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Tonon AC, Nexha A, Mendonça da Silva M, Gomes FA, Hidalgo MP, Frey BN. Sleep and circadian disruption in bipolar disorders: From psychopathology to digital phenotyping in clinical practice. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39210713 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep and biological rhythms are integral to mood regulation across the lifespan, particularly in bipolar disorder (BD), where alterations in sleep phase, structure, and duration occur in all mood states. These disruptions are linked to poorer quality of life, heightened suicide risk, impaired cognitive function, and increased relapse rates. This review highlights the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances in BD and aims to consolidate understanding and clinical applications of these phenomena. It also summarizes the evolution of sleep and biological rhythms assessment methods, including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and digital phenotyping. It underscores the importance of recognizing circadian rhythm involvement in mood regulation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Future research directions include elucidating circadian clock gene mechanisms, understanding environmental impacts on circadian rhythms, and investigating the bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and mood regulation in BD. Standardizing assessment methods and addressing privacy concerns related to EMA technology and digital phenotyping are essential for advancing research. Collaborative efforts are crucial for enhancing clinical applicability and understanding the broader implications of biological rhythms in BD diagnosis and treatment. Overall, recognizing the significance of sleep and biological rhythms in BD offers promise for improved outcomes through targeted interventions and a deeper understanding of the disorder's underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Tonon
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adile Nexha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana Mendonça da Silva
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Porto Alegre Clinicas Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Porto Alegre Clinicas Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Tan H, Du C, Zhang L, Guo Y, Yang Y, Sun Q, Zhang Q, Li L. Lesions of the lateral habenula excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei in hemiparkinsonian rats. Brain Res 2024; 1835:148918. [PMID: 38588847 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) projects to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) that deliver dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) to cortical and limbic regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Dysfunctions of VTA-related mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic and DRN-related serotonergic systems contribute to non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how the LHb affects the VTA and DRN in PD remains unclear. Here, we used electrophysiological and neurochemical approaches to explore the effects of LHb lesions on the firing activity of VTA and DRN neurons, as well as the levels of DA and 5-HT in related brain regions in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamie (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. We found that compared to sham lesions, lesions of the LHb increased the firing rate of DA neurons in the VTA and 5-HT neurons in the DRN, but decreased the firing rate of GABAergic neurons in the same nucleus. In addition, lesions of the LHb increased the levels of DA and 5-HT in the mPFC, ventral hippocampus and BLA compared to sham lesions. These findings suggest that lesions of the LHb enhance the activity of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Chengxue Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Aji A, Zhang C, Liu W, Chen T, Liu Z, Zuo J, Li H, Mi W, Mao-Ying QL, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Chu YX. Foxg1 Modulation of the Prkcd Gene in the Lateral Habenula Mediates Trigeminal Neuralgia-Associated Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4335-4351. [PMID: 38085455 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating disorder frequently accompanied by mood complications such as depression and anxiety. The current study sought to elucidate the molecular underpinnings that contribute to the pathogenesis of TN and its associated anxiety. Employing a partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION) in a murine model, we successfully induced sustained primary and secondary orofacial allodynia alongside anxiety-like behavioral manifestations. Transcriptome-wide gene microarray analyses revealed a marked upregulation of Foxg1 subsequent to pT-ION. Targeted knockdown of Foxg1, achieved through bilateral microinjection of adeno-associated virus harboring Foxg1-specific shRNA into the lateral habenula (LHb), resulted in a significant attenuation of both orofacial pain and anxiety-like behaviors. Subsequent RNA sequencing implicated Prkcd as a downstream effector gene modulated by Foxg1. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C delta, encoded by Prkcd, within the LHb markedly ameliorated pT-ION-induced symptomatology. The dual luciferase assay revealed that Foxg1 substantially enhances the transcriptional activity of the Prkcd gene. Collectively, these findings indicate that trigeminal nerve injury leads to Foxg1 upregulation in the LHb, which in turn elevates the expression of Prkcd, culminating in the manifestation of orofacial pain and anxiety-like behaviors. This work offers promising therapeutic targets and a conceptual framework for the clinical management of TN and its psychological comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudula Aji
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhechen Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojun Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chen X, Liu X, Luan S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhao H. Optogenetic activation of the lateral habenula D1R-ventral tegmental area circuit induces depression-like behavior in mice. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:867-878. [PMID: 38236282 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A number of different receptors are distributed in glutamatergic neurons of the lateral habenula (LHb). These glutamatergic neurons are involved in different neural pathways, which may identify how the LHb regulates various physiological functions. However, the role of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing habenular neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (LHbD1R-VTA) remains not well understood. In the current study, to determine the activity of D1R-expressing neurons in LHb, D1R-Cre mice were used to establish the chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model. Adeno-associated virus was injected into bilateral LHb in D1R-Cre mice to examine whether optogenetic activation of the LHb D1R-expressing neurons and their projections could induce depression-like behavior. Optical fibers were implanted in the LHb and VTA, respectively. To investigate whether optogenetic inhibition of the LHbD1R-VTA circuit could produce antidepressant-like effects, the adeno-associated virus was injected into the bilateral LHb in the D1R-Cre CRS model, and optical fibers were implanted in the bilateral VTA. The D1R-expressing neuronal activity in the LHb was increased in the CRS depression model. Optogenetic activation of the D1R-expressing neurons in LHb induced behavioral despair and anhedonia, which could also be induced by activation of the LHbD1R-VTA axons. Conversely, optogenetic inhibition of the LHbD1R-VTA circuit improved behavioral despair and anhedonia in the CRS depression model. D1R-expressing glutamatergic neurons in the LHb and their projections to the VTA are involved in the occurrence and regulation of depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 126, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Luan
- Department of Mental Health, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 126, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 126, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 126, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Lin R, Mitsuhashi H, Fiori LM, Denniston R, Ibrahim EC, Belzung C, Mechawar N, Turecki G. SNORA69 is up-regulated in the lateral habenula of individuals with major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8258. [PMID: 38589409 PMCID: PMC11001866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and potentially debilitating illness whose etiology and pathology remains unclear. Non-coding RNAs have been implicated in MDD, where they display differential expression in the brain and the periphery. In this study, we quantified small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) expression by small RNA sequencing in the lateral habenula (LHb) of individuals with MDD (n = 15) and psychiatrically-healthy controls (n = 15). We uncovered five snoRNAs that exhibited differential expression between MDD and controls (FDR < 0.01). Specifically, SNORA69 showed increased expression in MDD and was technically validated via RT-qPCR. We further investigated the expression of Snora69 in the LHb and peripheral blood of an unpredicted chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model of depression. Snora69 was specifically up-regulated in mice that underwent the UCMS paradigm. SNORA69 is known to guide pseudouridylation onto 5.8S and 18S rRNAs. We quantified the relative abundance of pseudouridines on 5.8S and 18S rRNA in human post-mortem LHb samples and found increased abundance of pseudouridines in the MDD group. Overall, our findings indicate the importance of brain snoRNAs in the pathology of MDD. Future studies characterizing SNORA69's role in MDD pathology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Haruka Mitsuhashi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura M Fiori
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ryan Denniston
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - El Cherif Ibrahim
- CNRS, INT, Institute Neuroscience Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belzung
- Imaging Brain and Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ahn DB, Jang HB, Ryu Y, Kim HK, Guan X, Fan Y, Lee BH, Kim HY. A hypothalamus-habenula circuit regulates psychomotor responses induced by cocaine. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13354. [PMID: 38017642 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Administration of cocaine increases synaptic dopamine levels by blocking dopamine reuptake and leads to increased locomotor activity and compulsive drug-seeking behaviour. It has been suggested that the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or lateral habenula (LHb) is involved in drug-seeking behaviours. To explore the role of the LH and the LHb in cocaine-induced psychomotor responses, we tested whether modulation of the LH or the LH-LHb circuit affects cocaine-induced locomotion. Cocaine-induced locomotor activity and dopamine release were suppressed by the activation of the LH with 2-[2,6-difluoro-4-[[2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]thio]phenoxy]acetamide (PEPA), an AMPA receptor agonist. When the LH was inhibited by microinjection of a GABA receptor agonists mixture prior to cocaine injection, the cocaine's effects were enhanced. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the LH-LHb circuit attenuated the cocaine-induced locomotion, while optogenetic inhibition of the LH-LHb circuit increased it. In vivo extracellular recording found that the LH sent a glutamatergic projection to the LHb. These findings suggest that the LH glutamatergic projection to the LHb plays an active role in the modulation of cocaine-induced psychomotor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bi Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han Byeol Jang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Korean Medicine Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Welsch L, Colantonio E, Frison M, Johnson DA, McClain SP, Mathis V, Banghart MR, Ben Hamida S, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Mu Opioid Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Are Involved in Reward Processing and Affective Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:842-851. [PMID: 37285896 PMCID: PMC10850692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mu opioid receptors (MORs) are key for reward processing, mostly studied in dopaminergic pathways. MORs are also expressed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which is central for the modulation of reward and mood, but MOR function in the DRN remains underexplored. Here, we investigated whether MOR-expressing neurons of the DRN (DRN-MOR neurons) participate in reward and emotional responses. METHODS We characterized DRN-MOR neurons anatomically using immunohistochemistry and functionally using fiber photometry in responses to morphine and rewarding/aversive stimuli. We tested the effect of opioid uncaging on the DRN on place conditioning. We examined the effect of DRN-MOR neuron optostimulation on positive reinforcement and mood-related behaviors. We mapped their projections and selected DRN-MOR neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus for a similar optogenetic experimentation. RESULTS DRN-MOR neurons form a heterogeneous neuronal population essentially composed of GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) and glutamatergic neurons. Calcium activity of DRN-MOR neurons was inhibited by rewarding stimuli and morphine. Local photo-uncaging of oxymorphone in the DRN produced conditioned place preference. DRN-MOR neuron optostimulation triggered real-time place preference and was self-administered, promoted social preference, and reduced anxiety and passive coping. Finally, specific optostimulation of DRN-MOR neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus recapitulated the reinforcing effects of total DRN-MOR neuron stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that DRN-MOR neurons respond to rewarding stimuli and that their optoactivation has reinforcing effects and promotes positive emotional responses, an activity which is partially mediated by their projections to the lateral hypothalamus. Our study also suggests a complex regulation of DRN activity by MOR opioids, involving mixed inhibition/activation mechanisms that fine-tune DRN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Welsch
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Colantonio
- INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Frison
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Desiree A Johnson
- Neurobiology Department, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shannan P McClain
- Neurobiology Department, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Victor Mathis
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthew R Banghart
- Neurobiology Department, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM UMR 1247, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Pereira AR, Alemi M, Cerqueira-Nunes M, Monteiro C, Galhardo V, Cardoso-Cruz H. Dynamics of Lateral Habenula-Ventral Tegmental Area Microcircuit on Pain-Related Cognitive Dysfunctions. Neurol Int 2023; 15:1303-1319. [PMID: 37987455 PMCID: PMC10660716 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a health problem that affects the ability to work and perform other activities, and it generally worsens over time. Understanding the complex pain interaction with brain circuits could help predict which patients are at risk of developing central dysfunctions. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that aberrant activity of the lateral habenula (LHb) is associated with depressive symptoms characterized by excessive negative focus, leading to high-level cognitive dysfunctions. The primary output region of the LHb is the ventral tegmental area (VTA), through a bidirectional connection. Recently, there has been growing interest in the complex interactions between the LHb and VTA, particularly regarding their crucial roles in behavior regulation and their potential involvement in the pathological impact of chronic pain on cognitive functions. In this review, we briefly discuss the structural and functional roles of the LHb-VTA microcircuit and their impact on cognition and mood disorders in order to support future studies addressing brain plasticity during chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mobina Alemi
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cerqueira-Nunes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Galhardo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Cardoso-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—Pain Neurobiology Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.P.); (M.A.); (M.C.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina—Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Conde K, Fang S, Xu Y. Unraveling the serotonin saga: from discovery to weight regulation and beyond - a comprehensive scientific review. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:143. [PMID: 37550777 PMCID: PMC10408233 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the development of effective obesity therapies lags behind. Although new therapeutic targets to alleviate obesity are identified every day, and drug efficacy is improving, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain serious issues facing the weight-loss industry. Serotonin, also known as 5-HT, has been extensively studied in relation to appetite reduction and weight loss. As a result, dozens of upstream and downstream neural targets of 5-HT have been identified, revealing a multitude of neural circuits involved in mediating the anorexigenic effect of 5-HT. Despite the rise and fall of several 5-HT therapeutics in recent decades, the future of 5-HT as a therapeutic target for weight-loss therapy looks promising. This review focuses on the history of serotonin, the state of current central serotonin research, previous serotonergic therapies, and the future of serotonin for treating individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Conde
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Shuzheng Fang
- College of Art and Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Meyer JM, Correll CU. Increased Metabolic Potential, Efficacy, and Safety of Emerging Treatments in Schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:545-570. [PMID: 37470979 PMCID: PMC10374807 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia experience a broad range of detrimental health outcomes resulting from illness severity, heterogeneity of disease, lifestyle behaviors, and adverse effects of antipsychotics. Because of these various factors, patients with schizophrenia have a much higher risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities than people without psychiatric illness. Although exposure to many antipsychotics increases cardiometabolic risk factors, mortality is higher in patients who are not treated versus those who are treated with antipsychotics. This indicates both direct and indirect benefits of adequately treated illness, as well as the need for beneficial medications that result in fewer cardiometabolic risk factors and comorbidities. The aim of the current narrative review was to outline the association between cardiometabolic dysfunction and schizophrenia, as well as discuss the confluence of factors that increase cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has guided discovery of novel treatments that do not directly target dopamine and that not only do not add, but may potentially minimize relevant cardiometabolic burden for these patients. Key discoveries that have advanced the understanding of the neural circuitry and pathophysiology of schizophrenia now provide possible pathways toward the development of new and effective treatments that may mitigate the risk of metabolic dysfunction in these patients. Novel targets and preclinical and clinical data on emerging treatments, such as glycine transport inhibitors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists, and trace amine-associated receptor-1 agonists, offer promise toward relevant therapeutic advancements. Numerous areas of investigation currently exist with the potential to considerably progress our knowledge and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Majdi A, Asamoah B, Mc Laughlin M. Reinterpreting published tDCS results in terms of a cranial and cervical nerve co-stimulation mechanism. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1101490. [PMID: 37415857 PMCID: PMC10320219 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation method that has been used to alter cognition in hundreds of experiments. During tDCS, a low-amplitude current is delivered via scalp electrodes to create a weak electric field in the brain. The weak electric field causes membrane polarization in cortical neurons directly under the scalp electrodes. It is generally assumed that this mechanism causes the observed effects of tDCS on cognition. However, it was recently shown that some tDCS effects are not caused by the electric field in the brain but rather via co-stimulation of cranial and cervical nerves in the scalp that also have neuromodulatory effects that can influence cognition. This peripheral nerve co-stimulation mechanism is not controlled for in tDCS experiments that use the standard sham condition. In light of this new evidence, results from previous tDCS experiments could be reinterpreted in terms of a peripheral nerve co-stimulation mechanism. Here, we selected six publications that reported tDCS effects on cognition and attributed the effects to the electric field in the brain directly under the electrode. We then posed the question: given the known neuromodulatory effects of cranial and cervical nerve stimulation, could the reported results also be understood in terms of tDCS peripheral nerve co-stimulation? We present our re-interpretation of these results as a way to stimulate debate within the neuromodulation field and as a food-for-thought for researchers designing new tDCS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boateng Asamoah
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Amohashemi E, Reisi P, Alaei H. The role of NMDA glutamate receptors in the lateral habenula on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Synapse 2023. [PMID: 37122079 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) has received special attention due to its role in modulating motivated behavior, stress response, and rewarding and aversive stimuli through monoamine transmission. In the present study, the involvement of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors of the LHb in the expression and acquisition phases of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was studied in male rats. Bilateral injections of agonist/antagonist (MK-801) of NMDA receptor were performed during the conditioning sessions of the acquisition phase. In other separate groups, drugs were also injected into the LHb before the test session during the expression phase of CPP. A 5-day CPP bias paradigm was used to study the effect of injections of NMDA and MK-801 into the LHb on morphine reward-related behavior. Different doses of NMDA plus morphine reduced the CPP score during the acquisition phase, whereas MK-801 significantly increased conditioning scores during the acquisition phase of CPP. The injection of agonists and antagonists of NMDA receptors in LHb had no significant effect on CPP scores and locomotion during the expression phase of CPP, whereas the motor activity in the acquisition phase was affected by the drugs. The reduction effect of NMDA on the CPP scores during the acquisition phase was blocked by pretreatment with MK-801. Our findings also suggest that NMDA receptors in the LHb may be involved in the acquisition phase of morphine-induced CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Amohashemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Chang J, Guo B, Gao Y, Li W, Tong X, Feng Y, Abumaria N. Characteristic Features of Deep Brain Lymphatic Vessels and Their Regulation by Chronic Stress. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0120. [PMID: 37223470 PMCID: PMC10202180 DOI: 10.34133/research.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the brain. However, it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also extend deep into the brain parenchyma and whether the vessels could be regulated by stressful life events. We used tissue clearing techniques, immunostaining, light-sheet whole-brain imaging, confocal imaging in thick brain sections and flow cytometry to demonstrate the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma. Chronic unpredictable mild stress or chronic corticosterone treatment was used to examine the regulation of brain lymphatic vessels by stressful events. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were used to provide mechanistic insights. We demonstrated the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma and characterized their features in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brainstem. Furthermore, we showed that deep brain lymphatic vessels can be regulated by stressful life events. Chronic stress reduced the length and areas of lymphatic vessels in the hippocampus and thalamus but increased the diameter of lymphatic vessels in the amygdala. No changes were observed in prefrontal cortex, lateral habenula, or dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronic corticosterone treatment reduced lymphatic endothelial cell markers in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, chronic stress might reduce hippocampal lymphatic vessels by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C receptors and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C neutralization mechanisms. Our results provide new insights into the characteristic features of deep brain lymphatic vessels, as well as their regulation by stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Brisch R, Wojtylak S, Saniotis A, Steiner J, Gos T, Kumaratilake J, Henneberg M, Wolf R. The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:929-945. [PMID: 34595576 PMCID: PMC9388452 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the possible role of microglial cells, first, in neuroinflammation and, second, in schizophrenia, depression, and suicide. Recent research on the interactions between microglia, astrocytes and neurons and their involvement in pathophysiological processes of neuropsychiatric disorders is presented. This review focuses on results from postmortem, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies, and animal models of schizophrenia and depression. Third, the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant drug therapy, and of electroconvulsive therapy on microglial cells are explored and the upcoming development of therapeutic drugs targeting microglia is described. Finally, there is a discussion on the role of microglia in the evolutionary progression of human lineage. This view may contribute to a new understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brisch
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Wojtylak
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arthur Saniotis
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jaliya Kumaratilake
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Wolf
- Department of Nursing and Health, Hochschule Fulda, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
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15
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Mizutani M, Sano T, Ohira M, Takao M. Neuropathological studies of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in Lewy body disease patients with delusion or depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:459-467. [PMID: 35695782 PMCID: PMC9543099 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The association between psychiatric symptoms in Lewy body disease (LBD) and the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems is still controversial. This study investigated the quantitative relationships of depression and delusion with these systems. METHODS We studied 24 postmortem tissues from individuals with a pathological diagnosis of LBD with sufficient clinical history. The numbers of neurons and Lewy bodies (LBs) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were counted, and the density of neurons in the DRN was analyzed. In addition, the densities of tryptophan hydroxylase-positive neurites and norepinephrine transporter-positive neurites in the amygdala and dorsal prefrontal cortex were measured. Finally, we divided the cases into two groups: with or without depressive mood, and with or without delusion. Quantitative histological data were compared between the groups. RESULTS The group with depressive mood had a significantly smaller number of neurons in the LC compared with the group without depressive mood. The group with delusion had a significantly larger number of LBs in the DRN compared with the group without delusion. The density of norepinephrine transporter-positive neurites in the dorsal prefrontal cortex was significantly correlated with the number of neurons in the LC. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of LBs in the DRN of individuals with LBD was associated with delusion, whereas a decrease in the number of neurons in the LC was associated with depressive mood. These neurodegenerative changes involved the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems and may be associated with the formation of delusion and depression, respectively, in LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizutani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terunori Sano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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16
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Shine JM, O’Callaghan C, Walpola IC, Wainstein G, Taylor N, Aru J, Huebner B, John YJ. Understanding the effects of serotonin in the brain through its role in the gastrointestinal tract. Brain 2022; 145:2967-2981. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The neuromodulatory arousal system imbues the nervous system with the flexibility and robustness required to facilitate adaptive behaviour. While there are well-understood mechanisms linking dopamine, noradrenaline and acetylcholine to distinct behavioural states, similar conclusions have not been as readily available for serotonin. Fascinatingly, despite clear links between serotonergic function and cognitive capacities as diverse as reward processing, exploration, and the psychedelic experience, over 95% of the serotonin in the body is released in the gastrointestinal tract, where it controls digestive muscle contractions (peristalsis). Here, we argue that framing neural serotonin as a rostral extension of the gastrointestinal serotonergic system dissolves much of the mystery associated with the central serotonergic system. Specifically, we outline that central serotonin activity mimics the effects of a digestion/satiety circuit mediated by hypothalamic control over descending serotonergic nuclei in the brainstem. We review commonalities and differences between these two circuits, with a focus on the heterogeneous expression of different classes of serotonin receptors in the brain. Much in the way that serotonin-induced peristalsis facilitates the work of digestion, serotonergic influences over cognition can be reframed as performing the work of cognition. Extending this analogy, we argue that the central serotonergic system allows the brain to arbitrate between different cognitive modes as a function of serotonergic tone: low activity facilitates cognitive automaticity, whereas higher activity helps to identify flexible solutions to problems, particularly if and when the initial responses fail. This perspective sheds light on otherwise disparate capacities mediated by serotonin, and also helps to understand why there are such pervasive links between serotonergic pathology and the symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ishan C Walpola
- Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, New South Wales , Australia
| | | | | | - Jaan Aru
- University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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17
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Muroi Y, Ishii T. Glutamatergic neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex to the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate maternal aggression in lactating mice. Neurosci Res 2022; 183:50-60. [PMID: 35817229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic signals in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) regulate maternal aggression and care in mice. We examined whether glutamatergic input from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the DRN might regulate maternal aggression and care in mice. In the maternal aggression test, each dam was exposed to an identical intruder male twice for 5 min, 60 min apart. During the latter trial (opt trial), the terminals of glutamatergic neurons from the mPFC to the DRN were manipulated using optogenetic techniques. Compared to the former trial (pre-opt trial), the inhibition of glutamatergic input in the opt trial decreased bite frequency and prevented the shortening of biting latency. In contrast, the activation of glutamatergic input at 5 Hz increased the biting frequency. Meanwhile, the activation of glutamatergic input at 1, 10, and 20 Hz prevented the shortening of biting latency without affecting biting frequency. In the maternal care test, activation of glutamatergic input at 5 Hz did not affect maternal care. Our results suggest that glutamatergic neurons from the mPFC to the DRN differently regulate maternal aggression, depending on temporal patterns of their activation, and that the glutamatergic signals that enhance maternal aggression are not involved in the regulation of maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikage Muroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Ishii
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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18
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Antidepressive-like Behavior-Related Metabolomic Signatures of Sigma-1 Receptor Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071572. [PMID: 35884876 PMCID: PMC9313356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) has been proposed as a therapeutic target for neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. Identifying metabolites that are affected by Sig1R absence and cross-referencing them with specific mood-related behaviors would be helpful for the development of new therapies for Sig1R-associated disorders. Here, we examined metabolic profiles in the blood and brains of male CD-1 background Sig1R knockout (KO) mice in adulthood and old age and correlated them with the assessment of depression- and anxiety-related behaviors. The most pronounced changes in the metabolic profile were observed in the plasma of adult Sig1R KO mice. In adult mice, the absence of Sig1R significantly influenced the amino acid, sphingolipid (sphingomyelin and ceramide (18:1)), and serotonin metabolic pathways. There were higher serotonin levels in plasma and brain tissue and higher histamine levels in the plasma of Sig1R KO mice than in their age-matched wild-type counterparts. This increase correlated with the reduced behavioral despair in the tail suspension test and lack of anhedonia in the sucrose preference test. Overall, these results suggest that Sig1R regulates behavior by altering serotonergic and histaminergic systems and the sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
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19
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Xin J, Shan W, Li J, Yu H, Zuo Z. Activation of the Lateral Habenula-Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Circuit Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE 2022; 9:e2202228. [PMID: 35616407 PMCID: PMC9353455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common and is associated with poor outcome. Neural circuit involvement in POCD is unknown. Lateral habenula (LHb) that regulates coping and depression‐like behaviors after aversive stimuli is activated by surgery in the previous study. Here, surgery activated LHb and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are presented. VTA is known to receive projections from LHb and project to the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Direct chemogenetic inhibition of LHb or damaging LHb attenuates surgery‐induced learning and memory impairment, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses and cell injury in the VTA, and activation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus, an intermediate station to connect LHb with VTA. LHb inhibition preserves dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Retrograde inhibition of LHb via its projections to VTA attenuated surgery‐induced learning and memory dysfunction is observed. Retrograde activation of LHb induced learning and memory dysfunction is observed. Inhibition of NMDA receptors, dopamine synthesis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the VTA reduced surgery‐induced learning and memory impairment, inflammatory responses, and cell injury are observed. These results suggest that surgery activates the LHb‐VTA neural circuit, which contributes to POCD and neuropathological changes in the brain. These novel findings represent initial evidence for neural circuit involvement in surgery effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Weiran Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22908 USA
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20
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Barreiros AR, Breukelaar I, Mayur P, Andepalli J, Tomimatsu Y, Funayama K, Foster S, Boyce P, Malhi GS, Harris A, Korgaonkar MS. Abnormal habenula functional connectivity characterizes treatment-resistant depression. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102990. [PMID: 35305499 PMCID: PMC8933564 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Habenular hyper connectivity characterizes treatment-resistant depression. An interplay between reward and default mode networks is linked to suicidality. Abnormal habenula connectivity is a possible mechanism for anhedonia.
Background A significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder are resistant to antidepressant medication and psychological treatments. A core symptom of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is anhedonia, or the inability to feel pleasure, which has been attributed to disrupted habenula function – a component of the reward network. This study aimed to map detailed neural circuitry architecture related to the habenula to identify neural mechanisms of TRD. Methods 35 TRD patients, 35 patients with treatment-sensitive depression (TSD), and 38 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity analyses were performed using the left and right habenula as seed regions of interest, and the three groups were compared using whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons. Results The TRD group demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the left habenula to the left precuneus cortex and the right precentral gyrus, compared to the TSD group, and to the right precuneus cortex, compared to the TSD and HC groups. In contrast, TSD demonstrated hypoconnectivity than HC for both connectivity measures. These connectivity values were significantly higher in patients with a history of suicidal ideation. Conclusions This study provides evidence that, unlike TSD, TRD is characterized by hyperconnectivity of the left habenula particularly with regions of the default mode network. An increased interplay between reward and default mode networks is linked to suicidality and could be a possible mechanism for anhedonia in hard to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Barreiros
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Isabella Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Prashanth Mayur
- Mood Disorders Unit, Cumberland Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Jagadeesh Andepalli
- Mood Disorders Unit, Cumberland Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kenta Funayama
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sheryl Foster
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Boyce
- Specialty of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gin S Malhi
- Specialty of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; CADE Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harris
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Specialty of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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21
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Liu X, Song M, Chen X, Sun Y, Fan R, Wang L, Lin W, Hu Z, Zhao H. Activation of Estrogen Receptor β in the Lateral Habenula Improves Ovariectomy-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:817859. [PMID: 35615566 PMCID: PMC9126050 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.817859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of estrogen due to menopause or ovarian resection is involved in the development of anxiety, which negatively impacts work productivity and quality of life. Estrogen modulates mood by binding to estrogen receptors in the brain. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is highly expressed in the lateral habenula (LHb), a key site for controlling the activities of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) that are known to be involved in anxiety. Methods In this study, we examined the role of LHb in the anxiolytic-like effect of estrogen in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The establishment of OVX anxiety model was validated in behavioral tests, including elevated plus maze (EPM) and mirror chamber maze (MCM) tasks. The expression of c-Fos in the LHb neurons was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and monoamine neurotransmitter levels in related nuclei were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Estrogen-treated OVX rats showed a lower degree of anxiety-like behavior than OVX rats. OVX rats showed anxiety-like behavior and low monoamine levels in the DRN and VTA compared with sham operated and estrogen-treated OVX rats. c-Fos expression in the LHb was higher than that in the sham operated and estrogen-treated OVX rats. Intra-LHb injection of the ERβ-selective agonist diarylprepionitrile (DPN) reduced expression of c-Fos (a neuronal activity marker) and anxiety-like behavior in OVX rats, but not in normal rats, as evidenced by increased time spent in EPM open areas and the MCM mirror chamber. These changes coincided with higher levels of serotonin and dopamine in the DRN and higher dopamine levels in the VTA in OVX rats receiving intra-LHb DPN compared with those receiving vehicle injection. Conclusion These results suggest that OVX-induced anxiety-like behavior may be associated with increased LHb activity. DPN may inhibit LHb activity to improve anxiety-like behavior in OVX rats by increasing monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the DRN and VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renfei Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Hu,
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Hua Zhao,
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22
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Kochanski RB, Slavin KV. The future perspectives of psychiatric neurosurgery. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 270:211-228. [PMID: 35396029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The future of psychiatric neurosurgery can be viewed from two separate perspectives: the immediate future and the distant future. Both show promise, but the treatment strategy for mental diseases and the technology utilized during these separate periods will likely differ dramatically. It can be expected that the initial advancements will be built upon progress of neuroimaging and stereotactic targeting while surgical technology becomes adapted to patient-specific symptomatology and structural/functional imaging parameters. This individualized approach has already begun to show significant promise when applied to deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. If effectiveness of these strategies is confirmed by well designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, further technological advances will continue into the distant future, and will likely involve precise neuromodulation at the cellular level, perhaps using wireless technology with or without closed-loop design. This approach, being theoretically less invasive and carrying less risk, may ultimately propel psychiatric neurosurgery to the forefront in the treatment algorithm of mental illness. Despite prominent development of non-invasive therapeutic options, such as stereotactic radiosurgery or transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, chances are there will still be a need in surgical management of patients with most intractable psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Kochanski
- Neurosurgery, Methodist Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Konstantin V Slavin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Neurology Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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23
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment affects up to 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with poor quality of life. PD cognitive dysfunction includes poor working memory, impairments in executive function and difficulty in set-shifting. The pathophysiology underlying cognitive impairment in PD is still poorly understood, but there is evidence to support involvements of the cholinergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic systems. Only rivastigmine, an acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, is efficacious for the treatment of PD dementia, which limits management of cognitive impairment in PD. Whereas the role of the serotonergic system in PD cognition is less understood, through its interactions with other neurotransmitters systems, namely, the cholinergic system, it may be implicated in cognitive processes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the pharmacological, clinical and pathological evidence that implicates the serotonergic system in mediating cognition in PD.
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24
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Robson DN, Li JM. A dynamical systems view of neuroethology: Uncovering stateful computation in natural behaviors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102517. [PMID: 35217311 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
State-dependent computation is key to cognition in both biological and artificial systems. Alan Turing recognized the power of stateful computation when he created the Turing machine with theoretically infinite computational capacity in 1936. Independently, by 1950, ethologists such as Tinbergen and Lorenz also began to implicitly embed rudimentary forms of state-dependent computation to create qualitative models of internal drives and naturally occurring animal behaviors. Here, we reformulate core ethological concepts in explicitly dynamical systems terms for stateful computation. We examine, based on a wealth of recent neural data collected during complex innate behaviors across species, the neural dynamics that determine the temporal structure of internal states. We will also discuss the degree to which the brain can be hierarchically partitioned into nested dynamical systems and the need for a multi-dimensional state-space model of the neuromodulatory system that underlies motivational and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew N Robson
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer M Li
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
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25
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Xu Z, Feng Z, Zhao M, Sun Q, Deng L, Jia X, Jiang T, Luo P, Chen W, Tudi A, Yuan J, Li X, Gong H, Luo Q, Li A. Whole-brain connectivity atlas of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the mouse dorsal and median raphe nuclei. eLife 2021; 10:65502. [PMID: 34792021 PMCID: PMC8626088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MR) contain populations of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons that regulate diverse behavioral functions. However, their whole-brain input-output circuits remain incompletely elucidated. We used viral tracing combined with fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography to generate a comprehensive whole-brain atlas of inputs and outputs of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the DR and MR. We found that these neurons received inputs from similar upstream brain regions. The glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the same raphe nucleus had divergent projection patterns with differences in critical brain regions. Specifically, MR glutamatergic neurons projected to the lateral habenula through multiple pathways. Correlation and cluster analysis revealed that glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the same raphe nucleus received heterogeneous inputs and sent different collateral projections. This connectivity atlas further elucidates the anatomical architecture of the raphe nuclei, which could facilitate better understanding of their behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingtao Sun
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ayizuohere Tudi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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26
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Lv SX, Du CX, Wang T, Wang HS, Xie W, Liu J. Activation and Blockade of Serotonin-4 Receptors in the Lateral Habenula Produce Antidepressant Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:52-63. [PMID: 32663830 DOI: 10.1159/000508680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotransmitter system and lateral habenula (LHb) are involved in the regulation of depression, while the mechanisms remain to be clarified. OBJECTIVES The effects and possible mecha-nism underlying activation or blockade of 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4Rs) in the LHb in depression were investigated by behavioral and neurochemical methods based on a Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model. METHOD 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected unilaterally into the substantia nigra pars compacta to establish the PD rat model. The depressive-like behaviors were measured by the forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The concentrations of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-HT in the related brain regions were measured by a neurochemical method. RESULTS The 6-OHDA lesions increased the immobility time in the FST and decreased the sucrose consumption in the SPT, suggesting the induction of depressive-like behaviors. Intra-LHb injection of BIMU-8 (5-HT4R agonist) or GR113808 (5-HT4R antagonist) produced antidepressant effects in the lesioned rats. Intra-LHb injection of BIMU-8 significantly increased the DA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHip), increased the 5-HT level in the mPFC and decreased the NA level in the vHip only in the lesioned rats, while intra-LHb injection of GR113808 changed DA, NA and 5-HT levels in the mPFC, LHb and vHip in both sham and the lesioned rats. CONCLUSIONS All these results suggest that activation or blockade of the LHb 5-HT4Rs produce antidepressant effects in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which are related to the changes of monoamines in the limbic and limbic-related regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Xuan Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China,
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27
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Zhang D, Liu J, Zhu T, Zhou C. Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:55-71. [PMID: 34503426 PMCID: PMC9199548 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210909150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
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28
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Hernández VS, Zetter MA, Guerra EC, Hernández-Araiza I, Karuzin N, Hernández-Pérez OR, Eiden LE, Zhang L. ACE2 expression in rat brain: Implications for COVID-19 associated neurological manifestations. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113837. [PMID: 34400158 PMCID: PMC8361001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined cell type-specific expression and distribution of rat brain angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in the rodent brain. ACE2 is ubiquitously present in brain vasculature, with the highest density of ACE2 expressing capillaries found in the olfactory bulb, the hypothalamic paraventricular, supraoptic, and mammillary nuclei, the midbrain substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and the hindbrain pontine nucleus, the pre-Bötzinger complex, and nucleus of tractus solitarius. ACE2 was expressed in astrocytes and astrocytic foot processes, pericytes and endothelial cells, key components of the blood-brain barrier. We found discrete neuronal groups immunopositive for ACE2 in brainstem respiratory rhythm generating centers, including the pontine nucleus, the parafascicular/retrotrapezoid nucleus, the parabrachial nucleus, the Bötzinger, and pre-Bötzinger complexes and the nucleus of tractus solitarius; in the arousal-related pontine reticular nucleus and gigantocellular reticular nuclei; in brainstem aminergic nuclei, including substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, dorsal raphe, and locus coeruleus; in the epithalamic habenula, hypothalamic paraventricular and supramammillary nuclei; and in the hippocampus. Identification of ACE2-expressing neurons in rat brain within well-established functional circuits facilitates prediction of possible neurological manifestations of brain ACE2 dysregulation during and after COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito S Hernández
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico)
| | - Mario A Zetter
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico)
| | - Enrique C Guerra
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico)
| | - Ileana Hernández-Araiza
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico); School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikita Karuzin
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico); School of Medicine, Pan-American University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar R Hernández-Pérez
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico)
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, NIMH-IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Dept. Physiology, Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico).
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29
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Zhang H, Wang N, Yu L, Zhao M. Efficacy and feasibility of deep brain stimulation for patients with depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26044. [PMID: 34011116 PMCID: PMC8137027 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses have examined the clinical efficacy and acceptability of deep brain stimulation (DBS) compared with sham therapy or paired active therapy. However, the absence of head-to-head clinical trials with some treatment comparisons creates uncertainty for decision makers. Thus, to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in patients with depression based on high-quality randomized controlled studies. METHODS The protocol was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement guidelines. PubMed/Medline and EMBASE will be searched before May 2021 for all studies, using various combinations of the following free text and key terms: deep brain stimulation; depression; random. No language restrictions will be applied. The method of data extraction will follow the approach outlined by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Review Manager software 5.3 is used for the meta-analysis. The quality of randomized trials will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. RESULTS The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria and the review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/Q5B3S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- Institute of Psychology
- Institute of Management, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Psychology
- Institute of Management, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Institute of Psychology
- Institute of Management, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
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30
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Zapata A, Lupica CR. Lateral habenula cannabinoid CB1 receptor involvement in drug-associated impulsive behavior. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108604. [PMID: 33965396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies show that cannabis or its derivatives can increase relapse to cocaine seeking following withdrawal. Moreover, cannabis use in humans is associated with impulse control deficits and animal studies implicate endogenous cannabinoids (eCB) in several impulsivity constructs. However, the brain areas where cannabinoids might control impulsivity or cocaine seeking are largely unknown. Here, we assess Lateral Habenula (LHb) involvement on performance in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) in rats and investigate whether LHb cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) are involved in these effects. Systemic cocaine increased premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, at a dose (5 mg/kg) that did not alter other measures of task performance. Intra-LHb infusion of the CB1R antagonist AM251 blocked this effect. Systemic injection of the psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC, 1 mg/kg), also increased 5CSRTT premature responding at a dose that did not otherwise disrupt task performance. This was blocked by intra-LHb infusion of AM251 in a subgroup of rats showing the largest increases in Δ9-THC-evoked premature responses. Systemic Δ9-THC also prompted impulsive cocaine seeking in a Go/NoGo cocaine self-administration task and this was blocked by intra-LHb AM251. These data show that LHb CB1Rs are involved in deficits in impulse control initiated by cocaine and Δ9-THC, as assessed by the 5CSRTT, and play a role in impulsive cocaine seeking during cocaine self-administration. This suggests that the LHb eCB system contributes to the control of impulsive behavior, and thus represents a potential target for therapeutic treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Zapata
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Liu H, Rastogi A, Narain P, Xu Q, Sabanovic M, Alhammadi AD, Guo L, Cao JL, Zhang H, Aqel H, Mlambo V, Rezgui R, Radwan B, Chaudhury D. Blunted diurnal firing in lateral habenula projections to dorsal raphe nucleus and delayed photoentrainment in stress-susceptible mice. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3000709. [PMID: 33690628 PMCID: PMC7984642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily rhythms are disrupted in patients with mood disorders. The lateral habenula (LHb) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contribute to circadian timekeeping and regulate mood. Thus, pathophysiology in these nuclei may be responsible for aberrations in daily rhythms during mood disorders. Using the 15-day chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm and in vitro slice electrophysiology, we measured the effects of stress on diurnal rhythms in firing of LHb cells projecting to the DRN (cellsLHb→DRN) and unlabeled DRN cells. We also performed optogenetic experiments to investigate if increased firing in cellsLHb→DRN during exposure to a weak 7-day social defeat stress (SDS) paradigm induces stress-susceptibility. Last, we investigated whether exposure to CSDS affected the ability of mice to photoentrain to a new light–dark (LD) cycle. The cellsLHb→DRN and unlabeled DRN cells of stress-susceptible mice express greater blunted diurnal firing compared to stress-näive (control) and stress-resilient mice. Daytime optogenetic activation of cellsLHb→DRN during SDS induces stress-susceptibility which shows the direct correlation between increased activity in this circuit and putative mood disorders. Finally, we found that stress-susceptible mice are slower, while stress-resilient mice are faster, at photoentraining to a new LD cycle. Our findings suggest that exposure to strong stressors induces blunted daily rhythms in firing in cellsLHb→DRN, DRN cells and decreases the initial rate of photoentrainment in susceptible-mice. In contrast, resilient-mice may undergo homeostatic adaptations that maintain daily rhythms in firing in cellsLHb→DRN and also show rapid photoentrainment to a new LD cycle. Daily rhythms are disrupted in patients suffering from mood disorders, and it is known that the lateral habenula and dorsal raphe nucleus contribute to circadian timekeeping and regulate mood. This study shows that stress-susceptible mice have blunted and inverted diurnal firing rhythms in lateral habenula cells that project to the dorsal raphe nucleus, and have a slow rate of photoentrainment to a new light cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, The Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ashutosh Rastogi
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyam Narain
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Merima Sabanovic
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lihua Guo
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hala Aqel
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachid Rezgui
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma Radwan
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- The Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
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Modulation of Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Systems by Cannabinoids: Electrophysiological, Neurochemical and Behavioral Evidence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1297:111-132. [PMID: 33537940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61663-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The main noradrenergic and serotonergic nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS) are the locus coeruleus (LC) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). These brain areas, located in the brainstem, play a pivotal role in the control of various functions and behaviors that are altered by cannabinoids (i.e., pain, arousal, mood, anxiety, or sleep-wake cycle). Anatomical, neurochemical, and functional data suggest that cannabinoids regulate both central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Thus, strong evidence has shown that the firing activity of LC and DRN monoamine neurons or the synthesis/release of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the projection areas are all affected by cannabinoid administration. Herein, we propose that interaction between the endocannabinoid system and the noradrenergic-serotonergic systems could account for some of the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids or the disruption of attention/sleep induced by these drugs.
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The Emerging Role of LHb CaMKII in the Comorbidity of Depressive and Alcohol Use Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218123. [PMID: 33143210 PMCID: PMC7663385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders are widespread among the general population and are significant public health and economic burdens. Alcohol use disorders often co-occur with other psychiatric conditions and this dual diagnosis is called comorbidity. Depressive disorders invariably contribute to the development and worsening of alcohol use disorders, and vice versa. The mechanisms underlying these disorders and their comorbidities remain unclear. Recently, interest in the lateral habenula, a small epithalamic brain structure, has increased because it becomes hyperactive in depression and alcohol use disorders, and can inhibit dopamine and serotonin neurons in the midbrain reward center, the hypofunction of which is believed to be a critical contributor to the etiology of depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders as well as their comorbidities. Additionally, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the lateral habenula has emerged as a critical player in the etiology of these comorbidities. This review analyzes the interplay of CaMKII signaling in the lateral habenula associated with depressive disorders and alcohol use disorders, in addition to the often-comorbid nature of these disorders. Although most of the CaMKII signaling pathway's core components have been discovered, much remains to be learned about the biochemical events that propagate and link between depression and alcohol abuse. As the field rapidly advances, it is expected that further understanding of the pathology involved will allow for targeted treatments.
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Fujisaki M, Nakamura A, Muroi Y, Ishii T. Oxytocin in the dorsal raphe nucleus antagonizes the inhibition of maternal care induced by food deprivation. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104773. [PMID: 32437716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is indispensable for the pup's survival, but is considered a survival burden in dams under negative energy conditions. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that oxytocin may facilitate energy investment to pups through behavioral control as well as milk ejection. Maternal care was observed in dams at 3 h but not 8 h after food deprivation. We investigated whether oxytocin in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which is involved in energy state-dependent regulation of maternal care, regulates maternal care. For this purpose, 2-pmol L368899, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, was injected into the DRN; after treatment, maternal care was inhibited in the dams with 3-h fasting, but not in the fed dams. In contrast, recovery of maternal care was observed in the dams with 8-h fasting who underwent 100-pmol oxytocin injection at the DRN. These results indicate that oxytocin in the DRN is required for displaying maternal behavior under fasting conditions, but not under fed conditions. Next, we investigated the site of oxytocin release. Presentation of pups decreased the oxytocin immunoreactivity at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in the 3-h-fasted dams, but not in the fed or 8-h-fasted dams. No change of the serum oxytocin level was observed. Few oxytocin-positive neurons projecting from the PVN to the DRN were detected through labeling with the retrograde tracer fluorogold. Oxytocin secreted at the PVN, which reaches the DRN, but not released as a hormone or neurotransmitter may mediate maternal care under food-restricted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ayane Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikage Muroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Ishii
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Chemogenetic inhibition of lateral habenula projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus reduces passive coping and perseverative reward seeking in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1115-1124. [PMID: 31958800 PMCID: PMC7235029 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) processes information about aversive experiences that contributes to the symptoms of stress disorders. Previously, we found that chemogenetic inhibition of rat LHb neurons reduced immobility in the forced swim test, but the downstream target of these neurons was not known. Using an intersectional viral vector strategy, we selectively transduced three different output pathways from the LHb by injecting AAV8-DIO-hM4Di into the LHb and CAV2-CRE (a retrograde viral vector) into one of the three target areas as follows: dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), or rostromedial tegmentum (RMTg). Using the forced swim test, we found that chemogenetic inhibition of DRN-projecting LHb neurons reduced passive coping (immobility), whereas inhibition of the other pathways did not. Chemogenetic activation of DRN-projecting neurons using hM3Dq in another cohort did not further exacerbate immobility. We next examined the impact of inhibiting DRN-projecting LHb neurons on reward sensitivity, perseverative behavior, and anxiety-like behavior using saccharin preference testing, reward-omission testing, and open-field testing, respectively. There was no effect of inhibiting any of these pathways on reward sensitivity, locomotion, or anxiety-like behavior, but inhibiting DRN-projecting LHb neurons reduced perseverative licking during reward-omission testing, whereas activating these neurons increased perseverative licking. These results support the idea that inhibiting LHb projections to the DRN provides animals with resilience during highly stressful or frustrating conditions but not under low-stress circumstances, and that inhibiting these neurons may promote persistence in active coping strategies.
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Rigney N, Beaumont R, Petrulis A. Sex differences in vasopressin 1a receptor regulation of social communication within the lateral habenula and dorsal raphe of mice. Horm Behav 2020; 121:104715. [PMID: 32067962 PMCID: PMC7249673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin (AVP) has long been implicated in the regulation of social behavior and communication in diverse taxa, often through its actions on the V1a receptor (V1aR) and in a sex-different and steroid-dependent way. One source of sex-different brain AVP is the steroid-sensitive and sexually-dimorphic AVP neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a cell population that regulates social behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Potential targets of these BNST-AVP cells include the lateral habenula (LHb) and dorsal raphe (DR), areas known to be important for social behavior, yet few studies have investigated AVP action within these regions. Consequently, to test if V1aR action in the LHb or DR controls social behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner, we administered a highly-specific V1aR antagonist (or saline vehicle) in the LHb or DR of C57BL/6 male and female mice and tested its effects on social investigation, social communication (urine marking, ultrasonic vocalizations), and territorial aggression. V1aR antagonism of the LHb or DR decreased male urine marking toward unfamiliar males, but not toward unfamiliar females. Additionally, V1aR blockade of the LHb decreased ultrasonic vocalizations generated in the presence of females. Social investigation, locomotion and aggressive behavior were not altered by V1aR antagonism in either area. Blocking V1aR in the LHb or DR of females had no effect, indicating V1aR action in the DR and LHb drives sex differences in social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rigney
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Rachael Beaumont
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Aras Petrulis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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La Torre D, Della Torre A, Chirchiglia D, Volpentesta G, Guzzi G, Lavano A. Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a safe and effective option. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:449-457. [PMID: 32223454 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1749049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of years lost to disability worldwide. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are effective treatments in most depressive episodes; but, about 30% of MDD patients remain symptomatic, and relapse is a common event. Recently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a valid therapeutic option in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients.Areas covered: In this paper, the authors summarize the findings of studies focused on these pathophysiologic phenomena and specifically on the role of DBS as a therapeutic option in TRD patients. The authors simply reviewed RCTs, open-label studies, neurophysiological mechanisms of DBS in MDD, and the possible role of different targets. Finally, we suggest possible future options.Expert opinion: Depression is a systems-level disorder, involving several brain structures. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate multiple interconnected regions that modulate different neural networks. DBS can modulate different targets, and others are under investigation. Among these subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) seems to be the most relevant targets. We believe that, in the next future, DBS for TRD might become a first-line of treatment, especially using directional leads, that may help us to improve therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico La Torre
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Attilio Della Torre
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Chirchiglia
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Volpentesta
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusy Guzzi
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Lavano
- AOU "Mater Domini", Università degli Studi "Magna Greacia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Liu H, Rastogi A, Sabanovic M, Alhammadi AD, Xu Q, Guo L, Cao J, Zhang H, Narain P, Aqel H, Mlambo V, Rezgui R, Radwan B, Chaudhury D. Blunted Diurnal Firing in Lateral Habenula Projections to Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and Delayed Photoentrainment in Stress-Susceptible Mice.. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.19.998732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTDaily rhythms are disrupted in patients suffering from mood disorders. The lateral habenula (LHb) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contribute to circadian timekeeping and regulate mood. Thus, pathophysiology in these nuclei may be responsible for aberrations in daily rhythms during mood disorders. Using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm and in-vitro slice electrophysiology we measured the effects of stress on diurnal rhythms in firing of LHb cells projecting to the DRN (cellsLHb→DRN) and DRN cells alone. We also performed optogenetic experiments to investigate if increased firing in cellsLHb→DRN during exposure to subthreshold social defeat stress (SSDS), induces stress-susceptibility. Last we investigated whether exposure to CSDS affected the ability of mice to phototentrain to a new LD cycle. The cellsLHb→DRN and DRN cells alone of stress-susceptible mice express greater blunted diurnal firing compared to stress-naive (control) and stress-resilient mice. Day-time optogenetic activation of cellsLHb→DRN during SSDS induces stress-susceptibility which shows the direct correlation between increased activity in this circuit and putative mood disorders. Finally, we found that stress-susceptible mice are slower, while stress-resilient mice are faster, at photoentraining to a new LD cycle. Our findings suggest that CSDS induces blunted daily rhythms in firing in cellsLHb→DRN and slow rate of photoentrainment in susceptible-mice. In contrast, resilientmice may undergo homeostatic adaptations that maintain daily rhythms in firing in cellsLHb→DRN and also show rapid photoentrainment to a new LD-cycle.
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Wallace ML, Huang KW, Hochbaum D, Hyun M, Radeljic G, Sabatini BL. Anatomical and single-cell transcriptional profiling of the murine habenular complex. eLife 2020; 9:e51271. [PMID: 32043968 PMCID: PMC7012610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic brain structure critical for processing and adapting to negative action outcomes. However, despite the importance of LHb to behavior and the clear anatomical and molecular diversity of LHb neurons, the neuron types of the habenula remain unknown. Here, we use high-throughput single-cell transcriptional profiling, monosynaptic retrograde tracing, and multiplexed FISH to characterize the cells of the mouse habenula. We find five subtypes of neurons in the medial habenula (MHb) that are organized into anatomical subregions. In the LHb, we describe four neuronal subtypes and show that they differentially target dopaminergic and GABAergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These data provide a valuable resource for future study of habenular function and dysfunction and demonstrate neuronal subtype specificity in the LHb-VTA circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Wallace
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kee Wui Huang
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Minsuk Hyun
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Gianna Radeljic
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of NeurobiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Fu R, Mei Q, Shiwalkar N, Zuo W, Zhang H, Gregor D, Patel S, Ye JH. Anxiety during alcohol withdrawal involves 5-HT2C receptors and M-channels in the lateral habenula. Neuropharmacology 2019; 163:107863. [PMID: 31778691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders often co-occur with alcohol use disorders, but the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain elusive. Previously, we reported that rats withdrawn from chronic alcohol consumption (Post-EtOH rats) exhibited robust anxiety-like behaviors (AB), which were accompanied by neuronal hyperexcitability, and the downregulation of M-type potassium channels (M-channels) in the lateral habenula (LHb); and that serotonin (5-HT) stimulated LHb neurons via type 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs). Also, 5-HT2CR activation is known to inhibit M-current in mouse hypothalamic neurons. The present study investigated whether LHb 5-HT2CRs and M-channels contribute to AB in adult male Long-Evans rats. We used the intermittent-access to 20% ethanol two-bottle free-choice drinking paradigm to induce dependence. We measured AB with the elevated plus-maze, open-field, and marble-burying tests at 24 h withdrawal. We found that intra-LHb infusion of SB242084, a selective 5-HT2CR antagonist alleviated AB and reduced the elevated c-Fos expression in the LHb of Post-EtOH rats. By contrast, intra-LHb infusion of the selective 5-HT2CR agonist WAY161503 induced AB and increased c-Fos expression in the LHb in alcohol-naive but not Post-EtOH rats. Also, intra-LHb SB242084 significantly reduced self-administration of alcohol intake in the operant chambers. Furthermore, both 5-HT2CR protein levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was increased in the LHb of Post-EtOH rats. Finally, intra-LHb SB242084 increased LHb KCNQ2/3 membrane protein expression in Post-EtOH rats. Collectively, these results suggest that enhanced LHb 5-HT2CR signaling that interacted with M-channels triggers AB in Post-EtOH rats and that 5-HT2CRs may be a promising target for treating comorbid anxiety disorders in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Qinghua Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nimisha Shiwalkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Danielle Gregor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Off-Target Effects in Transgenic Mice: Characterization of Dopamine Transporter (DAT)-Cre Transgenic Mouse Lines Exposes Multiple Non-Dopaminergic Neuronal Clusters Available for Selective Targeting within Limbic Neurocircuitry. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0198-19.2019. [PMID: 31481399 PMCID: PMC6873162 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0198-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse lines are instrumental in our attempt to understand brain function. Promoters driving transgenic expression of the gene encoding Cre recombinase are crucial to ensure selectivity in Cre-mediated targeting of floxed alleles using the Cre-Lox system. For the study of dopamine (DA) neurons, promoter sequences driving expression of the Dopamine transporter (Dat) gene are often implemented and several DAT-Cre transgenic mouse lines have been found to faithfully direct Cre activity to DA neurons. While evaluating an established DAT-Cre mouse line, reporter gene expression was unexpectedly identified in cell somas within the amygdala. To indiscriminately explore Cre activity in DAT-Cre transgenic lines, systematic whole-brain analysis of two DAT-Cre mouse lines was performed upon recombination with different types of floxed reporter alleles. Results were compared with data available from the Allen Institute for Brain Science. The results identified restricted DAT-Cre-driven reporter gene expression in cell clusters within several limbic areas, including amygdaloid and mammillary subnuclei, septum and habenula, areas classically associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. While no Dat gene expression was detected, ample co-localization between DAT-Cre-driven reporter and markers for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons was found. Upon viral injection of a fluorescent reporter into the amygdala and habenula, distinct projections from non-dopaminergic DAT-Cre neurons could be distinguished. The study demonstrates that DAT-Cre transgenic mice, beyond their usefulness in recombination of floxed alleles in DA neurons, could be implemented as tools to achieve selective targeting in restricted excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations within the limbic neurocircuitry.
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Decreased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in current, but not remitted depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:386-392. [PMID: 31252236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misalignment of circadian timing in patients with depression has commonly been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Individual differences in the sensitivity of the circadian system to light affect how the biological clock synchronizes with the external environment and can lead to misalignment of rhythms. We investigated the sensitivity of the circadian system to light in unmedicated (for >3 months) women with a current or previous diagnosis of major depression, and healthy controls. METHODS Baseline melatonin levels in dim light (<1 lux) were assessed, followed by melatonin levels in normal indoor lighting of 100 lux in order to determine melatonin suppression. RESULTS Patients currently experiencing a depressive episode showed significantly lower levels of melatonin suppression to light compared to remitted patients and controls, with large effect sizes. Remitted patients and controls showed similar suppression. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample, and lack of long-term, within subject assessments, make it difficult to determine the potential causal role of reduced light sensitivity in the development of circadian disruption. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that hyposensitivity of the circadian system to light may contribute to circadian misalignment in patients with depression. Interventions that increase sensitivity to light or provide stronger light cues may assist in normalizing circadian clock function.
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Traits related to bipolar disorder are associated with an increased post-illumination pupil response. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:35-41. [PMID: 31136914 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood states in bipolar disorder appear to be closely linked to changes in sleep and circadian function. It has been suggested that hypersensitivity of the circadian system to light may be a trait vulnerability for bipolar disorder. Healthy persons with emotional-behavioural traits associated with bipolar disorder also appear to exhibit problems with circadian rhythms, which may be associated with individual differences in light sensitivity. This study investigated the melanopsin-driven post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) in relation to emotional-behavioural traits associated with bipolar disorder (measured with the General Behavior Inventory) in a non-clinical group (n = 61). An increased PIPR was associated with increased bipolar disorder-related traits. Specifically, the hypomania scale of the General Behavior Inventory was associated with an increased post-blue PIPR. Further, both the full hypomania and shortened '7 Up' scales were significantly predicted by PIPR, after age, sex and depressive traits were controlled. These findings suggest that increased sensitivity to light may be a risk factor for mood problems in the general population, and support the idea that hypersensitivity to light is a trait vulnerability for, rather than symptom of, bipolar disorder.
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Geugies H, Mocking RJT, Figueroa CA, Groot PFC, Marsman JBC, Servaas MN, Steele JD, Schene AH, Ruhé HG. Impaired reward-related learning signals in remitted unmedicated patients with recurrent depression. Brain 2019; 142:2510-2522. [PMID: 31280309 PMCID: PMC6734943 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder is anhedonia, an inability to experience pleasure. In patients with major depressive disorder, a dysfunctional reward-system may exist, with blunted temporal difference reward-related learning signals in the ventral striatum and increased temporal difference-related (dopaminergic) activation in the ventral tegmental area. Anhedonia often remains as residual symptom during remission; however, it remains largely unknown whether the abovementioned reward systems are still dysfunctional when patients are in remission. We used a Pavlovian classical conditioning functional MRI task to explore the relationship between anhedonia and the temporal difference-related response of the ventral tegmental area and ventral striatum in medication-free remitted recurrent depression patients (n = 36) versus healthy control subjects (n = 27). Computational modelling was used to obtain the expected temporal difference errors during this task. Patients, compared to healthy controls, showed significantly increased temporal difference reward learning activation in the ventral tegmental area (PFWE,SVC = 0.028). No differences were observed between groups for ventral striatum activity. A group × anhedonia interaction [t(57) = -2.29, P = 0.026] indicated that in patients, higher anhedonia was associated with lower temporal difference activation in the ventral tegmental area, while in healthy controls higher anhedonia was associated with higher ventral tegmental area activation. These findings suggest impaired reward-related learning signals in the ventral tegmental area during remission in patients with depression. This merits further investigation to identify impaired reward-related learning as an endophenotype for recurrent depression. Moreover, the inverse association between reinforcement learning and anhedonia in patients implies an additional disturbing influence of anhedonia on reward-related learning or vice versa, suggesting that the level of anhedonia should be considered in behavioural treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Geugies
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Paul F C Groot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle N Servaas
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Medical School (Neuroscience), University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Aart H Schene
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Disorders, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Warneford Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li J, Yang S, Liu X, Han Y, Li Y, Feng J, Zhao H. Hypoactivity of the lateral habenula contributes to negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia in rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:165-173. [PMID: 31082390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DAergic) hypofunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and is regulated by serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The lateral habenula (LHb) is a key element in controlling DRN 5-HT neurons. We investigated how the LHb impacts the activity of mPFC neurons and whether it mediates the involvement of DRN on development of symptoms in a pharmacological animal model of schizophrenia. We used immunohisochemistry to assess cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) activity of the LHb in MK-801 model rats and extracellular firing recording to compare firing rates in LHb neurons of acute MK-801-treated rats. The sucrose preference, social interaction, and radial arm maze tests were used to access schizophrenia-like behavior in rats with electrolytically lesioned LHb. Finally, we examined levels of the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the mPFC, and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the DRN of rats with LHb lesions to determine the possible mechanism underlying the schizophrenia-like behavior associated with lesioned LHb. We found that COX levels and LHb neuron firing rates decreased significantly in MK-801-treated animals. The LHb lesions induced negative and cognitive, but not positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The D1R and TH levels decreased in the mPFC while TPH2 expression elevated in the DRN and mPFC of LHb-lesioned rats. These results suggest that LHb hypoactivity may contribute to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia by downregulating D1R expression in the mPFC, which might be mediated by DRN 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yuliang Han
- The department of neurology, second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Luan SX, Zhang L, Wang R, Zhao H, Liu C. A resting-state study of volumetric and functional connectivity of the habenular nucleus in treatment-resistant depression patients. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01229. [PMID: 30806014 PMCID: PMC6456806 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the volumetric and functional connectivity of the habenular nucleus in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) approach. METHODS A total of 15 TRD patients, who visited the Mental Health Institute of the First Hospital Affiliated with Jilin University between August 2014 and March 2015, along with 15 normal subjects, were enrolled into this study for structural and functional imaging. Functional connectivity analysis was performed using bilateral habenular nuclei as the region of interest in contrast to whole-brain voxels. RESULTS No significant difference of absolute volume was found in bilateral habenular nuclei between TRD patients and healthy controls, or after controlling for individual total intracranial volume. However, functional connectivity analysis showed increased connectivity between the right habenular nucleus with the medial superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal gyrus, and decreased connectivity with the corpus callosum in the TRD group. For the left habenular nucleus seed, the brain region with increased functional connectivity in the inferior temporal gyrus and decreased functional connectivity in the insular was found in the TRD patients. CONCLUSION Abnormal functional connectivity was present between the habenular nucleus and the default mode network in TRD patients. Dysfunction in habenular nucleus-related circuitry for processing negative emotion might form the pathological basis for TRD. Significant asymmetric functional connectivity was also found between bilateral habenular nuclei in TRD patients. Such asymmetry suggests potentially divergent strategy for intervention on bilateral habenular nucleus regions in the future management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Luan
- Department of Mental Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Mental Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Mental Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kang S, Li J, Zuo W, Chen P, Gregor D, Fu R, Han X, Bekker A, Ye JH. Downregulation of M-channels in lateral habenula mediates hyperalgesia during alcohol withdrawal in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2714. [PMID: 30804373 PMCID: PMC6389965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperalgesia often occurs in alcoholics, especially during abstinence, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The lateral habenula (LHb) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of pain and alcohol use disorders. Suppression of m-type potassium channels (M-channels) has been found to contribute to the hyperactivity of LHb neurons of rats withdrawn from chronic alcohol administration. Here, we provided evidence that LHb M-channels may contribute to hyperalgesia. Compared to alcohol naïve counterparts, in male Long-Evans rats at 24-hours withdrawal from alcohol administration under the intermittent access paradigm for eight weeks, hyperalgesia was evident (as measured by paw withdrawal latencies in the Hargreaves Test), which was accompanied with higher basal activities of LHb neurons in brain slices, and lower M-channel protein expression. Inhibition of LHb neurons by chemogenetics, or pharmacological activation of M-channels, as well as overexpression of M-channels' subunit KCNQ3, relieved hyperalgesia and decreased relapse-like alcohol consumption. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of LHb neurons induced hyperalgesia in alcohol-naive rats. These data reveal a central role for the LHb in hyperalgesia during alcohol withdrawal, which may be due in part to the suppression of M-channels and, thus, highlights M-channels in the LHb as a potential therapeutic target for hyperalgesia in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Danielle Gregor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA. .,Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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48
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Klein AK, Purvis EM, Ayala K, Collins L, Krug JT, Mayes MS, Ettenberg A. Activation of 5-HT 1B receptors in the Lateral Habenula attenuates the anxiogenic effects of cocaine. Behav Brain Res 2019; 357-358:1-8. [PMID: 29660439 PMCID: PMC6186203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has implicated the Lateral Habenula (LHb) in the production of anxiogenic and aversive states. It is innervated by all the major monoamine neurotransmitter systems and has projections that have been shown to modulate the activity of both dopaminergic and serotonergic brain regions. Cocaine is a stimulant drug of abuse that potentiates neurotransmission in these monoamine systems and recent research suggests that the drug's behavioral effects may be related in part to its actions within the LHb. The present research was therefore devised to test the hypothesis that alterations in serotonin (5-HT) function within the LHb can affect the behavioral response to cocaine. Male rats were fitted with intracranial guide cannula and trained to traverse a straight alleyway once a day for a 1 mg/kg i.v. injection of cocaine. Intra-LHb pretreatment with the 5-HT1B agonist CP 94,253 (0, 0.1, or 0.25 μg/side) attenuated the development of approach/avoidance "retreat" behaviors known to be a consequence of cocaine's dual rewarding (approach) and anxiogenic (avoidance) properties. This effect was reversed by co-administration of a selective 5-HT1B antagonist, NAS-181 (0.1 μg/side), demonstrating drug specificity at the 5-HT1B receptor. These data suggest that 5-HT1B signaling within the LHb contributes to the anxiogenic effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Klein
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Erin M Purvis
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Kathy Ayala
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Lisette Collins
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Jacob T Krug
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Matthew S Mayes
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Aaron Ettenberg
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA.
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49
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Gold PW, Kadriu B. A Major Role for the Lateral Habenula in Depressive Illness: Physiologic and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:320. [PMID: 31231247 PMCID: PMC6558383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that the lateral habenula plays a major role in the pathophysiology of depressive illness. Aberrant increases in neuronal activity in the lateral habenula, an anti-reward center, signals down-regulation of brainstem dopaminergic and serotonergic firing, leading to anhedonia, helplessness, excessive focus on negative experiences, and, hence, depressive symptomatology. The lateral habenula has distinctive regulatory adaptive role to stress regulation in part due to its bidirectional connectivity with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, studies show that increased lateral habenula activity affects components of sleep regulation including slow wave activity and rapid eye movement (REM), both disrupted in depressive illness. Lack of perceived reward experienced during the adverse outcomes also precipitates lateral habenula firing, while outcomes that meet or exceed expectations decrease lateral habenula firing and, in turn, increase midbrain dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. The ability to update expectations of the environment based on rewards and aversive stimuli reflects a potentially important survival mechanism relevant to the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances. What if one lives in a continuously aversive and invalidating environment or under the conditions of chronic stress? If there is a propensity of the habenula to release many burst discharges over time, an individual could habitually come to perceive the world as perpetually disappointing. Conceivably, the lateral habenula could learn to expect an adverse outcome systematically and communicate it more easily. Thus, if the lateral habenula fires more frequently, it may lead to a state of continuous disappointment and hopelessness, akin to depression. Furthermore, postmortem studies reveal that the size of the lateral habenula and total number of neurons are decreased in patients who had depressive illness. Novel research in the field shows that ketamine induces rapid and sustained antidepressant effect. Intriguingly, recent preclinical animal models show that ketamine abolishes N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent lateral habenula bursting activity, leading to rapid resolution of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Gold
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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50
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Muroi Y, Ishii T. Glutamatergic Signals in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Regulate Maternal Aggression and Care in an Opposing Manner in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 400:33-47. [PMID: 30605702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactating female mice nurture their pups and attack intruders in their territory. When an intruder invades a dam's territory, she needs to switch her behavior from care to aggression to protect her pups and territory. Although the neuronal mechanisms underlying each distinct behavior have been studied, it is unclear how these behaviors are displayed alternatively. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) regulates both nurturing and aggressive behaviors. In the present study, we examined whether the DRN is involved in regulating alternative display of maternal care and aggression. We first examined neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and lateral habenula (LHb), which send glutamatergic input to the DRN, in dams by injecting Fluorogold, a retrograde tracer, into the DRN. The number of c-Fos- and Fluorogold-positive neurons in the mPFC and LHb increased in the dams that displayed biting behavior in response to an intruder, but remained unchanged in the dams that displayed nurturing behavior. Injections of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonists into the DRN inhibited biting behavior but not nurturing behavior. In contrast, injections of NMDA or AMPA into the DRN inhibited nurturing behavior. These results suggest that glutamatergic signals in the DRN, which may originate from the mPFC and/or LHb, regulate the preferential display of biting behavior over nurturing behavior in dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikage Muroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Ishii
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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