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Park DY, Kim CH, Park DY, Kim HJ, Cho HJ. Intermittent hypoxia induces Th17/Treg imbalance in a murine model of obstructive sleep apnea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305230. [PMID: 38913648 PMCID: PMC11195984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by cyclic normoxic and hypoxic conditions (intermittent hypoxia, IH) induced by the repeated closure of the upper-airway respiratory tract. As a pathomechanism of OSA, IH results in various comorbidities via chronic inflammation and related pathways. However, the role of other inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, has not been well-explored. This study aimed to examine the effects of IH on the distribution and balance of T cell subsets and other related cytokines, and mechanisms in the immune system. We modified OSA mouse model (male C57BL/6N male) using our customized chamber that controls specific sleep and oxygenic cycles. To induce hypoxia, the IH group was repeatedly exposed to 5% O2 and 21% O2 lasting for 120 s each for 7 h daily for 4 weeks. Mice were then subjected to a recovery period of 4 weeks, in which IH stimulation was ceased. T cells and related cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, the IH group had significantly lower levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells but higher levels of Th 17, IL-4, HIF-1, and inflammatory cytokines. After the recovery period, these altered changes in the immune cells were recovered, and we found no significant difference in their levels between the control and recovery groups. This study revealed that the Th17/Treg ratio is increased by intermittent hypoxia, and this imbalance can explain immune-related diseases, including recently reported allergies, autoimmune, and even cancer diseases, arising from OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yang Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Tan J, Zhang Q. Cytosolic Escape of Mitochondrial DNA Triggers cGAS-STING Pathway-Dependent Neuronal PANoptosis in Response to Intermittent Hypoxia. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04151-7. [PMID: 38833090 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is the predominant pathophysiological disturbance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by neuronal cell death and neurocognitive impairment. We focus on the accumulated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytosol, which acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and activates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a known trigger for immune responses and neuronal death in degenerative diseases. However, the specific role and mechanism of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis in IH-induced neural damage remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the involvement of PANoptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death linked to cytosolic mtDNA accumulation and the cGAS-STING pathway activation, in neuronal cell death induced by IH. Our study found that PANoptosis occurred in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and HT22 cell lines exposed to IH. In addition, we discovered that during IH, mtDNA released into the cytoplasm via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activates the cGAS-STING pathway, exacerbating PANoptosis-associated neuronal death. Pharmacologically inhibiting mPTP opening or depleting mtDNA significantly reduced cGAS-STING pathway activation and PANoptosis in HT22 cells under IH. Moreover, our findings indicated that the cGAS-STING pathway primarily promotes PANoptosis by modulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Inhibiting or silencing the cGAS-STING pathway substantially reduced ER stress-mediated neuronal death and PANoptosis, while lentivirus-mediated STING overexpression exacerbated these effects. In summary, our study elucidates that cytosolic escape of mtDNA triggers cGAS-STING pathway-dependent neuronal PANoptosis in response to IH, mainly through regulating ER stress. The discovery of the novel mechanism provides theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Que Y, Meng H, Ding Y, Fan J, Du Y, Xu G. Investigation of the shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and asthma. Gene 2024; 896:148029. [PMID: 38007161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is highly related with asthma from the epidemiology to pathogenesis, while the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we aimed to reveal the shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms underlying the coexistence of OSAS and asthma and verified relating pathway in mouse models. We downloaded GSE75097 of OSAS and GSE165934 of asthma from GEO database and performed differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and potential pathogenic pathway. PPI network was constructed with the STRING database. Hub genes were identified with cytoHubba and immune infiltration analysis was performed with cibersort for further verification. Potential drugs were screened with Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and miRNA-gene network was constructed. Besides, to test the pulmonary function and inflammatory cytokine, mouse models with OSAS and asthma were constructed, followed by validating the involvement of NOD1/NOD2-RIPK2-NF-κB-MCPIP-1 pathway in associated diseases. RESULTS In total, 104 DEGs were identified, in which PLAUR, RIPK2, PELI1, ZC3H12A, and TNFAIP8 are the hub genes, while NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and apoptosis signaling pathway were the potential influential pathways. Increased γδT cells and neutrophils were detected in asthma patients through immune infiltration analysis. Significant difference was detected among genders in OSAS, and acetaminophen is a potential drug in the comorbidity by screening the drugs in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Mice with OSAS and asthma presented with worse pulmonary function and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. The relative proteins, including NOD1, NOD2, RIPK2, NF-κB, and MCPIP-1, were up-regulated in mice with the OSAS and asthma. CONCLUSIONS This research firstly elucidates NOD1/NOD2-RIPK2-NF-κB-MCPIP-1 pathway as the shared pathway in the development of OSAS and asthma through bioinformatics and experimental methods. There is an interactive deterioration model between OSAS and asthma. This study may provide some potential biomarkers in the future research of the underlying pathogenesis and treatment of comorbidity of OSAS and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Que
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkai Ding
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingzhen Du
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Moradi MT, Fadaei R, Sharafkhaneh A, Khazaie H, Gozal D. The role of lncRNAs in intermittent hypoxia and sleep Apnea: A review of experimental and clinical evidence. Sleep Med 2024; 113:188-197. [PMID: 38043330 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we present a comprehensive assessment on the putative roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep apnea. Collectively, the evidence from cell culture, animal, and clinical research studies points to the functional involvement of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies for this highly prevalent disorder. Further research is clearly warranted to uncover the mechanistic pathways and to exploit the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs, thereby improving the management and outcomes of patients suffering from sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Taher Moradi
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amir Sharafkhaneh
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - David Gozal
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Arnaud C, Billoir E, de Melo Junior AF, Pereira SA, O'Halloran KD, Monteiro EC. Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction: from adaptation to maladaptation. J Physiol 2023; 601:5553-5577. [PMID: 37882783 DOI: 10.1113/jp284166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the dominant pathological feature of human obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which is highly prevalent and associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases. CIH causes hypertension, centred on sympathetic nervous overactivity, which persists following removal of the CIH stimulus. Molecular mechanisms contributing to CIH-induced hypertension have been carefully delineated. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the efficacy of interventions to ameliorate high blood pressure in established disease. CIH causes endothelial dysfunction, aberrant structural remodelling of vessels and accelerates atherosclerotic processes. Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways converge on disrupted nitric oxide signalling driving vascular dysfunction. In addition, CIH has adverse effects on the myocardium, manifesting atrial fibrillation, and cardiac remodelling progressing to contractile dysfunction. Sympatho-vagal imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated HIF-1α transcriptional responses and resultant pro-apoptotic ER stress, calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction conspire to drive myocardial injury and failure. CIH elaborates direct and indirect effects in the kidney that initially contribute to the development of hypertension and later to chronic kidney disease. CIH-induced morphological damage of the kidney is dependent on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and associated pyroptosis. Emerging potential therapies related to the gut-kidney axis and blockade of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are promising. Cardiorenal outcomes in response to intermittent hypoxia present along a continuum from adaptation to maladaptation and are dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure to intermittent hypoxia. This heterogeneity of OSA is relevant to therapeutic treatment options and we argue the need for better stratification of OSA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Arnaud
- Université Grenoble-Alpes INSERM U1300, Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Emma Billoir
- Université Grenoble-Alpes INSERM U1300, Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sofia A Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emilia C Monteiro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sun S, Liu F, Fan F, Chen N, Pan X, Wei Z, Zhang Y. Exploring the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine combined with mesenchymal stem cells based on inflammatory targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22005. [PMID: 38045166 PMCID: PMC10692769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, which is the common pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The immune inflammatory response throughout the course of AS has been evidenced by studies, in which a large number of immune cells and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. The inflammation related to AS is mainly mediated by inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, hs-CRP, SAA), inflammatory enzymes (Lp-PLA2, sPLA2-IIA, MMPs), and inflammatory signaling pathways (P38 MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TLR2/4 signaling pathway). It is involved in the pathophysiological process of AS, and the degree of inflammation measured by it can be used to evaluate the risk of progression of AS plaque instability. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown the advantage of minimal side effects in immune regulation and has made some progress in the prevention and treatment of AS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as self-renewal, highly differentiated, and pluripotent stem cells with anti-inflammatory properties and immune regulation, have been widely used for AS treatment. They also play an important inflammation-immune regulatory function in AS. Notably, in terms of regulating immune cells and inflammatory factors, compared with TCM and its compound, the combination therapy has obvious anti-inflammatory advantages over the use of MSCs alone. It is an important means to further improve the efficacy of AS and provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibiao Sun
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feixiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feiyan Fan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Na Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhihui Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Dong N, Wang X, He Y, Yue H, Yin Q. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:218. [PMID: 37230968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function in the upper airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, and fluid shifts to the neck. The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration, which lead to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep, which sharply increases the risk of several diseases. This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology, incidence, and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS. Next, the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed. For example, IH can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair the intestinal barrier, and alter intestinal metabolites. These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation. We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis, including cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive disorders, and COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future, but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Qu M, Xu J, Yang Y, Li R, Li T, Chen S, Di Y. Assessment of sulfamethoxazole toxicity to marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Combine p38-MAPK signaling pathway modulation with histopathological alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114365. [PMID: 36508823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), is a ubiquitous antibiotic in the aquatic environment and received concerns on its health hazards, especially its sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms which were remained largely unknown. In the present study, in order to investigate SMX induced tissue damages and reveal underlying mechanisms, marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis were challenged to SMX series (0.5, 50 and 500 μg/L) for six-days followed by six-day-recovery. Comprehensive histopathological alteration (including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative indices), together with transcriptional and (post-) translational responses of key factors (p38, NFκB and p53) in the p38-MAPK signaling pathway were analyzed in gills and digestive glands. Tissue-specific responses were clearly investigated with gills showing more prompt responses and digestive glands showing higher tolerance to SMX. The histopathology showed that SMX triggered inflammatory damages in both tissues and quantitative analysis revealed more significant responses, suggesting its potential as a valuable health indicator. SMX activated expressions of p38, NFκB and p53 at transcriptional and (post-) translational levels, especially after exposed to low level SMX, evidenced by p38 coupled with NFκB/p53 regulation on immunity defense in mussels. Less induction of targeted molecules under severe SMX exposure indicated such signaling transduction may not be efficient enough and can result in inflammatory damages. Taken together, this study expanded the understanding of aquatic SMX induced health risk in marine mussels and the underlying regulation mechanism through p38 signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Meng T, Li X, Li C, Liu J, Chang H, Jiang N, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu Z. Natural products of traditional Chinese medicine treat atherosclerosis by regulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997598. [PMID: 36249778 PMCID: PMC9563010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent arteriosclerotic vascular disease that forms a pathological basis for coronary heart disease, stroke, and other diseases. Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses occur throughout the development of AS. Treatment for AS over the past few decades has focused on administering high-intensity statins to reduce blood lipid levels, but these inevitably damage liver and kidney function over the long term. Natural medicines are widely used to prevent and treat AS in China because of their wide range of beneficial effects, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. We searched for relevant literature over the past 5 years in databases such as PubMed using the keywords, “atherosclerosis,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “natural medicines,” “inflammation,” and “oxidative stress.” We found that the PI3K/AKT, TLR4, JAK/STAT, Nrf2, MAPK, and NF-κB are the most relevant inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in AS. This review summarizes studies of the natural alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, saponin, and quinone pathways through which natural medicines used to treat AS. This study aimed to update and summarize progress in understanding how natural medicines treat AS via inflammatory and oxidative stress-related signaling pathways. We also planned to create an information base for the development of novel drugs for future AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Meng
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengjia Li
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yabin Zhou, ; Zhiping Liu,
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Respiratoy Disease Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yabin Zhou, ; Zhiping Liu,
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Liu H, Xu P. The Role of Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101303. [PMID: 36291237 PMCID: PMC9599901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has become a major worldwide public health concern, given its global prevalence. It has clear links with multiple comorbidities and mortality. Cognitive impairment is one related comorbidity causing great pressure on individuals and society. The clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment in OSAS include decline in attention/vigilance, verbal–visual memory loss, visuospatial/structural ability impairment, and executive dysfunction. It has been proven that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may be a main cause of cognitive impairment in OSAS. Inflammation plays important roles in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the nuclear factor kappa B and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha pathways play significant roles in this inflammatory mechanism. Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective therapy for OSAS; however, its effect on cognitive impairment is suboptimal. Therefore, in this review, we address the role inflammation plays in the development of neuro-impairment in OSAS and the association between OSAS and cognitive impairment to provide an overview of its pathophysiology. We believe that furthering the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in OSAS-associated cognitive impairment could lead to the development of appropriate and effective therapy.
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Yuan E, Lian Y, Li Q, Lai Z, Sun L, Lai X, Chen R, Wen S, Zhu J, Zhang W, Sun S. Roles of Adinandra nitida (Theaceae) and camellianin A in HCl/ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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The Role of Vitamin D in Sleep Disorders of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031430. [PMID: 35163353 PMCID: PMC8835880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient known to play an important role in the growth and bone health of the human body, but it also appears to play a role in sleep. The goal of our review is to examine the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders in children and adolescents. We summarize the evidence about the role and the mechanism of action of vitamin D in children and adolescents with sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and other sleep disorders. Systematic electronic database searches were conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane Library. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. The studies that met the established inclusion criteria were analyzed and compared. Results suggest a strict relationship between vitamin D deficiency in children and sleep disorders. There is evidence that vitamin D is implicated in the different neurochemical mechanisms involved in sleep regulation and mainly in the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. This might be responsible for the association of vitamin D deficiency and restless sleep, sleep hyperhidrosis, OSA, and RLS.
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Park J, Jung S, Kim SM, Park IY, Bui NA, Hwang GS, Han IO. Repeated hypoxia exposure induces cognitive dysfunction, brain inflammation, and amyloidβ/ p-Tau accumulation through reduced brain O-GlcNAcylation in zebrafish. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3111-3126. [PMID: 34176340 PMCID: PMC8756468 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211027381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive hypoxia (RH) exposure affects the initiation and progression of cognitive dysfunction, but little is known about the mechanisms of hypoxic brain damage. In this study, we show that sublethal RH increased anxiety, impaired learning and memory (L/M), and triggered downregulation of brain levels of glucose and several glucose metabolites in zebrafish, and that supplementation of glucose or glucosamine (GlcN) restored RH-induced L/M impairment. Fear conditioning (FC)-induced brain activation of and PKA/CREB signaling was abrogated by RH, and this effect was reversed by GlcN supplementation. RH was associated with decreased brain O-GlcNAcylation and an increased O-GlcNAcase (OGA) level. RH increased brain inflammation and p-Tau and amyloid β accumulation, and these effects were suppressed by GlcN. Our observations collectively suggest that changes in O-GlcNAc flux during hypoxic exposure could be an important causal factor for neurodegeneration, and that supplementation of the HBP/O-GlcNAc flux may be a potential novel therapeutic or preventive target for addressing hypoxic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Young Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ngan An Bui
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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14
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Gastroprotective effects of extract of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flower in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal ulceration mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112268. [PMID: 34634558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasminum grandiflorum L. is a medicinal plant used to treat hepatitis and gastritis, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against gastrointestinal mucosal damage remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four different extracts and two compounds from the flower of J. grandiflorum in a mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer. The flower extracts alleviated gastric mucosal ulceration by increasing PGE2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis-related proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) production.
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15
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Korbecki J, Simińska D, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Listos J, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910701. [PMID: 34639040 PMCID: PMC8509318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which induce changes in gene expression. This paper discusses in detail the mechanisms of activation of these two transcription factors in chronic and cycling hypoxia and the crosstalk between both signaling pathways. In particular, it focuses on the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) together with nitric oxide synthase, acetylation of HIF-1, and the action of MAPK cascades. The paper also discusses the importance of hypoxia in the formation of chronic low-grade inflammation in cancerous tumors. Finally, we discuss the effects of cycling hypoxia on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on the expression of VEGF-A, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL8/IL-8, and COX-2 together with PGE2. These factors induce angiogenesis and recruit various cells into the tumor niche, including neutrophils and monocytes which, in the tumor, are transformed into tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that participate in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(91)-466-1515
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16
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Wang W, Xu Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Ge W, Li X, Mou W, Wang X, Chai W, Zhao J, Wang G, Xi Y, Qiu Y, Ji T, Gui J, Tai J, Ni X. Tim-3 is a potential regulator that inhibits monocyte inflammation in response to intermittent hypoxia in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clin Immunol 2020; 222:108641. [PMID: 33271370 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the characteristic intermittent hypoxia (IH) of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on monocyte remain unclear. Our study found that OSAS children had a significantly upregulated expression in circulating proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12, and endothelial injury markers VEGF and ICAM1. Association analysis revealed that the plasma TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 concentration were negatively associated with the minimal SpO2, a negative index for disease severity. OSAS monocytes presented an inflammatory phenotype with higher mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, we noted a significant decrease in T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 expression in OSAS monocytes with the increase of the plasma proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro assay demonstrated that IH induced THP-1 cell overactivation via NF-κB dependent pathway was inhibited by the Tim-3 signal. Our results indicated that activation of monocyte inflammatory responses is closely related to OSAS-induced IH, and negatively mediated by a Tim-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Respiratory Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wentong Ge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Chai
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S. Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204626. [PMID: 33050668 PMCID: PMC7594042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingyi Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lingli Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
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18
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Fitzpatrick SF, King AD, O'Donnell C, Roche HM, Ryan S. Mechanisms of intermittent hypoxia-mediated macrophage activation - potential therapeutic targets for obstructive sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13202. [PMID: 32996666 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). IH induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue with M1 macrophage polarisation, subsequently impeding adipocyte insulin signalling, and these changes are in striking similarity to those seen in obesity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of IH-induced macrophage polarisation are unknown and identification of same should lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that IH acts through similar mechanisms as obesity, activating Toll-like-receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathways leading to the upregulation and secretion of the key cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from lean and obese C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to a state-of-the-art in vitro model of IH. Independent of obesity, IH led to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype characterised by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6 mRNA expression, robust increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity and IL-6 secretion. Furthermore, IH significantly increased pro-IL-1β mRNA and protein expression and mature IL-1β secretion compared to control treatment. Providing mechanistic insight, pre-treatment with the TLR4 specific inhibitor, TAK-242, prevented IH-induced M1 polarisation and upregulation of IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β protein expression. Moreover, IH-induced increase in IL-1β secretion was prevented in BMDMs isolated from NLRP3 knockout mice. Thus, targeting TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 signalling pathways may provide novel therapeutic options for metabolic complications in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Fitzpatrick
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ailbhe D King
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Donnell
- Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Silke Ryan
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Musutova M, Weiszenstein M, Koc M, Polak J. Intermittent Hypoxia Stimulates Lipolysis, But Inhibits Differentiation and De Novo Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:146-153. [PMID: 31928504 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH) may play a role in the development of metabolic impairments in the context of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, probably by elevated plasma levels of free fatty acids. Employing gas-permeable cultureware to grow differentiated human and mouse adipocytes in vitro, we directly studied the effects of pericellular oxygen fluctuations on key adipocyte metabolic functions-spontaneous lipolytic rates, triglyceride accumulation, de novo lipogenesis, and expression of adipocyte-specific marker genes. Materials and Methods: 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and human subcutaneous preadipocytes were differentiated under conditions that induced repetitive pericellular-oxygen cycles IH between 1% O2 (5 min) and 16% O2 (5 min), continuously for 14 days or under control conditions. Chemicals were used to inhibit the flux of acetyl-CoA from glycolysis (alfa-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate) or the tricarboxylic acid cycle (SB204990), or to stimulate the flux of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate to the lipogenic pool. Lipolytic rate, intracellular lipids, and expression of adipocyte differentiation markers were assessed and t-test or ANOVA were used to find significant differences. Results: The rate of lipolysis increased by 211% in 3T3-L1 cells and by 39% in obese human adipocytes. Exposure to IH reduced intracellular lipid stores by 37% and reduced the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers. Pharmacological stimulation or inhibition of de novo lipogenesis did not modify the intracellular lipid content under IH. Conclusions: Pericellular oxygen fluctuations directly stimulated lipolysis, but did not increase de novo lipogenesis from endogenous substrates. Similarly, IH hampered adipocyte differentiation from precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Musutova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Unit for Chemical Safety, Centre of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koc
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Zhang L, Ou X, Zhu T, Lv X. Beneficial effects of estrogens in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2019; 24:7-13. [PMID: 31309463 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showing the higher frequency of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in men, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and in post-menopausal women suggest the beneficial role of estrogen. These findings are well supported by the pre-clinical studies (ten research studies described in this review) showing that estrogen and phytoestrogens attenuate the deleterious effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (obstructive apnea in animals) on the genioglossal muscles and on other organs (co-morbidities) in ovariectomized rodents. Moreover, clinical studies (four research studies described in this review) have also shown the beneficial role of estrogen therapy on the parameters of obstructive apnea in post-menopausal women. The beneficial effects of estrogen and phytoestrogens on obstructive sleep apnea and its co morbidities have been attributed to increase in thioredoxin, Nrf-2, activation of p38 MAP kinases, inhibition of vagal C fibers, and attenuation of HIF-1α. It is possible that estrogen-mediated activation of p38 MAP kinase may inhibit HIF-1α to attenuate lung inflammation, which may inhibit the activation of vagal C fibers to attenuate bronchoconstriction and prevent obstruction during sleep. Moreover, estrogen-mediated increase in thioredoxin and Nrf-2 may also contribute in increasing antioxidant defense and attenuating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyan Ou
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tonggang Zhu
- Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Road, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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21
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Kyotani Y, Takasawa S, Yoshizumi M. Proliferative Pathways of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Intermittent Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112706. [PMID: 31159449 PMCID: PMC6600262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis) and chronic inflammatory diseases (CID). The excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and nuclear factor-κB are thought to be the main factors involved in responses to IH and in regulating adaptations or inflammation pathways, however, further evidence is needed to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of this process in VSMCs. Furthermore, few studies of IH have examined smooth muscle cell responses. Our previous studies demonstrated that increased interleukin (IL)-6, epidermal growth factor family ligands, and erbB2 receptor, some of which amplify inflammation and, consequently, induce CID, were induced by IH and were involved in the proliferation of VSMCs. Since IH increased IL-6 and epiregulin expression in VSMCs, the same phenomenon may also occur in other smooth muscle cells, and, consequently, may be related to the incidence or progression of several diseases. In the present review, we describe how IH can induce the excessive proliferation of VSMCs and we develop the suggestion that other CID may be related to the effects of IH on other smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.
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22
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Hsieh KY, Wei CK, Wu CC. YC-1 Prevents Tumor-Associated Tissue Factor Expression and Procoagulant Activity in Hypoxic Conditions by Inhibiting p38/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020244. [PMID: 30634531 PMCID: PMC6359014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) expressed in cancer cells has been linked to tumor-associated thrombosis, a major cause of mortality in malignancy. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and can upregulate TF. In this study, the effect of YC-1, a putative inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), on hypoxia-induced TF expression was investigated in human lung cancer A549 cells. YC-1 selectively prevented hypoxia-induced TF expression and procoagulant activity without affecting the basal TF levels. Surprisingly, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α failed to mimic YC-1′s effect on TF expression, suggesting other mechanisms are involved. NF-κB, a transcription factor for TF, and its upstream regulator p38, were activated by hypoxia exposure. Treatment of hypoxic A549 cells with YC-1 prevented the activation of both NF-κB and p38. Inhibition of p38 suppressed hypoxia-activated NF-κB, and inhibited TF expression and activity to similar levels as treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor. Furthermore, stimulation of p38 by anisomycin reversed the effects of YC-1. Taken together, our results suggest that YC-1 prevents hypoxia-induced TF in cancer cells by inhibiting the p38/NF-κB pathway, this is distinct from the conventional anticoagulants that systemically inhibit blood coagulation and may shed new light on approaches to treat tumor-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Yen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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23
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is recognized as a major public health burden conveying a significant risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for the majority of patients with OSA but the benefit of CPAP on CVD is uncertain. Thus, a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which OSA leads to CVD might identify novel therapeutic approaches. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark feature of OSA, plays a key role in the pathogenesis and experimental studies using animal and cell culture studies suggest that IH mediates CVD through activation of multiple mechanistic pathways such as sympathetic excitation, inflammation, oxidative stress or metabolic dysregulation. Recurrent arousals, intrathoracic pressure swings and concomitant obesity likely play important additive roles in this process. In this review, the available evidence of the pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD in OSA is explored with a specific emphasis on IH, recurrent arousals and intrathoracic pressure swings as the main pathophysiological triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Ryan
- Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Wang Q. Effect of deubiquitinase USP8 on hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced inflammation by deubiquitination of TAK1 in renal tubular epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3467-3476. [PMID: 30221684 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation (IHR), characterized by repeated episodes of hypoxia interspersed with periods of reoxygenation, has been found to induce pro‑inflammatory cytokine production and is increasingly recognized as a major pathophysiological factor in various disease processes with distinct cell and molecular responses. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to investigate the effects of ubiquitin‑specific peptidase 8 (USP8) on IHR‑induced inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells and examine the underlying mechanism. Following transfection of plasmids, HK‑2 and TCMK‑1 cells were incubated for eight cycles of IHR treatment including 3 h of hypoxic incubation followed by 3 h of normoxic culture. It was demonstrated that the expression of USP8 was decreased in IHR conditions but not in normoxic or continuous hypoxic conditions. In addition, IHR‑induced inflammation was suppressed in USP8‑overexpressinh renal tubular epithelial cells, and the silencing of USP8 markedly aggravated inflammation. Furthermore, it was found that the overexpression of USP8 inhibited the IHR‑induced activation of nuclear factor‑κB and it was demonstrated that USP8 interacted with transforming growth factor‑β‑activated kinase‑1 (TAK1) and deubiquitinated the K63‑linked ubiquitination of TAK1. Taken together, the results demonstrated the role of USP8 in IHR‑induced inflammation and suggested USP8 as a potential and specific therapeutic target for IHR‑related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yingquan Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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25
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Hunyor I, Cook KM. Models of intermittent hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea: molecular pathways and their contribution to cancer. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R669-R687. [PMID: 29995459 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00036.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common and linked to a variety of poor health outcomes. A key modulator of this disease is nocturnal intermittent hypoxia. There is striking epidemiological evidence that patients with OSA have higher rates of cancer and cancer mortality. Small-animal models demonstrate an important role for systemic intermittent hypoxia in tumor growth and metastasis, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Emerging data indicate that intermittent hypoxia activates the hypoxic response and inflammatory pathways in a manner distinct from chronic hypoxia. However, there is significant heterogeneity in published methods for modeling hypoxic conditions, which are often lacking in physiological relevance. This is particularly important for studying key transcriptional mediators of the hypoxic and inflammatory responses such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and NF-κB. The relationship between HIF, the molecular clock, and circadian rhythm may also contribute to cancer risk in OSA. Building accurate in vitro models of intermittent hypoxia reflective of OSA is challenging but necessary to better elucidate underlying molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Hunyor
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney School of Medicine , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kristina M Cook
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney School of Medicine , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
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26
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Kyotani Y, Itaya-Hironaka A, Yamauchi A, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Makino M, Takasawa S, Yoshizumi M. Intermittent hypoxia-induced epiregulin expression by IL-6 production in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:868-876. [PMID: 29744301 PMCID: PMC5929938 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive episodes of desaturation and resaturation of blood oxygen (known as intermittent hypoxia or IH), during sleep. We showed previously that IH induced excessive proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells through upregulation of members of the epidermal growth factor family, especially epiregulin (EREG), and the erbB2 receptor. In this study, we exposed human coronary artery smooth muscle cells to IH and found that IH significantly increased the expression of EREG. IH increased the production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in smooth muscle cells, and the addition of IL‐6 induced EREG expression. Small interfering RNA for IL‐6 or IL‐6 receptor attenuated the IH‐induced increase in EREG. IL‐6 may play a pivotal role in EREG upregulation by IH and consequently OSA‐related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | | | - Mai Makino
- Department of Biochemistry Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
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27
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Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Roles of Rabdosia inflexa through Downregulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020584. [PMID: 29462911 PMCID: PMC5855806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric ulcer is a vital health hazard for a human. Rabdosia inflexa (RI) has been used in traditional medicine for inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of RI using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 246.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in mice. We applied 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), histopathology, malondialdehyde (MDA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot analyses to evaluate the protective role of RI. Study revealed that RI effectively attenuated LPS-promoted NO and ROS production in RAW 246.7 cells. In addition, RI mitigated gastric oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, elevating NO, and decreasing gastric inflammation. RI significantly halted elevated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric tissue. Likewise, RI markedly attenuated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation, COX-2 expression, phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B (IκBα) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Thus, experimental findings suggested that the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of RI might contribute to regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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28
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Cavaleri F. Presenting a New Standard Drug Model for Turmeric and Its Prized Extract, Curcumin. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:5023429. [PMID: 29568482 PMCID: PMC5820622 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5023429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various parts of the turmeric plant have been used as medicinal treatment for various conditions from ulcers and arthritis to cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. The rhizome's curcumin extract is the most studied active constituent, which exhibits an expansive polypharmacology with influence on many key inflammatory markers. Despite the expansive reports of curcucmin's therapeutic value, clinical reliability and research repeatability with curcumin treatment are still poor. The pharmacology must be better understood and reliably mapped if curcumin is to be accepted and used in modern medical applications. Although the polypharmacology of this extract has been considered, in mainstream medicine, to be a drawback, a perspective change reveals a comprehensive and even synergistic shaping of the NF-kB pathway, including transactivation. Much of the inconsistent research data and unreliable clinical outcomes may be due to a lack of standardization which also pervades research standard samples. The possibility of other well-known curcumin by-products contributing in the polypharmacology is also discussed. A new flowchart of crosstalk in transduction pathways that lead to shaping of nuclear NF-kB transactivation is generated and a new calibration or standardization protocol for the extract is proposed which could lead to more consistent data extraction and improved reliability in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaleri
- Biologic Pharmamedical Research, 688-2397 King George Blvd., White Rock, BC, Canada V4A7E9
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29
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Non-muscular myosin light chain kinase triggers intermittent hypoxia-induced interleukin-6 release, endothelial dysfunction and permeability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13664. [PMID: 29057883 PMCID: PMC5651916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) which alters endothelial function, induces inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular diseases. The non-muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) isoform contributes to endothelial cell-cell junction opening. Deletion of nmMLCK protects mice from death in septic shock models and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. The aim of the study was to analyze the implication of nmMLCK in IH-induced vascular inflammation. Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to 6 hours of IH in absence or presence of nmMLCK inhibitors, ML-7 (5 µM) or PIK (150 µM). IH increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, p65-NFκB activation and IL-6 secretion. While nmMLCK inhibition did not prevent IH-induced ROS production and p65-NFκB activation, it decreased NO production and partially prevented IL-6 secretion. IH-induced IL-6 secretion and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated vesicles re-organization were inhibited in presence of the inhibitor of protein secretion, brefeldin A, or ML-7. IH increased monocytes transendothelial migration that was partially prevented by ML-7. Finally, IH reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine of aortas from wild-type but not those taken from nmMLCK-deficient mice. These results suggest that nmMLCK participates to IH-induced endothelial dysfunction resulting from cytokines secretion and endothelial permeability.
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30
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Qian Y, Xu S, Yang X, Xiao Q. Purinergic receptor P2Y6 contributes to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced oxidative stress and cell death in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:253-264. [PMID: 28752899 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neural degeneration have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The P2Y6 purinergic receptor (P2Y6R) has been shown to participate in the activation of microglia and the production of pro-inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide to cause neuronal loss. However, the function of P2Y6R during oxidative stress in neurons is unclear. In the present study, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) treatment increased the level of UDP/P2Y6R on neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of P2Y6R or knockdown of P2Y6R using a siRNA exerted an increased protective effect by preventing MPP+ -induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression. UDP, an agonist of P2Y6R, enhanced the effects of MPP+ , which was also inhibited by apyrase or MRS2578. Additionally, P2Y6R knockdown also significantly reversed both the loss of cell viability and the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) and p38 (p-p38) caused by MPP+ stimulation. However, the inhibition of the ERK1/2 and p38 kinase signaling pathways had no effect on P2Y6R expression. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that P2Y6R expressed on neuronal SH-SY5Y cell is associated with the progression of oxidative stress and cell death induced by MPP+ , suggesting that P2Y6R may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qian
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shaoqing Xu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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31
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Weiszenstein M, Shimoda LA, Koc M, Seda O, Polak J. Inhibition of Lipolysis Ameliorates Diabetic Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:299-307. [PMID: 26978122 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0315oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes. Causal mechanisms mediating this association are not well defined; however, augmented lipolysis in adipose might be involved. Here, we investigated the effect of acipimox treatment (lipolysis inhibitor) on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH). C57BL6/J mice were exposed for 14 days to IH or control conditions. IH was created by decreasing the fraction of inspired oxygen from 20.9 to 6.5%, 60 times/h. Control exposure was air (fraction of inspired oxygen, 20.9%) delivered at an identical flow rate. Acipimox was provided in drinking water (0.5 g/ml) during exposures. After exposures, intraperitoneal insulin (0.5 IU/kg) and glucose (1 g/kg) tolerance tests were performed, and primary adipocytes were isolated for lipolysis experiments. IH elevated fasting glucose by 51% and worsened glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by 33 and 102%, respectively. In parallel, IH increased spontaneous lipolysis by 264%, and reduced epididymal fat mass by 15% and adipocyte size by 8%. Acipimox treatment prevented IH-induced lipolysis and increased epididymal fat mass and adipocyte size by 19 and 10%, respectively. Acipimox fully prevented IH-induced impairments in fasting glycemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. For all reported results, P less than 0.05 was considered significant. Augmented lipolysis contributes to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance observed in mice exposed to IH. Acipimox treatment ameliorated the metabolic consequences of IH and might represent a novel treatment option for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weiszenstein
- 1 Center for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine.,2 Center of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michal Koc
- 4 Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Ondrej Seda
- 5 Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Jan Polak
- 1 Center for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine.,2 Center of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,6 Second Internal Medicine Department, Vinohrady Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Kiernan EA, Smith SMC, Mitchell GS, Watters JJ. Mechanisms of microglial activation in models of inflammation and hypoxia: Implications for chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol 2017; 594:1563-77. [PMID: 26890698 DOI: 10.1113/jp271502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a hallmark of sleep apnoea, a condition associated with diverse clinical disorders. CIH and sleep apnoea are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species formation, peripheral and CNS inflammation, neuronal death and neurocognitive deficits. Few studies have examined the role of microglia, the resident CNS immune cells, in models of CIH. Thus, little is known concerning their direct contributions to neuropathology or the cellular mechanisms regulating their activities during or following pathological CIH. In this review, we identify gaps in knowledge regarding CIH-induced microglial activation, and propose mechanisms based on data from related models of hypoxia and/or hypoxia-reoxygenation. CIH may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells. Peripheral inflammation may indirectly activate microglia via entry of pro-inflammatory molecules into the CNS, and/or activation of vagal afferents that trigger CNS inflammation. CIH-induced release of damage-associated molecular patterns from injured CNS cells may also activate microglia via interactions with pattern recognition receptors expressed on microglia. For example, Toll-like receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinase/transcription factor pathways required for microglial inflammatory gene expression. Although epigenetic effects from CIH have not yet been studied in microglia, potential epigenetic mechanisms in microglial regulation are discussed, including microRNAs, histone modifications and DNA methylation. Epigenetic effects can occur during CIH, or long after it has ended. A better understanding of CIH effects on microglial activities may be important to reverse CIH-induced neuropathology in patients with sleep disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kiernan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stephanie M C Smith
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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33
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Nguyen DD, Kim G, Pae EK. Modulation of Muscle Fiber Compositions in Response to Hypoxia via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-1. Front Physiol 2016; 7:604. [PMID: 28018235 PMCID: PMC5156708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fiber-type changes in hypoxic conditions in accordance with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk)-1 and hypoxia inducible factor (Hif)-1α were investigated in rats. Hif-1α and its down-stream molecule Pdk-1 are well known for readily response to hypoxia. We questioned their roles in relation to changes in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition in skeletal muscles. We hypothesize that the level of Pdk-1 with respect to the level of Hif-1α determines MyHC composition of the muscle in rats in hypoxia. Young male rats were housed in a chamber maintained at 11.5% (for sustained hypoxia) or fluctuating between 11.5 and 20.8% (for intermittent hypoxia or IH) oxygen levels. Then, muscle tissues from the geniohyoid (GH), soleus, and anterior tibialis (TA) were obtained at the end of hypoxic conditionings. After both hypoxic conditionings, protein levels of Pdk-1 and Hif-1 increased in GH muscles. GH muscles in acute sustained hypoxia favor an anaerobic glycolytic pathway, resulting in an increase in glycolytic MyHC IIb protein-rich fibers while maintain original fatigue-resistant MyHC IIa protein in the fibers; thus, the numbers of IIa- and IIb MyHC co-expressing fibers increased. Exogenous Pdk-1 over-expression using plasmid vectors elevated not only the glycolytic MyHC IIb, but also IIx as well as IIa expressions in C2C12 myotubes in ambient air significantly. The increase of dual expression of IIa- and IIb MyHC proteins in fibers harvested from the geniohyoid muscle has a potential to improve endurance as shown in our fatigability tests. By increasing the Pdk-1/Hif-1 ratio, a mixed-type muscle could alter endurance within the innate characteristics of the muscle toward more fatigue resistant. We conclude that an increased Pdk-1 level in skeletal muscle helps maintain MyHC compositions to be a fatigue resistant mixed-type muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyuyoup Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eung-Kwon Pae
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Imamura T, Poulsen O, Haddad GG. Intermittent hypoxia induces murine macrophage foam cell formation by IKK-β-dependent NF-κB pathway activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:670-7. [PMID: 27471237 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00307.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH). Clinical studies have previously shown that OSA is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Atherogenicity in OSA patients has been assumed to be associated with the NF-κB pathways. Although foam cells are considered to be a hallmark of atherosclerosis, how IH as in OSA affects their development has not been fully understood. Therefore, we hypothesized that IH induces macrophage foam cell formation through NF-κB pathway activation. To test this hypothesis, peritoneal macrophages collected from myeloid-restricted IKK-β-deleted mice were incubated with native LDL and exposed to either IH or normoxia. After exposure, NF-κB pathway activity and intracellular cholesterol were measured. In control macrophages, IH significantly increased NF-κB pathway activity by 93% compared with normoxia (P < 0.05). However, such response to IH was diminished by IKK-β deletion (increased by +31% compared with normoxia; P = 0.64), suggesting that IKK-β is critical for IH-induced NF-κB pathway activation. Likewise, in control macrophages, total cholesterol was increased in IH compared with normoxia (65.7 ± 3.8 μg/mg cellular protein and 53.2 ± 1.2, respectively; P < 0.05). However, this IH-induced foam cell formation was disappeared when IKK-β was deleted (52.2 ± 1.2 μg/mg cellular protein for IH and 46.3 ± 1.7 for normoxia; P = 0.55). This IH-mediated effect still existed in macrophages without LDL receptor. Taken together, our findings show that IH activates the IKK-β-dependent NF-κB pathway and that this, in turn, induces foam cell formation in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California;
| | - Orit Poulsen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California; and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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35
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Roles and Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Atherosclerosis: Evidence and Prospective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8215082. [PMID: 27293515 PMCID: PMC4884866 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8215082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are regarded as consequences of its adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induced by OSAHS can result in vascular endothelial injury, thus promoting development of atherosclerosis (AS). Studies have shown that CIH is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of AS, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we review clinical and fundamental studies reported during the last 10 years on the occurrence and development of AS mediated by CIH, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, vascular endothelial injury, platelet activation, and neuroendocrine disorders. This review will offer current evidence and perspective to researchers for the development of effective intervention strategies for OSAHS-related cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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36
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Wu J, Sun X, Wu Q, Li H, Li L, Feng J, Zhang S, Xu L, Li K, Li X, Wang X, Chen H. Disrupted intestinal structure in a rat model of intermittent hypoxia. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4407-13. [PMID: 27035757 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and subsequent reoxygenation (ROX). The gastrointestinal system, which is particularly sensitive to tissue hypoxia and reduced perfusion, is likely to be affected by OSA. A rat model of IH was used to analyze oxidative stress-associated genes and tight junction proteins by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, altered morphology of the duodenal mucosa and elevated Chiu scores were observed in the IH‑exposed rats. In addition, IH exposure resulted in upregulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, NADPH oxidase 2 and p22phox, in the small intestine, and upregulation of transcription factors, including hypoxia‑inducible factor-1, nuclear factor‑κB and activator protein-1. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ)-related proteins, claudin-1 and claudin-4, were decreased in the IH‑exposed group, as compared with in the control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that OSA, which is characterized by IH and ROX, may lead to disruption of the duodenum. The mechanism underlying the effects of OSA on duodenal morphology may be associated with increased oxidative stress and activation of transcription factors, subsequently inducing intestinal TJ disruption and intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Subei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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Chen WL, Wang CC, Lin YJ, Wu CP, Hsieh CH. Cycling hypoxia induces chemoresistance through the activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated B-cell lymphoma extra-long pathway in glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2015; 13:389. [PMID: 26711814 PMCID: PMC4693410 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycling hypoxia is a well-recognized phenomenon within animal and human solid tumors. It contributes to the resistance to cytotoxic therapies through anti-apoptotic effects. However, the mechanism underlying cycling hypoxia-mediated anti-apoptosis remains unclear. METHODS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, B-cell lymphoma extra-long (Bcl-xL) expression, caspase activation, and apoptosis in in vitro hypoxic stress-treated glioblastoma cells or tumor hypoxic cells derived from human glioblastoma xenografts were determined by in vitro ROS analysis, reporter assay, western blotting analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, caspase-3 activity assay, and annexin V staining assay, respectively. Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, Bcl-xL knockdown, and specific inhibitors of HIF-1α and NF-κB were utilized to explore the mechanisms of cycling hypoxia-mediated resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) in vitro and in vivo and to identify potential therapeutic targets. RESULTS Bcl-xL expression and anti-apoptotic effects were upregulated under cycling hypoxia in glioblastoma cells concomitantly with decreased responses to TMZ through ROS-mediated HIF-1α and NF-κB activation. Tempol, YC-1 (HIF-1 inhibitor), and Bay 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) suppressed the cycling hypoxia-mediated Bcl-xL induction in vitro and in vivo. Bcl-xL knockdown and Tempol treatment inhibited cycling hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Moreover, Tempol treatment of intracerebral glioblastoma-bearing mice combined with TMZ chemotherapy synergistically suppressed tumor growth and increased survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Cycling hypoxia-induced Bcl-xL expression via ROS-mediated HIF-1α and NF-κB activation plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment-promoted anti-apoptosis and chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Thus, ROS blockage may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for tumor microenvironment-induced chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chen
- Aging Medicine Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Aging Medicine Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Polotsky VY, Bevans-Fonti S, Grigoryev DN, Punjabi NM. Intermittent Hypoxia Alters Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy Volunteers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144725. [PMID: 26657991 PMCID: PMC4684377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermittent hypoxia of obstructive sleep apnea is implicated in the development and progression of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, which have been attributed to systemic inflammation. Intermittent hypoxia leads to pro-inflammatory gene up-regulation in cell culture, but the effects of intermittent hypoxia on gene expression in humans have not been elucidated. A cross-over study was performed exposing eight healthy men to intermittent hypoxia or control conditions for five hours with peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation before and after exposures. Total RNA was isolated followed by gene microarrays and confirmatory real time reverse transcriptase PCR. Intermittent hypoxia led to greater than two fold up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory gene toll receptor 2 (TLR2), which was not increased in the control exposure. We hypothesize that up-regulation of TLR2 by intermittent hypoxia may lead to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shannon Bevans-Fonti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dmitry N. Grigoryev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naresh M. Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Chami HA, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Mitchell GF, Gottlieb DJ. The association between sleep-disordered breathing and aortic stiffness in a community cohort. Sleep Med 2015; 19:69-74. [PMID: 27198950 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Increased aortic stiffness is one possible linking mechanism. We evaluated the association between sleep-disordered breathing and aortic stiffness in a community-based sample. METHODS Our community-based cross-sectional observational study included 381 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (55% women, mean age 58.0 S.D. = 9.4 years, 51% ethnic minorities). Polysomnographically derived apnea-hypopnea index and CT90% (cumulative % sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation <90%) quantified sleep-disordered breathing severity. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, the gold-standard measure of aortic stiffness, was calculated using arterial applanation tonometry-derived waveforms and body surface measured transit distance. We assessed associations between sleep-disordered breathing and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity using multivariable regression. We adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, diabetes, alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein, lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive medication, smoking, hypertension, and prevalent cardiovascular disease. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with both apnea-hypopnea index (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.002-0.07, p= 0.04) and CT90% (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.005-0.1, p= 0.03). The adjusted mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was 9.43 (95% CI: 9.12-9.74), 9.76 (95% CI: 9.25-10.26), and 10.15 (95% CI: 9.37-10.92) m/s, respectively, in subjects with apnea-hypopnea index <5, 5-14.9, and ≥15 events/h. CONCLUSIONS In a community-based sample of middle aged and older men and women, sleep-disordered breathing was associated with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Chami
- Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Sections of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Sections of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang J, Ming H, Chen R, Ju JM, Peng WD, Zhang GX, Liu CF. CIH-induced neurocognitive impairments are associated with hippocampal Ca2+ overload, apoptosis, and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB that are mediated by overactivation of NMDARs. Brain Res 2015; 1625:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bouloukaki I, Mermigkis C, Kallergis EM, Moniaki V, Mauroudi E, Schiza SE. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiovascular disease: The influence of C-reactive protein. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:77-83. [PMID: 25992322 PMCID: PMC4436942 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common medical condition, associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of this association have not been completely understood and may be multifactorial in origin. A number of studies suggest that inflammatory processes have emerged critical in the pathogenesis of CVD in OSAS. A range of circulating inflammatory molecules has been identified and measured, with a view to assess inflammation and predict vascular damage risk, such as plasma cytokines, adhesion molecules, and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a relevant marker worthy of further study, because not only is elevated in patients with OSAS, but also is rapidly becoming a risk factor for cardiac disease. Furthermore, in selected OSAS patients, aggressive treatment of the disorder may lead to retarding or even improvement of CVD progression. However, still there is a debate on the true correlation between CRP and OSAS, as well as the clinical effect of any reduction after OSAS treatment. Further research is required to define those OSAS patients who will have a considerable reduction with treatment, as well as to understand the significance of the interaction between cardiovascular risk factor and CRP reduction in patients with OSAS.
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Knockdown of augmenter of liver regeneration in HK-2 cells inhibits inflammation response via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:453-62. [PMID: 25929436 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a growth factor that is ubiquitously expressed in multiple forms among eukaryotes. The present study focused on the role of endogenous ALR on the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced inflammatory response in human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS To determine the relationship between exogenous and endogenous ALR, exogenous ALR was administrated to HK-2 cells, and endogenous ALR protein and mRNA expression was examined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. In order to knockdown endogenous ALR expression, HK-2 cells were infected with lentiviral shRNA/ALR, after which cell viability was determined by the MTS cell viability assay. Cells were subjected to hypoxia for 6 h and reoxygenation for 12 h. Levels of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qPCR. Cells were harvested, and nuclear and phosphorylated protein extracts were prepared from the HK-2 cell lysates. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were analyzed by Western blotting. The translocation of NF-κB was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Exogenous ALR inhibited the expression of endogenous ALR. Lentiviral shRNA/ALR markedly downregulated endogenous ALR expression, whereas there were no changes in ALR expression in lentiviral shRNA/control HK-2 cells. The results of the MTS assay showed that silencing ALR expression did not influence cell viability. H/R led to increased production of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, knockdown of ALR attenuated the inflammatory response via inhibition of ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. The translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was also decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there is a negative feedback loop involving ALR in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of ALR exerts anti-inflammatory actions via suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Guo X, Shang J, Deng Y, Yuan X, Zhu D, Liu H. Alterations in left ventricular function during intermittent hypoxia: Possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:150-8. [PMID: 25936416 PMCID: PMC4494595 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea, characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoxia [intermittent hypoxia (IH)], has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins has important regulatory implications on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we examined the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac architecture and left ventricular function following IH. Rats were randomly assigned to a normoxia and IH group (2 min 21% O2; 2 min 6–8% O2). Left ventricular function, myocardial morphology and the levels of signaling molecules were then measured. IH induced a significant increase in blood pressure, associated with a gradually abnormal myocardial architecture. The rats exposed to 2 or 3 weeks of IH presented with augmented left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, which declined at week 4. Consistently, the O-GlcNAc protein and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels in the left ventricular tissues steadily increased following IH, reaching peak levels at week 3. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation levels were affected in an opposite manner. The phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) remained unaltered. In parallel, compared with exposure to normoxia, 4 weeks of IH augmented the O-GlcNAc protein, OGT, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK levels, accompanied by a decrease in OGA levels and an increase in the levels of myocardial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our suggest a possible involvement of O-GlcNAc protein and MAPK signaling in the alterations of left ventricular function and cardiac injury following IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Health, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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Lavie L. Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia – Revisited – The bad ugly and good: Implications to the heart and brain. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 20:27-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The link between vitamin D metabolism and sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Taylor CT, Kent BD, Crinion SJ, McNicholas WT, Ryan S. Human adipocytes are highly sensitive to intermittent hypoxia induced NF-kappaB activity and subsequent inflammatory gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:660-5. [PMID: 24755071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced activation of pro-inflammatory pathways is a major contributing factor to the cardiovascular pathophysiology associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity is commonly associated with OSA although it remains unknown whether adipose tissue is a major source of inflammatory mediators in response to IH. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IH leads to augmented inflammatory responses in human adipocytes when compared to cells of non-adipocyte lineages. METHODS AND RESULTS Human primary subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes, human primary microvascular pulmonary endothelial cells (HUMEC-L) and human primary small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were exposed to 0, 6 or 12 cycles of IH or stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. IH led to a robust increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity in adipocytes compared with normoxic controls regardless of whether the source of adipocytes was visceral or subcutaneous. Notably, the NF-κB response of adipocytes to both IH and TNF-α was significantly greater than that in HUMEC-L and SAEC. Western blotting confirmed enhanced nuclear translocation of p65 in adipocytes in response to IH, accompanied by phosphorylation of I-κB. Parallel to p65 activation, we observed a significant increase in secretion of the adipokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and TNF-α with IH in adipocytes accompanied by significant upregulation of mRNA expression. PCR-array suggested profound influence of IH on pro-inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes. CONCLUSION Human adipocytes demonstrate strong sensitivity to inflammatory gene expression in response to acute IH and hence, adipose tissue may be a key source of inflammatory mediators in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian D Kent
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland; Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie J Crinion
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland; Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter T McNicholas
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland; Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silke Ryan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland; Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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LI DONGLIANG, WANG CHUNLING, LI NING, ZHANG LI. Propofol selectively inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity by suppressing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells during intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1460-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lavie L. Intermittent hypoxia: the culprit of oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and dyslipidemia in obstructive sleep apnea. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 2:75-84. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Stokes SE, Winn LM. NF-κB Signaling Is Increased in HD3 Cells Following Exposure to 1,4-Benzoquinone: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and p38-MAPK a. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:303-10. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kyotani Y, Ota H, Itaya-Hironaka A, Yamauchi A, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Zhao J, Ozawa K, Nagayama K, Ito S, Takasawa S, Kimura H, Uno M, Yoshizumi M. Intermittent hypoxia induces the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cell with the increases in epidermal growth factor family and erbB2 receptor. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3042-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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