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Li Q, Liao Q, Qi S, Huang H, He S, Lyu W, Liang J, Qin H, Cheng Z, Yu F, Dong X, Wang Z, Han L, Han Y. Opportunities and perspectives of small molecular phosphodiesterase inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116386. [PMID: 38614063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). PDE inhibition promotes the gene transcription by activating cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), initiating gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The procedure exerts neuroprotective profile, and motor and cognitive improving efficacy. From this point of view, PDE inhibition will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we summarized the PDE inhibitors that have entered the clinical trials or been discovered in recent five years. Well-designed clinical or preclinical investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of PDE inhibitors, such as decreasing Aβ oligomerization and tau phosphorylation, alleviating neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating neuronal plasticity and improving long-term cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 256699, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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Delhaye S, Jarjat M, Boulksibat A, Sanchez C, Tempio A, Turtoi A, Giorgi M, Lacas-Gervais S, Baj G, Rovere C, Trezza V, Pellegrini M, Maurin T, Lalli E, Bardoni B. Defects in AMPAR trafficking and microglia activation underlie socio-cognitive deficits associated to decreased expression of phosphodiesterase 2 a. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106393. [PMID: 38154608 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2 A (PDE2A) is an enzyme involved in the homeostasis of cAMP and cGMP and is the most highly expressed PDE in human brain regions critical for socio-cognitive behavior. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, PDE2A expression level is upregulated in Fmr1-KO mice, a model of the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indeed, PDE2A translation is negatively modulated by FMRP, whose functional absence causes FXS. While the pharmacological inhibition of PDE2A has been associated to its pro-cognitive role in normal animals and in models of ID and ASD, homozygous PDE2A mutations have been identified in patients affected by ID, ASD and epilepsy. To clarify this apparent paradox about the role of PDE2A in brain development, we characterized here Pde2a+/- mice (homozygote animals being not viable) at the behavioral, cellular, molecular and electrophysiological levels. Pde2a+/- females display a milder form of the disorder with reduced cognitive performance in adulthood, conversely males show severe socio-cognitive deficits throughout their life. In males, these phenotypes are associated with microglia activation, elevated glutathione levels and increased externalization of Glutamate receptor (GluR1) in CA1, producing reduced mGluR-dependent Long-term Depression. Overall, our results reveal molecular targets of the PDE2A-dependent pathway underlying socio-cognitive performance. These results clarify the mechanism of action of pro-cognitive drugs based on PDE2A inactivation, which have been shown to be promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, FXS as well as other forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Delhaye
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Marielle Jarjat
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Asma Boulksibat
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Alessandra Tempio
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, DAHFMO, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Gabriele Baj
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carole Rovere
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, DAHFMO, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Maurin
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- CNRS UMR7275, Inserm U1323, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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Campolo F, Assenza MR, Venneri MA, Barbagallo F. Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087617. [PMID: 37108780 PMCID: PMC10146088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Assenza
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Kolb M, Crestani B, Maher TM. Phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition: a potential novel strategy for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220206. [PMID: 36813290 PMCID: PMC9949383 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0206-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with interstitial lung disease can develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterised by an irreversible, progressive decline in lung function despite treatment. Current therapies slow, but do not reverse or stop, disease progression and are associated with side-effects that can cause treatment delay or discontinuation. Most crucially, mortality remains high. There is an unmet need for more efficacious and better-tolerated and -targeted treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. Pan-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, the use of oral inhibitors can be complicated due to class-related systemic adverse events, including diarrhoea and headaches. The PDE4B subtype, which has an important role in inflammation and fibrosis, has been identified in the lungs. Preferentially targeting PDE4B has the potential to drive anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects via a subsequent increase in cAMP, but with improved tolerability. Phase I and II trials of a novel PDE4B inhibitor in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have shown promising results, stabilising pulmonary function measured by change in forced vital capacity from baseline, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Further research into the efficacy and safety of PDE4B inhibitors in larger patient populations and for a longer treatment period is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, France,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Corresponding author: Toby M. Maher ()
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Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Vacanti V, Arancio O, Puzzo D, Palmeri A. Nitric oxide/cGMP/CREB pathway and amyloid-beta crosstalk: From physiology to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:657-668. [PMID: 36400326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, resulting in an increase of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and consequent synthesis of plasticity-related proteins. The NO/cGMP/CREB signaling is downregulated during aging and neurodegenerative disorders and is affected by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein, whose increase and deposition is considered the key pathogenic event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, in physiological conditions, the crosstalk between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ ensures long-term potentiation and memory formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ in the healthy and diseased brain, offering a new perspective to shed light on AD pathophysiology. We will focus on the synaptic mechanisms underlying Aβ physiological interplay with cGMP pathway and how this balance is corrupted in AD, as high levels of Aβ interfere with NO production and cGMP molecular signaling leading to cognitive impairment. Finally, we will discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies proposing the increase of cGMP signaling as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Vacanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina (EN), 94018, Italy.
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Bechay KR, Abduljawad N, Latifi S, Suzuki K, Iwashita H, Carmichael ST. PDE2A Inhibition Enhances Axonal Sprouting, Functional Connectivity, and Recovery after Stroke. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8225-8236. [PMID: 36163142 PMCID: PMC9653274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0730-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have been safely and effectively used in the clinic and increase the concentration of intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP). These molecules activate downstream mediators, including the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which controls neuronal excitability and growth responses. CREB gain of function enhances learning and allocates neurons into memory engrams. CREB also controls recovery after stroke. PDE inhibitors are linked to recovery from neural damage and to stroke recovery in specific sites within the brain. PDE2A is enriched in cortex. In the present study, we use a mouse cortical stroke model in young adult and aged male mice to test the effect of PDE2A inhibition on functional recovery, and on downstream mechanisms of axonal sprouting, tissue repair, and the functional connectivity of neurons in recovering cortex. Stroke causes deficits in use of the contralateral forelimb, loss of axonal projections in cortex adjacent to the infarct, and functional disconnection of neuronal networks. PDE2A inhibition enhances functional recovery, increases axonal projections in peri-infarct cortex, and, through two-photon in vivo imaging, enhances the functional connectivity of motor system excitatory neurons. PDE2A inhibition after stroke does not have an effect on other aspects of tissue repair, such as angiogenesis, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, and inflammatory responses. These data suggest that PDE2A inhibition is an effective therapeutic approach for stroke recovery in the rodent and that it simultaneously enhances connectivity in peri-infarct neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inhibition of PDE2A enhances motor recovery, axonal projections, and functional connectivity of neurons in peri-infarct tissue. This represents an avenue for a pharmacological therapy for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirollos Raouf Bechay
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nora Abduljawad
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Shahrzad Latifi
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kazunori Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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The Antidepressant-like Activity, Effects on Recognition Memory Deficits, Bioavailability, and Safety after Chronic Administration of New Dual-Acting Small Compounds Targeting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911452. [PMID: 36232749 PMCID: PMC9569954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extend the body of preclinical research on prototype dual-acting compounds combining the pharmacophores relevant for inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE10A) and serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT7 receptor (5-HT1AR/5-HT7R) activity into a single chemical entity (compounds PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6). After i.v. administration of PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6 to rats, the brain to plasma ratio was 0.9 and 8.60, respectively. After i.g. administration, the brain to plasma ratio was 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. An antidepressant-like effect was observed for PQA-AZ6 in the forced swim test, after chronic 21-day treatment via i.p. administration with 1 mg/kg/day. Both compounds revealed an increased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6 completely reversed (+)-MK801-induced memory disturbances comparable with the potent PDE10 inhibitor, compound PQ-10. In the safety profile that included measurements of plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentration, liver enzyme activity, the total antioxidant activity of serum, together with weight gain, compounds exhibited no significant activity. However, the studied compounds had different effects on human normal fibroblast cells as revealed in in vitro assay. The pharmacokinetic and biochemical results support the notion that these novel dual-acting compounds might offer a promising therapeutic tool in CNS-related disorders.
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Khalsa SS, Victor TA, Kuplicki R, Yeh HW, Vanover KE, Paulus MP, Davis RE. Single doses of a highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1 (lenrispodun) in healthy volunteers: a randomized pharmaco-fMRI clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1844-1853. [PMID: 35488084 PMCID: PMC9372139 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lenrispodun is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 1, which is thought to prolong intracellular second messenger signaling within cortical and subcortical dopaminergic brain regions. This is the first study of a PDE1 inhibitor in healthy volunteers using behavioral and neuroimaging approaches to examine its effects on neural targets and to provide a safety and tolerability assessment. The primary objectives were to determine whether lenrispodun induces changes in BOLD fMRI signals in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during the stop signal task, and the dorsal anterior insula (dAI) during the extinction phase of a fear conditioning/extinction task. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, 26 healthy individuals (22 completed all fMRI sessions) received in random order a single oral dose of placebo, lenrispodun 1.0 milligram (mg) or lenrispodun 10.0 mg and completed several tasks in the scanner including the stop signal (n = 24) and fear conditioning/extinction tasks (n = 22). Prespecified region-of-interest analyses for the IFG and dAI were computed using linear mixed models. Lenrispodun induced increases in IFG activity during the stop signal task at 1.0 mg (Cohen's d = 0.63) but not 10.0 mg (Cohen's d = 0.07) vs. placebo. Lenrispodun did not induce changes in dAI activity during fear extinction at either dose. Exploratory outcomes revealed changes in cardiac interoception. Lenrispodun administration was well-tolerated. These results provide evidence that 1.0 mg lenrispodun selectively improved neural inhibitory control without altering fear extinction processing. Future investigations should determine whether lenrispodun improves inhibitory control in target populations such as individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03489772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | | | | | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Yan Y, Gao S, Avasthi S, Zhao Y, Ye J, Tao Y, Wang W, Zhu X, Du F, O'Donnell JM, Xu Y. Protective effects of phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor against Aβ 1-42 induced neuronal toxicity. Neuropharmacology 2022; 213:109128. [PMID: 35588859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 2 ameliorates memory loss upon exposure to oxidative stress. While whether memory enhancing effects of PDE2 inhibition on Alzheimer's disease mouse model are involved in antioxidant defense and neuronal remodeling, are largely unexplored. The present study addressed whether and how PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 rescued Aβ oligomers (Aβo)-induced neuronal damage and memory impairment. The results suggested that exposure of primary cortical neurons to Aβo induced neuronal cells damage and increased PDE2 expression, which were paralleled to an increase in the oxidative parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cellular apoptosis. However, this Aβo-induced oxidative damage was blocked by pre-treatment with protein kinase A or G (PKA or PKG) inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of cAMP/cGMP signaling. Moreover, microinjection of Aβo into the prefrontal cortex of mice increased the MDA level; while Bay 60-7550 reversed this effect and increased antioxidant and anti-apoptotic factors, i.e. increased trolox-equivalent-antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Bay 60-7550 also rescued Aβo-induced synaptic atrophy and memory deficits, as evidenced by the increased synaptic proteins' levels and spine density in the prefrontal cortex, and improved cognitive behaviors by decreased working memory errors in the eight-arm maze and increased discrimination index in the novel object recognition test. These findings suggest that inhibition of PDE2 contributes to antioxidant defense and neuronal remodeling by regulation of cAMP/cGMP signaling, which provide a theoretical basis for the future use of PDE2 inhibitors as the anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shichao Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shivani Avasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jianghong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Yuanxiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fu Du
- FD Neurotechnologies, Inc., Elicott City, MD, 21041, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
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11
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Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:679-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Jyoti Dutta B, Singh S, Seksaria S, Das Gupta G, Bodakhe SH, Singh A. Potential role of IP3/Ca 2+ signaling and phosphodiesterases: Relevance to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and possible therapeutic strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115071. [PMID: 35525328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite large investments by industry and governments, no disease-modifying medications for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found. The failures of various clinical trials indicate the need for a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of AD and for innovative therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Here, we review the rational for targeting IP3 signaling, cytosolic calcium dysregulation, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and secondary messengers like cGMP and cAMP, as well as their correlations with the pathophysiology of AD. Various drugs targeting these signaling cascades are still in pre-clinical and clinical trials which support the ideas presented in this article. Further, we describe different molecular mechanisms and medications currently being used in various pre-clinical and clinical trials involving IP3/Ca+2 signaling. We also highlight various isoforms, as well as the functions and pharmacology of the PDEs broadly expressed in different parts of the brain and attempt to unravel the potential benefits of PDE inhibitors for use as novel medications to alleviate the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur - 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India.
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13
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Design, synthesis, and behavioral evaluation of dual-acting compounds as phosphodiesterase type 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors and serotonin ligands targeting neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Schiavi S, Carbone E, Melancia F, di Masi A, Jarjat M, Brau F, Cardarelli S, Giorgi M, Bardoni B, Trezza V. Phosphodiesterase 2A inhibition corrects the aberrant behavioral traits observed in genetic and environmental preclinical models of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 35338117 PMCID: PMC8956682 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), has recently been proposed as a novel therapeutic tool for Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we investigated the role of PDE2A in ASD pathogenesis using two rat models that reflect one of either the genetic or environmental factors involved in the human disease: the genetic Fmr1-Δexon 8 rat model and the environmental rat model based on prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA, 500 mg/kg). Prior to behavioral testing, the offspring was treated with the PDE2A inhibitor BAY607550 (0.05 mg/kg at infancy, 0.1 mg/kg at adolescence and adulthood). Socio-communicative symptoms were assessed in both models through the ultrasonic vocalization test at infancy and three-chamber test at adolescence and adulthood, while cognitive impairments were assessed by the novel object recognition test in Fmr1-Δexon 8 rats (adolescence and adulthood) and by the inhibitory avoidance test in VPA-exposed rats (adulthood). PDE2A enzymatic activity in VPA-exposed infant rats was also assessed. In line with the increased PDE2A enzymatic activity previously observed in the brain of Fmr1-KO animals, we found an altered upstream regulation of PDE2A activity in the brain of VPA-exposed rats at an early developmental age (p < 0.05). Pharmacological inhibition of PDE2A normalized the communicative (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), social (p < 0.001, p < 0.05), and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001) displayed by both Fmr1-Δexon 8 and VPA-exposed rats. Altogether, these data highlight a key role of PDE2A in brain development and point to PDE2A inhibition as a promising pharmacological approach for the deficits common to both FXS and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schiavi
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Deptartment of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Carbone
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Deptartment of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Melancia
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Deptartment of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Deptartment of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marielle Jarjat
- grid.429194.30000 0004 0638 0649Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Fréderic Brau
- grid.429194.30000 0004 0638 0649Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- grid.7841.aDeptartment of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Giorgi
- grid.7841.aDeptartment of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IPMC, 06560, Valbonne, France.
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Deptartment of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy.
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15
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Kocik RA, Gasch AP. Breadth and Specificity in Pleiotropic Protein Kinase A Activity and Environmental Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803392. [PMID: 35252178 PMCID: PMC8888911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is an essential kinase that is conserved across eukaryotes and plays fundamental roles in a wide range of organismal processes, including growth control, learning and memory, cardiovascular health, and development. PKA mediates these responses through the direct phosphorylation of hundreds of proteins-however, which proteins are phosphorylated can vary widely across cell types and environmental cues, even within the same organism. A major question is how cells enact specificity and precision in PKA activity to mount the proper response, especially during environmental changes in which only a subset of PKA-controlled processes must respond. Research over the years has uncovered multiple strategies that cells use to modulate PKA activity and specificity. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of PKA signaling control including subcellular targeting, phase separation, feedback control, and standing waves of allosteric regulation. We discuss how the complex inputs and outputs to the PKA network simultaneously pose challenges and solutions in signaling integration and insulation. PKA serves as a model for how the same regulatory factors can serve broad pleiotropic functions but maintain specificity in localized control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Kocik
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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16
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Xi M, Sun T, Chai S, Xie M, Chen S, Deng L, Du K, Shen R, Sun H. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for cognitive amelioration in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Mikami S. Discovery of Clinical Candidate TAK-915, a Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrating Novel Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Al-Nema MY, Gaurav A. Phosphodiesterase as a Target for Cognition Enhancement in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2404-2421. [PMID: 32533817 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200613202641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects more than 1% of the population worldwide. Dopamine system dysfunction and alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission are strongly implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. To date, antipsychotic drugs are the only available treatment for the symptoms of schizophrenia. These medications, which act as D2-receptor antagonist, adequately address the positive symptoms of the disease, but they fail to improve the negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. In schizophrenia, cognitive impairment is a core feature of the disorder. Therefore, the treatment of cognitive impairment and the other symptoms related to schizophrenia remains a significant unmet medical need. Currently, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are considered the best drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia since many PDE subfamilies are abundant in the brain regions that are relevant to cognition. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the mechanism of PDEs in treating the symptoms of schizophrenia and summarises the encouraging results of PDE inhibitors as anti-schizophrenic drugs in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasah Y Al-Nema
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Gaurav
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Paes D, Xie K, Wheeler DG, Zook D, Prickaerts J, Peters M. Inhibition of PDE2 and PDE4 synergistically improves memory consolidation processes. Neuropharmacology 2021; 184:108414. [PMID: 33249120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the only enzymes that degrade cAMP and cGMP which are second messengers crucial to memory consolidation. Different PDE inhibitors have been developed and tested for their memory-enhancing potential, but the occurrence of side effects has hampered clinical progression. As separate inhibition of the PDE2 and PDE4 enzyme family has been shown to enhance memory, we investigated whether concurrent treatment with a PDE2 and PDE4 inhibitor can have synergistic effects on memory consolidation processes. We found that combined administration of PF-999 (PDE2 inhibitor) and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitor) increases the phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and induces CRE-mediated gene expression. Moreover, when combined sub-effective and effective doses of PF-999 and roflumilast were administered after learning, time-dependent forgetting was abolished in an object location memory task. Pharmacokinetic assessment indicated that combined treatment does not alter exposure of the individual compounds. Taken together, these findings suggest that combined PDE2 and PDE4 inhibition has synergistic effects on memory consolidation processes at sub-effective doses, which could therefore provide a therapeutic strategy with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Keqiang Xie
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Damian G Wheeler
- Target Discovery & Behavioral Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Douglas Zook
- DMPK, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Peters
- Target Discovery & Behavioral Pharmacology, Dart Neuroscience, LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA; Neurobiology and Behavior & Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 213 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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20
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Jiang H, Zheng Y, Ni J, Xu Y. BAY 73-6691 Alters Neuron Plasticity and Phosphorylation of Tau Through Regulation of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase G/Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive and memory decline, accompanying with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and senile plaques (SP) accumulated by β-amyloid protein (Aβ).
BAY 73-6691, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE-9), can improve learning and memory of elderly rats. However, the effects of BAY 73-6691 on neuroapoptotic and neuroinflammatory events, as well as synaptic plasticity of differentiated PC12 cells are remain unclear. In this work, we screened
apoptotic cells induced by Aβ25-35 via flow cytometry. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 secreted by PC12 cells were estimated by ELISA kits. The levels of cGMP, PKG and CREB mediated by BAY 73-6691 were assessed. Moreover, we conducted western blots analysis
to evaluate the phosphorylation of tau and synaptic related proteins. Results showed that BAY 73-6691 could reduce Aβ25-35-triggered neuroapoptosis and neuroinflammation. Phosphorylation of tau was inhibited by BAY 73-6691, whereas sildenafil citrate (SC, an inhibitor
of cGMP) partially weakened the effect of BAY 73-6691. Additionally, synaptic plasticity restored by BAY 73-6691 was also suppressed via SC. Taken together, BAY 73-6691 exhibited neuro protective effects, and altered tau phosphorylation as well as synaptic related proteins through cGMP/PKG/CREB
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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21
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Delhaye S, Bardoni B. Role of phosphodiesterases in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4570-4582. [PMID: 33414502 PMCID: PMC8589663 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes involved in the homeostasis of both cAMP and cGMP. They are members of a family of proteins that includes 11 subfamilies with different substrate specificities. Their main function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP, or both. cAMP and cGMP are two key second messengers that modulate a wide array of intracellular processes and neurobehavioral functions, including memory and cognition. Even if these enzymes are present in all tissues, we focused on those PDEs that are expressed in the brain. We took into consideration genetic variants in patients affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, phenotypes of animal models, and pharmacological effects of PDE inhibitors, a class of drugs in rapid evolution and increasing application to brain disorders. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of PDE modulators to treat neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by learning and memory impairment, alteration of behaviors associated with depression, and deficits in social interaction. Indeed, clinical trials are in progress to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Among the most recent results, the application of some PDE inhibitors (PDE2A, PDE3, PDE4/4D, and PDE10A) to treat neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability, is a significant advance, since no specific therapies are available for these disorders that have a large prevalence. In addition, to highlight the role of several PDEs in normal and pathological neurodevelopment, we focused here on the deregulation of cAMP and/or cGMP in Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and intellectual disability associated with the CC2D1A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Delhaye
- grid.429194.30000 0004 0638 0649Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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22
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Ribaudo G, Ongaro A, Zagotto G, Memo M, Gianoncelli A. Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors against Neurodegeneration: The Perspective of the Medicinal Chemist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1726-1739. [PMID: 32401481 PMCID: PMC8007108 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Increasing human
life expectancy prompts the development of novel
remedies for cognitive decline: 44 million people worldwide are affected
by dementia, and this number is predicted to triple by 2050. Acetylcholinesterase
and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors represent
the targets of currently available drugs for Alzheimer’s disease,
which are characterized by limited efficacy. Thus, the search for
therapeutic agents with alternative or combined mechanisms of action
is wide open. Since variations in 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine
monophosphate, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,
and/or nitric oxide levels interfere with downstream pathways involved
in memory processes, evidence supporting the potential of phosphodiesterase
(PDE) inhibitors in contrasting neurodegeneration should be
critically considered. For the preparation of this Review, more than
140 scientific papers were retrieved by searching PubMed and Scopus
databases. A systematic approach was adopted when overviewing the
different PDE isoforms, taking into account details on brain localization,
downstream molecular mechanisms, and inhibitors currently under study,
according to available in vitro and in vivo data. In the context of drug repurposing, a section focusing on
PDE5 was introduced. Original computational studies were performed
to rationalize the emerging evidence that suggests the role of PDE5
inhibitors as multi-target agents against neurodegeneration.
Moreover, since such compounds must cross the blood–brain barrier
and reach inhibitory concentrations in the central nervous system
to exert their therapeutic activity, physicochemical parameters
were analyzed and discussed. Taken together, literature and computational
data suggest that some PDE5 inhibitors, such as tadalafil, represent
promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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23
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Persson J, Szalisznyó K, Antoni G, Wall A, Fällmar D, Zora H, Bodén R. Phosphodiesterase 10A levels are related to striatal function in schizophrenia: a combined positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:451-459. [PMID: 31119377 PMCID: PMC7210243 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is being investigated as a treatment option in schizophrenia. PDE10A acts postsynaptically on striatal dopamine signaling by regulating neuronal excitability through its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and we recently found it to be reduced in schizophrenia compared to controls. Here, this finding of reduced PDE10A in schizophrenia was followed up in the same sample to investigate the effect of reduced striatal PDE10A on the neural and behavioral function of striatal and downstream basal ganglia regions. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan with the PDE10A ligand [11C]Lu AE92686 was performed, followed by a 6 min resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in ten patients with schizophrenia. To assess the relationship between striatal function and neurophysiological and behavioral functioning, salience processing was assessed using a mismatch negativity paradigm, an auditory event-related electroencephalographic measure, episodic memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) and executive functioning using trail-making test B. Reduced striatal PDE10A was associated with increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) within the putamen and substantia nigra, respectively. Higher ALFF in the substantia nigra, in turn, was associated with lower episodic memory performance. The findings are in line with a role for PDE10A in striatal functioning, and suggest that reduced striatal PDE10A may contribute to cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K. Szalisznyó
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G. Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Wall
- PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden ,Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Zora
- Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Bodén
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Ruan L, Du K, Tao M, Shan C, Ye R, Tang Y, Pan H, Lv J, Zhang M, Pan J. Phosphodiesterase-2 Inhibitor Bay 60-7550 Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment via Regulation of the HPA Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:432. [PMID: 31632240 PMCID: PMC6783519 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with cognitive deficits. Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 and 5 has already proven to be effective in reducing beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-mediated pathology by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, suggesting that PDE-dependent signaling is involved in Aβ1-42-induced HPA axis dysfunction. However, nausea and vomiting are the side effects of some PDE4 inhibitors, which turn our attention to other PDEs. PDE2 are highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex, which associate with learning and memory, but not in the area postrema that would cause vomiting. The present study suggested that microinjection of Aβ1-42 to the intracerebroventricle induced learning and memory impairments and dysregulation of the HPA axis by increased expression of CRF and GR. However, the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. The Aβ1-42-induced increased CRF and GR levels were also reversed by the treatment with Bay 60-7550. These Bay 60-7550's effects were prevented by pretreatment with the PKG inhibitor KT5823. Moreover, the Bay 60-7550-induced downstream phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was also prevented (or partially prevented) by KT5823 or the PKA inhibitor H89. These results may lead to the discovery of novel strategies for the treatment of age-related cognitive disorders, such as AD, which affects approximately 44 million people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ruan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Du
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Tao
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Ye
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Tang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanbo Pan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meixi Zhang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Pingyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingyang County, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Nabavi SM, Talarek S, Listos J, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Roberto de Oliveira M, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A, D'onofrio G, Orhan IE, Sureda A, Xu S, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors say NO to Alzheimer's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110822. [PMID: 31536753 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40 isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the second messengers in cell functions. PDE inhibitors (PDEIs) have been attractive therapeutic targets due to their involvement in diverse medical conditions, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc. Among them; AD with a complex pathology is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affect mostly senile people in the world and only symptomatic treatment particularly using cholinesterase inhibitors in clinic is available at the moment for AD. Consequently, novel treatment strategies towards AD are still searched extensively. Since PDEs are broadly expressed in the brain, PDEIs are considered to modulate neurodegenerative conditions through regulating cAMP and cGMP in the brain. In this sense, several synthetic or natural molecules inhibiting various PDE subtypes such as rolipram and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitors), vinpocetine (PDE1 inhibitor), cilostazol and milrinone (PDE3 inhibitors), sildenafil and tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitors), etc have been reported showing encouraging results for the treatment of AD. In this review, PDE superfamily will be scrutinized from the view point of structural features, isoforms, functions and pharmacology particularly attributed to PDEs as target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grazia D'onofrio
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Saeedeh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Wu Y, Zhou Q, Zhang T, Li Z, Chen YP, Zhang P, Yu YF, Geng H, Tian YJ, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen JW, Chen Y, Luo HB. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors against Phosphodiesterase-9, a Novel Target for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4218-4224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tianhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fa Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haiju Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Liu L, Zheng J, Huang XF, Zhu X, Ding SM, Ke HM, O'Donnell JM, Zhang HT, Song GQ, Xu Y. The neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1, a novel selective PDE2 inhibitor. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:652-660. [PMID: 29704309 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression is currently the most common mood disorder. Regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been paid much attention for treatment of depression. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Hcyb1, a novel PDE2 inhibitor, in HT-22 cells and antidepressant-like effects in mouse models of depression. METHODS Hcyb1 was synthesized and its selectivity upon PDE2 was tested. Moreover, HT-22 hippocampal cells were used to determine the effects of Hcyb1 on cell viability, cyclic nucleotide levels, and the downstream molecules related to cAMP/cGMP signaling by neurochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and immunoblot assays in vitro. The antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1 were also determined in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice. RESULTS Hcyb1 had a highly selective inhibition of PDE2A (IC50 = 0.57 ± 0.03 μmol/L) and over 250-fold selectivity against other recombinant PDE family members. Hcyb1 at concentrations of 10-10 and 10-9 mol/L significantly increased cell viability after treatment for 24 hours. At concentrations of 10-9 ~10-7 mol/L, Hcyb1 also increased cGMP levels by 1.7~2.3 folds after 10-minute treatment. Furthermore, Hcyb1 at the concentrations of 10-9 mol/L increased both cGMP and cAMP levels 24 hours after treatment. The levels of phosphorylation of CREB and BDNF were also increased by Hcyb1 treatment in HT-22 cells for 24 hours. Finally, in the in vivo tests, Hcyb1 (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, i.g.) decreased the immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, without altering locomotor activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the novel PDE2 inhibitor Hcyb1 produced neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects most likely mediated by cAMP/cGMP-CREB-BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xian-Feng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ming Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Heng-Ming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Schröder S, Wenzel B, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Egerland U, Höfgen N, Briel D, Steinbach J, Brust P. Investigation of an 18F-labelled Imidazopyridotriazine for Molecular Imaging of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 2A. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030556. [PMID: 29498659 PMCID: PMC6017663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific radioligands for in vivo visualization and quantification of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) by positron emission tomography (PET) are increasingly gaining interest in brain research. Herein we describe the synthesis, the 18F-labelling as well as the biological evaluation of our latest PDE2A (radio-)ligand 9-(5-Butoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-([18F])fluoroethoxy)-7-methylimidazo[5,1-c]pyrido[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazine (([18F])TA5). It is the most potent PDE2A ligand out of our series of imidazopyridotriazine-based derivatives so far (IC50 hPDE2A = 3.0 nM; IC50 hPDE10A > 1000 nM). Radiolabelling was performed in a one-step procedure starting from the corresponding tosylate precursor. In vitro autoradiography on rat and pig brain slices displayed a homogenous and non-specific binding of the radioligand. Investigation of stability in vivo by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) analyses of plasma and brain samples obtained from mice revealed a high fraction of one main radiometabolite. Hence, we concluded that [18F]TA5 is not appropriate for molecular imaging of PDE2A neither in vitro nor in vivo. Our ongoing work is focusing on further structurally modified compounds with enhanced metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Ute Egerland
- BioCrea GmbH, Radebeul 01445, Germany; (U.E.); (N.H.)
| | | | - Detlef Briel
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany;
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
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Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Bollen EPP, Prickaerts J. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and modulation of corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits: Clinical overview and translational considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:233-254. [PMID: 29454746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits contribute to the neurobiological underpinnings of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Based on biological function, these circuits can be clustered into motor circuits, associative/cognitive circuits and limbic circuits. Together, dysfunctions in these circuits produce the wide range of symptoms observed in related neuropsychiatric disorders. Intracellular signaling in these circuits is largely mediated through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway with an additional role for the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/ protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, both of which can be regulated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE inhibitors). Through their effects on cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated PhosphoProtein MR 32 kDa (DARPP-32), cyclic nucleotide pathways are involved in synaptic transmission, neuron excitability, neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. In this clinical review, we provide an overview of the current clinical status, discuss the general mechanism of action of PDE inhibitors in relation to the corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits and consider several translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E P P Bollen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nakashima M, Imada H, Shiraishi E, Ito Y, Suzuki N, Miyamoto M, Taniguchi T, Iwashita H. Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor TAK-915 Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments and Social Withdrawal in N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist-Induced Rat Models of Schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:179-188. [PMID: 29440309 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been associated with glutamatergic dysfunction. Modulation of the glutamatergic signaling pathway, including N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, can provide a new therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly expressed in the forebrain, and is a dual substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP, which play pivotal roles as intracellular second messengers downstream of NMDA receptors. Here we characterize the in vivo pharmacological profile of a selective and brain-penetrant PDE2A inhibitor, (N-{(1S)-1-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-methoxyethyl}-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide) (TAK-915) as a novel treatment of schizophrenia. Oral administration of TAK-915 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly increased cGMP levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor subunit GluR1 in the rat hippocampus. TAK-915 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated episodic memory deficits induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-MK-801 hydrogen maleate (MK-801) in the rat passive avoidance test. TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated working memory deficits induced by MK-801 in the rat radial arm maze test. Additionally, TAK-915 at 10 mg/kg prevented subchronic phencyclidine-induced social withdrawal in social interaction in rats. In contrast, TAK-915 did not produce antipsychotic-like activity; TAK-915 had little effect on MK-801- or methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats. These results suggest that TAK-915 has a potential to ameliorate cognitive impairments and social withdrawal in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Imada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit (M.N., H.Im., E.S., Y.I., N.S., T.T., H.Iw.) and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories (M.M.), Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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Wu Y, Li Z, Huang YY, Wu D, Luo HB. Novel Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5467-5483. [PMID: 29363967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest public health challenges. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superenzyme family responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Since several PDE subfamilies are highly expressed in the human brain, the inhibition of PDEs is involved in neurodegenerative processes by regulating the concentration of cAMP and/or cGMP. Currently, PDEs are considered as promising targets for the treatment of AD since many PDE inhibitors have exhibited remarkable cognitive improvement effects in preclinical studies and over 15 of them have been subjected to clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarize the outstanding progress that has been made by PDE inhibitors as anti-AD agents with encouraging results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, underlying mechanisms, and limitations of these PDE inhibitors in the treatment of AD are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Deyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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32
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The Role of Phosphodiesterase-2 in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:307-347. [PMID: 28956338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide PDEs are a super-family of enzymes responsible for regulating intracellular levels of the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Through their catalysis, PDEs are able to exert tight regulation over these important intracellular signaling cascades. Previously, PDEs have been implicated in learning and memory, as well as in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. PDE2 is of special interest due to its high level of expression in the forebrain, specifically in the isocortex, entorhinal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and medial habenula. Many of these brain regions are considered participants of the limbic system, which is known as the emotional regulatory center of the brain, and is important for modulating emotion and long-term memory. Therefore, PDE2s coincidental expression in these areas suggests an important role for PDE2 in these behaviors, and researchers are continuing to uncover the complex connections. It was shown that PDE2 inhibitors have pro-cognitive effects in tests of memory, including the object recognition test. PDE2 inhibitors are also protective against cognitive deficits in various models of cognitive impairment. Additionally, PDE2 inhibitors are protective against many different forms of stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Currently, there is a great need for novel therapeutics for the treatment of mood and cognitive disorders, especially anxiety and depression, and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and PDE2 is emerging as a viable target for future drug development for many of these diseases.
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Wennogle LP, Hoxie H, Peng Y, Hendrick JP. Phosphodiesterase 1: A Unique Drug Target for Degenerative Diseases and Cognitive Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:349-384. [PMID: 28956339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) family. PDE1 is one member of the 11 PDE families (PDE 1-11). It is the only phosphodiesterase family that is calcium/calmodulin activated. As a result, whereas other families of PDEs 2-11 play a dominant role controlling basal levels of cyclic nucleotides, PDE1 is involved when intra-cellular calcium levels are elevated and, thus, has an "on demand" or activity-dependent involvement in the control of cyclic nucleotides in excitatory cells including neurons, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle. As a Class 1 phosphodiesterase, PDE1 hydrolyzes the 3' bond of 3'-5'-cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Here, we review evidence for this family of enzymes as drug targets for development of therapies aimed to address disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and of degenerative diseases. The chapter includes sections on the potential for cognitive enhancement in mental disorders, as well as a review of PDE1 enzyme structure, enzymology, tissue distribution, genomics, inhibitors, pharmacology, clinical trials, and therapeutic indications. Information is taken from public databases. A number of excellent reviews of the phosphodiesterase family have been written as well as reviews of the PDE1 family. References cited here are not comprehensive, rather pointing to major reviews and key publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wennogle
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA.
| | - Helen Hoxie
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Rutgers University, 7 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Joseph P Hendrick
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA
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Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Catalano S. Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99179-99202. [PMID: 29228762 PMCID: PMC5716802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a promising approach to restore normal intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling, and thereby resulting into the activation of various downstream molecules to inhibit proliferation, motility and invasion of certain cancer cells. In this review, we present an overview of the experimental and clinical evidences highlighting the role of PDE5 in the pathogenesis and prevention of various malignancies. Current data are still not sufficient to draw conclusive statements for cancer patient management, but could provide further rational for testing PDE5-targeting drugs as anticancer agents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Mikami S, Sasaki S, Asano Y, Ujikawa O, Fukumoto S, Nakashima K, Oki H, Kamiguchi N, Imada H, Iwashita H, Taniguchi T. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable, Brain-Penetrating, in Vivo Active Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor Lead Series for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7658-7676. [PMID: 28759228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the discovery of a potent, selective, brain-penetrating, in vivo active phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A inhibitor lead series. To identify high-quality leads suitable for optimization and enable validation of the physiological function of PDE2A in vivo, structural modifications of the high-throughput screening hit 18 were performed. Our lead generation efforts revealed three key potency-enhancing functionalities with minimal increases in molecular weight (MW) and no change in topological polar surface area (TPSA). Combining these structural elements led to the identification of 6-methyl-N-((1R)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (38a), a molecule with the desired balance of preclinical properties. Further characterization by cocrystal structure analysis of 38a bound to PDE2A uncovered a unique binding mode and provided insights into its observed potency and PDE selectivity. Compound 38a significantly elevated 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in mouse brain following oral administration, thus validating this compound as a useful pharmacological tool and an attractive lead for future optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mikami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Asano
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Ujikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakashima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamiguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruka Imada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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36
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Mikami S, Nakamura S, Ashizawa T, Nomura I, Kawasaki M, Sasaki S, Oki H, Kokubo H, Hoffman ID, Zou H, Uchiyama N, Nakashima K, Kamiguchi N, Imada H, Suzuki N, Iwashita H, Taniguchi T. Discovery of Clinical Candidate N-((1S)-1-(3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methoxyethyl)-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide (TAK-915): A Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrating Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7677-7702. [PMID: 28796496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A inhibitors have emerged as a novel mechanism with potential therapeutic option to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease through upregulation of cyclic nucleotides in the brain and thereby achieve potentiation of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This article details the expedited optimization of our recently disclosed pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine lead compound 4b, leading to the discovery of clinical candidate 36 (TAK-915), which demonstrates an appropriate combination of potency, PDE selectivity, and favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, including brain penetration. Successful identification of 36 was realized through application of structure-based drug design (SBDD) to further improve potency and PDE selectivity, coupled with prospective design focused on physicochemical properties to deliver brain penetration. Oral administration of 36 demonstrated significant elevation of 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in mouse brains and improved cognitive performance in a novel object recognition task in rats. Consequently, compound 36 was advanced into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mikami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ashizawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Izumi Nomura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hironori Kokubo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Isaac D Hoffman
- Takeda California, Inc. , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Takeda California, Inc. , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Noriko Uchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakashima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamiguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruka Imada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Taniguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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37
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Lueptow LM. Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28892027 DOI: 10.3791/55718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The object recognition test (ORT) is a commonly used behavioral assay for the investigation of various aspects of learning and memory in mice. The ORT is fairly simple and can be completed over 3 days: habituation day, training day, and testing day. During training, the mouse is allowed to explore 2 identical objects. On test day, one of the training objects is replaced with a novel object. Because mice have an innate preference for novelty, if the mouse recognizes the familiar object, it will spend most of its time at the novel object. Due to this innate preference, there is no need for positive or negative reinforcement or long training schedules. Additionally, the ORT can also be modified for numerous applications. The retention interval can be shortened to examine short-term memory, or lengthened to probe long-term memory. Pharmacological intervention can be used at various times prior to training, after training, or prior to recall to investigate different phases of learning (i.e., acquisition, early or late consolidation, or recall). Overall, the ORT is a relatively low-stress, efficient test for memory in mice, and is appropriate for the detection of neuropsychological changes following pharmacological, biological, or genetic manipulations.
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Prickaerts J, Heckman PRA, Blokland A. Investigational phosphodiesterase inhibitors in phase I and phase II clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1033-1048. [PMID: 28772081 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1364360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors improve signaling pathways in brain circuits by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the last decade, the first clinical studies investigating selective PDE inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been initiated, based on their positive effects on cognitive processes and neuroprotection in numerous animal studies. Areas covered: This article reviews the clinical studies investigating the pro-cognitive/neuroprotective effects of PDE inhibitors in patients with AD, as well as in age-associated memory impaired elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the prodromal stage of AD. PDE inhibitors will also be discussed with respect to adverse effects including safety and tolerability. Expert opinion: The limited available data of clinical studies with PDE inhibitors tested in different populations of AD patients do not allow the drawing of any concrete conclusion yet. Currently, studies with a PDE3 (cilostazol) or PDE9 inhibitor (BI 409,306) are still ongoing in patients with MCI or AD, respectively. Studies with PDE4 inhibitors (HT-0712, roflumilast and BPN14770) in healthy elderly and elderly with age-associated memory impairments indicate that the optimum dose and/or inhibiting the most relevant PDE isoform hold great promise when tested in the appropriate population of patients with MCI or AD eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Prickaerts
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,b Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- b Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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39
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5673-5698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey L. Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Forman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John F. Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E. Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J. Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne W. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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40
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Maehara S, Arakawa K, Hoshida K, Nagasue H, Chida N, Nakao K, Furusako S. Pharmacological characterization of a novel potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 2A inhibitor, PDM-631. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:110-116. [PMID: 28587776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a novel phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor, PDM-631 ((S)-3-cyclopropyl-6-methyl-1-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one). PDM-631 showed potent inhibitory activities for human and rat PDE2A with IC50 values of 1.5 and 4.2nM, respectively and more than 2000-fold selectivity against other phosphodiesterases. In rat studies, PDM-631 showed oral bioavailability and good brain penetration, and increased the cGMP levels in the cortex. These data indicate that PDM-631 is a potent, selective, orally active, and brain-penetrable PDE2A inhibitor. In behavioral studies using rat models, PDM-631 (3-30mg/kg) resulted in better discrimination between a novel object and a familiar one 48h after the acquisition phase in the novel object recognition test, thus indicating that PDM-631 increased object recognition memory. In contrast, PDM-631 did not attenuate the conditioned avoidance response at the same dose range (3-30mg/kg) in rats, indicating that PDM-631 did not show an antipsychotic-like effect. In test for extrapyramidal side effect, PDM-631 had no effect on catalepsy at the effective doses (10 and 30mg/kg) in the novel object recognition test, while haloperidol caused catalepsy at a dose of 3mg/kg. Our results suggest that PDM-631 is a good pharmacological tool that can be used to investigate the role of PDE2A and may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disorders, without any extrapyramidal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Maehara
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan.
| | - Keita Arakawa
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hoshida
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagasue
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Noboru Chida
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakao
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Shoji Furusako
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
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Knott EP, Assi M, Rao SNR, Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E696. [PMID: 28338622 PMCID: PMC5412282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide diversity of perturbations of the central nervous system (CNS) result in structural damage to the neuroarchitecture and cellular defects, which in turn are accompanied by neurological dysfunction and abortive endogenous neurorepair. Altering intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and immune regulation, neural cell death, axon plasticity and remyelination has shown therapeutic benefit in experimental models of neurological disease and trauma. The second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), are two such intracellular signaling targets, the elevation of which has produced beneficial cellular effects within a range of CNS pathologies. The only known negative regulators of cyclic nucleotides are a family of enzymes called phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or guanylate monophosphate (GMP). Herein, we discuss the structure and physiological function as well as the roles PDEs play in pathological processes of the diseased or injured CNS. Further we review the approaches that have been employed therapeutically in experimental paradigms to block PDE expression or activity and in turn elevate cyclic nucleotide levels to mediate neuroprotection or neurorepair as well as discuss both the translational pathway and current limitations in moving new PDE-targeted therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Knott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Mazen Assi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Sudheendra N R Rao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Neuroscience Program, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Bruce Wayne Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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42
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Snyder GL, Vanover KE. PDE Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:385-409. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Current Understanding of PDE10A in the Modulation of Basal Ganglia Circuitry. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:15-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. From Age-Related Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer's Disease: A Translational Overview of the Potential Role for Phosphodiesterases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:135-168. [PMID: 28956332 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) are pharmacological compounds enhancing cAMP and/or cGMP signaling. Both these substrates affect neural communication by influencing presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic intracellular pathways after neurotransmitter binding to its receptor. Both cAMP and cGMP play an important role in a variety of cellular functions including neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. This chapter provides a translational overview of the effects of different classes of PDE-Is on cognition enhancement in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most effective PDE-Is in preclinical models of aging and AD appear to be PDE2-Is, PDE4-Is and PDE5-Is. Clinical studies are relatively sparse and so far PDE1-Is and PDE4-Is showed some promising results. In the future, the demonstration of clinical proof of concept and the generation of isoform selective PDE-Is are the hurdles to overcome in developing safe and efficacious novel PDE-Is for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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45
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Geerts H, Spiros A, Roberts P. Phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors in clinical development for CNS disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:553-560. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1268531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Geerts
- In Silico Biosciences Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Berwyn, PA, USA
| | - Athan Spiros
- In Silico Biosciences Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Berwyn, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Roberts
- In Silico Biosciences Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Berwyn, PA, USA
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Soares LM, Meyer E, Milani H, Steinbusch HWM, Prickaerts J, de Oliveira RMW. The phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor BAY 60-7550 reverses functional impairments induced by brain ischemia by decreasing hippocampal neurodegeneration and enhancing hippocampal neuronal plasticity. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:510-520. [PMID: 27813297 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and affective impairments are the most characterized consequences following cerebral ischemia. BAY 60-7550, a selective phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor (PDE2-I), presents memory-enhancing and anxiolytic-like properties. The behavioral effects of BAY 60-7550 have been associated with its ability to prevent hydrolysis of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) thereby interfering with neuronal plasticity. Here, we hypothesize that PDE2-I treatment could promote functional recovery after brain ischemia. Mice C57Bl/6 were submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), an experimental model of transient brain ischemia, for 20 min. During 21 days after reperfusion, the animals were tested in a battery of behavioral tests including the elevated zero maze (EZM), object location task (OLT) and forced swim test (FST). The effects of BAY 60-7550 were evaluated on neuronal nuclei (NeuN), caspase-9, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. BCCAO increased anxiety levels, impaired hippocampus-dependent cognitive function and induced despair-like behavior in mice. Hippocampal neurodegeneration was evidenced by a decrease in NeuN and increase incaspase-9 protein levels in BCCAO mice. Ischemic mice also showed low BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus. Repeated treatment with BAY 60-7550 attenuated the behavioral impairments induced by BCCAO in mice. Concomitantly, BAY 60-7550 enhanced expression of pCREB and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus of ischemic mice. The present findings suggest that chronic inhibition of PDE2 provides functional recovery in BCCAO mice possibly by augmenting hippocampal neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Mendes Soares
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rúbia M Weffort de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Guo L, Guo Z, Luo X, Liang R, Yang S, Ren H, Wang G, Zhen X. Phosphodiesterase 10A inhibition attenuates sleep deprivation-induced deficits in long-term fear memory. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:44-50. [PMID: 27743798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, is implicated in the consolidation of emotional memories. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of a phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor MP-10 on deficits in long-term fear memory induced by REM sleep deprivation (REM-SD). REM-SD caused deficits in long-term fear memory, however, MP-10 administration ameliorated the deleterious effects of REM-SD on long term fear memory. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) were altered in specific brain regions associated with learning and memory in REM-SD rats. Accordingly, REM-SD caused a significant decrease of pCREB in hippocampus and striatum and a significant decrease of BDNF in the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala, however, MP-10 reversed the effects of REM-SD in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that REM-SD disrupts the consolidation of long-term fear memory and that administration of MP-10 protects the REM-SD-induced deficits in fear memory, which may be due to the MP-10-induced expression of BDNF in the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala, and phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus and striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengqiu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Zhuangli Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road,Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Rui Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Shui Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou Health College, 28 Kehua Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Trabanco AA, Buijnsters P, Rombouts FJR. Towards selective phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitors: a patent review (2010 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:933-46. [PMID: 27321640 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are ubiquitous intracellular second messengers regulating a large variety of biological processes. The intracellular concentration of these biologically relevant molecules is modulated by the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a class of enzymes that is grouped in 11 families. The expression of PDEs is tissue- and cell-specific allowing spatiotemporal integration of multiple signaling cascades. PDE2A is a dual substrate enzyme and is expressed in both the periphery and in the central nervous system, however its expression is highest in the brain, where it is mainly localized in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. This suggests that this enzyme may regulate intraneuronal cGMP and cAMP levels in brain areas involved in emotion, perception, concentration, learning and memory. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patent applications published between January 2010 and February 2016 on phosphodiesterase 2A inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Recent publications in the literature and in filed patent applications demonstrate the interest of pharmaceutical companies for PDE2A. This has increased the insights of its possible therapeutic role but the few clinical trials were terminated. Based on the ongoing interest in the field it is likely that new clinical trials can be expected and will unravel the therapeutic potential of PDE2A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Trabanco
- a A Division of Janssen-Cilag S.A., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Toledo , Spain
| | - Peter Buijnsters
- b A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Beerse , Belgium
| | - Frederik J R Rombouts
- b A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Beerse , Belgium
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Bharne AP, Borkar CD, Bodakuntla S, Lahiri M, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM. Pro-cognitive action of CART is mediated via ERK in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1313-27. [PMID: 27258934 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is detected in several cortical and subcortical areas, its role in higher functions has been largely ignored. We examined the significance of CART in memory formation and tested if the downstream actions of CART involve N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) activated extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Newly formed memory was evaluated using novel object recognition test consisting of familiarization (T1) and choice trials (T2). The choice trials were performed at two time points: 30-min (T230-min ) and 24-h (T224-h ) postacquisition. In choice trial (T230-min ), vehicle control rats explored the novel object for significantly longer duration than the familiar object indicating intact memory formation. However, CART-antibody, U0126 [ERK antagonist, both via intracerebroventricular (icv) or intrahippocampal (ih) route] or MK-801 (NMDA antagonist; intraperitoneal) treated rats spent less time exploring novel objects; CART peptide (icv or ih) was ineffective. During choice trial at T224-h , a significant decrease in novel object exploration time was noticed in vehicle control rats suggesting amnesia. However, treatment with CART, prior to familiarization trial (T1), promoted exploration of the novel object even at T224-h . Pretreatment with U0126 or MK-801 blocked pro-cognitive-like effect of CART suggesting involvement of NMDA-ERK pathway in CART's action. Animals subjected to the object familiarization trial showed a drastic increase in the CART-immunoreactivity in the cells of cornu ammonis 3 and polymorph layer of dentate gyrus, and fibers within ento- (ENT) and peri-rhinal (PRH) cortices. Western blot analysis revealed that CART treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of phospo-ERK1/2 in hippocampus, ENT and PRH. This effect was attenuated following pretreatment with U0126 or MK-801, suggesting the activation of ERK signaling cascade through NMDA receptors. Thus, CART system seems to play an important role in recognition memory and that these effects may be mediated by NMDA receptors-ERK signaling in the ENT/PRH-hippocampal circuit. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish P Bharne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Chandrashekhar D Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Nishikant K Subhedar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.
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50
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The effects of PDE10 inhibition on attentional set-shifting do not depend on the activation of dopamine D1 receptors. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:331-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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