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Peralta-Vallejo N, Güell-Falgueras P, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Río-Álamos C, Oliveras I, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Schizophrenia-relevant social, attentional and cognitive traits in female RHA vs. RLA rats: Effects of neonatal handling. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114762. [PMID: 37977340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats were bidirectionally selected and bred for, respectively, their rapid vs. extremely poor acquisition in the two-way active avoidance task. Consistent between-strain neurobehavioural differences have been found in anxiety- and stress-linked traits, as well as in schizophrenia-related phenotypes. RLAs display enhanced anxious- and stress-related phenotypes, whereas RHA rats show impulsivity, hyperactivity and attention/cognition-related impairments. Many of these typical behavioural phenotypes have been reported to be positively modulated by environmental treatments such as neonatal handling (NH). However, most studies on the Roman rat strains have been carried out in males. Thus, the present study for the first time focused on the joint evaluation of differences in novel object exploration (NOE), social interaction (SI), prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), and cognitive performance and flexibility in various spatial tasks (using the Morris water maze, MWM) in females of both Roman rat strains. We also aimed at evaluating the long-lasting effects of NH treatment on the RHA vs. RLA profiles in these tests/tasks. Results show that anxiety-related behavior, as measured by the NOE test and self-grooming in the SI test, was increased in RLA rats, and dramatically reduced by NH. In the SI test RLA rats displayed diminished social interaction, which was rescued by NH. RHA females exhibited a deficit of PPI, which was not affected by NH. Spatial tasks in the MWM showed impairments of working memory, reference learning/memory and spatial reversal learning (i.e., cognitive flexibility) in RHA females. Spatial reference learning and cognitive flexibility (i.e., reversal task) showed some improvement in rats (mainly in RHAs) that had received NH during the first three weeks of life. With the exception of the SI test, the pattern of differences between female RHA vs. RLA profiles was overall consistent with what has previously been found in males of both strains, and NH treatment was able to enduringly improve some emotion-related and (spatial) cognitive outcomes in both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Peralta-Vallejo
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Güell-Falgueras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Velasco VV, Ochiai T, Tsudzuki M, Goto N, Ishikawa A. Quantitative trait loci mapping of innate fear behavior in day-old F2 chickens of Japanese Oh-Shamo and White Leghorn breeds using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103228. [PMID: 37989001 PMCID: PMC10667749 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanisms that underlie innate fear behavior is essential for improving the management and performance of the poultry industry. This study aimed to map QTL associated with innate fear responses in open field (OF) and tonic immobility (TI) tests, using an F2 chicken intercross population between 2 behaviorally distinct breeds: the aggressive Japanese Oh-Shamo (OSM) and the docile White Leghorn T-line (WL-T). Genome-wide QTL analysis for the OF and TI traits was conducted using 2,109 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). While several suggestive QTL were identified for TI and OF traits at genome-wide 20% significance threshold levels, the analysis revealed 2 significant QTL for 2 OF traits (total distance and maximum speed) at genome-wide 5% significance threshold levels. These significant QTL were located between 12.34 and 30.49 megabase (Mb) on chromosome 1 and between 40.02 and 63.38 Mb on chromosome 2, explaining 6.75 to 7.40% of the total variances. These findings provide valuable insights for the poultry industry, particularly in refining chicken management strategies and informing targeted breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Ochiai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaoki Tsudzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoki Goto
- Hendrix Genetics BU Layers, Boxmeer 5831 CK, The Netherlands
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Mourelo L, Oliveras I, Peralta-Vallejo N, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Low prepulse inhibition predicts lower social interaction, impaired spatial working memory, reference memory and cognitive flexibility in genetically heterogeneous rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114355. [PMID: 37734470 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The "Genetically Heterogeneous National Institutes of Health (NIHHS)" stock rat (hereafter HS) shows a wide phenotypic variation, as a result of having been derived from eight inbred rat strains. Thus, these rats may be a conceivable parallel model of a healthy human sample. In order to evaluate whether HS rats have face validity as an animal model of schizophrenia-relevant features, it should be demonstrated that they present behavioural traits that may model negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder. Previous studies on HS rats have shown that prepulse inhibition (PPI, a measure of sensorimotor gating processes), which is impaired in schizophrenic patients, is correlated with their working memory performance. In this study, we evaluated whether low PPI in the HS stock rat predicts impairments of spatial working memory (SWM), spatial reference memory and cognitive flexibility in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and we evaluated HS rats for social interaction (SI) in a social investigation task. HS rats were stratified into 2 different groups according to their PPI scores, i.e. low- and high-PPI. In the SI task, low-PPI rats showed decreased social behaviour compared to high-PPI rats. In addition, relative to high-PPI HS rats, the low-PPI group displayed poorer SWM performance, impaired cognitive flexibility (in a reversal task) and worsened long-term spatial memory. Such differential behaviours in social and cognitive paradigms provide evidence on the face validity of low-PPI HS rats as a model of negative-like and cognitive schizophrenia-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Mourelo
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Peralta-Vallejo
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sønderstrup M, Batiuk MY, Mantas P, Tapias-Espinosa C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Brudek T, Rydbirk R, Khodosevich K, Fernandez-Teruel A, Elfving B, Aznar S. A maturational shift in the frontal cortex synaptic transcriptional landscape underlies schizophrenia-relevant behavioural traits: A congenital rat model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:32-46. [PMID: 37263043 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of brain development early in life may underlie the neurobiology behind schizophrenia. We have reported more immature synaptic spines in the frontal cortex (FC) of adult Roman High-Avoidance (RHA-I) rats, a behavioural model displaying schizophrenia-like traits. Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis in the FC of 4 months old male RHA-I (n=8) and its counterpart, the Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA-I) (n=8). We identified 203 significant genes with overrepresentation of genes involved in synaptic function. Next, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for genes co-expressed during neurodevelopment. Gene networks were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of a transcriptomic dataset containing human FC during lifespan (n=269). Out of thirty-one functional gene networks, six were significantly enriched in the RHA-I. These were differentially regulated during infancy and enriched in biological ontologies related to myelination, synaptic function, and immune response. We validated differential gene expression in a new cohort of adolescent (<=2 months old) and young-adult (>=3 months old) RHA-I and RLA-I rats. The results confirmed overexpression of Gsn, Nt5cd1, Ppp1r1b, and Slc9a3r1 in young-adult RHA-I, while Cables1, a regulator of Cdk5 phosphorylation in actin regulation and involved in synaptic plasticity and maturation, was significantly downregulated in adolescent RHA-I. This age-related expression change was also observed for presynaptic components Snap25 and Snap29. Our results show a different maturational expression profile of synaptic components in the RHA-I strain, supporting a shift in FC maturation underlying schizophrenia-like behavioural traits and adding construct validity to this strain as a neurodevelopmental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sønderstrup
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mykhailo Y Batiuk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Rydbirk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Susana Aznar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark; Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Armario A, Belda X, Gagliano H, Fuentes S, Molina P, Serrano S, Nadal R. Differential Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Response to Stress among Rat Strains: Methodological Considerations and Relevance for Neuropsychiatric Research. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1906-1923. [PMID: 36453492 PMCID: PMC10514526 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly glucocorticoids (GCs), play a critical role in the behavioral and physiological consequences of exposure to stress. For this reason, numerous studies have described differences in HPA function between different rodent strains/lines obtained by genetic selection of certain characteristics not directly related to the HPA axis. These studies have demonstrated a complex and poorly understood relationship between HPA function and certain relevant behavioral characteristics. The present review first remarks important methodological considerations regarding the evaluation and interpretation of resting and stress levels of HPA hormones. Then, it presents works in which differences in HPA function between Lewis and Fischer rats were explored as a model for how to approach other strain comparisons. After that, differences in the HPA axis between classical strain pairs (e.g. High and Low anxiety rats, Roman high- and low-avoidance, Wistar Kyoto versus Spontaneously Hypertensive or other strains, Flinder Sensitive and Flinder Resistant lines) are described. Finally, after discussing the relationship between HPA differences and relevant behavioral traits (anxiety-like and depression-like behavior and coping style), an example for main methodological and interpretative concerns and how to test strain differences is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Traslational Neuroscience Unit, UAB-Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fuentes
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Molina
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Serrano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Animal Physiology Unit, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Traslational Neuroscience Unit, UAB-Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Psychobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Habit Formation and the Effect of Repeated Stress Exposures on Cognitive Flexibility Learning in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202818. [DOI: 10.3390/ani12202818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse training exposes horses to an array of cognitive and ethological challenges. Horses are routinely required to perform behaviours that are not aligned to aspects of their ethology, which may delay learning. While horses readily form habits during training, not all of these responses are considered desirable, resulting in the horse being subject to retraining. This is a form of cognitive flexibility and is critical to the extinction of habits and the learning of new responses. It is underpinned by complex neural processes which can be impaired by chronic or repeated stress. Domestic horses may be repeatedly exposed to multiples stressors. The potential contribution of stress impairments of cognitive flexibility to apparent training failures is not well understood, however research from neuroscience can be used to understand horses’ responses to training. We trained horses to acquire habit-like responses in one of two industry-style aversive instrumental learning scenarios (moving away from the stimulus-instinctual or moving towards the stimulus-non-instinctual) and evaluated the effect of repeated stress exposures on their cognitive flexibility in a reversal task. We measured heart rate as a proxy for noradrenaline release, salivary cortisol and serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) to infer possible neural correlates of the learning outcomes. The instinctual task which aligned with innate equine escape responses to aversive stimuli was acquired significantly faster than the non-instinctual task during both learning phases, however contrary to expectations, the repeated stress exposure did not impair the reversal learning. We report a preliminary finding that serum BDNF and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses are positively correlated. The ethological salience of training tasks and cognitive flexibility learning can significantly affect learning in horses and trainers should adapt their practices where such tasks challenge innate equine behaviour.
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Maya-Romero AM, Dodd GE, Landin JD, Zaremba HK, Allen OF, Bilbow MA, Hammaker RD, Santerre-Anderson JL. Adolescent high-fructose corn syrup consumption leads to dysfunction in adult affective behaviors and mesolimbic proteins in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113687. [PMID: 34838930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period of development, during which the brain undergoes rapid maturation. Problematically, adolescents are the top consumers of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) sweetened beverages and snacks, which may have neurodevelopmental consequences. While HFCS consumption has been linked to an increased likelihood of obesity and other physical health impairments, the link between HFCS and persistent behavioral changes is not yet fully established. The present study aimed to assess whether adolescent HFCS consumption could lead to alterations in adult behaviors and protein expression, following cessation. Adolescent HFCS-exposure contributed to deficits in learning and motivation on an effort-related T-Maze procedure, as well as increased immobility time in the forced swim paradigm during adulthood. Molecularly, protracted decreases in accumbal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and protein kinase G (PKG), as well as increases in tyrosine hydroxylase and GluA2 receptor subunits, were observed following HFCS-exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescent HFCS-consumption leads to protracted dysfunction in affective behaviors and alterations in accumbal proteins which persist following cessation of HFCS-consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Maya-Romero
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Gina E Dodd
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Justine D Landin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Helen K Zaremba
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Omar F Allen
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie A Bilbow
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Rhyce D Hammaker
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Santerre-Anderson
- Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA.
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Fernández-Teruel A, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Rio-Álamos C, Tapias-Espinosa C, Sampedro-Viana D, Sánchez-González A, Sanna F, Torrubia R, González-Maeso J, Driscoll P, Morón I, Torres C, Aznar S, Tobeña A, Corda MG, Giorgi O. Neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental profiles of a heuristic genetic model of differential schizophrenia- and addiction-relevant features: The RHA vs. RLA rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:597-617. [PMID: 34571119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Roman High- (RHA) and Low-(RLA) avoidance rat lines/strains were generated through bidirectional selective breeding for rapid (RHA) vs. extremely poor (RLA) two-way active avoidance acquisition. Compared with RLAs and other rat strains/stocks, RHAs are characterized by increased impulsivity, deficits in social behavior, novelty-induced hyper-locomotion, impaired attentional/cognitive abilities, vulnerability to psychostimulant sensitization and drug addiction. RHA rats also exhibit decreased function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, increased functional activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system and a dramatic deficit of central metabotropic glutamate-2 (mGlu2) receptors (due to a stop codon mutation at cysteine 407 in Grm2 -cys407*-), along with increased density of 5-HT2A receptors in the PFC, alterations of several synaptic markers and increased density of pyramidal "thin" (immature) dendrític spines in the PFC. These characteristics suggest an immature brain of RHA rats, and are reminiscent of schizophrenia features like hypofrontality and disruption of the excitation/inhibition cortical balance. RHA rats represent a promising heuristic model of neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-relevant features and comorbidity with drug addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Centre of Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behaviour (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Susana Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Normann MC, Cox M, Akinbo OI, Watanasriyakul WT, Kovalev D, Ciosek S, Miller T, Grippo AJ. Differential paraventricular nucleus activation and behavioral responses to social isolation in prairie voles following environmental enrichment with and without physical exercise. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:375-390. [PMID: 33947321 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1926320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Social stressors produce neurobiological and emotional consequences in social species. Environmental interventions, such as environmental enrichment and exercise, may modulate physiological and behavioral stress responses. The present study investigated the benefits of environmental enrichment and exercise against social stress in the socially monogamous prairie vole. Female prairie voles remained paired with a sibling (control) or were isolated from a sibling for 4 weeks. The isolated groups were assigned to isolated sedentary, isolated with environmental enrichment, or isolated with both enrichment and exercise conditions. Behaviors related to depression, anxiety, and sociality were investigated using the forced swim test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), and a social crowding stressor (SCS), respectively. cFos expression was evaluated in stress-related circuitry following the SCS. Both enrichment and enrichment with exercise protected against depression-relevant behaviors in the FST and social behavioral disruptions in the SCS, but only enrichment with exercise protected against anxiety-related behaviors in the EPM and altered cFos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in isolated prairie voles. Enrichment may improve emotion-related and social behaviors, however physical exercise may be an important component of environmental strategies for protecting against anxiety-related behaviors and reducing neural activation as a function of social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marigny C Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Miranda Cox
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Oreoluwa I Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Kovalev
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Ciosek
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Angela J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Sanna F, Soley B, Giorgi O, Corda MG, Torrecilla P, Oliveras I, Tapias-Espinosa C, Río-Álamos C, Sánchez-González A, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Decreased social interaction in the RHA rat model of schizophrenia-relevant features: Modulation by neonatal handling. Behav Processes 2021; 188:104397. [PMID: 33887361 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Roman-Low (RLA) and High-Avoidance (RHA) rat strains have been bidirectionally selected and bred, respectively, for extremely poor vs. rapid acquisition of the two-way active avoidance task. Over 50 years of selective breeding have led to two strains displaying many differential specific phenotypes. While RLAs display anxious-related behaviours, RHA rats show impulsivity, and schizophrenia-like positive and cognitive symptoms or phenotypes. Neonatal handling (NH) is an environmental treatment with long-lasting anxiolytic-like and anti-stress effects. NH also reduces symptoms related to schizophrenia, such as pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) impairment and latent inhibition (LI) deficits, and improves spatial working memory and cognitive flexibility. The present work was aimed at exploring whether RHAs also display negative schizophrenia-like symptoms (or phenotypes), such as lowered preference for social interaction (i.e. asociality), and whether NH would reduce these deficits. To this aim, we evaluated naïve inbred RHA and RLA rats in a social interaction (SI) test after either long- or short-term habituation to the testing set up (studies 1-2). In Study 3 we tested untreated and NH-treated RHA and RLA rats in novel object exploration (NOE) and SI tests. Compared with RHAs, RLA rats displayed increased anxiety-related behaviours in the NOE (i.e. higher behavioural inhibition, lesser exploration of the novel object) and SI (i.e. higher levels of self-grooming) tests which were dramatically reduced by NH treatment, thus supporting the long-lasting anxiolytic-like effect of NH. Remarkably, RHA rats showed decreased social preference in the SI test compared with RLAs, evidencing that RHAs would present a relative asociality, which is thought to model some negative symptomatology (i.e. social withdrawal) of schizophrenia. NH increased absolute levels of social behaviour in both strains, but with a more marked effect in RHA rats, especially in the first 5 min of the SI test. Thus, it is hypothesized that, apart from its effects on anxiety-related behaviours, NH might have long-lasting positive effects on behavioural and neurobiological processes that are impaired in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bernat Soley
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pilar Torrecilla
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Sánchez-González A, Thougaard E, Tapias-Espinosa C, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Saunders JM, Toneatti R, Tobeña A, Gónzalez-Maeso J, Aznar S, Fernández-Teruel A. Increased thin-spine density in frontal cortex pyramidal neurons in a genetic rat model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:79-91. [PMID: 33485732 PMCID: PMC7902438 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms altered during brain wiring leading to cognitive disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unknown. We have previously reported altered cortical expression of neurodevelopmentally regulated synaptic markers in a genetic animal model of schizophrenia-relevant behavioral features, the Roman-High Avoidance rat strain (RHA-I). To further explore this phenotype, we looked at dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal neurons, as changes in spine density and morphology are one of the main processes taking place during adolescence. An HSV-viral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the frontal cortex (FC) of a group of 11 RHA-I and 12 Roman-Low Avoidance (RLA-I) male rats. GFP labeled dendrites from pyramidal cells were 3D reconstructed and number and types of spines quantified. We observed an increased spine density in the RHA-I, corresponding to a larger fraction of immature thin spines, with no differences in stubby and mushroom spines. Glia cells, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons and surrounding perineuronal net (PNN) density are known to participate in FC and pyramidal neuron dendritic spine maturation. We determined by stereological-based quantification a significantly higher number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the FC of the RHA-I strain, with no difference in microglia (Iba1-positive cells). The number of inhibitory PV, SST interneurons or PNN density, on the contrary, was unchanged. Results support our belief that the RHA-I strain presents a more immature FC, with some structural features like those observed during adolescence, adding construct validity to this strain as a genetic behavioral model of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - E Thougaard
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Toneatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gónzalez-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Fuentes-Verdugo E, Pellón R, Papini MR, Torres C, Fernández-Teruel A, Anselme P. Effects of partial reinforcement on autoshaping in inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113111. [PMID: 32738315 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals trained under partial reinforcement (PR) typically show a greater resistance to extinction than individuals exposed to continuous reinforcement (CR). This phenomenon is referred to as the PR extinction effect (PREE) and is interpreted as a consequence of uncertainty-induced frustration counterconditioning. In this study, we assessed the effects of PR and CR in acquisition and extinction in two strains of rats, the inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA and RLA, respectively) rats. These two strains mainly differ in the expression of anxiety, the RLA rats showing more anxiety-related behaviors (hence, more sensitive to frustration) than the RHA rats. At a neurobiological level, mild stress is known to elevate corticosterone in RLA rats and dopamine in RHA rats. We tested four groups of rats (RHA/CR, RHA/PR, RLA/CR, and RLA/PR) in two successive acquisition-extinction phases to try to consolidate the behavioral effects. Animals received training in a Pavlovian autoshaping procedure with retractable levers as the conditioned stimulus, food pellets as the unconditioned stimulus, and lever presses as the conditioned response. In Phase 1, we observed a PREE in lever pressing in both strains, but this effect was larger and longer lasting in RHA/PR than in RLA/PR rats. In Phase 2, reacquisition was fast and the PREE persisted in both strains, although the two PR groups no longer differed in lever pressing. The results are discussed in terms of frustration theory and of uncertainty-induced sensitization of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Pellón
- School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio R Papini
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Patrick Anselme
- Department of Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Fernández-Teruel A, Tobeña A. Revisiting the role of anxiety in the initial acquisition of two-way active avoidance: pharmacological, behavioural and neuroanatomical convergence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:739-758. [PMID: 32916193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two-way active avoidance (TWAA) acquisition constitutes a particular case of approach -avoidance conflict for laboratory rodents. The present article reviews behavioural, psychopharmacological and neuroanatomical evidence accumulated along more than fifty years that provides strong support to the contention that anxiety is critical in the transition from CS (conditioned stimulus)-induced freezing to escape/avoidance responses during the initial stages of TWAA acquisition. Thus, anxiolytic drugs of different types accelerate avoidance acquisition, anxiogenic drugs impair it, and avoidance during these initial acquisition stages is negatively associated with other typical measures of anxiety. In addition behavioural and developmental treatments that reduce or increase anxiety/stress respectively facilitate or impair TWAA acquisition. Finally, evidence for the regulation of TWAA acquisition by septo-hippocampal and amygdala-related mechanisms is discussed. Collectively, the reviewed evidence gives support to the initial acquisition of TWAA as a paradigm with considerable predictive and (in particular) construct validity as an approach-avoidance conflict-based rodent anxiety model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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A missing link between depression models: Forced swimming test, helplessness and passive coping in genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rats. Behav Processes 2020; 177:104142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Differential expression of synaptic markers regulated during neurodevelopment in a rat model of schizophrenia-like behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109669. [PMID: 31228641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent reports relate synaptic alterations with disease etiology. The inbred Roman High- (RHA-I) and Low- (RLA-I) Avoidance rat strains are a congenital neurobehavioral model, with the RHA-I displaying schizophrenia-related behaviors and serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We performed a comprehensive characterization of the RHA-I/RLA-I rats by real-time qPCR and Western blotting for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, mGlu2, dopamine 1 and dopamine 2 receptors (DRD1 and DRD2), AMPA receptor subunits Gria1, Gria2 and NMDA receptor subunits Grin1, Grin2a and Grin2b, as well as pre- and post-synaptic components in PFC and hippocampus (HIP). Besides corroborating decreased mGlu2 (Grm2) expression, we found increased mRNA levels for Snap25, Synaptophysin (Syp), Homer1 and Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) in the PFC of the RHA-I and decreased expression of Vamp1, and Snapin in the HIP. We also showed alterations in Vamp1, Grin2b, Syp, Snap25 and Nrg1 at protein levels. mRNA levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were increased in the PFC of the RHA-I rats, with no differences in the HIP, while BDNF protein levels were decreased in PFC and increased in HIP. To investigate the temporal dynamics of these synaptic markers during neurodevelopment, we made use of the open source BrainCloud™ dataset, and found that SYP, GRIN2B, NRG1, HOMER1, DRD1 and BDNF expression is upregulated in PFC during childhood and adolescence, suggesting a more immature neurobiological endophenotype in the RHA-I strain.
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Abstract
In this chapter we will review both the rationale and experimental design for using Heterogeneous Stock (HS) populations for fine-mapping of complex traits in mice and rats. We define an HS as an outbred population derived from an intercross between two or more inbred strains. HS have been used to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for multiple behavioral, physiological, and gene expression traits. GWAS using HS require four key steps, which we review: selection of an appropriate HS population, phenotyping, genotyping, and statistical analysis. We provide advice on the selection of an HS, comment on key issues related to phenotyping, discuss genotyping methods relevant to these populations, and describe statistical genetic analyses that are applicable to genetic analyses that use HS.
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Sánchez-González A, Oliveras I, Río-Álamos C, Piludu MA, Gerbolés C, Tapias-Espinosa C, Tobeña A, Aznar S, Fernández-Teruel A. Dissociation between schizophrenia-relevant behavioral profiles and volumetric brain measures after long-lasting social isolation in Roman rats. Neurosci Res 2019; 155:43-55. [PMID: 31306676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation rearing of rodents is an environmental manipulation known to induce or potentiate psychotic-like symptoms and attentional and cognitive impairments relevant for schizophrenia. When subjected to a 28-week isolation rearing treatment, the Roman high-avoidance (RHA-I) rats display the common behavioral social isolation syndrome, with prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, hyperactivity, increased anxiety responses and learning/memory impairments when compared to their low-avoidance (RLA-I) counterparts. These results add face validity to the RHA-I rats as an animal model for schizophrenia-relevant behavioral and cognitive profiles and confirm previous results. The aim here was to further investigate the neuroanatomical effects of the isolation rearing, estimated through volume differences in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal striatum (dSt) and hippocampus (HPC). Results showed a global increase in volume in the mPFC in the isolated rats of both strains, as well as strain effects (RLA > RHA) in the three brain regions. These unexpected but robust results, might have unveiled some kind of compensatory mechanisms due to the particularly long-lasting isolation rearing period, much longer than those commonly used in the literature (which usually range from 4 to 12 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-González
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Oliveras
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Río-Álamos
- Dept. Psychology, School of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M A Piludu
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C Gerbolés
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Tapias-Espinosa
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tobeña
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Dept. Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Giorgi O, Corda MG, Fernández-Teruel A. A Genetic Model of Impulsivity, Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms With Translational Potential: The Roman High- vs. Low-Avoidance Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31333426 PMCID: PMC6624787 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two lines/strains that differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity, with RHA rats being less fearful than their RLA counterparts. Many other behavioral traits have been segregated along the selection procedure; thus, compared with their RLA counterparts, RHA rats behave as proactive copers in the face of aversive conditions, display a robust sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) profile, and show high impulsivity and an innate preference for natural and drug rewards. Impulsivity is a multifaceted behavioral trait and is generally defined as a tendency to express actions that are poorly conceived, premature, highly risky or inappropriate to the situation, that frequently lead to unpleasant consequences. High levels of impulsivity are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Herein, we review the behavioral and neurochemical differences between RHA and RLA rats and survey evidence that RHA rats represent a valid genetic model, with face, construct, and predictive validity, to investigate the neural underpinnings of behavioral disinhibition, novelty seeking, impulsivity, vulnerability to drug addiction as well as deficits in attentional processes, cognitive impairments and other schizophrenia-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Molendijk ML, de Kloet ER. Coping with the forced swim stressor: Current state-of-the-art. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Río-Álamos C, Piludu MA, Gerbolés C, Barroso D, Oliveras I, Sánchez-González A, Cañete T, Tapias-Espinosa C, Sampedro-Viana D, Torrubia R, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Volumetric brain differences between the Roman rat strains: Neonatal handling effects, sensorimotor gating and working memory. Behav Brain Res 2019; 361:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Active avoidance learning differentially activates ERK phosphorylation in the primary auditory and visual cortices of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rats selectively bred for showing divergent behavioral traits in response to stress or novelty or spontaneous yawning with a divergent frequency show similar changes in sexual behavior: the role of dopamine. Rev Neurosci 2018; 30:427-454. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual behavior plays a fundamental role for reproduction in mammals and other animal species. It is characterized by an anticipatory and a consummatory phase, and several copulatory parameters have been identified in each phase, mainly in rats. Sexual behavior varies significantly across rats even when they are of the same strain and reared under identical conditions. This review shows that rats of the same strain selectively bred for showing a divergent behavioral trait when exposed to stress or novelty (i.e. Roman high and low avoidance rats, bred for their different avoidance response to the shuttle box, and high and low novelty exploration responders rats, bred for their different exploratory response to a novel environment) or a spontaneous behavior with divergent frequency (i.e. low and high yawning frequency rats, bred for their divergent yawning frequency) show similar differences in sexual behavior, mainly in copulatory pattern, but also in sexual motivation. As shown by behavioral pharmacology and intracerebral microdialysis experiments carried out mainly in Roman rats, these sexual differences may be due to a more robust dopaminergic tone present in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of one of the two sub-lines (e.g. high avoidance, high novelty exploration, and low yawning rat sub-lines). Thus, differences in genotype and/or in prenatal/postnatal environment lead not only to individual differences in temperament and environmental/emotional reactivity but also in sexual behavior. Because of the highly conserved mechanisms controlling reproduction in mammals, this may occur not only in rats but also in humans.
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Coping-Style Behavior Identified by a Survey of Parent-of-Origin Effects in the Rat. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3283-3291. [PMID: 30135107 PMCID: PMC6169385 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigate the effects of parent of origin on complex traits in the laboratory rat, with a focus on coping style behavior in stressful situations. We develop theory, based on earlier work, to partition heritability into a component due to a combination of parent of origin, maternal, paternal and shared environment, and another component that estimates classical additive genetic variance. We use this theory to investigate the effects on heritability of the parental origin of alleles in 798 outbred heterogeneous stock rats across 199 complex traits. Parent-of-origin-like heritability was on average 2.7fold larger than classical additive heritability. Among the phenotypes with the most enhanced parent-of-origin heritability were 10 coping style behaviors, with average 3.2 fold heritability enrichment. To confirm these findings on coping behavior, and to eliminate the possibility that the parent of origin effects are due to confounding with shared environment, we performed a reciprocal F1 cross between the behaviorally divergent RHA and RLA rat strains. We observed parent-of-origin effects on F1 rat anxiety/coping-related behavior in the Elevated Zero Maze test. Our study is the first to assess genetic parent-of-origin effects in rats, and confirm earlier findings in mice that such effects influence coping and impulsive behavior, and suggest these effects might be significant in other mammals, including humans.
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Walker SE, Papilloud A, Huzard D, Sandi C. The link between aberrant hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity during development and the emergence of aggression—Animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:138-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The Roman high- and low-avoidance rats differ in the sensitivity to shock-induced suppression of drinking and to the anxiogenic effect of pentylenetetrazole. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 167:29-35. [PMID: 29477747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) outbred rat lines are selected for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior. Emotional reactivity appears to be the most prominent behavioral difference between the two lines, with RLA rats being more fearful/anxious than their RHA counterparts. Accordingly, here we show that shock-induced inhibition of drinking behavior in the Vogel's test is significantly more pronounced in RLA than RHA rats. Thus, unpunished drinking activity is similar in both lines (38.1 ± 0.9 and 36.4 ± 0.6 licking periods/3 min in RLA and RHA rats, respectively), whereas under punished conditions (0.05-1.00 mA electric shocks delivered through the drinking tube) a more robust decrease in drinking behavior is observed in RLA vs. RHA rats. Moreover, fear-related behaviors like freezing and self-grooming are more frequent in RLA than RHA rats throughout the test. Similar results are obtained with the inbred RHA-I and RLA-I rats, which have been selected and bred through brother/sister mating of the outbred lines. In keeping with the above findings, we also show that, compared with their RHA counterparts, the outbred RLA rats are similarly responsive to the anticonflict effect of diazepam but more responsive to the proconflict effect of pentylenetetrazole in the Vogel's test. Collectively, these results reveal another behavioral trait distinguishing RHA from RLA rats and add experimental support to the view that the Roman lines/strains are a valid genetic model for the study of the neural underpinnings of fear/anxiety- and stress-related behaviors.
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Abstract
Heterogeneous Stock (HS) populations allow for fine-resolution genetic mapping of a variety of complex traits. HS mice and rats were created from breeding together eight inbred strains, followed by maintaining the colony in a manner that minimizes inbreeding. After 50 or more generations of breeding, the resulting animals' chromosomes represent a genetic mosaic of the founders' haplotypes, with the average distance between recombination events in the centiMorgan range. This allows for genetic mapping to only a few Mb, a much smaller region than what can be identified using traditional F2 intercross or backcross mapping strategies. HS animals have been used to fine-map a variety of complex traits including anxiety and fear behaviors, diabetes, asthma, and heart disease, among others. Once a quantitative trait locus (QTL) has been identified, founder sequence and expression analysis can be used to identify underlying causal genes. In the following review, we provide an overview of how HS rats and mice have been used to identify genetic loci, and in some cases the causal genes, underlying complex traits. We discuss the creation and breeding strategies for both HS rats and mice. We then discuss the statistical analyses used to identify genetic loci, as well as strategies to identify causal genes underlying these loci. We end the chapter by discussing limitations faced when using HS populations, including several statistical challenges that have not been fully resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Solberg Woods
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53130, USA.
| | - Richard Mott
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Padurariu M, Antioch I, Balmus I, Ciobica A, El-Lethey HS, Kamel MM. Describing some behavioural animal models of anxiety and their mechanistics with special reference to oxidative stress and oxytocin relevance. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:98-104. [PMID: 30255057 PMCID: PMC6137856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that animal studies are playing an important role in the understanding of anxiety disorders, since they contribute to the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches in anxiety. In the present review we will detail some essential aspects of behavioral animal models of anxiety related to social defeat paradigm, elevated plus maze, elevated zero or T maze, light/dark box, social interaction test or tests based on predator models, considering the latest theories and methodological approaches in this area of research, as well as our previous studies focusing on anxiety manifestations in a variety of species including rats, zebrafish, dogs and pigs. Moreover, in this context, we will focus on the recent theories concerning oxidative stress, as well as importance of oxytocin administration (especially the intranasal route). This could be important considering that these two factors are currently being investigated as possible mechanisms (oxidative stress status) and related therapeutic target (both intranasal oxytocin and antioxidants) in the pathology of the anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Padurariu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iulia Antioch
- “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ioana Balmus
- “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Carol I, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Romania
- The Academy of the Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094, Romania
| | - Heba S. El-Lethey
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Kamel
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Holl K, He H, Wedemeyer M, Clopton L, Wert S, Meckes JK, Cheng R, Kastner A, Palmer AA, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Heterogeneous stock rats: a model to study the genetics of despair-like behavior in adolescence. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:139-148. [PMID: 28834208 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Antidepressant resistance also has a genetic component. To date, however, very few genes have been identified for major depression or antidepressant resistance. In this study, we investigated whether outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats would be a suitable model to uncover the genetics of depression and its connection to antidepressant resistance. The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, one of the eight founders of the HS, is a recognized animal model of juvenile depression and is resistant to fluoxetine antidepressant treatment. We therefore hypothesized that adolescent HS rats would exhibit variation in both despair-like behavior and response to fluoxetine treatment. We assessed heritability of despair-like behavior and response to sub-acute fluoxetine using a modified forced swim test (FST) in 4-week-old HS rats. We also tested whether blood transcript levels previously identified as depression biomarkers in adolescent human subjects are differentially expressed in HS rats with high vs. low FST immobility. We demonstrate heritability of despair-like behavior in 4-week-old HS rats and show that many HS rats are resistant to fluoxetine treatment. In addition, blood transcript levels of Amfr, Cdr2 and Kiaa1539, genes previously identified in human adolescents with MDD, are differentially expressed between HS rats with high vs. low immobility. These data demonstrate that FST despair-like behavior will be amenable to genetic fine-mapping in adolescent HS rats. The overlap between human and HS blood biomarkers suggest that these studies may translate to depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holl
- Department of pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - H He
- Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Wedemeyer
- Department of pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Clopton
- Department of pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S Wert
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J K Meckes
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Cheng
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Kastner
- Department of pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E E Redei
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L C Solberg Woods
- Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Conservation of Phenotypes in the Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rat Strains After Embryo Transfer. Behav Genet 2017; 47:537-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sanna F, Bratzu J, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Melis MR, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Differences in Sexual Behavior between Roman High and Low Avoidance Male Rats: A Microdialysis Study in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28638325 PMCID: PMC5461293 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) outbred rats, which differ for a respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of the active avoidance response in the shuttle-box, display differences in sexual activity when put in the presence of a sexually receptive female rat. Indeed RHA rats show higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats, which persist also after repeated sexual activity. These differences have been correlated to a higher tone of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system of RHA rats vs. RLA rats, revealed by the higher increase of dopamine found in the dialysate obtained from the nucleus accumbens of RHA than RLA rats during sexual activity. This work shows that extracellular dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) also, increase in the dialysate from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male RHA and RLA rats put in the presence of an inaccessible female rat and more markedly during direct sexual interaction. Such increases in dopamine (and its main metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC) and NA were found in both sexually naïve and experienced animals, but they were higher: (i) in RHA than in RLA rats; and (ii) in sexually experienced RHA and RLA rats than in their naïve counterparts. Finally, the differences in dopamine and NA in the mPFC occurred concomitantly to those in sexual activity, as RHA rats displayed higher levels of sexual motivation and copulatory performance than RLA rats in both the sexually naïve and experienced conditions. These results suggest that a higher dopaminergic tone also occurs in the mPFC, together with an increased noradrenergic tone, which may be involved in the different copulatory patterns found in RHA and RLA rats, as suggested for the mesolimbic dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Bratzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria A Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria R Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Addictions, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari SectionCittadella Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
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Differences in 5-HT2A and mGlu2 Receptor Expression Levels and Repressive Epigenetic Modifications at the 5-HT2A Promoter Region in the Roman Low- (RLA-I) and High- (RHA-I) Avoidance Rat Strains. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1998-2012. [PMID: 28265857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptors regulate each other and are associated with schizophrenia. The Roman high- (RHA-I) and the Roman low- (RLA-I) avoidance rat strains present well-differentiated behavioral profiles, with the RHA-I strain emerging as a putative genetic rat model of schizophrenia-related features. The RHA-I strain shows increased 5-HT2A and decreased mGlu2 receptor binding levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we looked for differences in gene expression and transcriptional regulation of these receptors. The striatum (STR) was included in the analysis. 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, and mGlu2 mRNA and [3H]ketanserin binding levels were measured in brain homogenates. As expected, 5-HT2A binding was significantly increased in PFC in the RHA-I rats, while no difference in binding was observed in STR. Surprisingly, 5-HT2A gene expression was unchanged in PFC but significantly decreased in STR. mGlu2 receptor gene expression was significantly decreased in both PFC and STR. No differences were observed for the 5-HT1A receptor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed increased trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at the promoter region of the HTR2A gene in the STR. We further looked at the Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway, a downstream point of convergence of the serotonin and glutamate system, and found increased phosphorylation levels of GSK3β at tyrosine 216 and increased β-catenin levels in the PFC of the RHA-I rats. These results reveal region-specific regulation of the 5-HT2A receptor in the RHA-I rats probably due to absence of mGlu2 receptor that may result in differential regulation of downstream pathways.
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Cohen JL, Ata AE, Jackson NL, Rahn EJ, Ramaker RC, Cooper S, Kerman IA, Clinton SM. Differential stress induced c-Fos expression and identification of region-specific miRNA-mRNA networks in the dorsal raphe and amygdala of high-responder/low-responder rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 319:110-123. [PMID: 27865919 PMCID: PMC5183530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress triggers a variety of physical and mental health problems, and how individuals cope with stress influences risk for emotional disorders. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying distinct stress coping styles, we utilized rats that were selectively-bred for differences in emotionality and stress reactivity. We show that high novelty responding (HR) rats readily bury a shock probe in the defensive burying test, a measure of proactive stress coping behavior, while low novelty responding (LR) rats exhibit enhanced immobility, a measure of reactive coping. Shock exposure in the defensive burying test elicited greater activation of HR rats' caudal dorsal raphe serotonergic cells compared to LRs, but lead to more pronounced activation throughout LRs' amygdala (lateral, basolateral, central, and basomedial nuclei) compared to HRs. RNA-sequencing revealed 271 mRNA transcripts and 33 microRNA species that were differentially expressed in HR/LR raphe and amygdala. We mapped potential microRNA-mRNA networks by correlating and clustering mRNA and microRNA expression and identified networks that differed in either the HR/LR dorsal raphe or amygdala. A dorsal raphe network linked three microRNAs which were down-regulated in LRs (miR-206-3p, miR-3559-5p, and miR-378a-3p) to repression of genes related to microglia and immune response (Cd74, Cyth4, Nckap1l, and Rac2), the genes themselves were up-regulated in LR dorsal raphe. In the amygdala, another network linked miR-124-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-3068-3p, miR-380-5p, miR-539-3p, and miR-7a-1-3p with repression of chromatin remodeling-related genes (Cenpk, Cenpq, Itgb3bp, and Mis18a). Overall this work highlights potential drivers of gene-networks and downstream molecular pathways within the raphe and amygdala that contribute to individual differences in stress coping styles and stress vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Cohen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, USA
| | - Anooshah E Ata
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, USA
| | - Nateka L Jackson
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rahn
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, USA
| | - Ryne C Ramaker
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sara Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech University, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, USA
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Río-Álamos C, Oliveras I, Piludu MA, Gerbolés C, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Lope-Piedrafita S, Martínez-Membrives E, Torrubia R, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Neonatal handling enduringly decreases anxiety and stress responses and reduces hippocampus and amygdala volume in a genetic model of differential anxiety: Behavioral-volumetric associations in the Roman rat strains. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:146-158. [PMID: 28049558 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and amygdala have been proposed as key neural structures related to anxiety. A more active hippocampus/amygdala system has been related to greater anxious responses in situations involving conflict/novelty. The Roman Low- (RLA) and High-avoidance (RHA) rat lines/strains constitute a genetic model of differential anxiety. Relative to RHA rats, RLA rats exhibit enhanced anxiety/fearfulness, augmented hippocampal/amygdala c-Fos expression following exposure to novelty/conflict, increased hippocampal neuronal density and higher endocrine responses to stress. Neonatal handling (NH) is an environmental treatment with long-lasting anxiety/stress-reducing effects in rodents. Since hippocampus and amygdala volume are supposed to be related to anxiety/fear, we hypothesized a greater volume of both areas in RLA than in RHA rats, as well as that NH treatment would reduce anxiety and the volume of both structures, in particular in the RLA strain. Adult untreated and NH-treated RHA and RLA rats were tested for anxiety, sensorimotor gating (PPI), stress-induced corticosterone and prolactin responses, two-way active avoidance acquisition and in vivo 7 T 1H-Magnetic resonance image. As expected, untreated RLA rats showed higher anxiety and post-stress hormone responses, as well as greater hippocampus and amygdala volumes than untreated RHA rats. NH decreased anxiety/stress responses, especially in RLA rats, and significantly reduced hippocampus and amygdala volumes in this strain. Dorsal striatum volume was not different between the strains nor it was affected by NH. Finally, there were positive associations (as shown by correlations, factor analysis and multiple regression) between anxiety and PPI and hippocampus/amygdala volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonietta Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Gerbolés
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Servei de RMN, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigacion Biomédica en Red - Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Servei de RMN, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigacion Biomédica en Red - Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Morello N, Plicato O, Piludu MA, Poddighe L, Serra MP, Quartu M, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Giustetto M. Effects of Forced Swimming Stress on ERK and Histone H3 Phosphorylation in Limbic Areas of Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170093. [PMID: 28107383 PMCID: PMC5249133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful events evoke molecular adaptations of neural circuits through chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression. However, the identity of the molecular pathways activated by stress in experimental models of depression is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of acute forced swimming (FS) on the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 (pERK) and histone H3 (pH3) in limbic brain areas of genetic models of vulnerability (RLA, Roman low-avoidance rats) and resistance (RHA, Roman high-avoidance rats) to stress-induced depression-like behavior. We demonstrate that FS markedly increased the density of pERK-positive neurons in the infralimbic (ILCx) and the prelimbic area (PrLCx) of the prefrontal cortex (PFCx), the nucleus accumbens, and the dorsal blade of the hippocampal dentate gyrus to the same extent in RLA and RHA rats. In addition, FS induced a significant increase in the intensity of pERK immunoreactivity (IR) in neurons of the PFCx in both rat lines. However, RHA rats showed stronger pERK-IR than RLA rats in the ILCx both under basal and stressed conditions. Moreover, the density of pH3-positive neurons was equally increased by FS in the PFCx of both rat lines. Interestingly, pH3-IR was higher in RHA than RLA rats in PrLCx and ILCx, either under basal conditions or upon FS. Finally, colocalization analysis showed that in the PFCx of both rat lines, almost all pERK-positive cells express pH3, whereas only 50% of the pH3-positive neurons is also pERK-positive. Moreover, FS increased the percentage of neurons that express exclusively pH3, but reduced the percentage of cells expressing exclusively pERK. These results suggest that (i) the distinctive patterns of FS-induced ERK and H3 phosphorylation in the PFCx of RHA and RLA rats may represent molecular signatures of the behavioural traits that distinguish the two lines and (ii) FS-induced H3 phosphorylation is, at least in part, ERK-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Plicato
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail: (MG); (OG)
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail: (MG); (OG)
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Yilmazer-Hanke D, Eliava M, Hanke J, Schwegler H, Asan E. Density of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing fibers in the amygdala of roman high- and low-avoidance rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Esnal A, Sánchez-González A, Río-Álamos C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition deficits in Roman high-avoidance vs. Roman low-avoidance rats: Modeling schizophrenia-related features. Physiol Behav 2016; 163:267-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fernández-Teruel A, Estanislau C. Meanings of self-grooming depend on an inverted U-shaped function with aversiveness. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:591. [PMID: 27466142 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry &Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Celio Estanislau
- Departamento de Psicologia Geral e Análise do Comportamento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR445, Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Oliveras I, Sánchez-González A, Piludu MA, Gerboles C, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Divergent effects of isolation rearing on prepulse inhibition, activity, anxiety and hippocampal-dependent memory in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats: A putative model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:6-15. [PMID: 27478139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation of rats induces a constellation of behavioral alterations known as "isolation syndrome" that are consistent with some of the positive and cognitive symptoms observed in schizophrenic patients. In the present study we have assessed whether isolation rearing of inbred Roman high-avoidance (RHA-I) and Roman low-avoidance (RLA-I) strains can lead to the appearance of some of the key features of the "isolation syndrome", such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, increased anxious behavior, hyperactivity and memory/learning impairments. Compared to RLA-I rats, the results show that isolation rearing (IR) in RHA-I rats has a more profound impact, as they exhibit isolation-induced PPI deficits, increased anxiety, hyperactivity and long-term reference memory deficits, while isolated RLA-I rats only exhibit deficits in a spatial working memory task. These results give further support to the validity of RHA-I rats as a genetically-based model of schizophrenia relevant-symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonietta Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Gerboles
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wood CM, Nicolas CS, Choi SL, Roman E, Nylander I, Fernandez-Teruel A, Kiianmaa K, Bienkowski P, de Jong TR, Colombo G, Chastagnier D, Wafford KA, Collingridge GL, Wildt SJ, Conway-Campbell BL, Robinson ESJ, Lodge D. Prevalence and influence of cys407* Grm2 mutation in Hannover-derived Wistar rats: mGlu2 receptor loss links to alcohol intake, risk taking and emotional behaviour. Neuropharmacology 2016; 115:128-138. [PMID: 26987983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptor function has huge potential for treating psychiatric and neurological diseases. Development of drugs acting on mGlu2 receptors depends on the development and use of translatable animal models of disease. We report here a stop codon mutation at cysteine 407 in Grm2 (cys407*) that is common in some Wistar rats. Therefore, researchers in this field need to be aware of strains with this mutation. Our genotypic survey found widespread prevalence of the mutation in commercial Wistar strains, particularly those known as Han Wistar. Such Han Wistar rats are ideal for research into the separate roles of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in CNS function. Previous investigations, unknowingly using such mGlu2 receptor-lacking rats, provide insights into the role of mGlu2 receptors in behaviour. The Grm2 mutant rats, which dominate some selectively bred lines, display characteristics of altered emotionality, impulsivity and risk-related behaviours and increased voluntary alcohol intake compared with their mGlu2 receptor-competent counterparts. In addition, the data further emphasize the potential therapeutic role of mGlu2 receptors in psychiatric and neurological disease, and indicate novel methods of studying the role of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Wood
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Celine S Nicolas
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sun-Lim Choi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Roman
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nylander
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behaviour, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kalervo Kiianmaa
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Trynke R de Jong
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, I09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Denis Chastagnier
- Janvier Labs, CS4105 Le Genest-Saint-Isle, F-53941 Saint-Berthevin, France
| | - Keith A Wafford
- Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sheryl J Wildt
- Envigo, 8520 Allison Pointe Boulevard, Indianapolis IN 46250, USA
| | - Becky L Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David Lodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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Cuenya L, Sabariego M, Donaire R, Callejas-Aguilera JE, Torres C, Fernández-Teruel A. Exploration of a novel object in late adolescence predicts novelty-seeking behavior in adulthood: Associations among behavioral responses in four novelty-seeking tests. Behav Processes 2016; 125:34-42. [PMID: 26852869 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The sensation/novelty seeking behavioral trait refers to the exploration/preference for a novel environment. Novelty seeking increases during late adolescence and it has been associated with several neurobehavioral disorders. In this experiment, we asked whether inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA-I, RLA-I) rats (1) differ in novelty seeking in late adolescence and (2) whether late adolescent novelty seeking predicts this trait in adulthood. Thirty six male RHA-I and 36 RLA-I rats were exposed to a novel object exploration (NOE) test during late adolescence (pnd: 52-59; DEPENDENT VARIABLES contact latency, contact time, contact frequency). Head-dipping (hole-board, HB), time and visits to a novel-arm (Y-maze), and latency-in and emergence latency (emergence test) were registered in adulthood (pnd: 83-105). The results showed strain differences in all these tests (RHA-I>RLA-I). Factor analysis (RHA-I+RLA-I) revealed two clusters. The first one grouped HB and emergence test measures. The second one grouped NOE and Y-maze variables. Time exploring a novel object (NOE) was a significant predictor of novel arm time (RHA-I+RLA, RHA-I); contact latency was a significant predictor of novel arm frequency (RLA-I). Present results show consistent behavioral associations across four novelty-seeking tests and suggest that late adolescent novelty seeking predicts this genetically-influenced temperamental trait in adult Roman rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cuenya
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Sabariego
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rocío Donaire
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Torres
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Jaén, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sánchez-González A, Esnal A, Río-Álamos C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Association between prepulse inhibition of the startle response and latent inhibition of two-way avoidance acquisition: A study with heterogeneous NIH-HS rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 155:195-201. [PMID: 26700617 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first evaluation of the associations between responses in two paradigms related to schizophrenia in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock. NIH-HS rats are a stock of genetically heterogeneous animals that have been derived from eight different inbred strains. A rotational breeding schedule has been followed for more than eighty generations, leading to a high level of genetic recombination that makes the NIH-HS rats a unique tool for studying the genetic basis of (biological, behavioral, disease-related) complex traits. Previous work has dealt with the characterization of coping styles, cognitive and anxiety/fear-related profiles of NIH-HS rats. In the present study we have completed their characterization in two behavioral models, prepulse inhibition (PPI) and latent inhibition (LI) of the two-way active avoidance response, that appear to be related to schizophrenia or to schizophrenia-relevant symptoms. We have found that these rats display PPI for each of the four prepulse intensities tested, allowing their stratification in high, medium and low PPI subgroups. When testing these three subgroups for LI of two-way active avoidance acquisition it has been observed that the LowPPI and MediumPPI subgroups present impaired LI, which, along with the fact that the HighPPI group presents significant LI, allows us to hypothesize that responses in these two paradigms are somehow related and that selection of NIH-HS rats for Low vs HighPPI could make a promising animal model for the study of clusters of schizophrenia-relevant symptoms and their underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aitor Esnal
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Río-Ȧlamos C, Oliveras I, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Martínez-Membrives E, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Neonatal handling decreases unconditioned anxiety, conditioned fear, and improves two-way avoidance acquisition: a study with the inbred Roman high (RHA-I)- and low-avoidance (RLA-I) rats of both sexes. Front Behav Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217201 PMCID: PMC4498386 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the long-lasting effects of neonatal handling (NH; administered during the first 21 days of life) on unlearned and learned anxiety-related responses in inbred Roman High- (RHA-I) and Low-avoidance (RLA-I) rats. To this aim, untreated and neonatally-handled RHA-I and RLA-I rats of both sexes were tested in the following tests/tasks: a novel object exploration (NOE) test, the elevated zero maze (ZM) test, a “baseline acoustic startle” (BAS) test, a “context-conditioned fear” (CCF) test and the acquisition of two-way active—shuttle box—avoidance (SHAV). RLA-I rats showed higher unconditioned (novel object exploration test -“NOE”-, elevated zero maze test -“ZM”-, BAS), and conditioned (CCF, SHAV) anxiety. NH increased exploration of the novel object in the NOE test as well as exploration of the open sections of the ZM test in both rat strains and sexes, although the effects were relatively more marked in the (high anxious) RLA-I strain and in females. NH did not affect BAS, but reduced CCF in both strains and sexes, and improved shuttle box avoidance acquisition especially in RLA-I (and particularly in females) and in female RHA-I rats. These are completely novel findings, which indicate that even some genetically-based anxiety/fear-related phenotypes can be significantly modulated by previous environmental experiences such as the NH manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Río-Ȧlamos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Membrives E, López-Aumatell R, Blázquez G, Cañete T, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Spatial learning in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock and RLA-I/RHA-I rats: revisiting the relationship with unconditioned and conditioned anxiety. Physiol Behav 2015; 144:15-25. [PMID: 25747770 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To characterize learning/memory profiles for the first time in the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock, and to examine whether these are associated with anxiety, we evaluated NIH-HS rats for spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and in the following anxiety/fear tests: the elevated zero-maze (ZM; unconditioned anxiety), a context-conditioned fear test and the acquisition of two-way active avoidance (conditioned anxiety). NIH-HS rats were compared with the Roman High- (RHA-I) and Low-Avoidance (RLA-I) rat strains, given the well-known differences between the Roman strains/lines in anxiety-related behavior and in spatial learning/memory. The results show that: (i) As expected, RLA-I rats were more anxious in the ZM test, displayed more frequent context-conditioned freezing episodes and fewer avoidances than RHA-I rats. (ii) Scores of NIH-HS rats in these tests/tasks mostly fell in between those of the Roman rat strains, and were usually closer to the values of the RLA-I strain. (iii) Pigmented NIH-HS (only a small part of NIH-HS rats were albino) rats were the best spatial learners and displayed better spatial memory than the other three (RHA-I, RLA-I and NIH-HS albino) groups. (iv) Albino NIH-HS and RLA-I rats also showed better learning/memory than the RHA-I strain. (v) Within the NIH-HS stock, the most anxious rats in the ZM test presented the best learning and/or memory efficiency (regardless of pigmentation). In summary, NIH-HS rats display a high performance in spatial learning/memory tasks and a passive coping strategy when facing conditioned conflict situations. In addition, unconditioned anxiety in NIH-HS rats predicts better spatial learning/memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Regina López-Aumatell
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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44
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Sanna F, Piludu MA, Corda MG, Melis MR, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Involvement of dopamine in the differences in sexual behaviour between Roman high and low avoidance rats: An intracerebral microdialysis study. Behav Brain Res 2015; 281:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Oliveras I, Río-Álamos C, Cañete T, Blázquez G, Martínez-Membrives E, Giorgi O, Corda MG, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Prepulse inhibition predicts spatial working memory performance in the inbred Roman high- and low-avoidance rats and in genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rats: relevance for studying pre-attentive and cognitive anomalies in schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:213. [PMID: 26347624 PMCID: PMC4539526 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of schizophrenia-relevant symptoms are increasingly important for progress in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the disorder and for discovering novel and more specific treatments. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) and working memory, which are impaired in schizophrenic patients, are among the symptoms/processes modeled in those animal analogs. We have evaluated whether a genetically-selected rat model, the Roman high-avoidance inbred strain (RHA-I), displays PPI deficits as compared with its Roman low-avoidance (RLA-I) counterpart and the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock. We have investigated whether PPI deficits predict spatial working memory impairments (in the Morris water maze; MWM) in these three rat types (Experiment 1), as well as in a separate sample of NIH-HS rats stratified according to their extreme (High, Medium, Low) PPI scores (Experiment 2). The results from Experiment 1 show that RHA-I rats display PPI and spatial working memory deficits compared to both RLA-I and NIH-HS rats. Likewise, in Experiment 2, "Low-PPI" NIH-HS rats present significantly impaired working memory with respect to "Medium-PPI" and "High-PPI" NIH-HS subgroups. Further support to these results comes from correlational, factorial, and multiple regression analyses, which reveal that PPI is positively associated with spatial working memory performance. Conversely, cued learning in the MWM was not associated with PPI. Thus, using genetically-selected and genetically heterogeneous rats, the present study shows, for the first time, that PPI is a positive predictor of performance in a spatial working memory task. These results may have translational value for schizophrenia symptom research in humans, as they suggest that either by psychogenetic selection or by focusing on extreme PPI scores from a genetically heterogeneous rat stock, it is possible to detect a useful (perhaps "at risk") phenotype to study cognitive anomalies linked to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignasi Oliveras and Alberto Fernández-Teruel, Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ;
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Membrives
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G. Corda
- Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignasi Oliveras and Alberto Fernández-Teruel, Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ;
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46
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Dopamine is involved in the different patterns of copulatory behaviour of Roman high and low avoidance rats: Studies with apomorphine and haloperidol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gracceva G, Herde A, Groothuis TGG, Koolhaas JM, Palme R, Eccard JA. Turning Shy on a Winter's Day: Effects of Season on Personality and Stress Response inMicrotus arvalis. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gracceva
- Behavioural Physiology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Behavioural Biology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Antje Herde
- Department of Animal Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - Ton G. G. Groothuis
- Behavioural Biology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. Koolhaas
- Behavioural Physiology; Institute of Behavioural Neurosciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rupert Palme
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - Jana A. Eccard
- Department of Animal Ecology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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Klein A, Ultved L, Adamsen D, Santini M, Tobeña A, Fernandez-Teruel A, Flores P, Moreno M, Cardona D, Knudsen G, Aznar S, Mikkelsen J. 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor binding levels are related to differences in impulsive behavior in the Roman Low- (RLA) and High- (RHA) avoidance rat strains. Neuroscience 2014; 263:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sanna F, Corda MG, Melis MR, Piludu MA, Giorgi O, Argiolas A. Male Roman high and low avoidance rats show different patterns of copulatory behaviour: Comparison with Sprague Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 127:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Knapp DJ, Daws LC, Overstreet DH. Behavioral Characteristics of Pharmacologically Selected Lines of Rats: Relevance to Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2014.43026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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