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Zhang Z, Song Y. Causal relationship between depression and hypercholesterolemia: A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38234. [PMID: 38788001 PMCID: PMC11124720 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have found both a positive and negative association between depression and hypercholesterolemia, the findings are mixed and contradictory. To our knowledge, this is the first study that employs the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR analysis with extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to examine the causal effect between depression and hypercholesterolemia. Using summary statistics obtained from GWAS of individuals with European ancestry, we utilize a bidirectional 2-sample MR approach to explore the potential causal association between hypercholesterolemia and depressive symptoms. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis was used to examine whether the direct causal effect of depression on the risk of hypercholesterolemia can be affected by traits associated with the increased risk of hypercholesterolemia. This MR analysis utilized inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and weighted median methods. Data on the summary level of depression were acquired from a GWAS that involved 500,199 participants. We used summary GWAS datasets for hypercholesterolemia including 206,067 participants. We also used another GWAS databases of hypercholesterolemiat (n = 463,010) to validate our results. By utilizing IVW, it was discovered that there is a possibility of a 31% rise in the risk of hypercholesterolemia due to depression (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10-1.57, P = .002). We found a consistent causal effect of depression on hypercholesterolemia from the IVW analyses using different hypercholesterolemia datasets. After adjustment of smoking, physical activity, and obesity, there remains significant causal relationship between depression and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.54, P = .040). However, we did not find any evidence indicating that hypercholesterolemia leads to depression in the opposite direction. Directional pleiotropy was not observed in the MR-Egger regression analysis. Additionally, the MR-PRESSO analysis validated these discoveries. Neither the leave-one-out sensitivity test nor the funnel plots revealed any outliers. In both the unadjusted and adjusted estimates, depression has a consistent direct causal effect on hypercholesterolemia. Our study has led to an improved comprehension of the causal connections between hypercholesterolemia and depression, which could aid in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital & College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital & College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Lv Y, Cheng X, Dong Q. SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition, circulating metabolites, and cerebral small vessel disease: a mediation Mendelian Randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:157. [PMID: 38715111 PMCID: PMC11077823 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and SGLT1 inhibitors may have additional beneficial metabolic effects on circulating metabolites beyond glucose regulation, which could contribute to a reduction in the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Accordingly, we used Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine the role of circulating metabolites in mediating SGLT2 and SGLT1 inhibition in CSVD. METHODS Genetic instruments for SGLT1/2 inhibition were identified as genetic variants, which were both associated with the expression of encoding genes of SGLT1/2 inhibitors and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. A two-sample two-step MR was used to determine the causal effects of SGLT1/2 inhibition on CSVD manifestations and the mediating effects of 1400 circulating metabolites linking SGLT1/2 inhibition with CSVD manifestations. RESULTS A lower risk of deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and small vessel stroke (SVS) was linked to genetically predicted SGLT2 inhibition. Better white matter structure integrity was also achieved, as evidenced by decreased mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), as well as lower deep (DWMH) and periventrivular white matter hyperintensity (PWMH) volume. Inhibiting SGLT2 could also lessen the incidence of severe enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) located at white matter, basal ganglia (BG) and hippocampus (HIP). SGLT1 inhibition could preserve white matter integrity, shown as decreased MD of white matter and DWMH volume. The effect of SGLT2 inhibition on SVS and MD of white matter through the concentration of 4-acetamidobutanoate and the cholesterol to oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) ratio, with a mediated proportion of 30.3% and 35.5% of the total effect, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 and SGLT1 inhibition play protective roles in CSVD development. The SGLT2 inhibition could lower the risk of SVS and improve the integrity of white matter microstructure via modulating the level of 4-acetamidobutanoate and cholesterol metabolism. Further mechanistic and clinical studies research are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Lv
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- , 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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de Oliveira J, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102149. [PMID: 38056504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of investigation on metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Neuroscience Coworking Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040360, Brazil.
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4
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van der Heijden AR, Houben T. Lipids in major depressive disorder: new kids on the block or old friends revisited? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1213011. [PMID: 37663599 PMCID: PMC10469871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1213011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric mood disorder that results in substantial functional impairment and is characterized by symptoms such as depressed mood, diminished interest, impaired cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms such as disturbed sleep. Although the exact etiology of MDD is unclear, several underlying mechanisms (disturbances in immune response and/or stress response) have been associated with its development, with no single mechanism able to account for all aspects of the disorder. Currently, about 1 in 3 patients are resistant to current antidepressant therapies. Providing an alternative perspective on MDD could therefore pave the way for new, unexplored diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. The central nervous system harbors an enormous pool of lipids and lipid intermediates that have been linked to a plethora of its physiological functions. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an overview of the implications of lipids in MDD and highlight certain MDD-related underlying mechanisms that involve lipids and/or their intermediates. Furthermore, we will also focus on the bidirectional relationship between MDD and the lipid-related disorders obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Wang J, Jia K, Guo Q, Liu J, Cai J, Shen Y, Su G, Chen X, Lin J, Fang D. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with Elevated Plasma Cholesterol in Female TT Homozygotes of LDLR rs5925. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109016. [PMID: 37240367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of inconsistent relationships between plasma lipid profiles and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported before, we hypothesized that interplays might exist between PTSD and a variation of rs5925 at low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene on plasma lipid profiles. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the plasma lipid profiles of 709 high school pupils with various genotypes of LDLR rs5925 and with or without PTSD. The results demonstrated that PTSD prevalence in the C allele carriers was higher than that in the TT homozygotes regardless of gender. The C allele carriers had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ratios of TC to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C than the TT homozygotes in the male controls, and only higher TC in the female controls, but no differences in the male or female PTSD subjects. PTSD increased TC in the female TT homozygotes but not in the female C allele carriers. PTSD increased TC/HDL-C in the male TT homozygotes but not in the C allele carriers. These results suggest interactions between PTSD and LDLR rs5925 on plasma lipid profiles, which may be among the explanations for previously reported inconsistent relationships between LDLR rs5925 or PTSD and plasma lipid profiles, and facilitate the development of precision medicine interferences in hypercholesterolemia in individuals with different genetic backgrounds and psychiatric status. Psychiatric care or drug supplement may particularly be needed by female hypercholesterolemic subjects with the TT genotype of LDLR rs5925 in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kexin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiajing Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoming Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingzhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Rivas-Domínguez A, Mohamed-Mohamed H, Jimenez-Palomares M, García-Morales V, Martinez-Lopez L, Orta ML, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Bermudez-Pulgarin B. Metabolic Disturbance of High-Saturated Fatty Acid Diet in Cognitive Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098042. [PMID: 37175748 PMCID: PMC10178694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging continues to be the main cause of the development of Alzheimer's, although it has been described that certain chronic inflammatory pathologies can negatively influence the progress of dementia, including obesity and hyperlipidemia. In this sense, previous studies have shown a relationship between low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the amyloid-beta (Aβ) binding activity, one of the main neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LDLR is involved in several processes, including lipid transport, regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, LDLR-/- mice are a widely accepted animal model for the study of pathologies associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or early cognitive decline. In this context, we induced hyperlipidemia in LDLR-/- mice after feeding with a high-saturated fatty acid diet (HFD) for 44 weeks. LDLR-/--HFD mice exhibited obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, higher glucose levels, and early hepatic steatosis. In addition, HFD increased plasmatic APOE and ubiquitin 60S levels. These proteins are related to neuronal integrity and health maintenance. In agreement, we detected mild cognitive dysfunctions in mice fed with HFD, whereas LDLR-/--HFD mice showed a more severe and evident affectation. Our data suggest central nervous system dysfunction is associated with a well-established metabolic syndrome. As a late consequence, metabolic syndrome boots many behavioral and pathological alterations recognized in dementia, supporting that the control of metabolic parameters could improve cognitive preservation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Luis Orta
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Boudjafad Z, Lguensat A, Elmardadi K, Dahi A, Bennis M, Ba-M'hamed S, Garcia R. The socially enriched environment test: a new approach to evaluate social behavior in a mouse model of social anxiety disorder. Learn Mem 2022; 29:390-400. [PMID: 36253006 PMCID: PMC9578375 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053627.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common anxiety disorder characterized by a marked fear of social situations. Treatments for SAD, including exposure therapy and medication, are not satisfactory for all patients. This has led to the development of several paradigms to study social fear in rodents. However, there are still some social impairments observed in SAD patients that have never been examined in rodent models. Indeed, social situations avoided by SAD patients include not only social interactions but also public performances and being observed by others. Nevertheless, tests used to assess sociability in rodents evaluate mostly social interaction in pairs. Thus, we developed a new test-a socially enriched environment test-that evaluates sociability within a group of three unfamiliar conspecifics in an enriched environment. In this study, we induced a SAD-like behavior (i.e., social fear) in male mice using social fear conditioning (SFC) and then tested social fear using the socially enriched environment test and the three-chamber test. Finally, we tested the effects of fear extinction and acute diazepam treatment in reversing social fear. Results revealed, in conditioned mice, decreased object exploration in proximity to conspecifics, social interaction, and mouse-like object exploration. Extinction training, but not acute diazepam treatment, reversed SFC-induced behavioral changes. These findings demonstrate that the socially enriched environment test provides an appropriate behavioral approach to better understand the etiology of SAD. This test may also have important implications in the exploration of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Boudjafad
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - Asmae Lguensat
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - Kenza Elmardadi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - Asma Dahi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - Mohamed Bennis
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie, et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Marocco
| | - René Garcia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Récits Cultures et Sociétés, Université Côte d'Azur, 06204 Nice, France
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8
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Changes in regulators of lipid metabolism in the brain: a study of animal models of depression and hypothyroidism. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:859-870. [PMID: 35951260 PMCID: PMC9584974 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances in the brain are assumed to be early changes involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and these alterations may be intensified by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. In contrast to glucose metabolism, the link between altered brain lipids and the pathogenesis of depression is poorly understood, therefore in the present study, we determine transcription factors and enzymes regulating cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain structures in an animal model of depression, hypothyroidism and the coexistence of these diseases. In used model of depression, a decrease in the active form of the transcription factor SREBP-2 in the hippocampus was demonstrated, thus suggesting a reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis. In turn, in the hypothyroidism model, the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis in the frontal cortex was demonstrated by both the reduction of mature SREBP-2 and the concentration of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. The lower expression of LDL receptors in the frontal cortex indicates the restriction of cholesterol uptake into the cells in the model of coexistence of depression and hypothyroidism. Moreover, the identified changes in the levels of SNAP-25, GLP-1R and GLP-2R pointed to disturbances in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection mechanisms in the examined brain structures. In conclusion, a reduction in cholesterol synthesis in the hippocampus in the model of depression may be the reason for the reduction of synaptic plasticity, whereas a lower level of LDL-R occurring in the frontal cortex in rats from the model of depression and hypothyroidism coexistence could be the reason of anxiogenic and depression-like behaviors.
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Ramos-Hryb AB, Pazini FL, Costa AP, Cunha MP, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS. Role of heme oxygenase-1 in the antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid in the tail suspension test. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:13-21. [PMID: 34791376 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the antidepressant-like effects of ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived compound with neuroprotective and antidepressant-like properties. METHODS Mice received intracerebroventricular injections of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) or cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) to inhibit or induce HO-1, respectively, together with effective (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or sub-effective (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) doses of UA or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Immobility time was assessed using the tail suspension test (TST) and the ambulatory behaviour with the open field test. HO-1 immunocontent was evaluated in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. KEY FINDINGS ZnPP prevented the anti-immobility effects of UA and fluoxetine. Combined treatment with a sub-effective dose of CoPP and UA synergistically exerted antidepressant-like effects in the TST. Acute administration of UA or CoPP, but not fluoxetine, increased the HO-1 immunocontent in the hippocampus. None of the treatments altered the HO-1 immunocontent in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this work shows that increased hippocampal HO-1 content and activity mediate the antidepressant-like effect of UA in the TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belen Ramos-Hryb
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Structural insights into GIRK2 channel modulation by cholesterol and PIP 2. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109619. [PMID: 34433062 PMCID: PMC8436891 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are important for determining neuronal excitability. In addition to G proteins, GIRK channels are potentiated by membrane cholesterol, which is elevated in the brains of people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s dementia and Parkinson’s disease. The structural mechanism of cholesterol modulation of GIRK channels is not well understood. In this study, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of GIRK2 in the presence and absence of the cholesterol analog cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The structures reveal that CHS binds near PIP2 in lipid-facing hydrophobic pockets of the transmembrane domain. Our structural analysis suggests that CHS stabilizes PIP2 interaction with the channel and promotes engagement of the cytoplasmic domain onto the transmembrane region. Mutagenesis of one of the CHS binding pockets eliminates cholesterol-dependent potentiation of GIRK2. Elucidating the structural mechanisms underlying cholesterol modulation of GIRK2 channels could facilitate the development of therapeutics for treating neurological diseases. Ion channels are important in determining neuronal excitability. Elevated cholesterol levels found in some neurodegenerative diseases can affect the function of ion channels. Mathiharan et al. take a structural and functional approach to identifying physical sites for cholesterol, and they provide details on how cholesterol potentiates ion channel activity.
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11
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Rodrigues MS, de Paula GC, Duarte MB, de Rezende VL, Possato JC, Farias HR, Medeiros EB, Feuser PE, Streck EL, de Ávila RAM, Bast RKSS, Budni J, de Bem AF, Silveira PCL, de Oliveira J. Nanotechnology as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuropsychomotor alterations associated with hypercholesterolemia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111608. [PMID: 33618084 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia has been linked to neurodegenerative disease development. Previously others and we demonstrated that high levels of plasma cholesterol-induced memory impairments and depressive-like behavior in mice. More recently, some evidence reported that a hypercholesterolemic diet led to motor alterations in rodents. Peripheral inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation seem to be the connective factors between hypercholesterolemia and brain disorders. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can prevent the inflammation, BBB disruption, and behavioral changes related to neurodegenerative diseases and depression, induced by hypercholesterolemic diet intake in mice. Adult Swiss mice were fed a standard or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with either vehicle or GNPs by the oral route. At the end of treatments, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. After that, the blood, liver, and brain structures were collected for biochemical analysis. The high cholesterol diet-induced an increase in the plasma cholesterol levels and body weight of mice, which were not modified by GNPs treatment. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with enhanced liver tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), BBB dysfunction in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, memory impairment, cataleptic posture, and depressive-like behavior. Notably, GNPs administration attenuated liver inflammation, BBB dysfunction, and improved behavioral and memory deficits in hypercholesterolemic mice. Also, GNPs increased mitochondrial complex I activity in the prefrontal cortex of mice. It is worth highlight that GNPs' administration did not cause toxic effects in the liver and kidney of mice. Overall, our results indicated that GNPs treatment potentially mitigated peripheral, brain, and memory impairments related to hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Bernardo Duarte
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Victoria Linden de Rezende
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathann Correa Possato
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Krolow Santos Silva Bast
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Lock Silveira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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12
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Kułak-Bejda A, Bejda G, Lech M, Waszkiewicz N. Are Lipids Possible Markers of Suicide Behaviors? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020333. [PMID: 33477435 PMCID: PMC7830691 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicides and suicidal behaviors are very important causes of mortality and morbidity and have become a serious global problem. More than 800,000 people die from suicide every year. Previous researches have established that lipids play an important role in the pathogenesis of suicide. Moreover, lipid levels might be a biological marker of suicide. A lot of researchers have tried to identify biological markers that might be related to depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. It was also important to consider the usefulness of an additional tool for prevention actions. Metabolic deregulation, particularly low total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels may cause higher suicide risk in patients with these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (M.L.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Bejda
- Faculty of General Medicine, School of Medical Science in Bialystok, 15-875 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Lech
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (M.L.); (N.W.)
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (M.L.); (N.W.)
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13
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Hui N, Morris MJ, Allison MA, Tsai MY, Rye KA, Tabet F, Ong KL. Lipoprotein (a) and the risk of elevated depressive symptoms: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 133:119-124. [PMID: 33338734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a potential relationship between plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and elevated depressive symptoms. We aimed to investigate any such relationship in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants who were free of cardiovascular events. Analysis included 4938 participants without elevated depressive symptoms and with Lp(a) levels measured at baseline. Participants were examined at four clinic visits over a 10-year period. Elevated depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and were defined as a CES-D score ≥16 or use of anti-depressants. Lp(a) level was measured with a latex-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. After adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors and other confounding factors in Cox regression analyses, a higher ln-transformed Lp(a) level was associated with new elevated depressive symptoms since baseline (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.02-1.16] per SD increment in ln-transformed level, P = 0.01). However, no association was found when elevated Lp(a) levels were assessed using clinical cut-off point (≥30 or 50 mg/dL), nor in sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions of elevated depressive symptoms. No significant interaction with race/ethnicity was found for all the above analyses. Also, no significant association was found between baseline Lp(a) levels and absolute or relative changes in CES-D score between baseline and last follow-up visits. Our study suggests a potential association between Lp(a) level and new elevated depressive symptoms, but such association was not robust in the sensitivity analyses. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of Lp(a) in depressive symptoms in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hui
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Wu H, Li H, Ding Y, Jiang J, Guo P, Wang C, Tang N, Wu W. Is triglyceride associated with adult depressive symptoms? A big sample cross-sectional study from the rural areas of central China. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:8-15. [PMID: 32421624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have produced contradictive results on the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the association between serum lipids and depression of adults among rural residents in central China. METHODS This study was part of the baseline investigation of the Henan Rural Cohort Study, with 10089 participants aged 18-79 years from March to June 2017 in Xinxiang, central China. Depression were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Serum lipids were profiled using ROCHE Cobas C501 automatic biochemical analyzer. The associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models adjusted for different multiple confounders. RESULTS The crude prevalence of depression was 4.12%. ORs (95% CI) for depressive symptoms of atherosclerosis index (AI) and triglycerides (TG) were 1.040 (0.973, 1.111) (P = 0.254) and 1.074 (1.018, 1.133) (P = 0.009), respectively. Adjustment for all covariates selected further strengthened the association of AI, TG and depression, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.095 (1.001, 1.199) (P = 0.049) and 1.088 (1.022, 1.158) (P = 0.008), respectively. In the final model, age, socio-economic status (SES), net personal income and physical activity (PA) had a negative association with depression. Sleep quality, BMI, numbers of co-morbidity chronic diseases, and fresh vegetables intake every day had the opposite. LIMITATION The cross-sectional design limits the ability to make causal inference about the proposed associations. CONCLUSIONS TG may be an independent risk factor associated with depressive symptoms. Further studies are needed to explore associations between long-term abnormal changes of cholesterol and depression of general adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, 100 science Avenue, high tech Zone, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, 300070 Tianjian, China.
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China.
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15
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Francisco A, Engel DF, Figueira TR, Rogério F, de Bem AF, Castilho RF. Mitochondrial NAD(P) + Transhydrogenase is Unevenly Distributed in Different Brain Regions, and its Loss Causes Depressive-like Behavior and Motor Dysfunction in Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 440:210-229. [PMID: 32497756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (NNT) links redox states of the mitochondrial NAD(H) and NADP(H) via a reaction coupled to proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NNT is believed to be ubiquitously present in mammalian cells, but its expression may vary substantially in different tissues. The present study investigated the tissue distribution and possible roles of NNT in the mouse brain. The pons exhibited high NNT expression/activity, and immunohistochemistry revealed intense NNT labeling in neurons from brainstem nuclei. In some of these regions, neuronal NNT labeling was strongly colocalized with enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and nitric oxide (NO), which directly or indirectly require NADPH. Behavioral tests were performed in mice lacking NNT activity (Nnt-/-, mice carrying the mutated NntC57BL/6J allele from the C57BL/6J strain) and the Nnt+/+ controls. Our data demonstrated that aged Nnt-/- mice (18-20 months old), but not adult mice (3-4 months old), showed an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test that was reversed by fluoxetine treatment, providing evidence of depressive-like behavior in these mice. Aged Nnt-/- mice also exhibited behavioral changes and impaired locomotor activity in the open field and rotarod tests. Despite the colocalization between NNT and NO synthase, the S-nitrosation and cGMP levels were independent of the Nnt genotype. Taken together, our results indicated that NNT is unevenly distributed throughout the brain and associated with 5-THergic and NOergic neurons. The lack of NNT led to alterations in brain functions related to mood and motor behavior/performance in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Francisco
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rogério
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Department of Physiological Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Engel DF, Grzyb AN, de Oliveira J, Pötzsch A, Walker TL, Brocardo PS, Kempermann G, de Bem AF. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia: A role for the LDL receptor and cholesterol metabolism in adult neural precursor cells. Mol Metab 2019; 30:1-15. [PMID: 31767163 PMCID: PMC6812372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLr) gene result in increased plasma LDL cholesterol. Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed an association between FH and hippocampus-related memory and mood impairment. We here asked whether hippocampal pathology in FH might be a consequence of compromised adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods We evaluated hippocampus-dependent behavior and neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6JRj and LDLr−/− mice. We investigated the effects of elevated cholesterol and the function of LDLr in neural precursor cells (NPC) isolated from adult C57BL/6JRj mice in vitro. Results Behavioral tests revealed that adult LDLr−/− mice showed reduced performance in a dentate gyrus (DG)-dependent metric change task. This phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis in the DG of LDLr−/− mice, suggesting a potential direct impact of LDLr mutation on NPC. Exposure of NPC to LDL as well as LDLr gene knockdown reduced proliferation and disrupted transcriptional activity of genes involved in endogenous cholesterol synthesis and metabolism. The LDL treatment also induced an increase in intracellular lipid storage. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed parallel modulation of distinct regulatory networks upon LDL treatment and LDLr knockdown. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that high LDL levels and a loss of LDLr function, which are characteristic to individuals with FH, might contribute to a disease-related impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and, consequently, cognitive functions. The LDLr −/− mice show impaired hippocampal related behaviour and adult neurogenesis. In vitro exposure of NPC to LDL and LDLr knock-down reduces cell proliferation. LDL exposure induces lipid storage in NPC. In vitro LDL and LDLr knock-down in NPC modulates distinct regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane F Engel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anna N Grzyb
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Pötzsch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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17
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Ho RCM, Chua AC, Tran BX, Choo CC, Husain SF, Vu GT, McIntyre RS, Ho CSH. Factors Associated with the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in Medicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102073. [PMID: 30248896 PMCID: PMC6210477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with high Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in medicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We examined 61 medicated patients with MDD (mean age 37.77 ± 7.67, 90.2% women) and 43 non-depressed controls (mean age 38.26 ± 9.20, 90.7% women). We administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MAP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), intima-media thickness (IMT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and triglycerides. Results: We found that medicated patients with MDD had significantly higher levels of HAM-D score (p < 0.01), SBP (p = 0.015), MAP (p = 0.037), IL−6 level (p = 0.007), as compared with controls. Medicated patients who remained moderately to severely depressed showed significantly higher SBP (p = 0.049), DBP (p = 0.009), MAP (p = 0.024), IL−6 level (p = 0.019), left PWV (p = 0.004) and average PWV (p = 0.026) than those with mild depression. Multivariate regression showed that the interaction effect between HAM-D score and triglyceride level (p = 0.018) was significantly associated with FRS in medicated patients with MDD. Conclusions: This study highlights that the interaction effect of the severity of depression and the triglyceride level, was a modifiable factor positively associated with high FRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Biomedical Global Institute of Healthcare Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.
| | - Anna C Chua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Bach X Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Vietnam Young Physicians' Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Carol C Choo
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore.
| | - Syeda Fabeha Husain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Giang T Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi 73000, Vietnam.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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18
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Serpytis P, Navickas P, Lukaviciute L, Navickas A, Aranauskas R, Serpytis R, Deksnyte A, Glaveckaite S, Petrulioniene Z, Samalavicius R. Gender-Based Differences in Anxiety and Depression Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 111:676-683. [PMID: 30156607 PMCID: PMC6248233 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among patients with heart disease, depression and anxiety disorders are
highly prevalent and persistent. Both depression and anxiety play a
significant role in cardiovascular disease progression and are acknowledged
to be independent risk factors. However, there is very little gender-related
analysis concerning cardiovascular diseases and emotional disorders. Objective We aimed to evaluate depression and anxiety levels in patients suffering from
myocardial infarction [MI] within the first month after the MI and to assess
the association between cardiovascular disease risk factors, demographic
indicators and emotional disorders, as well as to determine whether there
are gender-based differences or similarities. Methods This survey included demographic questions, clinical characteristics,
questions about cardiovascular disease risk factors and the use of the
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]. All statistical tests were
two-sided, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically
significant. Results It was determined that 71.4% of female and 60.4% of male patients had
concomitant anxiety and/or depression symptomatology (p = 0.006). Using men
as the reference point, women had an elevated risk of having some type of
psychiatric disorder (odds ratio, 2.86, p = 0.007). The HADS-D score was
notably higher in women (8.66 ± 3.717) than men (6.87 ± 4.531,
p = 0.004). It was determined that male patients who developed depression
were on average younger than those without depression (p = 0.005). Conclusions Women demonstrated an elevated risk of having anxiety and/or depression
disorder compared to men. Furthermore, depression severity increased with
age in men, while anxiety severity decreased. In contrast, depression and
anxiety severity was similar for women of all ages after the MI. A higher
depression score was associated with diabetes and physical inactivity,
whereas a higher anxiety score was associated with smoking in men.
Hypercholesterolemia was associated with both higher anxiety and depression
scores, and a higher depression score was associated with physical
inactivity in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranas Serpytis
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Clinic of Emergency Medicine - Vilnius University, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | - Petras Navickas
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Rokas Serpytis
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | - Ausra Deksnyte
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | - Sigita Glaveckaite
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | - Zaneta Petrulioniene
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius - Lithuania
| | - Robertas Samalavicius
- Vilnius University - Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius - Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius - Lithuania
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19
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Segoviano-Mendoza M, Cárdenas-de la Cruz M, Salas-Pacheco J, Vázquez-Alaniz F, La Llave-León O, Castellanos-Juárez F, Méndez-Hernández J, Barraza-Salas M, Miranda-Morales E, Arias-Carrión O, Méndez-Hernández E. Hypocholesterolemia is an independent risk factor for depression disorder and suicide attempt in Northern Mexican population. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:7. [PMID: 29334911 PMCID: PMC5769344 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol has been associated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, however, there is growing evidence about crucial requirement of neuron membrane cholesterol in the organization and function of the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor. For this, low cholesterol level has been reported to be associated with depression and suicidality. However there have been inconsistent reports about this finding and the exact relationship between these factors remains controversial. Therefore, we investigated the link between serum cholesterol and its fractions with depression disorder and suicide attempt in 467 adult subjects in Mexican mestizo population. METHODS Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were determined in 261 MDD patients meeting the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), 59 of whom had undergone an episode of suicide attempt, and 206 healthy controls. RESULTS A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels was observed in the groups of MDD patients and suicide attempt compared to those without suicidal behavior (p < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, lower cholesterol levels were significantly associated with MDD (OR 4.229 CI 95% 2.555 - 7.000, p<.001) and suicide attempt (OR 5.540 CI 95% 2.825 - 10.866, p<.001) CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that lower levels of cholesterol are associated with mood disorders like MDD and suicidal behavior. More mechanistic studies are needed to further explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Segoviano-Mendoza
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | - Manuel Cárdenas-de la Cruz
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | - José Salas-Pacheco
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Osmel La Llave-León
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | - Francisco Castellanos-Juárez
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Méndez-Hernández
- 0000 0001 2157 0393grid.7220.7Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México Zip Code 09340,
| | - Marcelo Barraza-Salas
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Zip Code 34000, Durango, México
| | - Ernesto Miranda-Morales
- 0000 0000 8724 8383grid.412198.7Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- grid.414754.7Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Zip Code 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edna Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Universidad S/N esquina Volantín Zona Centro CP 34000, Zip Code 34000 Av., Durango, Mexico. .,Subdirección de Investigación en Salud, Servicios de Salud de Durango, Zip Code 34000., Durango, México.
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Dalmagro AP, Camargo A, Zeni ALB. Morus nigra and its major phenolic, syringic acid, have antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1963-1973. [PMID: 28822021 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a disorder with a high incidence that has been increasing worldwide although the pathophysiology remains unclear. Moreover, some studies revealed a higher concentration of glutamate and oxidative stress in the patients' brain, which causes cell death by excitotoxicity. Morus nigra L. is known as black mulberry and its leaves are popularly used to treat affections related to menopause, obesity and high cholesterol. M. nigra leaves are a rich fount of phenolics which well-known by the antioxidant property. Herein, we examined the phenolic profile and the antidepressant-like effect of the Morus nigra aqueous extract (MN) and its major phenolic constituent, syringic acid (SA). Furthermore, the involvement of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were further evaluated. Our results show that acute and subchronic MN or SA administration exerted antidepressant-like property in the behavioral testes in mice. The results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of MN, at least in part, could be due to the SA influence. Moreover, the observed effect involves the nitro-oxidative system modulation in both the serum and brain of mice. Furthermore, MN or SA was able to contain the glutamate-induced cell death in the hippocampal and cortical slices implicating the neuroprotection activity in the antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, CEP 89030-903, Brazil
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, CEP 89030-903, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903, Campus I, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil.
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Hypercholesterolemia causes psychomotor abnormalities in mice and alterations in cortico-striatal biogenic amine neurotransmitters: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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