1
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Sang F, Zhao S, Li Z, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Cortical thickness reveals sex differences in verbal and visuospatial memory. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae067. [PMID: 38451300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported the sex differences in behavior/cognition and the brain, the sex difference in the relationship between memory abilities and the underlying neural basis in the aging process remains unclear. In this study, we used a machine learning model to estimate the association between cortical thickness and verbal/visuospatial memory in females and males and then explored the sex difference of these associations based on a community-elderly cohort (n = 1153, age ranged from 50.42 to 86.67 years). We validated that females outperformed males in verbal memory, while males outperformed females in visuospatial memory. The key regions related to verbal memory in females include the medial temporal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and some regions around the insula. Further, those regions are more located in limbic, dorsal attention, and default-model networks, and are associated with face recognition and perception. The key regions related to visuospatial memory include the lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and some occipital regions. They overlapped more with dorsal attention, frontoparietal and visual networks, and were associated with object recognition. These findings imply the memory performance advantage of females and males might be related to the different memory processing tendencies and their associated network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiru Yang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Mohamed Aly L, Masi M, Montanaro M, Ricciardelli P. The effect of negative emotion processing on spatial navigation: an experimental study using virtual reality. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1301981. [PMID: 38274671 PMCID: PMC10808736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding one's way in unfamiliar environments is an essential ability. When navigating, people are overwhelmed with an enormous amount of information. However, some information might be more relevant than others. Despite the mounting knowledge about the mechanisms underlying orientational skills, and the notable effects of facial emotions on human behavior, little is known about emotions' effects on spatial navigation. Hereby, this study aimed to explore how exposure to others' negative emotional facial expressions affects wayfinding performances. Moreover, gender differences that characterize both processes were considered. Fifty-five participants (31 females) entered twice in three realistic virtual reality environments: the first time, to encode a route to find an object and then to recall the learned path to reach the same object again. In between the two explorations of the virtual environment, participants were asked to undergo a gender categorization task during which they were exposed to sixty faces showing either neutral, fearful, or angry expressions. Results showed a significant interaction between emotions, time, and gender. In particular, the exposition to fearful faces, but not angry and neutral ones, decreased males' wayfinding performances (i.e., travel times and distance travelled), while females' performances were unaffected. Possible explanations for such gender and emotional dissimilarities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mohamed Aly
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- MiBTec, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Masi
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Paola Ricciardelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MiBTec, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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3
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Zhou Z, Gao Y, Feng R, Zhuo L, Bao W, Liang K, Qiu H, Cao L, Tang M, Li H, Zhang L, Huang G, Huang X. Aberrant intrinsic hippocampal and orbitofrontal connectivity in drug-naive adolescent patients with major depressive disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2363-2374. [PMID: 36115899 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been highly implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the researches have penetrated to the subregional level. However, relatively little is known about the intrinsic connectivity patterns of these two regions in adolescent MDD (aMDD), especially that of their functional subregions. Therefore, in the current study, we recruited 68 first-episode drug-naive aMDD patients and 43 matched typically developing controls (TDC) to characterize the alterations of whole-brain rsFC patterns in hippocampus and OFC at both regional and subregional levels in aMDD. The definition of specific functional subregions in hippocampus and OFC were based on the prior functional clustering-analysis results. Furthermore, the relationship between rsFC alterations and clinical features was also explored. Compared to TDC group, aMDD patients showed decreased connectivity of the left whole hippocampus with bilateral OFC and right inferior temporal gyrus at the regional level and increased connectivity between one of the right hippocampal subregions and right posterior insula at the subregional level. Reduced connectivity of OFC was only found in the subregion of left OFC with left anterior insula extending to lenticula in aMDD patients relative to TDC group. Our study identifies that the aberrant hippocampal and orbitofrontal rsFC was predominantly located in the insular cortex and could be summarized as an altered hippo-orbitofrontal-insular circuit in aMDD, which may be the unique features of brain network dysfunction in depression at this particular age stage. Moreover, we observed the distinct rsFC alterations in adolescent depression at the subregional level, especially the medial and lateral OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruohan Feng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Weijie Bao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyue Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Psychoradiology Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Nakamura M, Kawata Y, Hirosawa M, Ota T, Shibata N. Differential effects of acute exercise on emotional memory in men and women. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1062051. [PMID: 37234750 PMCID: PMC10208400 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1062051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise may change emotional memory, which is associated with the induction of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. This effect of exercise may be influenced by exercise-induced cortisol release. Depending on sex, cortisol exerts differential effects on emotional memory consolidation. However, whether acute exercise and exercise-induced cortisol release have sex-dependent effects on emotional memory has not been established. Therefore, first, we aimed to determine the effects of acute exercise on emotional memory, separately for men and women, in a within-subjects design. Second, we aimed to examine whether the effects of acute exercise on emotional memory are related to the effects of exercise-induced cortisol release, separately for men and women. Sixteen healthy men and 15 healthy women were presented with positive and negative emotional images, followed by either rest or a vigorous-intensity cycling exercise condition using a within-subjects design on separate days. Salivary cortisol was measured before presenting the emotional images presentation and 20 min after each intervention. Emotional memory was assessed two days later. Vigorous-intensity exercise decreased emotional memory in women, whereas there was no change in men after rest or exercise. Cortisol levels increased after exercise intervention in both men and women, although there was no association between cortisol levels and emotional memory. These findings demonstrate that the effect of a single bout of vigorous-intensity exercise on emotional memory differs between men and women and is associated with decreased emotional memory in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Nakamura
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kawata
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Hirosawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Ota
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuto Shibata
- Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Traynor JM, Wrege JS, Walter M, Ruocco AC. Dimensional personality impairment is associated with disruptions in intrinsic intralimbic functional connectivity. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1323-1333. [PMID: 34376260 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently proposed alternative dimensional models of personality disorder (PD) place the severity of impairments in self and interpersonal functioning at the core of personality pathology. However, associations of these impairments with disturbances in social, cognitive, and affective brain networks remain uninvestigated. METHODS The present study examined patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 74 age- and sex-matched participants (45 inpatients with PD and 29 healthy controls). At a minimum, PD patients carried a diagnosis of borderline PD, although the majority of the sample had one or more additional PDs. rsFC patterns in the following networks were compared between groups and in association with dimensional personality impairments: default mode network (DMN)/core mentalization, frontolimbic, salience, and central executive. Further, the extent to which variation in rsFC was explained by levels of personality impairment as compared to typology-specific borderline PD symptom severity was explored. RESULTS Relative to controls, the PD group showed disruptions in rsFC within the DMN/core mentalization and frontolimbic networks. Among PD patients, greater severity of dimensional self-interpersonal impairment was associated with stronger intralimbic rsFC. In contrast, severity of borderline PD-specific typology was not associated with any rsFC patterns. CONCLUSIONS Disruptions in core mentalization and affective networks are present in PD. Higher intralimbic functional connectivity may underlie self-interpersonal personality impairment in PD regardless of diagnostic typology-specific PD symptoms, providing initial neurobiological evidence supporting alternative dimensional conceptualizations of personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Traynor
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes S Wrege
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Ghrelin Is Effective on Passive Avoidance Memory by Altering the Expression of NMDAR and HTR1a Genes in the Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:380-386. [PMID: 34981014 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Memory-dependent psychological behaviors have an important role in life. Memory strengthening in adulthood to prevent its defects in aging is a significant issue. The ghrelin endogenous hormone improves memory by targeting glutamatergic and serotonergic circuits. Also, citicoline, a memory strengthening drug in aging, is not recommended to adults due to its side effects. The current study aims to test that ghrelin treatment, like citicoline, would improve passive avoidance memory via expression of the genes encoding the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR1) and the serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1α) involved in this process. Methods Five groups of adult male rats received (1) saline (as control), (2) 0.5 mg/kg citicoline, or (3-5) 0.3, 1.5, and 3 nmol/μl ghrelin). The rats received the drugs via intra-hippocampal injection. Passive avoidance memory was determined using a shuttle box device. The latency to enter the dark chamber before (IL) and after (RL) injection and the total duration of the animal's presence in the light compartment (TLC) were evaluated. Then, the gene expression rates of NMDAR1 and HTR1α were measured by the Real-Time PCR. Results Ghrelin and citicoline had some similar and significant effects on passive avoidance memory, and both increased NMDAR1 and decreased HTR1α expression. Conclusion Ghrelin, like citicoline, improves passive avoidance learning by altering the NMDAR1 and HTR1α expression in the hippocampus.
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7
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Robinson JL, Zhou X, Bird RT, Leavitt MJ, Nichols SJ, Blaine SK, Deshpande G. Neurofunctional Segmentation Shifts in the Hippocampus. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:729836. [PMID: 34790106 PMCID: PMC8592061 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.729836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most phylogenetically preserved structures in the mammalian brain. Engaged in a host of diverse cognitive processes, there has been increasing interest in understanding how the hippocampus dynamically supports these functions. One of the lingering questions is how to reconcile the seemingly disparate cytoarchitectonic organization, which favors a dorsal-ventral layering, with the neurofunctional topography, which has strong support for longitudinal axis (anterior-posterior) and medial-lateral orientation. More recently, meta-analytically driven (e.g., big data) approaches have been employed, however, the question remains whether they are sensitive to important task-specific features such as context, cognitive processes recruited, or the type of stimulus being presented. Here, we used hierarchical clustering on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired from healthy individuals at 7T using a battery of tasks that engage the hippocampus to determine whether stimulus or task features influence cluster profiles in the left and right hippocampus. Our data suggest that resting state clustering appears to favor the cytoarchitectonic organization, while task-based clustering favors the neurofunctional clustering. Furthermore, encoding tasks were more sensitive to stimulus type than were recognition tasks. Interestingly, a face-name paired associate task had nearly identical clustering profiles for both the encoding and recognition conditions of the task, which were qualitatively morphometrically different than simple encoding of words or faces. Finally, corroborating previous research, the left hippocampus had more stable cluster profiles compared to the right hippocampus. Together, our data suggest that task-based and resting state cluster profiles are different and may account for the disparity or inconsistency in results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Quora Inc., Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Ryan T Bird
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mackenzie J Leavitt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Steven J Nichols
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sara K Blaine
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Key Lab for Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.,Center for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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8
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Safari S, Ahmadi N, Mohammadkhani R, Ghahremani R, Khajvand-Abedeni M, Shahidi S, Komaki A, Salehi I, Karimi SA. Sex differences in spatial learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in Wistar rats. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2021; 17:9. [PMID: 34724971 PMCID: PMC8559395 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that gender may have a significant impact on brain functions. However, the reports of sex effects on spatial ability and synaptic plasticity in rodents are divergent and controversial. Here spatial learning and memory was measured in male and female rats by using Morris water maze (MWM) task. Moreover, to assess sex difference in hippocampal synaptic plasticity we examined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. RESULTS In MWM task, male rats outperformed female rats, as they had significantly shorter swim distance and escape latency to find the hidden platform during training days. During spatial reference memory test, female rats spent less time and traveled less distance in the target zone. Male rats also had larger LTP at PP-DG synapses, which was evident in the high magnitude of population spike (PS) potentiation and the field excitatory post synaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that sex differences in the LTP at PP-DG synapses, possibly contribute to the observed sex difference in spatial learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Safari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nesa Ahmadi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ghahremani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran.
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9
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Castillo J, Carmona I, Commins S, Fernández S, Ortells JJ, Cimadevilla JM. Spatial Recognition Memory: Differential Brain Strategic Activation According to Sex. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:736778. [PMID: 34539360 PMCID: PMC8441006 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.736778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human spatial memory research has significantly progressed since the development of computerized tasks, with many studies examining sex-related performances. However, few studies explore the underlying electrophysiological correlates according to sex. In this study event-related potentials were compared between male and female participants during the performance of an allocentric spatial recognition task. Twenty-nine university students took part in the research. Results showed that while general performance was similar in both sexes, the brain of males and females displayed a differential activation. Males showed increased N200 modulation than females in the three phases of memory process (encoding, maintenance, and retrieval). Meanwhile females showed increased activation of P300 in the three phases of memory process compared to males. In addition, females exhibited more negative slow wave (NSW) activity during the encoding phase. These differences are discussed in terms of attentional control and the allocation of attentional resources during spatial processing. Our findings demonstrate that sex modulates the resources recruited to performed this spatial task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Castillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Isabel Carmona
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Sean Commins
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan José Ortells
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cimadevilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Center, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain
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10
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Kim TH, Choi E, Kim H, Kim SY, Kim Y, Kim BN, Park S, Jung KI, Park B, Park MH. The Association Between Hippocampal Volume and Level of Attention in Children and Adolescents. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:671735. [PMID: 34512278 PMCID: PMC8427798 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.671735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, which engages in the process of consolidating long-term memories and learning, shows active development during childhood and adolescence. The hippocampus also functionally influences attention. Based on the influence of hippocampal function on attention, it was expected that the volume of the hippocampus would be associated with the difference in attention during childhood and adolescence, in which the brain develops actively. Thus, this study examined the association between hippocampal volume and attention metrics measured by the continuous performance test (CPT) in 115 children and adolescents (mean age = 12.43 ± 3.0, 63 male and 52 female). In association studies with both auditory and visual attention, we found that the bilateral hippocampal volumes showed negative relationships with auditory omission errors. A smaller volume of the left hippocampus also led to a longer auditory response time. However, visual attention did not show any significant relationship with the hippocampal volume. These findings were consistent even after adjusting for the effects of the related covariates (e.g., age, insomnia, and depression). Taken together, this study suggested that the increase in hippocampal volume during childhood and adolescence was associated significantly with better auditory attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Nolé ML, Higuera-Trujillo JL, Llinares C. Effects of Classroom Design on the Memory of University Students: From a Gender Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179391. [PMID: 34501981 PMCID: PMC8431349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Classroom design has important effects on the cognitive functions of students. However, this relationship has rarely been analysed in terms of gender. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to analyse the influence of different design variables (classroom geometry, wall colour, and artificial lighting) on university students’ memories from a gender perspective. To do so, 100 university students performed a memory task while visualising different design configurations using a virtual reality setup. Key results show that certain parameters, such as 5.23 m classroom width, 10,500 Kelvin lighting colour temperature, or the blue hue on the walls influence men and women in a similar way, while a purple hue or walls with low colour saturation can generate significantly different behaviour, especially in cognitive processes such as short-term memory. In this study, the use of virtual reality proved to be a useful tool to explore the design effects of virtual learning environments, increasingly present due to training trends and catalysed by the 2020 pandemic. This is a turning point and an international novelty as it will enable the design of classrooms (both physical and virtual) that maximise the cognitive functions of learners, regardless of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Nolé
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (i3B), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (i3B), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llinares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (i3B), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Babaei P, Eyvani K, Kouhestani S. Sex-Independent Cognition Improvement in Response to Kaempferol in the Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1480-1486. [PMID: 33710535 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with neural oxidative stress and inflammation, and it is assumed to affect more women than men with unknown mechanisms. Kaempferol (KMP) as a potent natural antioxidant has been known to exhibit various biological and pharmacological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. We aimed here to evaluate the role of gender difference in response to KMP on the rat model of sporadic AD. Forty-six female and male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of sham, streptozotocin (STZ) + saline (SAL), STZ + KMP. Female rats were ovariectomized, and then all animals received an intracerebroventricular bilateral injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) to induce the AD model. KMP (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 21 consecutive days. Afterward, spatial learning and memory were assessed via the Morris water maze task (MWM). Finally, the hippocampus level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and malondialdehyde were measured using calorimetric kits. Data showed a significant cognition deficit in STZ + SAL compared with the sham. To sum up, we reported that chronic KMP treatment increase significantly improved acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory as evident by longer TTS (total time spent) and short-latency to the platform in MWM. In addition, KMP increased the levels of SOD and glutathione in the hippocampus of rats. Also, KMP decreased hippocampal levels of malondialdehyde in both genders. In conclusion, KMP successfully restores spatial memory impairment independent of gender difference. This memory restoration may at least in part be mediated through boosting the hippocampal level of SOD and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kimia Eyvani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kouhestani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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13
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Guo J, Zhang K, Zhang J, Zhao R, Liang Y, Lin Y, Yu S, Qin W, Yang X. Decoding Spatial Memory Retrieval in Cubical Space Using fMRI Signals. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:624352. [PMID: 34084128 PMCID: PMC8168467 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.624352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The way spatial memory retrieval is represented in the brain remains unclear to date. Previous studies have displayed a hippocampus-centered navigation network using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. There have been some studies on the representation of navigation behavior by signal distribution patterns, but only in the hippocampus and adjacent structures. In this study, we aimed to determine (1) the brain regions that represent information in both intensity and distribution patterns during spatial memory retrieval and (2) whether the patterns of neural responses represent spatial memory retrieval behavior performance. Both univariate analysis [general linear model (GLM)] and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) were employed to reveal the spatial distributions of brain responses elicited by spatial memory retrieval. Correlation analyses were performed to detect the correspondences between brain responses and behavior performance. We found that spatial memory retrieval occurred in widespread brain regions, including the bilateral hippocampi, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral superior parietal lobules, bilateral occipital lobes, and cerebellum. The amplitude of activation in the left hippocampus showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.46, p = 0.039) with the number of task completions. Additionally, within-subject classification accuracies based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal patterns of the right middle temporal gyrus (rMTG) rostral areas in the Brainnetome Atlas showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001) with retrieval accuracy. In summary, our findings have implications for understanding the separation between navigational and non-navigational states and emphasizing the utility of MVPA in the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibo Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Fernandez‐Baizan C, Arias JL, Mendez M. Egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in young children: A comparison with young adults. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernandez‐Baizan
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA) 33003 Oviedo Spain
- Department of Psychology University of Oviedo 33003 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA) 33003 Oviedo Spain
- Department of Psychology University of Oviedo 33003 Oviedo Spain
| | - Marta Mendez
- Neuroscience Institute of Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA) 33003 Oviedo Spain
- Department of Psychology University of Oviedo 33003 Oviedo Spain
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15
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Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:667-697. [PMID: 33621637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem data, emphasizing meta-analyses and other large studies, which collectively reveal few reliable sex/gender differences and a history of unreplicated claims. Males' brains are larger than females' from birth, stabilizing around 11 % in adults. This size difference accounts for other reproducible findings: higher white/gray matter ratio, intra- versus interhemispheric connectivity, and regional cortical and subcortical volumes in males. But when structural and lateralization differences are present independent of size, sex/gender explains only about 1% of total variance. Connectome differences and multivariate sex/gender prediction are largely based on brain size, and perform poorly across diverse populations. Task-based fMRI has especially failed to find reproducible activation differences between men and women in verbal, spatial or emotion processing due to high rates of false discovery. Overall, male/female brain differences appear trivial and population-specific. The human brain is not "sexually dimorphic."
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16
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Belchev Z, Boulos ME, Rybkina J, Johns K, Jeffay E, Colella B, Ozubko J, Bray MJC, Di Genova N, Levi A, Changoor A, Worthington T, Gilboa A, Green R. Remotely delivered environmental enrichment intervention for traumatic brain injury: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039767. [PMID: 33574141 PMCID: PMC7880099 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (m-sTBI) experience progressive brain and behavioural declines in the chronic stages of injury. Longitudinal studies found that a majority of patients with m-sTBI exhibit significant hippocampal atrophy from 5 to 12 months post-injury, associated with decreased cognitive environmental enrichment (EE). Encouragingly, engaging in EE has been shown to lead to neural improvements, suggesting it is a promising avenue for offsetting hippocampal neurodegeneration in m-sTBI. Allocentric spatial navigation (ie, flexible, bird's eye view approach), is a good candidate for EE in m-sTBI because it is associated with hippocampal activation and reduced ageing-related volume loss. Efficacy of EE requires intensive daily training, prohibitive within most current health delivery systems. The present protocol is a novel, remotely delivered and self-administered intervention designed to harness principles from EE and allocentric spatial navigation to offset hippocampal atrophy and potentially improve hippocampal functions such as navigation and memory for patients with m-sTBI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Eighty-four participants with chronic m-sTBI are being recruited from an urban rehabilitation hospital and randomised into a 16-week intervention (5 hours/week; total: 80 hours) of either targeted spatial navigation or an active control group. The spatial navigation group engages in structured exploration of different cities using Google Street View that includes daily navigation challenges. The active control group watches and answers subjective questions about educational videos. Following a brief orientation, participants remotely self-administer the intervention on their home computer. In addition to feasibility and compliance measures, clinical and experimental cognitive measures as well as MRI scan data are collected pre-intervention and post-intervention to determine behavioural and neural efficacy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from ethics boards at the University Health Network and University of Toronto. Findings will be presented at academic conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Version 3, ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04331392).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorry Belchev
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Ellene Boulos
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Rybkina
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kadeen Johns
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eliyas Jeffay
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Colella
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Ozubko
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York, Geneseo, New York, USA
| | - Michael Johnathan Charles Bray
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Di Genova
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adina Levi
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Changoor
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Global Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Worthington
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Green
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Lopez A, Caffò AO, Bosco A. The impact of age and familiarity with the environment on categorical and coordinate spatial relation representations. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:125-133. [PMID: 33404117 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retrieving spatial information is a crucial everyday ability that is affected by age-related changes. Previous research has shown that this change is mediated by familiarity with an environment. The present research uses a series of landmark location tasks to extend and deepen our understanding of the role of aging in spatial mental representations of more or less familiar environments, also disentangling the contribution of coordinate and categorical spatial relations. The study tested the following hypotheses: (1) younger adults only have an advantage over the elderly in less familiar environments; (2) the advantage for categorical over coordinate spatial relations is mainly found for less familiar environments; and finally; (3) interactions between age, familiarity, and spatial relations might reveal that the effects of age and familiarity take different trajectories for coordinate and categorical spatial relations. Results confirmed that: (1) young people outperform the elderly only in less familiar environments; (2) there is a reduction in the difference between coordinate and categorical accuracy with increasing familiarity with the environment; while (3) the interaction between age and level of familiarity did not significantly differentiate coordinate from categorical spatial relations. In conclusion, the present study provides new evidence for the role of familiarity with geographical areas and its impact on the representation of categorical and coordinate relations, with practical implications for the assessment of topographical disorientation in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Study Bari, Via Crisanzio 42, Bari, 70122, Italy
| | - Alessandro O Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Study Bari, Via Crisanzio 42, Bari, 70122, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Study Bari, Via Crisanzio 42, Bari, 70122, Italy
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18
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Sex differences in eyewitness memory: Females are more accurate than males for details related to people and less accurate for details surrounding them, and feel more anxious and threatened in a neutral but potentially threatening context. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Spets DS, Slotnick SD. Are there sex differences in brain activity during long-term memory? A systematic review and fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Cogn Neurosci 2020; 12:163-173. [DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1806810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S. Spets
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Scott D. Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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20
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Pu Y, Cornwell BR, Cheyne D, Johnson BW. Gender differences in navigation performance are associated with differential theta and high-gamma activities in the hippocampus and parahippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Chen W, Liu B, Li X, Wang P, Wang B. Sex Differences in Spatial Memory. Neuroscience 2020; 443:140-147. [PMID: 32710913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatial memory is an essential ability for living. Some studies have demonstrated the finding of sex differences in spatial memory. However, the results are diverse, ranging from "significant difference" to "no difference". In this study, we sought to determine the underlying sex differences observed during spatial memory by examining neurofunctional differences in the distinct cortical regions that lay within the spatial memory network. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses while healthy young adults were engaged in spatial memory tasks with different levels of memory load. Our results not only illustrate consistent spatial memory networks between the female and male groups but also find a functional interaction between sex and difficulty in left superior frontal gyrus (lSFG) during the encoding phase. In addition, sex divergences in spatial memory appear when task difficulty increases. In sum, our study supports the existence of sex differences in spatial memory and demonstrates the role of task-difficulty expressed in terms of spatial memory involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Chen
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Li
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
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22
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Fernandez-Baizan C, Arias JL, Mendez M. Spatial memory assessment reveals age-related differences in egocentric and allocentric memory performance. Behav Brain Res 2020; 388:112646. [PMID: 32344039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans move through the environment to reach a place mainly using two strategies: egocentric, taking the viewer's position as a point of reference, and allocentric, employing external landmarks in order to create a mental map of the environment. Aging seems to be associated with a deterioration in these functions, and although participants are evaluated with both virtual and real-environment tasks, performance on these two strategies is not frequently compared. Our objective was to evaluate egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in young and older adult populations using three tasks performed in real environments that allow the perception of 3-D information present in our daily orientation and make it possible to analyse each strategy separately. Twenty-eight young adults and 27 older adults performed Egocentric and Allocentric Spatial Memory Tasks, the Spatial Span task from CANTAB to assess visuospatial span and visuospatial working memory, and Benton's Judge of Line Orientation Test to measure the ability to establish judgments of spatial relations. Young adults outperformed older adults on spatial memory tasks. The older group improved across allocentric blocks. Young men outperformed older men on both the egocentric and allocentric tasks, whereas young women only achieved better scores than older women on the allocentric task. Our findings support the existence of age-related differences in spatial memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernandez-Baizan
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA). Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo. Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Jorge L Arias
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA). Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo. Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Marta Mendez
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA). Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo. Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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23
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Guo P, Li Q, Wang X, Li X, Wang S, Xie Y, Xie Y, Fu Z, Zhang X, Li S. Structural Covariance Changes of Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus During Musical Training in Young Adults. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32508600 PMCID: PMC7248297 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Musical training can induce the functional and structural changes of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is not a homogeneous structure which can be divided into anterior and posterior parts along its longitudinal axis, and the whole-brain structural covariances of anterior (aHC) and posterior hippocampus (pHC) show distinct patterns in young adults. However, little is known about whether the anterior and posterior hippocampal structural covariances change after long-term musical training. Here, we investigated the musical training-induced changes of the whole-brain structural covariances of bilateral aHC and pHC in a longitudinal designed experiment with two groups (training group and control group) across three time points [the beginning (TP1) and the end (TP2) of 24 weeks of training, and 12 weeks after training (TP3)]. Using seed partial least square, we identified two significant patterns of structural covariance of the aHC and pHC. The first showed common structural covariance of the aHC and pHC. The second pattern revealed distinct structural covariance of the two regions and reflected the changes of structural covariance of the left pHC in the training group across three time points: the left pHC showed significant structural covariance with bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, left calcarine sulcus only at TP1 and TP3. Furthermore, the integrity of distinct structural networks of aHC and pHC in the second pattern significantly increased in the training group. Our findings suggest that musical training could change the organization of structural whole-brain covariance for left pHC and enhance the degree of the structural covariance network differentiation of the aHC and pHC in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfei Guo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongling Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetong Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Xie
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yachao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Fu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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24
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Vega JN, Taylor WD, Gandelman JA, Boyd BD, Newhouse PA, Shokouhi S, Albert KM. Persistent Intrinsic Functional Network Connectivity Alterations in Middle-Aged and Older Women With Remitted Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32153440 PMCID: PMC7047962 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In younger adults, residual alterations in functional neural networks persist during remitted depression. However, there are fewer data for midlife and older adults at risk of recurrence. Such residual network alterations may contribute to vulnerability to recurrence. This study examined intrinsic network functional connectivity in midlife and older women with remitted depression. METHODS A total of 69 women (24 with a history of depression, 45 with no psychiatric history) over 50 years of age completed 3T fMRI with resting-state acquisition. Participants with remitted depression met DSM-IV-TR criteria for an episode in the last 10 years but not the prior year. Whole-brain seed-to-voxel resting-state functional connectivity analyses examined the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN), plus bilateral hippocampal seeds. All analyses were adjusted for age and used cluster-level correction for multiple comparisons with FDR < 0.05 and a height threshold of p < 0.001, uncorrected. RESULTS Women with a history of depression exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the SN (right insula seed) and ECN regions, specifically the left superior frontal gyrus. They also exhibited increased functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and the left postcentral gyrus. We did not observe any group differences in functional connectivity for DMN or ECN seeds. CONCLUSIONS Remitted depression in women is associated with connectivity differences between the SN and ECN and between the hippocampus and the postcentral gyrus, a region involved in interoception. Further work is needed to determine whether these findings are related to functional alterations or are predictive of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Vega
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jason A Gandelman
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sepideh Shokouhi
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M Albert
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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25
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Kaptan Z, Dar KA, Kapucu A, Bulut H, Üzüm G. Effect of enriched environment and predictable chronic stress on spatial memory in adolescent rats: Predominant expression of BDNF, nNOS, and interestingly malondialdehyde in the right hippocampus. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146326. [PMID: 31299186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms that promote divergence of function between left and right in the hippocampus, which is most affected by external factors and critical for spatial memory. We investigated the levels of memory-related mediators in the left and right hippocampus and spatial memory in rats exposed to predictable chronic stress (PCS) and an enriched environment (EE) during adolescence. Twenty-eight-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (standard cages), PCS (15 min/day immobilization stress for four weeks), and EE (one hour/day environmentally enriched cages for four weeks) groups. After the applications, spatial memory was tested with the Morris water maze, and the serum levels of corticosterone were evaluated. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which are critical for synaptic plasticity; malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid-peroxidation indicator); protein carbonyl (protein-oxidation indicator); and superoxide dismutase (antioxidant enzyme) were evaluated in the left and right hippocampus. Corticosterone levels in both the PCS and EE groups did not change compared with control. In both the PCS and EE groups, spatial memory improved and BDNF was increased in both halves of the hippocampus, still there was an asymmetry. nNOS levels were increased in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the right hippocampus in both PCS and EE groups. MDA levels were increased but PCO levels were decreased in the right hippocampus in both the PCS and EE groups, but SOD did not change in either half of the hippocampus. Our results suggest that both PCS and EE improved spatial memory by increasing BDNF and nNOS in the right hippocampus and that, interestingly; MDA could be the physiological signal molecule in the right hippocampus for spatial memory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülal Kaptan
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün Dar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kapucu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Gülay Üzüm
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey.
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26
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Hillerer KM, Slattery DA, Pletzer B. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in stress-related disorders: Effects of neuroactive steroids on the hippocampus. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100796. [PMID: 31580837 PMCID: PMC7115954 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Men and women differ in their vulnerability to a variety of stress-related illnesses, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood. This is likely due to a comparative dearth of neurobiological studies that assess male and female rodents at the same time, while human neuroimaging studies often don't model sex as a variable of interest. These sex differences are often attributed to the actions of sex hormones, i.e. estrogens, progestogens and androgens. In this review, we summarize the results on sex hormone actions in the hippocampus and seek to bridge the gap between animal models and findings in humans. However, while effects of sex hormones on the hippocampus are largely consistent in animals and humans, methodological differences challenge the comparability of animal and human studies on stress effects. We summarise our current understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie sex-related differences in behavior and discuss implications for stress-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Hillerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Salzburger Landeskrankenhaus (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Clinical Research Center Salzburg (CRCS), Salzburg, Austria.
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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27
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Reggente N, Essoe JKY, Baek HY, Rissman J. The Method of Loci in Virtual Reality: Explicit Binding of Objects to Spatial Contexts Enhances Subsequent Memory Recall. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Naturalistic Stimuli in Neuroscience: Critically Acclaimed. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:699-714. [PMID: 31257145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience has traditionally focused on simple tasks, presented sparsely and using abstract stimuli. While this approach has yielded fundamental insights into functional specialisation in the brain, its ecological validity remains uncertain. Do these tasks capture how brains function 'in the wild', where stimuli are dynamic, multimodal, and crowded? Ecologically valid paradigms that approximate real life scenarios, using stimuli such as films, spoken narratives, music, and multiperson games emerged in response to these concerns over a decade ago. We critically appraise whether this approach has delivered on its promise to deliver new insights into brain function. We highlight the challenges, technological innovations, and clinical opportunities that are required should this field meet its full potential.
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Fernandez-Baizan C, Arias J, Mendez M. Spatial memory in young adults: Gender differences in egocentric and allocentric performance. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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León I, Tascón L, Ortells-Pareja JJ, Cimadevilla JM. Virtual reality assessment of walking and non-walking space in men and women with virtual reality-based tasks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204995. [PMID: 30278083 PMCID: PMC6168149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Far space and near space refer to different spatial features in which we unfold our behaviour. On the one hand, classical visuospatial neuropsychological tests assess spatial abilities in the near space; on the other, far space typically involves new spatial memory tasks in which participants display their behaviour in an environment, either interacting with objects or searching for targets. The Boxes Room Task is a virtual test that assesses spatial memory in the far space. Based upon this task, a new test was developed in which participants could not move about within the context, but they could actually perceive it from a specific viewpoint. In this work, both versions of the task were compared with one another. Furthermore, they were also compared with the results of 10/36 spatial recall test, a task assessing spatial memory in the near space. Two conditions were applied in all tasks, both in stable and rotated contexts. Our study included one hundred and twenty healthy young participants who were divided into two groups. The first group performed the Walking Space Boxes Room Task. A second group performed the Non-Walking Space Boxes Room Task as well as another traditional neuropsychological test for near space assessment, the 10/36 spatial recall test. Results proved that orientation in the non-walking space was more difficult than in the walking space. Additionally, our test also showed that men outperformed women in both virtual reality-based tasks, although they did not do it in the traditional 10/36 spatial recall test. In short, this work exposes that virtual-reality technologies provide tools to assess spatial memory, being more sensitive than traditional tests in the detection of small performance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene León
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Laura Tascón
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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31
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A novel real-space navigation paradigm reveals age- and gender-dependent changes of navigational strategies and hippocampal activation. J Neurol 2018; 265:113-126. [PMID: 30073501 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a novel multimodal real-space navigation paradigm and define age- and gender-related normative values for navigation performance and visual exploration strategies in space. METHODS A group of 30 healthy subjects (mean age 45.9 ± 16.5 years, 16 men) performed a real-space navigation paradigm, requiring allo- and egocentric spatial orientation abilities. Visual exploration behaviour and navigation strategy were documented by a gaze-controlled, head-fixed camera. Allo- and egocentric spatial orientation performance were compared in younger and older subjects (age threshold 50 years) as well as men and women. Navigation-induced changes of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) were measured by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in a subgroup of 15 subjects (8 men) and compared across age and gender. RESULTS The majority of healthy subjects (73.3%) completed the navigation task without errors. There was no gender difference in navigation performance. Normalized total error rates increased slightly, but significantly with age (r = 0.36, p = 0.05). Analysis of navigation path indicated a significantly reduced use of short cuts in older age (r = 0.44, p = 0.015). Visual exploration analysis revealed that older subjects made significantly more total saccades (r = 0.49, p = 0.006) and search saccades (r = 0.54, p = 0.002) during navigation. All visual exploration parameters were similar in men and women. Navigation-induced rCGM decreased with age in the hippocampus and precuneus and increased in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Women showed an increase of rCGM in the left hippocampus and right middle temporal gyrus, men in the superior vermis. CONCLUSION Real-space navigation testing was a feasible and sensitive method to depict age-related changes in navigation performance and strategy. Normalized error rates, total mean durations per item and total number of saccades were the most sensitive and practical parameters to indicate deterioration of allocentric navigation strategies and right hippocampal function in age irrespective of gender.
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32
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Hirnstein M, Hugdahl K, Hausmann M. Cognitive sex differences and hemispheric asymmetry: A critical review of 40 years of research. Laterality 2018; 24:204-252. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1497044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Hirnstein M, Larøi F, Laloyaux J. No sex difference in an everyday multitasking paradigm. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 83:286-296. [PMID: 29968088 PMCID: PMC6433799 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to popular beliefs and anecdotes, females best males when handling multiple tasks at the same time. However, there is relatively little empirical evidence as to whether there truly is a sex difference in multitasking and the few available studies yield inconsistent findings. We present data from a paradigm that was specifically designed to test multitasking abilities in an everyday scenario, the computerized meeting preparation task (CMPT), which requires participants to prepare a room for a meeting and handling various tasks and distractors in the process. Eighty-two males and 66 females with a wide age range (18–60 years) and a wide educational background completed the CMPT. Results revealed that none of the multitasking measures (accuracy, total time, total distance covered by the avatar, a prospective memory score, and a distractor management score) showed any sex differences. All effect sizes were d ≤ 0.18 and thus not even considered “small” by conventional standards. The findings are in line with other studies that found no or only small gender differences in everyday multitasking abilities. However, there is still too little data available to conclude if, and in which multitasking paradigms, gender differences arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT-Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT-Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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34
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Reggente N, Essoe JKY, Aghajan ZM, Tavakoli AV, McGuire JF, Suthana NA, Rissman J. Enhancing the Ecological Validity of fMRI Memory Research Using Virtual Reality. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:408. [PMID: 29962932 PMCID: PMC6013717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful research tool to understand the neural underpinnings of human memory. However, as memory is known to be context-dependent, differences in contexts between naturalistic settings and the MRI scanner environment may potentially confound neuroimaging findings. Virtual reality (VR) provides a unique opportunity to mitigate this issue by allowing memories to be formed and/or retrieved within immersive, navigable, visuospatial contexts. This can enhance the ecological validity of task paradigms, while still ensuring that researchers maintain experimental control over critical aspects of the learning and testing experience. This mini-review surveys the growing body of fMRI studies that have incorporated VR to address critical questions about human memory. These studies have adopted a variety of approaches, including presenting research participants with VR experiences in the scanner, asking participants to retrieve information that they had previously acquired in a VR environment, or identifying neural correlates of behavioral metrics obtained through VR-based tasks performed outside the scanner. Although most such studies to date have focused on spatial or navigational memory, we also discuss the promise of VR in aiding other areas of memory research and facilitating research into clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicco Reggente
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joey K-Y Essoe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zahra M Aghajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amir V Tavakoli
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph F McGuire
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nanthia A Suthana
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Rissman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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35
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Wang J, Zeng HL, Du H, Liu Z, Cheng J, Liu T, Hu T, Kamal GM, Li X, Liu H, Xu F. Evaluation of metabolites extraction strategies for identifying different brain regions and their relationship with alcohol preference and gender difference using NMR metabolomics. Talanta 2018; 179:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Nordin K, Persson J, Stening E, Herlitz A, Larsson EM, Söderlund H. Structural whole-brain covariance of the anterior and posterior hippocampus: Associations with age and memory. Hippocampus 2017; 28:151-163. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Nordin
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva Stening
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Agneta Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Zammit AR, Ezzati A, Katz MJ, Zimmerman ME, Lipton ML, Sliwinski MJ, Lipton RB. The association of visual memory with hippocampal volume. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187851. [PMID: 29117260 PMCID: PMC5678713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we investigated the role of hippocampal volume (HV) in visual memory. METHODS Participants were a subsample of older adults (> = 70 years) from the Einstein Aging Study. Visual performance was measured using the Complex Figure (CF) copy and delayed recall tasks from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Linear regressions were fitted to study associations between HV and visual tasks. RESULTS Participants' (n = 113, mean age = 78.9 years) average scores on the CF copy and delayed recall were 17.4 and 11.6, respectively. CF delayed recall was associated with total (β = .031, p = 0.001) and left (β = 0.031, p = 0.001) and right HVs (β = 0.24, p = 0.012). CF delayed recall remained significantly associated with left HV even after we also included right HV (β = 0.27, p = 0.025) and the CF copy task (β = 0.30, p = 0.009) in the model. CF copy did not show any significant associations with HV. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that left HV contributes in retrieval of visual memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Zammit
- Saul B. Korey, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ali Ezzati
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Saul B. Korey, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Molly E. Zimmerman
- Saul B. Korey, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Lipton
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Saul B. Korey, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Einstein Aging Study, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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Persson J, Stening E, Nordin K, Söderlund H. Predicting episodic and spatial memory performance from hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity: Evidence for an anterior-posterior division of function. Hippocampus 2017; 28:53-66. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva Stening
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kristin Nordin
- Department of Psychology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Piber D, Nowacki J, Mueller SC, Wingenfeld K, Otte C. Sex effects on spatial learning but not on spatial memory retrieval in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2017; 336:44-50. [PMID: 28847444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sex differences have been found in spatial learning and spatial memory, with several studies indicating that males outperform females. We tested in the virtual Morris Water Maze (vMWM) task, whether sex differences in spatial cognitive processes are attributable to differences in spatial learning or spatial memory retrieval in a large student sample. METHODS We tested 90 healthy students (45 women and 45 men) with a mean age of 23.5 years (SD=3.5). Spatial learning and spatial memory retrieval were measured by using the vMWM task, during which participants had to search a virtual pool for a hidden platform, facilitated by visual cues surrounding the pool. Several learning trials assessed spatial learning, while a separate probe trial assessed spatial memory retrieval. RESULTS We found a significant sex effect during spatial learning, with males showing shorter latency and shorter path length, as compared to females (all p<0.001). Yet, there was no significant sex effect in spatial memory retrieval (p=0.615). Furthermore, post-hoc analyses revealed significant sex differences in spatial search strategies (p<0.05), but no difference in the number of platform crossings (p=0.375). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in healthy young adults, males show faster spatial learning in a virtual environment, as compared to females. Interestingly, we found no significant sex differences during spatial memory retrieval. Our study raises the question, whether men and women use different learning strategies, which nevertheless result in equal performances of spatial memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Piber
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Nowacki
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Stening E, Persson J, Eriksson E, Wahlund LO, Zetterberg H, Söderlund H. Specific patterns of whole-brain structural covariance of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in young APOE ε4 carriers. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:256-264. [PMID: 28284953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 has been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes in healthy aging, while findings in young adults are inconclusive. Previous studies have mostly used univariate methods, and without considering potential anterior/posterior differences. Here, we used a multivariate method, partial least squares, and assessed whole-brain structural covariance of the anterior (aHC) and posterior (pHC) hippocampus in young adults (n=97) as a function of APOE ε4 status and sex. Two significant patterns emerged: (1) specific structural covariance of the aHC with frontal regions, temporal and occipital areas in APOE ε4 women, whereas the volume of both the aHC and pHC in all other groups co-varied with frontal, parietal and cerebellar areas; and (2) opposite structural covariance of the pHC in ε4 carriers compared to the aHC in non-carriers, with the pHC of ε4 carriers covarying with parietal and frontal areas, and the aHC of ε4 non-carriers covarying with motor areas and the middle frontal gyrus. APOE ε4 has in young adults been associated with better episodic and spatial memory, functions involving the aHC and pHC, respectively. We found no associations between structural covariance and performance, suggesting that other factors underlie the performance differences seen between carriers and non-carriers. Our findings indicate that APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers differ in hippocampal organization and that there are differences as a function of sex and hippocampal segment. They stress the need to consider the hippocampus as a heterogeneous structure, and highlight the benefits of multivariate methods in assessing group differences in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stening
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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van Ekert J, Wegman J, Jansen C, Takashima A, Janzen G. The dynamics of memory consolidation of landmarks. Hippocampus 2017; 27:393-404. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janneke van Ekert
- Radboud University Nijmegen Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 91046500 HENijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 91016500 HBNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joost Wegman
- Radboud University Nijmegen Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 91046500 HENijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 91016500 HBNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Jansen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 91046500 HENijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 91016500 HBNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Atsuko Takashima
- Radboud University Nijmegen Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 91046500 HENijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 91016500 HBNijmegen The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, P.O. Box 3106500 AHNijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Janzen
- Radboud University Nijmegen Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 91046500 HENijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 91016500 HBNijmegen The Netherlands
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Cognitive correlates of spatial navigation: Associations between executive functioning and the virtual Morris Water Task. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:470-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Direct and indirect parieto-medial temporal pathways for spatial navigation in humans: evidence from resting-state functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1945-1957. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ezzati A, Katz MJ, Zammit AR, Lipton ML, Zimmerman ME, Sliwinski MJ, Lipton RB. Differential association of left and right hippocampal volumes with verbal episodic and spatial memory in older adults. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:380-385. [PMID: 27542320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a critical role in verbal and spatial memory, thus any pathological damage to this formation may lead to cognitive impairment. It is suggested that right and left hippocampi are affected differentially in healthy or pathologic aging. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that verbal episodic memory performance is associated with left hippocampal volume (HV) while spatial memory is associated with right HV. 115 non-demented adults over age 70 were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study. Verbal memory was measured using the free recall score from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test - immediate recall (FCSRT-IR), logical memory immediate and delayed subtests (LM-I and LM-II) from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). Spatial Memory was measured using a computerized dot memory paradigm that has been validated for use in older adults. All participants underwent 3T MRI with subsequent automatized measurement of the volume of each hippocampus. The sample had a mean age of 78.7 years (SD=5.0); 57% were women, and 52% were white. Participants had a mean of 14.3 years (SD=3.5) of education. In regression models, two tests of verbal memory (FCSRT-IR free recall and LM-II) were positively associated with left HV, but not with right HV. Performance on the spatial memory task was associated with right HV, but not left HV. Our findings support the hypothesis that the left hippocampus plays a critical role in episodic verbal memory, while right hippocampus might be more important for spatial memory processing among non-demented older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ezzati
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrea R Zammit
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Molly E Zimmerman
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10604, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Functional connectivity of the left and right hippocampi: Evidence for functional lateralization along the long-axis using meta-analytic approaches and ultra-high field functional neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2016; 135:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Motofei IG, Rowland DL, Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Baconi D, Stefanescu E, Baleanu BC, Balalau C, Constantin V, Paunica S. Finasteride adverse effects in subjects with androgenic alopecia: A possible therapeutic approach according to the lateralization process of the brain. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 27:495-497. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2016.1161155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The impact of gender on stroke pathology and treatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 67:119-24. [PMID: 26657813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and functional disability. However, unfortunately few effective treatments exist to counteract the deleterious pathological mechanisms triggered following an ischemic event. Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed a significant difference in the vulnerability of males versus females to both the incidence of stroke and amount of resulting pathology following an ischemic stroke which is also dependent on the stage of lifespan. Here we review the evidence for gender differences in both the overall pathology and cellular mechanisms of injury following ischemic stroke. In addition, we discuss the evidence for any gender differences that may occur in the effectiveness of treatments and how this supports the need for the investigation and development of gender-specific therapies.
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Stening E, Persson J, Eriksson E, Wahlund LO, Zetterberg H, Söderlund H. Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 is positively related to spatial performance but unrelated to hippocampal volume in healthy young adults. Behav Brain Res 2015; 299:11-8. [PMID: 26581118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 allele is known to be a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been linked to especially episodic memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in both healthy and demented elderly populations. In young adults, ϵ4 carriers have shown better performance in episodic memory compared to non-carriers. Spatial memory, however, has not been thoroughly assessed in relation to APOE in spite of its dependence on the hippocampus. In this study, we assessed the effect of APOE genotype on a variety of spatial and episodic memory tasks as well as hippocampal volume assessed through manual tracing in a sample of young adults (N=123). We also assessed whether potential effects were modulated by sex. The presence of one or more ϵ4 alleles had positive effects on spatial function and memory and object location memory, but no effect on word recognition. Men were superior to women in spatial function and memory but there were no sex differences in the other tasks. In spite of APOE ϵ4 carriers having superior performance in several memory tasks, no difference was found as a function of APOE genotype in hippocampal volume. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that APOE ϵ4 has a positive effect on spatial ability in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stening
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Pintzka CWS, Evensmoen HR, Lehn H, Håberg AK. Changes in spatial cognition and brain activity after a single dose of testosterone in healthy women. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:78-90. [PMID: 26542812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies have consistently shown that males perform better than females on several spatial tasks. Animal and human literature suggests that sex hormones have an important role in both establishing and maintaining this difference. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of exogenous testosterone on spatial cognition and brain activity in healthy women. A cross-sectional, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed in 42 healthy young women who either received one dose of 0.5mg sublingual testosterone or placebo. They then learned a virtual environment and performed navigation tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subsequently, their knowledge of the virtual environment, self-reported navigation strategy, and mental rotation abilities were measured. The testosterone group had improved representations of the directions within the environment and performed significantly better on the mental rotation task compared to the placebo group, but navigation success and navigation strategy were similar in the two groups. Nevertheless, the testosterone group had significantly increased activity within the medial temporal lobe during successful navigation compared to the placebo group, and a positive correlation between testosterone load and medial temporal lobe activity was found. Fetal testosterone levels, measured as second-to-fourth digit length ratio, interacted significantly with parahippocampal activity and tended towards giving higher mental rotation task scores. These results demonstrated that testosterone had a limited effect pertaining specifically to spatial cognition involving 3D-visualization in healthy women, while complex behaviors such as navigation, relying more on learned strategies, were not altered despite increased neuronal activity in relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W S Pintzka
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's Hospital, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hallvard R Evensmoen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Lehn
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7489 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's Hospital, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Pospisil P, Kazda T, Bulik M, Dobiaskova M, Burkon P, Hynkova L, Slampa P, Jancalek R. Hippocampal proton MR spectroscopy as a novel approach in the assessment of radiation injury and the correlation to neurocognitive function impairment: initial experiences. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:211. [PMID: 26474857 PMCID: PMC4609038 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is considered as the main radiosensitive brain structure responsible for postradiotherapy cognitive decline. We prospectively assessed correlation of memory change to hippocampal N-acetylaspartate (h-tNAA) concentration, a neuronal density and viability marker, by (1)H-MR spectroscopy focused on the hippocampus. METHODS Patients with brain metastases underwent whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) to a dose of 30 Gy in ten fractions daily. Pre-radiotherapy (1)H-MR spectroscopy focused on the h-tNAA concentration and memory testing was performed. Memory was evaluated by Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Total recall, recognition and delayed recall were reported. The both investigation procedures were repeated 4 months after WBRT and the h-tNAA and memory changes were correlated. RESULTS Of the 20 patients, ten passed whole protocol. The h-tNAA concentration significantly decreased from pre-WBRT 8.9, 8.86 and 8.88 [mM] in the right, left and both hippocampi to 7.16, 7.65 and 7.4 after WBRT, respectively. In the memory tests a significant decrease was observed in AVLT total-recall, BVMT-R total-recall and BVMT-R delayed-recall. Weak to moderate correlations were observed between left h-tNAA and AVLT recognition and all BVMT-R subtests and between the right h-tNAA and AVLT total-recall. CONCLUSIONS A significant decrease in h-tNAA after WBRT was proven by (1)H-MR spectroscopy as a feasible method for the in vivo investigation of radiation injury. Continuing patient recruitment focusing on other cognitive tests and metabolites is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pospisil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Bulik
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Dobiaskova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Burkon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Hynkova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Slampa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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