intracranially into the mPFC and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD). Microinjections of MK-801, but not physiological saline, localized into the MD evoked changes in both LFP parameters and PPF similar to the effects of systemically administered MK-801. Local microinjection of MK-801 into the mPFC was without effect on these parameters. Our findings indicate that the primary site of the action of systemic administration of NMDAR antagonists is unlikely to be the cortex. We presume that multiple neuronal networks, involving thalamic nuclei contribute to disrupted behavior and cognition following NMDAR blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kiss
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc . Groton, CT, USA
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