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Abdelhafez HEDH, Abdallah AA, Abdel-Razik RK, Hamed NA, Elshatory A, Awad W, Khalaf AAA, Mekkawy AM. Sex comparison of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis triggers induced by single-dose Abamectin in albino rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105903. [PMID: 38685225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Abamectin (AB) is widely used in agriculture and has been employed as an insecticide, nematicide, and livestock pest control agent. However, it may also pose a serious threat to mammals. The primary purpose of this research was to compare the sex variations between male and female rats during exposure and to assess the risk of toxicity of abamectin, which are still largely unknown. The twenty albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 5): 1) the male control group; 2) the male treatment group treated with AB (1 mg/kg B.W.); 3) the female control group; and 4) the female treatment group treated with AB (1 mg/kg B.W.). AB administration caused a drop in body weight in females more than males with showing oxidative stress in both sexes of animals, as characterized by an increase in MDA content and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Reported sex-specific effects suggested that females are more susceptible from males in brain tissues for alteration of antioxidant markers while females' liver and kidney tissues showed more level of lipid peroxidation than males. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with a significant decrease in NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) and a significant decrease in mitochondrial ATPase, which led to apoptosis and histopathological alterations in the targeted tissues, indicating that females are higher sensitive than males to these biological events. In brief, the results of this study led to female rats are generally more sensitive than male rats to neurobehavioral and hepatic complications associated with abamectin treatment. Further evaluation should be performed to determine the adverse outcome pathways involved and to determine the effects of sex on improving the risk assessment of abamectin in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El Din H Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda K Abdel-Razik
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Hamed
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa Awad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Abo El-Reesh Al Mounira Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya M Mekkawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Hutchinson AJ, Duffy BM, Staples JF. Electron transport system supercomplexes affect reactive-oxygen species production and respiration in both a hibernator (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) and a nonhibernator (Rattus norvegicus). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:81-93. [PMID: 37979043 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Across many taxa, the complexes of the electron transport system associate with each other within the inner mitochondrial membrane to form supercomplexes (SCs). These SCs are thought to confer some selective advantage, such as increasing cellular respiratory capacity or decreasing the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigate the relationship between supercomplex abundance and performance of liver mitochondria isolated from rats that do not hibernate and hibernating ground squirrels in which metabolism fluctuates substantially. We quantified the abundance of SCs (respirasomes (SCs containing CI, CIII, and CIV) or SCs containing CIII and CIV) and examined the relationship with state 3 (OXPHOS) and state 4 (LEAK) respiration rate, as well as net ROS production. We found that, in rats, state 3 and 4 respiration rate correlated negatively with respirasome abundance, but positively with CIII/CIV SC abundance. Despite the greater range of respiration rates in different hibernation stages, these relationships were similar in ground squirrels. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of differential effects of supercomplex types on mitochondrial respiration and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie J Hutchinson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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3
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions and multiprotein assemblies of water-soluble and membrane proteins are inherent features of the proteome, which also impart functional heterogeneity. One needs to consider this aspect while studying changes in abundance and activities of proteins in response to any physiological stimulus. Abundance changes in the components of a given proteome can be best visualized and efficiently quantified using electrophoresis-based approaches. Here, we describe the method of Blue Native Difference Gel Electrophoresis to quantify changes in abundance and activity of proteins in the context of protein-protein interactions. This method confers an additional advantage to monitor quantitative changes in membrane proteins, which otherwise is a difficult task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Dani
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Physical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Norbert A Dencher
- Physical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Hutchinson AJ, Duffy BM, Staples JF. Hibernation is super complex: distribution, dynamics, and stability of electron transport system supercomplexes in Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R28-R42. [PMID: 35470710 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00008.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the electron transport system can associate with each other to form supercomplexes (SCs) within mitochondrial membranes, perhaps increasing respiratory capacity or reducing reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we determined the abundance, composition, and stability of SCs in a mammalian hibernator, in which both whole-animal and mitochondria metabolism change greatly throughout winter. We isolated mitochondria from thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) in different hibernation states, as well as from rats (Rattus norvegicus). We extracted mitochondrial proteins using two non-ionic detergents of different strengths, and quantified SC abundance using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Rat heart and liver had fewer SCs than ground squirrels. Within ground squirrels, SCs are dynamic, changing among hibernation states within a matter of hours. In brown adipose tissue, Complex III composition in different SCs differed between the torpid and interbout euthermic phase of a hibernation bout. In heart and liver, complex III composition changed between winter and summer. We also evaluated the stability of liver SCs using a stronger detergent and found that the stability of SCs differed: torpor SCs were more stable than the SCs of ground squirrels in other states and rats. This study is the first report of SC changes during hibernation, and the first to demonstrate their dynamics on a short timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brynne Morgan Duffy
- Department of biology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of biology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Taha MAI, Badawy MEI, Abdel-Razik RK, Younis HM, Abo-El-Saad MM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in liver of male albino rats after exposing to sub-chronic intoxication of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104938. [PMID: 34446205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress biomarkers were studied in rat liver. The liver deficiency was also confirmed by histological analysis and gel electrophoresis. Each insecticide was administered orally with five doses per week for 28 days to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 per insecticide. The results demonstrated that the mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by a significant decrease in NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase activities. Oxidative stress biomarkers include malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were significantly increased. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased in the mitochondria of the rat liver. HPLC analysis showed a significant increase of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2DG) as a biomarker of the DNA damage in rat liver. In addition, the residue levels of 0.96 and 0.29 μg/mL serum were found for cypermethrin and imidacloprid, respectively. However, chlorpyrifos not detected using the HPLC analysis. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) analysis showed a change in the pattern and sequence of complexions of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria with treatment by such insecticides. The hepatic histological examination also showed symptoms of abnormalities after exposure to these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A I Taha
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E I Badawy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Reda K Abdel-Razik
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 21616-El-Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Younis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Abo-El-Saad
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Membrane Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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6
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Nassar AMK, Abdel-Halim KY, Abbassy MA. Mitochondrial biochemical and histopathological defects induced by the herbicide pendimethalin in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108949. [PMID: 33309702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial defects were evaluated after administering tilapia fish, Oreochromis niloticus to sublethal doses (1.02 and 5.10 mg kg-1) of the herbicide pendimethalin (PD). All treatments exhibited a decrease in the cytochrome contents of gills, liver, and brain samples after 12, 24, and 48 h compared with the untreated individuals. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in gills and liver samples. Also, the histopathological profiles showed significant swelling in mitochondria and intracellular spaces in cytoplasm of gills samples. The mitochondrial defects in the treated fish showed a slight decline in cytoplasm/mitochondria ratio (0.92-fold) compared to the control. In hepato-sections of treated fish, destructed mitochondria with less dense matrix as well as some vacuolated mitochondria with matrix disoriented cristae were noted. Similar patterns were observed in brain sections, where destructed axons and a significant decline in cytoplasm/mitochondria ratio (0.52-fold) were found. Therefore, the use of mitochondrial defects and histopathological alterations might represent good markers to assess the impact of herbicides on aquatic organisms. Moreover, the disorganization of cell components is considered an important sign of organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M K Nassar
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, PO Box 59, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Y Abdel-Halim
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moustafa A Abbassy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, PO Box 59, Egypt
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7
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Ukolova IV, Kondakova MA, Kondratov IG, Sidorov AV, Borovskii GB, Voinikov VK. New insights into the organisation of the oxidative phosphorylation system in the example of pea shoot mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148264. [PMID: 32663476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physical and functional organisation of the OXPHOS system in mitochondria in vivo remains elusive. At present, different models of OXPHOS arrangement, representing either highly ordered respiratory strings or, vice versa, a set of randomly dispersed supercomplexes and respiratory complexes, have been suggested. In the present study, we examined a supramolecular arrangement of the OXPHOS system in pea shoot mitochondria using digitonin solubilisation of its constituents, which were further analysed by classical BN-related techniques and a multidimensional gel electrophoresis system when required. As a result, in addition to supercomplexes I1III2, I1III2IVn and III2IV1-2, dimer V2, and individual complexes I-V previously detected in plant mitochondria, new OXPHOS structures were also revealed. Of them, (1) a megacomplex (IIxIIIyIVz)n including complex II, (2) respirasomes I2III4IVn with two copies of complex I and dimeric complex III2, (3) a minor new supercomplex IV1Va2 comigrating with I1III2, and (4) a second minor form of ATP synthase, Va, were found. The activity of singular complexes I, IV, and V was higher than the activity of the associated forms. The detection of new supercomplex IV1Va2, along with assemblies I1III2 and I1-2III2-4IVn, prompted us to suggest the occurrence of in vivo oxphosomes comprising complexes I, III2, IV, and V. The putative oxphosome's stoichiometry, historical background, assumed functional significance, and subcompartmental location are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ukolova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kondakova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Ilya G Kondratov
- Limnological Institute SB RAS, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sidorov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia; Irkutsk State Medical University, 1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Gennadii B Borovskii
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Victor K Voinikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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8
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The relevance of the supramolecular arrangements of the respiratory chain complexes in human diseases and aging. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:266-272. [PMID: 30664953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common factor in several diseases is accompanied with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These molecules react with proteins and lipids at their site of generation, establishing a vicious cycle which might result in further mitochondrial injury. It is well established that mitochondrial respiratory complexes can be organized into supramolecular structures called supercomplexes (SCs) or respirasomes; yet, the physiological/pathological relevance of these structures remains unresolved. Changes in their stabilization and content have been documented in Barth's syndrome, degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer, cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion damage, as well as in aging. Under pathological conditions, SCs stability could have relevant biomedical implications or might be used as a reliable marker of mitochondrial damage. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate the current state of the significance on mitochondrial bioenergetics of these structures and their possible role in pathophysiologies related with ROS increase.
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9
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Salunke R, Mourier T, Banerjee M, Pain A, Shanmugam D. Highly diverged novel subunit composition of apicomplexan F-type ATP synthase identified from Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006128. [PMID: 30005062 PMCID: PMC6059495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-type ATP synthase, a multisubunit nanomotor, is critical for maintaining cellular ATP levels. In T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites, many subunit components necessary for proper assembly and functioning of this enzyme appear to be missing. Here, we report the identification of 20 novel subunits of T. gondii F-type ATP synthase from mass spectrometry analysis of partially purified monomeric (approximately 600 kDa) and dimeric (>1 MDa) forms of the enzyme. Despite extreme sequence diversification, key FO subunits a, b, and d can be identified from conserved structural features. Orthologs for these proteins are restricted to apicomplexan, chromerid, and dinoflagellate species. Interestingly, their absence in ciliates indicates a major diversion, with respect to subunit composition of this enzyme, within the alveolate clade. Discovery of these highly diversified novel components of the apicomplexan F-type ATP synthase complex could facilitate the development of novel antiparasitic agents. Structural and functional characterization of this unusual enzyme complex will advance our fundamental understanding of energy metabolism in apicomplexan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Salunke
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Pashkovskaia N, Gey U, Rödel G. Mitochondrial ROS direct the differentiation of murine pluripotent P19 cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:180-191. [PMID: 29957443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS are frequently associated with deleterious effects caused by oxidative stress. Despite the harmful effects of non-specific oxidation, ROS also function as signal transduction molecules that regulate various biological processes, including stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that mitochondrial ROS level determines cell fate during differentiation of the pluripotent stem cell line P19. As stem cells in general, P19 cells are characterized by a low respiration activity, accompanied by a low level of ROS formation. Nevertheless, we found that P19 cells contain fully assembled mitochondrial electron transport chain supercomplexes (respirasomes), suggesting that low respiration activity may serve as a protective mechanism against ROS. Upon elevated mitochondrial ROS formation, the proliferative potential of P19 cells is decreased due to longer S phase of the cell cycle. Our data show that besides being harmful, mitochondrial ROS production regulates the differentiation potential of P19 cells: elevated mitochondrial ROS level favours trophoblast differentiation, whereas preventing neuron differentiation. Therefore, our results suggest that mitochondrial ROS level serves as an important factor that directs differentiation towards certain cell types while preventing others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Gey
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01217, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01217, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Mitochondria are the power stations of the eukaryotic cell, using the energy released by the oxidation of glucose and other sugars to produce ATP. Electrons are transferred from NADH, produced in the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, to oxygen by a series of large protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient by pumping protons across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix via a proton channel in the ATP synthase leads to conformational changes in the nucleotide binding pockets and the formation of ATP. The three proton pumping complexes of the electron transfer chain are NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I, ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III, and cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV. Succinate dehydrogenase or complex II does not pump protons, but contributes reduced ubiquinone. The structures of complex II, III and IV were determined by x-ray crystallography several decades ago, but complex I and ATP synthase have only recently started to reveal their secrets by advances in x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The complexes I, III and IV occur to a certain extent as supercomplexes in the membrane, the so-called respirasomes. Several hypotheses exist about their function. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures show the architecture of the respirasome with near-atomic detail. ATP synthase occurs as dimers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which by their curvature are responsible for the folding of the membrane into cristae and thus for the huge increase in available surface that makes mitochondria the efficient energy plants of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Sousa
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edoardo D'Imprima
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions and multi-protein assemblies are inherent features of proteomes, involving soluble and membrane proteins. This imparts structural and functional heterogeneity to the proteome. One needs to consider this aspect while studying changes in abundance or activities of proteins in response to any physiological stimulus. Abundance changes in components of a given proteome can be best visualized and quantified using electrophoresis-based approaches. Here, we describe the method of Blue Native Difference Gel Electrophoresis (BN DIGE) to quantify abundance changes in proteins in the context of protein-protein interactions. This method confers an additional advantage to monitor quantitative changes in membrane proteins, which otherwise is a difficult task.
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13
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Esparza-Perusquía M, Olvera-Sánchez S, Pardo JP, Mendoza-Hernández G, Martínez F, Flores-Herrera O. Structural and kinetics characterization of the F 1F 0-ATP synthase dimer. New repercussion of monomer-monomer contact. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:975-981. [PMID: 28919501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is an aerobic basidiomycete that fully depends on oxidative phosphorylation for its supply of ATP, pointing to mitochondria as a key player in the energy metabolism of this organism. Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase occurs in supramolecular structures. In this work, we isolated the monomer (640kDa) and the dimer (1280kDa) and characterized their subunit composition and kinetics of ATP hydrolysis. Mass spectrometry revealed that dimerizing subunits e and g were present in the dimer but not in the monomer. Analysis of the ATPase activity showed that both oligomers had Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but the dimer was 7 times more active than the monomer, while affinities were similar. The dimer was more sensitive to oligomycin inhibition, with a Ki of 24nM, while the monomer had a Ki of 169nM. The results suggest that the interphase between the monomers in the dimer state affects the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme and its sensitivity to inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Esparza-Perusquía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Sofía Olvera-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Federico Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Oscar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México.
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14
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Sousa JS, Mills DJ, Vonck J, Kühlbrandt W. Functional asymmetry and electron flow in the bovine respirasome. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27830641 PMCID: PMC5117854 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We determined the structure of supercomplex I1III2IV1 from bovine heart mitochondria by cryo-EM at 9 Å resolution. Most protein-protein contacts between complex I, III and IV in the membrane are mediated by supernumerary subunits. Of the two Rieske iron-sulfur cluster domains in the complex III dimer, one is resolved, indicating that this domain is immobile and unable to transfer electrons. The central position of the active complex III monomer between complex I and IV in the respirasome is optimal for accepting reduced quinone from complex I over a short diffusion distance of 11 nm, and delivering reduced cytochrome c to complex IV. The functional asymmetry of complex III provides strong evidence for directed electron flow from complex I to complex IV through the active complex III monomer in the mammalian supercomplex. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21290.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Sousa
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deryck J Mills
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
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Strecker V, Kadeer Z, Heidler J, Cruciat CM, Angerer H, Giese H, Pfeiffer K, Stuart RA, Wittig I. Supercomplex-associated Cox26 protein binds to cytochrome c oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:1643-52. [PMID: 27091403 PMCID: PMC7140176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we identified a hydrophobic 6.4kDa protein, Cox26, as a novel component of yeast mitochondrial supercomplex comprising respiratory complexes III and IV. Multi-dimensional native and denaturing electrophoretic techniques were used to identify proteins interacting with Cox26. The majority of the Cox26 protein was found non-covalently bound to the complex IV moiety of the III-IV supercomplexes. A population of Cox26 was observed to exist in a disulfide bond partnership with the Cox2 subunit of complex IV. No pronounced growth phenotype for Cox26 deficiency was observed, indicating that Cox26 may not play a critical role in the COX enzymology, and we speculate that Cox26 may serve to regulate or support the Cox2 protein. Respiratory supercomplexes are assembled in the absence of the Cox26 protein, however their pattern slightly differs to the wild type III-IV supercomplex appearance. The catalytic activities of complexes III and IV were observed to be normal and respiration was comparable to wild type as long as cells were cultivated under normal growth conditions. Stress conditions, such as elevated temperatures resulted in mild decrease of respiration in non-fermentative media when the Cox26 protein was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Strecker
- Molekulare Bioenergetik, Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Zibirnisa Kadeer
- Molekulare Bioenergetik, Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristina-Maria Cruciat
- Fakultät Angewandte Naturwissenschaften, Hochschule Esslingen, University of Applied Sciences, D-73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Heike Angerer
- Molekulare Bioenergetik, Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Bioenergetics Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heiko Giese
- Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathy Pfeiffer
- Department of Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosemary A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Molekulare Bioenergetik, Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Abstract
In an ischemic environment, brain tissue responds to oxygen deprivation with the initiation of rapid changes in bioenergetic metabolism to ensure ion and metabolic homeostasis. At the same time, the accelerated cleavage of membrane phospholipids changes membrane composition and increases free fatty acid concentration. Phospholipid breakdown also generates specific messengers that participate in signaling cascades that can either promote neuronal protection or cause injury. The net impact of signaling events affects the final outcome of the stroke. While reoxygenation is a life-saving intervention, it can exacerbate brain damage. Although compromised energy metabolism is restored shortly after reperfusion, alterations in membrane phospholipid composition with subsequent accumulation of lipid oxoderivates are neurotoxic, causing oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Thus, plasma and mitochondrial membranes are the first responders as well as mediators of IR-induced stress signals. In this review, we focus on ischemia-induced changes in brain energy metabolism and membrane functions as the causal agents of cell stress responses upon reoxygenation. The first part of the review deals with the specificities of neuronal bioenergetics during IR and their impact on metabolic processes. The second part is concentrated on involvement of both plasma and mitochondrial membranes in the production of messengers which can modulate neuroprotective pathways or participate in oxidative/electrophilic stress responses. Although the etiology of IR injury is multifactorial, deciphering the role of membrane and membrane-associated processes in brain damage will uncover new therapeutic agents with the ability to stabilize neuronal membranes and modulate their responses in favor of prosurvival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chomova
- a Faculty of Medicine Bratislava, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zitnanova
- a Faculty of Medicine Bratislava, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
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Shin JH, Kim HW, Rhyu IJ, Kee SH. Axin is expressed in mitochondria and suppresses mitochondrial ATP synthesis in HeLa cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:12-21. [PMID: 26704260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have revealed that axin is involved in numerous cellular functions beyond the negative regulation of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. Previously, an association of ectopic axin with mitochondria was observed. In an effort to investigate the relationship between axin and mitochondria, we found that axin expression suppressed cellular ATP production, which was more apparent as axin expression levels increased. Also, mitochondrial expression of axin was observed using two axin-expressing HeLa cell models: doxycycline-inducible ectopic axin expression (HeLa-axin) and axin expression enhanced by long-term treatment with XAV939 (HeLa-XAV). In biochemical analysis, axin is associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex IV and is involved in defects in the assembly of complex IV-containing supercomplexes. Functionally, axin expression reduced the activity of OXPHOS complex IV and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), suggesting axin-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequent studies using various inhibitors of Wnt signaling showed that the reduction in cellular ATP levels was weaker in cases of ICAT protein expression and treatment with iCRT3 or NSC668036 compared with XAV939 treatment, suggesting that XAV939 treatment affects ATP synthesis in addition to suppressing Wnt signaling activity. Axin-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function may be an additional mechanism to Wnt signaling for regulation of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
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Melo AMP, Teixeira M. Supramolecular organization of bacterial aerobic respiratory chains: From cells and back. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:190-7. [PMID: 26546715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic respiratory chains from all life kingdoms are composed by several complexes that have been deeply characterized in their isolated form. These membranous complexes link the oxidation of reducing substrates to the reduction of molecular oxygen, in a process that conserves energy by ion translocation between both sides of the mitochondrial or prokaryotic cytoplasmatic membranes. In recent years there has been increasing evidence that those complexes are organized as supramolecular structures, the so-called supercomplexes and respirasomes, being available for eukaryotes strong data namely obtained by electron microscopy and single particle analysis. A parallel study has been developed for prokaryotes, based on blue native gels and mass spectrometry analysis, showing that in these more simple unicellular organisms such supercomplexes also exist, involving not only typical aerobic-respiration associated complexes, but also anaerobic-linked enzymes. After a short overview of the data on eukaryotic supercomplexes, we will analyse comprehensively the different types of prokaryotic aerobic respiratory supercomplexes that have been thus far suggested, in both bacteria and archaea. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Prof Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M P Melo
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Kolas IK, Makarchikov AF. [PROPERTIES OF CHICKEN LIVER MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED THIAMINE TRIPHOSPHATASE]. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 87:37-46. [PMID: 26502698 DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymes involved in thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) metabolism in birds are not characterized so far. The aim of the present work was to study some properties of ThTPase in chicken liver. In liver homogenate, ThTPase activity has been found to display a bell-like pH-profile with a maximum of 5.5-6.0. Low activity was observed without divalent metal ions, while the addition of Mg2+ or Ca2+, each at 5 mM concentration, enhanced the rate of ThTP hydrolysis by a factor of 17-20. In the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ an apparent K(m) of the enzyme for ThTP was estimated by the method of non-linear regression as well as from the Hanes plot to be 1.7-2.2 mM. Monovalent anions such as I-, SCN-, NO3-, Br-, Cl- (at 150 mM concentration) showed inhibitory effect decreasing the rate of ThTPase reaction by 20-60%. After the homogenate was centrifuged, more than 85% of ThTPase activity was revealed in the fraction of insoluble particles indicating a membrane localization of the enzyme. The precipitate treatment with 1% sodium deoxycholate caused about 53% solubilization of the activity. During Toyopeal HW-55 chromatography, ThTPase activity was eluted simultaneously with ATPase and ITPase peaks in the void volume of the column. Thus, a non-specific high molecular mass protein complex seems to be involved in ThTP hydrolysis in the chicken liver. The chicken liver phosphatase is clearly distinguishable from all membrane-bound ThTPases reported previously.
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Yang JH, Sarrou I, Martin-Garcia JM, Zhang S, Redding KE, Fromme P. Purification and biochemical characterization of the ATP synthase from Heliobacterium modesticaldum. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:1-8. [PMID: 25979464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heliobacterium modesticaldum is an anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium that grows optimally at pH 6-7 and 52°C and is the only phototrophic member of the Firmicutes phylum family (gram-positive bacteria with low GC content). The ATP synthase of H. modesticaldum was isolated and characterized at the biochemical and biophysical levels. The isolated holoenzyme exhibited the subunit patterns of F-type ATP synthases containing a 5-subunit hydrophilic F1 subcomplex and a 3-subunit hydrophobic F0 subcomplex. ATP hydrolysis by the isolated HF1F0 ATP synthase was successfully detected after pretreatment with different detergents by an in-gel ATPase activity assay, which showed that the highest activity was detected in the presence of mild detergents such as LDAO; moreover, high catalytic activity in the gel was already detected after the initial incubation period of 0.5h. In contrast, HF1F0 showed extremely low ATPase activity in harsher detergents such as TODC. The isolated fully functional enzyme will form the basis for future structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay-How Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Iosifina Sarrou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jose M Martin-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Shangji Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Kevin E Redding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
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21
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Khyzhnyak SV, Sorokina LV, Stepanova LI, Kaplia AA. Functional and dynamic state of inner mitochondrial membrane of sarcoma 37 in mice under administration of sodium dichloroacetate. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 86:106-18. [PMID: 25816611 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of enzymes of the respiratory chain and structural-dynamic properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of sarcoma 37 (S37) in mice under sodium dichloroacetate (SDA) administration in a daily dose of 86 mg/kg of body weight starting from the 2nd day after tumor transplantation were investigated. The dynamic and structural state of the IMM components was determined using the fluorescent probes. With S37 growth the intensification of glycolytic metabolism occurred on the background of suppressed functional capacity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes. The changes of conformational properties of protein molecules and the increase of IMM lipid phase microviscosity were shown. The administration of SDA promotes the decrease of lactate content and the increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in S37. This was accompanied by further suppression of the functional activity of the respiratory chain complexes and H+-ATPase coupled with conformational modification ofprotein molecules and changes of the structural orderliness of the IMM lipid phase, possibly due to intensification of reactive oxygen species generation.
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22
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Abstract
In recent years, a number of advancements have been made in the study of entire mitochondrial proteomes in both physiological and pathological conditions. Naturally occurring iodothyronines (i.e., T3 and T2) greatly influence mitochondrial oxidative capacity, directly or indirectly affecting the structure and function of the respiratory chain components. Blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE) can be used to isolate enzymatically active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in one step, allowing the clinical diagnosis of mitochondrial metabolism by monitoring OXPHOS catalytic and/or structural features. Protocols for isolating mammalian liver mitochondria and subsequent one-dimensional (1D) BN-PAGE will be described in relation to the impact of thyroid hormones on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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23
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Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes in Mitochondria. THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY GENERATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Ngounou Wetie AG, Sokolowska I, Woods AG, Roy U, Deinhardt K, Darie CC. Protein-protein interactions: switch from classical methods to proteomics and bioinformatics-based approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:205-28. [PMID: 23579629 PMCID: PMC11113707 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Following the sequencing of the human genome and many other organisms, research on protein-coding genes and their functions (functional genomics) has intensified. Subsequently, with the observation that proteins are indeed the molecular effectors of most cellular processes, the discipline of proteomics was born. Clearly, proteins do not function as single entities but rather as a dynamic network of team players that have to communicate. Though genetic (yeast two-hybrid Y2H) and biochemical methods (co-immunoprecipitation Co-IP, affinity purification AP) were the methods of choice at the beginning of the study of protein-protein interactions (PPI), in more recent years there has been a shift towards proteomics-based methods and bioinformatics-based approaches. In this review, we first describe in depth PPIs and we make a strong case as to why unraveling the interactome is the next challenge in the field of proteomics. Furthermore, classical methods of investigation of PPIs and structure-based bioinformatics approaches are presented. The greatest emphasis is placed on proteomic methods, especially native techniques that were recently developed and that have been shown to be reliable. Finally, we point out the limitations of these methods and the need to set up a standard for the validation of PPI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand G. Ngounou Wetie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810 USA
| | - Izabela Sokolowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810 USA
| | - Alisa G. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810 USA
| | - Urmi Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810 USA
| | - Katrin Deinhardt
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810 USA
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25
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Habersetzer J, Larrieu I, Priault M, Salin B, Rossignol R, Brèthes D, Paumard P. Human F1F0 ATP synthase, mitochondrial ultrastructure and OXPHOS impairment: a (super-)complex matter? PLoS One 2013; 8:e75429. [PMID: 24098383 PMCID: PMC3788808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphogenesis is a key process of cell physiology. It is essential for the proper function of this double membrane-delimited organelle, as it ensures the packing of the inner membrane in a very ordered pattern called cristae. In yeast, the mitochondrial ATP synthase is able to form dimers that can assemble into oligomers. Two subunits (e and g) are involved in this supramolecular organization. Deletion of the genes encoding these subunits has no effect on the ATP synthase monomer assembly or activity and only affects its dimerization and oligomerization. Concomitantly, the absence of subunits e and g and thus, of ATP synthase supercomplexes, promotes the modification of mitochondrial ultrastructure suggesting that ATP synthase oligomerization is involved in cristae morphogenesis. We report here that in mammalian cells in culture, the shRNA-mediated down-regulation of subunits e and g affects the stability of ATP synthase and results in a 50% decrease of the available functional enzyme. Comparable to what was shown in yeast, when subunits e and g expression are repressed, ATP synthase dimers and oligomers are less abundant when assayed by native electrophoresis. Unexpectedly, mammalian ATP synthase dimerization/oligomerization impairment has functional consequences on the respiratory chain leading to a decrease in OXPHOS activity. Finally these structural and functional alterations of the ATP synthase have a strong impact on the organelle itself leading to the fission of the mitochondrial network and the disorganization of mitochondrial ultrastructure. Unlike what was shown in yeast, the impairment of the ATP synthase oligomerization process drastically affects mitochondrial ATP production. Thus we propose that mutations or deletions of genes encoding subunits e and g may have physiopathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Habersetzer
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Transducteurs d'Energie et Morphologie Mitochondriale, Université Bordeaux Segalen, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France ; CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
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ATP synthase oligomerization: From the enzyme models to the mitochondrial morphology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Torraco A, Verrigni D, Rizza T, Meschini MC, Vazquez-Memije ME, Martinelli D, Bianchi M, Piemonte F, Dionisi-Vici C, Santorelli FM, Bertini E, Carrozzo R. TMEM70: a mutational hot spot in nuclear ATP synthase deficiency with a pivotal role in complex V biogenesis. Neurogenetics 2012; 13:375-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-012-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Anti-apoptotic MCL-1 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and couples mitochondrial fusion to respiration. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:575-83. [PMID: 22544066 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages, is also among the most highly amplified genes in cancer. Although MCL-1 is known to oppose cell death, precisely how it functions to promote survival of normal and malignant cells is poorly understood. Here, we report that different forms of MCL-1 reside in distinct mitochondrial locations and exhibit separable functions. On the outer mitochondrial membrane, an MCL-1 isoform acts like other anti-apoptotic BCL-2 molecules to antagonize apoptosis, whereas an amino-terminally truncated isoform of MCL-1 that is imported into the mitochondrial matrix is necessary to facilitate normal mitochondrial fusion, ATP production, membrane potential, respiration, cristae ultrastructure and maintenance of oligomeric ATP synthase. Our results provide insight into how the surprisingly diverse salutary functions of MCL-1 may control the survival of both normal and cancer cells.
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Jonckheere AI, Smeitink JAM, Rodenburg RJT. Mitochondrial ATP synthase: architecture, function and pathology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:211-25. [PMID: 21874297 PMCID: PMC3278611 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial (mt) ATP synthase, or complex V consists of two functional domains: F(1), situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and F(o), located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex V uses the energy created by the proton electrochemical gradient to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. This review covers the architecture, function and assembly of complex V. The role of complex V di-and oligomerization and its relation with mitochondrial morphology is discussed. Finally, pathology related to complex V deficiency and current therapeutic strategies are highlighted. Despite the huge progress in this research field over the past decades, questions remain to be answered regarding the structure of subunits, the function of the rotary nanomotor at a molecular level, and the human complex V assembly process. The elucidation of more nuclear genetic defects will guide physio(patho)logical studies, paving the way for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- An I. Jonckheere
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, 656 Laboratory for Genetic, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. M. Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, 656 Laboratory for Genetic, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. T. Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, 656 Laboratory for Genetic, Endocrine, and Metabolic Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lenaz G, Genova ML. Supramolecular Organisation of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: A New Challenge for the Mechanism and Control of Oxidative Phosphorylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 748:107-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Assembly Factors of Human Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes: Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 748:65-106. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Zsigmond L, Szepesi A, Tari I, Rigó G, Király A, Szabados L. Overexpression of the mitochondrial PPR40 gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 182:87-93. [PMID: 22118619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is sensitive to environmental conditions and can be influenced by abiotic stress. Previously we described the Arabidopsis mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat domain protein PPR40, and showed that the stress hypersensitive ppr40-1 mutant is compromised in mitochondrial electron transport (Zsigmond et al., 2008) [20]. Overexpression of the PPR40 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced germination and superior plant growth in saline conditions. Respiration increased in PPR40 overexpressing plants during salt stress. Reduced amount of hydrogen peroxide, diminished lipid peroxidation, lower ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity accompanied salt tolerance. Proline accumulation was enhanced in the ppr40-1 mutant, but unaltered in the PPR40 overexpressing plants. Our data suggest that PPR40 can diminish the generation of reactive oxygen species by stabilizing the mitochondrial electron transport and protecting plants via reducing oxidative damage during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62., 6726-Szeged, Hungary
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Alkhaja AK, Jans DC, Nikolov M, Vukotic M, Lytovchenko O, Ludewig F, Schliebs W, Riedel D, Urlaub H, Jakobs S, Deckers M. MINOS1 is a conserved component of mitofilin complexes and required for mitochondrial function and cristae organization. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 23:247-57. [PMID: 22114354 PMCID: PMC3258170 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MINOS1/Mio10, a conserved mitochondrial protein, is required for mitochondrial inner membrane organization and cristae morphology. MINOS1/Mio10 is a novel constituent of the mitofilin/Fcj1 complex of the inner membrane, linking the morphology phenotype of the mutant to the activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing complex. The inner membrane of mitochondria is especially protein rich and displays a unique morphology characterized by large invaginations, the mitochondrial cristae, and the inner boundary membrane, which is in proximity to the outer membrane. Mitochondrial inner membrane proteins appear to be not evenly distributed in the inner membrane, but instead organize into functionally distinct subcompartments. It is unknown how the organization of the inner membrane is achieved. We identified MINOS1/MIO10 (C1orf151/YCL057C-A), a conserved mitochondrial inner membrane protein. mio10-mutant yeast cells are affected in growth on nonfermentable carbon sources and exhibit altered mitochondrial morphology. At the ultrastructural level, mutant mitochondria display loss of inner membrane organization. Proteomic analyses reveal MINOS1/Mio10 as a novel constituent of Mitofilin/Fcj1 complexes in human and yeast mitochondria. Thus our analyses reveal new insight into the composition of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwaleed K Alkhaja
- Department of Biochemistry II, University of Göttingen Medical School, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Nina PB, Morrisey JM, Ganesan SM, Ke H, Pershing AM, Mather MW, Vaidya AB. ATP synthase complex of Plasmodium falciparum: dimeric assembly in mitochondrial membranes and resistance to genetic disruption. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41312-41322. [PMID: 21984828 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.290973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rotary nanomotor ATP synthase is a central player in the bioenergetics of most organisms. Yet the role of ATP synthase in malaria parasites has remained unclear, as blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum appear to derive ATP largely through glycolysis. Also, genes for essential subunits of the F(O) sector of the complex could not be detected in the parasite genomes. Here, we have used molecular genetic and immunological tools to investigate the localization, complex formation, and functional significance of predicted ATP synthase subunits in P. falciparum. We generated transgenic P. falciparum lines expressing seven epitope-tagged canonical ATP synthase subunits, revealing localization of all but one of the subunits to the mitochondrion. Blue native gel electrophoresis of P. falciparum mitochondrial membranes suggested the molecular mass of the ATP synthase complex to be greater than 1 million daltons. This size is consistent with the complex being assembled as a dimer in a manner similar to the complexes observed in other eukaryotic organisms. This observation also suggests the presence of previously unknown subunits in addition to the canonical subunits in P. falciparum ATP synthase complex. Our attempts to disrupt genes encoding β and γ subunits were unsuccessful, suggesting an essential role played by the ATP synthase complex in blood stages of P. falciparum. These studies suggest that, despite some unconventional features and its minimal contribution to ATP synthesis, P. falciparum ATP synthase is localized to the parasite mitochondrion, assembled as a large dimeric complex, and is likely essential for parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Balabaskaran Nina
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Joanne M Morrisey
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Suresh M Ganesan
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Hangjun Ke
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - April M Pershing
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Michael W Mather
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Akhil B Vaidya
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129.
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Arrangement of electron transport chain components in bovine mitochondrial supercomplex I1III2IV1. EMBO J 2011; 30:4652-64. [PMID: 21909073 PMCID: PMC3243592 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory chain complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane are organized as three higher-order multi-enzyme complexes. This study puts forward the first cryo-EM map for one of these supercomplexes and provides insight into possible pathways for efficient electron transfer. The respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane contains three large multi-enzyme complexes that together establish the proton gradient for ATP synthesis, and assemble into a supercomplex. A 19-Å 3D map of the 1.7-MDa amphipol-solubilized supercomplex I1III2IV1 from bovine heart obtained by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy reveals an amphipol belt replacing the membrane lipid bilayer. A precise fit of the X-ray structures of complex I, the complex III dimer, and monomeric complex IV indicates distances of 13 nm between the ubiquinol-binding sites of complexes I and III, and of 10–11 nm between the cytochrome c binding sites of complexes III and IV. The arrangement of respiratory chain complexes suggests two possible pathways for efficient electron transfer through the supercomplex, of which the shorter branch through the complex III monomer proximal to complex I may be preferred.
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ATP synthase superassemblies in animals and plants: Two or more are better. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1185-97. [PMID: 21679683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Velours J, Stines-Chaumeil C, Habersetzer J, Chaignepain S, Dautant A, Brèthes D. Evidence of the proximity of ATP synthase subunits 6 (a) in the inner mitochondrial membrane and in the supramolecular forms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP synthase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:35477-35484. [PMID: 21868388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.275776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of subunit 6 (a) in the interface between yeast ATP synthase monomers has been highlighted. Based on the formation of a disulfide bond and using the unique cysteine 23 as target, we show that two subunits 6 are close in the inner mitochondrial membrane and in the solubilized supramolecular forms of the yeast ATP synthase. In a null mutant devoid of supernumerary subunits e and g that are involved in the stabilization of ATP synthase dimers, ATP synthase monomers are close enough in the inner mitochondrial membrane to make a disulfide bridge between their subunits 6, and this proximity is maintained in detergent extract containing this enzyme. The cross-linking of cysteine 23 located in the N-terminal part of the first transmembrane helix of subunit 6 suggests that this membrane-spanning segment is in contact with its counterpart belonging to the ATP synthase monomer that faces it and participates in the monomer-monomer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Velours
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex.
| | - Claire Stines-Chaumeil
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex
| | - Johan Habersetzer
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex; CNRS, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets, UMR 5248, Allée de Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex
| | - Daniel Brèthes
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex.
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Wang Y, Mohsen AW, Mihalik SJ, Goetzman ES, Vockley J. Evidence for physical association of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation complexes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29834-41. [PMID: 20663895 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.139493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are key pathways involved in cellular energetics. Reducing equivalents from FAO enter OXPHOS at the level of complexes I and III. Genetic disorders of FAO and OXPHOS are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism. Patients with deficiencies of either FAO or OXPHOS often show clinical and/or biochemical findings indicative of a disorder of the other pathway. In this study, the physical and functional interactions between these pathways were examined. Extracts of isolated rat liver mitochondria were subjected to blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BNGE) to separate OXPHOS complexes and supercomplexes followed by Western blotting using antisera to various FAO enzymes. Extracts were also subjected to sucrose density centrifugation and fractions analyzed by BNGE or enzymatic assays. Several FAO enzymes co-migrated with OXPHOS supercomplexes in different patterns in the gels. When palmitoyl-CoA was added to the sucrose gradient fractions containing OXPHOS supercomplexes in the presence of potassium cyanide, cytochrome c was reduced. Cytochrome c reduction was completely blocked by myxothiazol (a complex III inhibitor) and 3-mercaptopropionate (an inhibitor of the first step of FAO), but was only partially inhibited by rotenone (a complex I inhibitor). Although palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA provided reducing equivalents to OXPHOS-containing supercomplex fractions, no accumulation of their intermediates was detected. In contrast, short branched acyl-CoA substrates were not metabolized by OXPHOS-containing supercomplex fractions. These data provide evidence of a multifunctional FAO complex within mitochondria that is physically associated with OXPHOS supercomplexes and promotes metabolic channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA
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40
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Balabaskaran Nina P, Dudkina NV, Kane LA, van Eyk JE, Boekema EJ, Mather MW, Vaidya AB. Highly divergent mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes in Tetrahymena thermophila. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000418. [PMID: 20644710 PMCID: PMC2903591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-type ATP synthase complex is a rotary nano-motor driven by proton motive force to synthesize ATP. Its F(1) sector catalyzes ATP synthesis, whereas the F(o) sector conducts the protons and provides a stator for the rotary action of the complex. Components of both F(1) and F(o) sectors are highly conserved across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Therefore, it was a surprise that genes encoding the a and b subunits as well as other components of the F(o) sector were undetectable in the sequenced genomes of a variety of apicomplexan parasites. While the parasitic existence of these organisms could explain the apparent incomplete nature of ATP synthase in Apicomplexa, genes for these essential components were absent even in Tetrahymena thermophila, a free-living ciliate belonging to a sister clade of Apicomplexa, which demonstrates robust oxidative phosphorylation. This observation raises the possibility that the entire clade of Alveolata may have invented novel means to operate ATP synthase complexes. To assess this remarkable possibility, we have carried out an investigation of the ATP synthase from T. thermophila. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) revealed the ATP synthase to be present as a large complex. Structural study based on single particle electron microscopy analysis suggested the complex to be a dimer with several unique structures including an unusually large domain on the intermembrane side of the ATP synthase and novel domains flanking the c subunit rings. The two monomers were in a parallel configuration rather than the angled configuration previously observed in other organisms. Proteomic analyses of well-resolved ATP synthase complexes from 2-D BN/BN-PAGE identified orthologs of seven canonical ATP synthase subunits, and at least 13 novel proteins that constitute subunits apparently limited to the ciliate lineage. A mitochondrially encoded protein, Ymf66, with predicted eight transmembrane domains could be a substitute for the subunit a of the F(o) sector. The absence of genes encoding orthologs of the novel subunits even in apicomplexans suggests that the Tetrahymena ATP synthase, despite core similarities, is a unique enzyme exhibiting dramatic differences compared to the conventional complexes found in metazoan, fungal, and plant mitochondria, as well as in prokaryotes. These findings have significant implications for the origins and evolution of a central player in bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Balabaskaran Nina
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natalya V. Dudkina
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley A. Kane
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W. Mather
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akhil B. Vaidya
- Center for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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41
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Lenaz G, Genova ML. Structure and organization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes: a new understanding of an old subject. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:961-1008. [PMID: 19739941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain have been extensively investigated in their structural and functional properties. A clear distinction is possible today between three complexes in which the difference in redox potential allows proton translocation (complexes I, III, and IV) and those having the mere function to convey electrons to the respiratory chain. We also have a clearer understanding of the structure and function of most respiratory complexes, of their biogenesis and regulation, and of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species. Past investigations led to the conclusion that the complexes are randomly dispersed and functionally connected by diffusion of smaller redox components, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. More-recent investigations by native gel electrophoresis and single-particle image processing showed the existence of supramolecular associations. Flux-control analysis demonstrated that complexes I and III in mammals and I, III, and IV in plants kinetically behave as single units, suggesting the existence of substrate channeling. This review discusses conditions affecting the formation of supercomplexes that, besides kinetic advantage, have a role in the stability and assembly of the individual complexes and in preventing excess oxygen radical formation. Disruption of supercomplex organization may lead to functional derangements responsible for pathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Biochimica "G. Moruzzi," Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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42
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Suhai T, Heidrich NG, Dencher NA, Seelert H. Highly sensitive detection of ATPase activity in native gels. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:3622-5. [PMID: 19784950 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Native electrophoresis is a powerful tool for the separation of intact protein complexes. By incubating such gels in a suitable reaction solution, specific enzyme activities can be screened comprehensively. The recent standard procedure for determination of ATP hydrolysis activity in blue or clear native gels is based on formation of a lead phosphate precipitate. The resulting white bands are challenging for detection and documentation of low activities. For the analysis of photosynthetic ATP synthases, the method has to be adapted to deregulate the inhibition of latent ATPase functions. Therefore, we introduced an incubation of gels in detergent solution, whereby taurodeoxycholate turned out to be the most efficient activator. In order to detect low ATPase activities, a short additional incubation step subsequent to the formation of lead phosphate is recommended. By adding ammonium sulfide, the white bands are converted into brownish-black bands of lead sulfide. Our new procedure sustains the linear quantitation range of the original lead phosphate protocol and moreover expands the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Suhai
- Physical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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43
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Ageing alters the supramolecular architecture of OxPhos complexes in rat brain cortex. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:563-72. [PMID: 20159033 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activity and stability of life-supporting proteins are determined not only by their abundance and by post-translational modifications, but also by specific protein-protein interactions. This holds true both for signal-transduction and energy-converting cascades. For vital processes such as life-span control and senescence, to date predominantly age-dependent alterations in abundance and to lesser extent in post-translational modifications of proteins are examined to elucidate the cause of ageing at the molecular level. In mitochondria of rat cortex, we quantified profound changes in the proportion of supramolecular assemblies (supercomplexes) of the respiratory chain complexes I, III(2), IV as well as of the MF(o)F(1) ATP synthase (complex V) by 2D-native/SDS electrophoresis and fluorescent staining. Complex I was present solely in supercomplexes and those lacking complex IV were least stable in aged animals (2.4-fold decline). The ATP synthase was confirmed as a prominent target of age-associated degradation by an overall decline in abundance of 1.5-fold for the monomer and an 2.8-fold increase of unbound F(1). Oligomerisation of the ATP synthase increases during ageing and might modulate the cristae architecture. These data could explain the link between ageing and respiratory control as well as ROS generation.
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44
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Dudkina NV, Oostergetel GT, Lewejohann D, Braun HP, Boekema EJ. Row-like organization of ATP synthase in intact mitochondria determined by cryo-electron tomography. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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45
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Kagawa Y. ATP synthase: from single molecule to human bioenergetics. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:667-93. [PMID: 20689227 PMCID: PMC3066536 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ATP synthase (F(o)F(1)) consists of an ATP-driven motor (F(1)) and a H(+)-driven motor (F(o)), which rotate in opposite directions. F(o)F(1) reconstituted into a lipid membrane is capable of ATP synthesis driven by H(+) flux. As the basic structures of F(1) (alpha(3)beta(3)gammadeltaepsilon) and F(o) (ab(2)c(10)) are ubiquitous, stable thermophilic F(o)F(1) (TF(o)F(1)) has been used to elucidate molecular mechanisms, while human F(1)F(o) (HF(1)F(o)) has been used to study biomedical significance. Among F(1)s, only thermophilic F(1) (TF(1)) can be analyzed simultaneously by reconstitution, crystallography, mutagenesis and nanotechnology for torque-driven ATP synthesis using elastic coupling mechanisms. In contrast to the single operon of TF(o)F(1), HF(o)F(1) is encoded by both nuclear DNA with introns and mitochondrial DNA. The regulatory mechanism, tissue specificity and physiopathology of HF(o)F(1) were elucidated by proteomics, RNA interference, cytoplasts and transgenic mice. The ATP synthesized daily by HF(o)F(1) is in the order of tens of kilograms, and is primarily controlled by the brain in response to fluctuations in activity.
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Dudkina NV, Kouril R, Peters K, Braun HP, Boekema EJ. Structure and function of mitochondrial supercomplexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1797:664-70. [PMID: 20036212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The five complexes (complexes I-V) of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system of mitochondria can be extracted in the form of active supercomplexes. Single-particle electron microscopy has provided 2D and 3D data describing the interaction between complexes I and III, among I, III and IV and in a dimeric form of complex V, between two ATP synthase monomers. The stable interactions are called supercomplexes which also form higher-ordered oligomers. Cryo-electron tomography provides new insights on how these supercomplexes are arranged within intact mitochondria. The structure and function of OXPHOS supercomplexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Dudkina
- Electron microscopy group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Wittig I, Schägger H. Native electrophoretic techniques to identify proteinâprotein interactions. Proteomics 2009; 9:5214-23. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Lenaz G, Genova ML. Structural and functional organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: a dynamic super-assembly. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1750-1772. [PMID: 19711505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system has received large attention in the past and most investigations led to the conclusion that the respiratory enzymatic complexes are randomly dispersed in the lipid bilayer of the inner membrane and functionally connected by fast diffusion of smaller redox components, Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. More recent investigations by native gel electrophoresis, however, have shown the existence of supramolecular associations of the respiratory complexes, confirmed by electron microscopy analysis and single particle image processing. Flux control analysis has demonstrated that Complexes I and III in mammalian mitochondria and Complexes I, III, and IV in plant mitochondria kinetically behave as single units with control coefficients approaching unity for each single component, suggesting the existence of substrate channelling within the supercomplexes. The reasons why the presence of substrate channelling for Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c was overlooked in the past are analytically discussed. The review also discusses the forces and the conditions responsible for the formation of the supramolecular units. The function of the supercomplexes appears not to be restricted to kinetic advantages in electron transfer: we discuss evidence on their role in the stability and assembly of the individual complexes and in preventing excess oxygen radical formation. Finally, there is increasing evidence that disruption of the supercomplex organization leads to functional derangements responsible for pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lenaz
- Dipartimento di Biochimica G. Moruzzi, Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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49
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Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase and organellar internal architecture. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1783-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Nübel E, Wittig I, Kerscher S, Brandt U, Schägger H. Two-dimensional native electrophoretic analysis of respiratory supercomplexes from Yarrowia lipolytica. Proteomics 2009; 9:2408-18. [PMID: 19343715 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria of the strictly aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica contain respiratory complex I with close functional and structural similarity to the mammalian enzyme. Unlike mammalian mitochondria, however, Yarrowia mitochondria have been thought not to contain supercomplexes. Here, we identify respiratory supercomplexes composed of complexes I, III and IV also in Y. lipolytica. Evidence for dimeric complex I suggests further association of respiratory supercomplexes into respiratory strings or patches. Similar supercomplex organization in Yarrowia and mammalian mitochondria further makes this aerobic yeast a useful model for the human oxidative phosphorylation system. The analysis of supercomplexes and their constituent complexes was made possible by 2-D native electrophoresis, i.e. by using native electrophoresis for both dimensions. Digitonin and blue-native electrophoresis were generally applied for the initial separation of supercomplexes followed by less mild native electrophoresis variants in the second dimension to release the individual complexes from the supercomplexes. Such 2-D native systems are useful means to identify the constituent proteins and their copy numbers in detergent-labile physiological assemblies, since they can reduce the complexity of supramolecular systems to the level of individual complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nübel
- Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Molekulare Bioenergetik, Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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