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Spinelli S, Bruschi M, Passalacqua M, Guida L, Magnone M, Sturla L, Zocchi E. Estrogen-Related Receptor α: A Key Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Energy Metabolism at an Organismic Level and a Target of the ABA/LANCL Hormone Receptor System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4796. [PMID: 38732013 PMCID: PMC11084903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor ERRα is the most extensively researched member of the estrogen-related receptor family and holds a pivotal role in various functions associated with energy metabolism, especially in tissues characterized by high energy requirements, such as the heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, kidney, and brain. Abscisic acid (ABA), traditionally acknowledged as a plant stress hormone, is detected and actively functions in organisms beyond the land plant kingdom, encompassing cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, protozoan parasites, lower Metazoa, and mammals. Its ancient, cross-kingdom role enables ABA and its signaling pathway to regulate cell responses to environmental stimuli in various organisms, such as marine sponges, higher plants, and humans. Recent advancements in understanding the physiological function of ABA and its mammalian receptors in governing energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in myocytes, adipocytes, and neuronal cells suggest potential therapeutic applications for ABA in pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardio-/neuroprotection. The ABA/LANCL1-2 hormone/receptor system emerges as a novel regulator of ERRα expression levels and transcriptional activity, mediated through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. There exists a reciprocal feed-forward transcriptional relationship between the LANCL proteins and transcriptional coactivators ERRα/PGC-1α, which may be leveraged using natural or synthetic LANCL agonists to enhance mitochondrial function across various clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mirko Magnone
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
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Ahi EP, Verta JP, Kurko J, Ruokolainen A, Singh P, Debes PV, Erkinaro J, Primmer CR. Gene co-expression patterns in Atlantic salmon adipose tissue provide a molecular link among seasonal changes, energy balance and age at maturity. Mol Ecol 2024:e17313. [PMID: 38429895 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sexual maturation in many fishes requires a major physiological change that involves a rapid transition between energy storage and usage. In Atlantic salmon, this transition for the initiation of maturation is tightly controlled by seasonality and requires a high-energy status. Lipid metabolism is at the heart of this transition since lipids are the main energy storing molecules. The balance between lipogenesis (lipid accumulation) and lipolysis (lipid use) determines energy status transitions. A genomic region containing a transcription co-factor of the Hippo pathway, vgll3, is the main determinant of maturation timing in Atlantic salmon. Interestingly, vgll3 acts as an inhibitor of adipogenesis in mice and its genotypes are potentially associated with seasonal heterochrony in lipid storage and usage in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Here, we explored changes in expression of more than 300 genes directly involved in the processes of adipogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis, as well as the Hippo pathway in the adipose tissue of immature and mature Atlantic salmon with distinct vgll3 genotypes. We found molecular evidence consistent with a scenario in which immature males with different vgll3 genotypes exhibit contrasting seasonal dynamics in their lipid profiles. We also identified components of the Hippo signalling pathway as potential major drivers of vgll3 genotype-specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression. This study demonstrates the importance of adipose gene expression patterns for directly linking environmental changes with energy balance and age at maturity through genetic factors bridging lipid metabolism, seasonality and sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Verta
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Kurko
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Ruokolainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Paul Vincent Debes
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Sauoarkrokur, Iceland
| | | | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Di Florio D, Gorelov D, McCabe E, Beetler D, Shapiro K, Bruno K, Chekuri I, Jain A, Whelan E, Salomon G, Khatib S, Bonvie-Hill N, Giresi P, Balamurugan V, Weigel G, Fliess J, Darakjian A, Edenfield B, Kocsis C, McLeod C, Cooper L, Audet-Walsh E, Coronado M, Sin J, Fairweather D. Sex differences in mitochondrial gene expression during viral myocarditis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3716881. [PMID: 38196574 PMCID: PMC10775395 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3716881/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle most often caused by an immune response to viral infections. Sex differences in the immune response during myocarditis have been well described but upstream mechanisms in the heart that might influence sex differences in disease are not completely understood. Methods Male and female BALB/c wild type mice received an intraperitoneal injection of heart-passaged coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) or vehicle control. Bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing was conducted to better understand sex differences in CVB3 myocarditis. We performed enrichment analysis to understand sex differences in the transcriptional landscape of myocarditis and identify candidate transcription factors that might drive sex differences in myocarditis. Results The hearts of male and female mice with myocarditis were significantly enriched for pathways related to an innate and adaptive immune response compared to uninfected controls. When comparing females to males with myocarditis, males were enriched for inflammatory pathways and gene changes that suggested worse mitochondrial transcriptional support (e.g., mitochondrial electron transport genes). In contrast, females were enriched for pathways related to mitochondrial respiration and bioenergetics, which were confirmed by higher transcript levels of master regulators of mitochondrial function including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). TRANSFAC analysis identified ERRa as a transcription factor that may mediate sex differences in mitochondrial function during myocarditis. Conclusions Master regulators of mitochondrial function were elevated in females with myocarditis compared to males and may promote sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory transcript expression during viral myocarditis resulting in less severe myocarditis in females following viral infection.
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Li X, Zhang JD, Xiao H, He S, He TT, Ren XM, Yan BH, Luo L, Yin YL, Cao LY. Triclocarban and triclosan exacerbate high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation at environmental related levels: The potential roles of estrogen-related receptors pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160079. [PMID: 36372182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) have become ubiquitous pollutants detected in human body with concentrations up to hundreds of nanomolar levels. Previous studies about the hepatic lipid accumulation induced by TCS and TCC were focused on pollutant itself, which showed weak or no effects. High-fat diet (HFD), as a known environmental factor contributing to lipid metabolism-related disorders, its synergistic action with environmental pollutants deserves concern. The present study aimed to demonstrate the combined effects and potential molecular mechanisms of TCS and TCC with HFD at cellular and animal levels. The in vitro studies showed that TCC and TCS alone had negligible impact on lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells but induced lipid deposition at nanomolar levels when co-exposure with fatty acid. TCC exhibited much higher induction effects than TCS, which was related to their differential regulatory roles in adipogenic-related genes expression. The in vivo studies showed that TCC had little influence on hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed with normal diet (ND) but could exacerbate the lipid accumulation in mice fed with HFD. Meanwhile, TCC-induced dyslipidemia in mice fed with HFD was more significant than that fed with ND. Therefore, we speculated that TCC might increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis in HFD humans. Molecular mechanism studies showed that TCC and TCS could bind to and activate estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and ERRγ as well as regulate their expression. TCC had higher activity on ERRα and ERRγ than TCS, which explained partly the differential regulatory roles of two receptors in the lipid accumulation induced by TCC and TCS. This work revealed synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of TCC and TCS with excessive fatty acid on the hepatic lipid metabolism, which provided a novel insight into the toxic mechanism of pollutants from the perspective of dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jia-Da Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sen He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bing-Hua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Mao L, Wang L, Bennett S, Xu J, Zou J. Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on fat metabolism and cognitive impairment in women during menopause. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1043237. [PMID: 36545281 PMCID: PMC9760686 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1043237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is a common pathological manifestation of menopausal women, and is also an important risk factor for many diseases at this stage of life. Epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in menopausal women are closely associated with changes in body composition, central obesity, and cognitive decline. Exogenous FSH causes growth and proliferation of adipose, whereas blockage of the FSH signaling pathway leads to decline in adipose. Mechanistically, FSH, FSH receptor (FSHR), G protein coupling, gene mutation and other pathways are involved in adipogenesis and cognitive impairment. Here, we review the critical role and potential interactions of FSH in adipogenesis and cognitive impairment in menopausal women. Further understanding of the exact mechanisms of FSH aggravating obesity and cognitive impairment may provide a new perspective for promoting healthy aging in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Mao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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7
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Mao L, Peng L, Ren X, Chu Y, Nie T, Lin W, Libby A, Xu Y, Chang Y, Lei C, Loomes K, Wang N, Liu J, Levi M, Wu D, Hui X, Ding K. Discovery of JND003 as a New Selective Estrogen-Related Receptor α Agonist Alleviating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:282-296. [PMID: 35874496 PMCID: PMC9302452 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver diseases and is causally linked to hepatic insulin resistance and reduced fatty acid oxidation. Therapeutic treatments targeting both hepatic insulin resistance and lipid oxidative metabolism are considered as feasible strategies to alleviate this disease. Emerging evidence suggests Estrogen-Related Receptor alpha (ERRα), the first orphan nuclear receptor identified, as a master regulator in energy homeostasis by controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. Small molecules improving the functions of ERRα may provide a new option for management of NAFLD. In the present study, by using liver-specific Errα knockout mouse (Errα-LKO), we showed that liver-specific deletion of ERRα exacerbated diet-evoked fatty liver, hepatic and systemic insulin resistance in mice. A potent and selective ERRα agonist JND003 (7) was also discovered. In vitro and in vivo investigation demonstrated that the compound enhanced the transactivation of ERRα downstream target genes, which was accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity and fatty liver symptoms. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects were completely abolished in Errα-LKO mice, indicative of its on-target efficacy. Our study thus suggests that hepatic ERRα is a viable target for NAFLD and that ERRα agonist may serve as an intriguing pharmacological option for management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mao
- Scientific
Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nonglinxi Road 19, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Peng
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Chu
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New
Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New
Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wanhua Lin
- School
of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Andrew Libby
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Basic Science
353, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New
Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yu Chang
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chong Lei
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kerry Loomes
- School
of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Na Wang
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Basic Science
353, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, #190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New
Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of
Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 99077, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International
Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization
and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The First
Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Natural Products,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 210530, China
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Ranhotra HS. Estrogen-related receptor alpha in select host functions and cancer: new frontiers. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1349-1359. [PMID: 35138514 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is under the tight control of transcription factors, which includes the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). The endogenous ligand(s) acting as ERRα agonist has not been identified and confirmed. ERRα is a prominent member of the nuclear receptors super-family with major roles in energy metabolism, including immunity, cell growth, proliferation and differentiation and a host of other functions in animals. The actions exerted by ERRα towards gene expression regulation are often in association with other transcriptional factors, receptors and signal mediators. Metabolic regulation by ERRα is known for some time that has tremendous impact on host biology like autophagy, angiogenesis, mitochondrial activity, including lipid metabolism. Cellular metabolism and cancer has intricate relationship. On account of the participation of ERRα in metabolism, it has been implicated in various types of cancer onset and progression. In a number of findings, ERRα has been demonstrated to influence several types of cancers, exhibiting as a negative prognostic marker for many. Such diverse role associated with ERRα is due to its interaction with numerous transcriptional factors and other signalling pathways that culminate in providing optimal gene regulation. These observations points to the crucial regulatory roles of ERRα in health and disease. In this article, some of the new findings on the influence of ERRα in host metabolism and biology including cancer, shall be reviewed that will provide a concise understanding of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund's College, Shillong, 793 003, India.
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9
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Transplantation of Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Facilitates Periodontal Tissue Regeneration of Class II Furcation Defects in Miniature Pigs. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041311. [PMID: 35207844 PMCID: PMC8875781 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed mostly of adipocytes that are in contact with capillaries. By using a ceiling culture method based on buoyancy, lipid-free fibroblast-like cells, also known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, can be separated from mature adipocytes with a large single lipid droplet. DFAT cells can re-establish their active proliferation ability and transdifferentiate into various cell types under appropriate culture conditions. Herein, we sought to compare the regenerative potential of collagen matrix alone (control) with autologous DFAT cell-loaded collagen matrix transplantation in adult miniature pigs (microminipigs; MMPs). We established and transplanted DFAT cells into inflammation-inducing periodontal class II furcation defects. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, a marked attachment gain was observed based on the clinical parameters of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Additionally, micro computed tomography (CT) revealed hard tissue formation in furcation defects of the second premolar. The cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest distance was significantly shorter following transplantation. Moreover, newly formed cellular cementum, well-oriented periodontal ligament-like fibers, and alveolar bone formation were observed via histological analysis. No teratomas were found in the internal organs of recipient MMPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that DFAT cells can safely enhance periodontal tissue regeneration.
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10
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Chen CY, Li Y, Zeng N, He L, Zhang X, Tu T, Tang Q, Alba M, Mir S, Stiles EX, Hong H, Cadenas E, Stolz AA, Li G, Stiles BL. Inhibition of Estrogen-Related Receptor α Blocks Liver Steatosis and Steatohepatitis and Attenuates Triglyceride Biosynthesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1240-1254. [PMID: 33894178 PMCID: PMC8261472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of orphan nuclear receptors are transcriptional activators for genes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. The goal of this study was to explore the role of ERRα in lipid metabolism and the potential effect of inhibiting ERRα on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the current study, three experimental mouse models: high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, and a genetic model of hepatic insulin resistance where the liver hyperinsulinemia signal is mimicked via hepatic deletion of Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), the negative regulator of the insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, were used. A recently developed small-molecule inhibitor for ERRα was used to demonstrate that inhibiting ERRα blocked NAFLD development induced by either high-carbohydrate diet or high-fat diet feeding. ERRα inhibition also diminished lipid accumulation and attenuated NASH development in the Pten null mice. Glycerolipid synthesis was discovered as an additional mechanism for ERRα-regulated NAFLD/NASH development and glycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 was identified as a novel transcriptional target of ERRα. In summary, these results establish ERRα as a major transcriptional regulator of lipid biosynthesis in addition to its characterized primary function as a regulator for mitochondrial function. This study recognizes ERRα as a potential target for NAFLD/NASH treatment and elucidates novel signaling pathways regulated by ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Chen
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yang Li
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taojian Tu
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qi Tang
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mario Alba
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sabrina Mir
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eileen X Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Handan Hong
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew A Stolz
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Bangyan L Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Kobayashi M, Deguchi Y, Nozaki Y, Higami Y. Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116025. [PMID: 34199596 PMCID: PMC8199692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
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12
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Mukherjee TK, Malik P, Hoidal JR. The emerging role of estrogen related receptorα in complications of non-small cell lung cancers. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33664821 PMCID: PMC7882887 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are recognized as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a perilous (13–17%) 5-year survival in Europe and the USA. Although tobacco smoking has consistently emerged as the leading cause of NSCLC complications, its consequences are distinctly manifest with respect to sex bias, due to differential gene and sex hormone expression. Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), a member of the nuclear orphan receptor superfamily is normally expressed in the lungs, and activates various nuclear genes without binding to the ligands, such as estrogens. In NSCLC ERRα expression is significantly higher compared with healthy individuals. It is well established ERα and ERβ‚ have 93% and 60% identity in the DNA and ligand binding domains, respectively. ERα and ERRα have 69% (70% with ERRα-1) and 34% (35% with ERRα-1) identity, respectively; ERRα and ERRβ‚ have 92 and 61% identity, respectively. However, whether there is distinctive ERRα interaction with mammalian estrogens or concurrent involvement in non-ER signalling pathway activation is not known. Relevant to NSCLC, ERRα promotes proliferation, invasion and migration by silencing the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, and accelerates G2-M transition during cell division. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of Slug (an EMT associated transcription factor) are the prominent mechanisms by which ERRα activates NSCLC metastasis. Based on these observations, the present article focuses on the feasibility of antiERRα therapy alone and in combination with antiER as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Mukherjee
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - John R Hoidal
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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13
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Repression of the transcriptional activity of ERRα with sequence-specific DNA-binding polyamides. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:607-616. [PMID: 34552311 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) bind to the estrogen-related receptor response element (ERRE) to regulate transcriptional programs in cellular metabolism and cancer cell growth. In this study, we evaluated the potential for a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide to block ERRα binding to ERREs to inhibit gene expression. We demonstrated that the ERRE-targeted polyamide 1 blocked the binding of ERRα to the consensus ERRE and reduced the transcriptional activity of ERRα in cell culture. We further showed that inhibiting ERRα transcriptional activity with polyamide 1 led to reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption, a primary biological effect regulated by ERRα. Finally, our data demonstrated that polyamide 1 is an inhibitor for cancer cell growth.
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14
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Tripathi M, Yen PM, Singh BK. Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha: An Under-Appreciated Potential Target for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1645. [PMID: 32121253 PMCID: PMC7084735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that significantly influences cellular metabolism. ESRRA is predominantly expressed in metabolically-active tissues and regulates the transcription of metabolic genes, including those involved in mitochondrial turnover and autophagy. Although ESRRA activity is well-characterized in several types of cancer, recent reports suggest that it also has an important role in metabolic diseases. This minireview focuses on the regulation of cellular metabolism and function by ESRRA and its potential as a target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (M.T.); (P.M.Y.)
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15
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Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Xia H, Dufour CR, Giguère V. ERRα as a Bridge Between Transcription and Function: Role in Liver Metabolism and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:206. [PMID: 31024446 PMCID: PMC6459935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As transcriptional factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) function as major regulators of gene expression. In particular, dysregulation of NR activity has been shown to significantly alter metabolic homeostasis in various contexts leading to metabolic disorders and cancers. The orphan estrogen-related receptor (ERR) subfamily of NRs, comprised of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, for which a natural ligand has yet to be identified, are known as central regulators of energy metabolism. If AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) can be viewed as sensors of the metabolic needs of a cell and responding acutely via post-translational control of proteins, then the ERRs can be regarded as downstream effectors of metabolism via transcriptional regulation of genes for a long-term and sustained adaptive response. In this review, we will focus on recent findings centered on the transcriptional roles played by ERRα in hepatocytes. Modulation of ERRα activity in both in vitro and in vivo models via genetic or pharmacological manipulation coupled with chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip and ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) studies have been fundamental in delineating the direct roles of ERRα in the control of hepatic gene expression. These studies have identified crucial roles for ERRα in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in mitochondrial function under both physiological and pathological conditions. The regulation of ERRα expression and activity via ligand-independent modes of action including coregulator binding, post-translational modifications (PTMs) and control of protein stability will be discussed in the context that may serve as valuable tools to modulate ERRα function as new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of hepatic metabolic dysfunction and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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17
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Chappell VA, Janesick A, Blumberg B, Fenton SE. Tetrabromobisphenol-A Promotes Early Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 166:332-344. [PMID: 30496566 PMCID: PMC6260163 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most common flame retardant used in electrical housings, circuit boards, and automobiles. High-throughput screening and binding assays have identified TBBPA as an agonist for human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis. TBBPA has been suggested to be an obesogen based on in vitro cellular assays and zebrafish data. We hypothesized that exposing preadipocytes to TBBPA could influence adipogenesis via genes other than those in the PPARγ pathway due to its structural similarity to bisphenol A, which demonstrates varied endocrine disrupting activities. Mouse-derived 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate and continually treated with TBBPA for 8 days. High-content imaging of adipocytes displayed increased adipocyte number and lipid accumulation when treated with TBBPA. TBBPA exhibited weak induction of mPPARγ, with an AC50 of 397 µM. Quantitative PCR revealed that TBBPA exposure increased early expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling and PPARγ transcriptional activation, as well as upregulating downstream genes needed for adipocyte maintenance and nontraditional ER signaling, such as Gpr30. Additionally, Pref1 and Thy1, inhibitors of differentiation, were downregulated by some concentrations of TBBPA. Furthermore, proliferating preadipocytes treated with TBBPA, only prior to differentiation, exhibited increased adipocyte number and lipid accumulation after 8 days in normal culture conditions. In conclusion, TBBPA influenced gene expression changes in GR, nontraditional ER, and known adipogenic regulatory genes, prior to PPARγ expression; effects suggesting early programming of adipogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna A Chappell
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Amanda Janesick
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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18
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Davis JE, Hastings D. Transcriptional Regulation of TCF/LEF and PPARγ by Daidzein and Genistein in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2018; 21:761-768. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E. Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Darcie Hastings
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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19
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Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8354640. [PMID: 28757880 PMCID: PMC5516750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8354640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues hold great promise in bone tissue engineering since they are available in large quantities as a waste material. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a specialized adipose tissue that is easy to harvest and contains a rich blood supply, and its harvesting causes low complications for patients. This review focuses on the characteristics and osteogenic capability of stem cells derived from BFP as a valuable cell source for bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was performed on all in vitro and in vivo studies that used stem cells from BFP for the purpose of bone tissue engineering from 2010 until 2016. This review was organized according to the PRISMA statement. Adipose-derived stem cells derived from BFP (BFPSCs) were compared with adipose tissues from other parts of the body (AdSCs). Moreover, the osteogenic capability of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) derived from BFP (BFP-DFAT) has been reported in comparison with BFPSCs. BFP is an easily accessible source of stem cells that can be obtained via the oral cavity without injury to the external body surface. Comparing BFPSCs with AdSCs indicated similar cell yield, morphology, and multilineage differentiation. However, BFPSCs proliferate faster and are more prone to producing colonies than AdSCs.
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20
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:635-674. [PMID: 28333384 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Krüppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPARγ activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:635-674, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hardy Hang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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21
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Civelek M, Wu Y, Pan C, Raulerson CK, Ko A, He A, Tilford C, Saleem NK, Stančáková A, Scott LJ, Fuchsberger C, Stringham HM, Jackson AU, Narisu N, Chines PS, Small KS, Kuusisto J, Parks BW, Pajukanta P, Kirchgessner T, Collins FS, Gargalovic PS, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Mohlke KL, Lusis AJ. Genetic Regulation of Adipose Gene Expression and Cardio-Metabolic Traits. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:428-443. [PMID: 28257690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue stores excess lipids and maintains energy balance. We performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses by using abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 770 extensively phenotyped participants of the METSIM study. We identified cis-eQTLs for 12,400 genes at a 1% false-discovery rate. Among an approximately 680 known genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci for cardio-metabolic traits, we identified 140 coincident cis-eQTLs at 109 GWAS loci, including 93 eQTLs not previously described. At 49 of these 140 eQTLs, gene expression was nominally associated (p < 0.05) with levels of the GWAS trait. The size of our dataset enabled identification of five loci associated (p < 5 × 10-8) with at least five genes located >5 Mb away. These trans-eQTL signals confirmed and extended the previously reported KLF14-mediated network to 55 target genes, validated the CIITA regulation of class II MHC genes, and identified ZNF800 as a candidate master regulator. Finally, we observed similar expression-clinical trait correlations of genes associated with GWAS loci in both humans and a panel of genetically diverse mice. These results provide candidate genes for further investigation of their potential roles in adipose biology and in regulating cardio-metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chelsea K Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aiqing He
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | | | - Niyas K Saleem
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter S Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Gantner ML, Hazen BC, Eury E, Brown EL, Kralli A. Complementary Roles of Estrogen-Related Receptors in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenic Function. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4770-4781. [PMID: 27763777 PMCID: PMC5133354 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis relies on a high abundance of mitochondria and the unique expression of the mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples substrate oxidation from ATP synthesis. Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes activates UCP1-mediated thermogenesis; it also induces the expression of Ucp1 and other genes important for thermogenesis, thereby endowing adipocytes with higher oxidative and uncoupling capacities. Adipocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity are controlled by multiple transcription factors, including the estrogen-related receptor (ERR)α. Whole-body ERRα knockout mice show decreased BAT mitochondrial content and oxidative function but normal induction of Ucp1 in response to cold. In addition to ERRα, brown adipocytes express ERRβ and ERRγ, 2 nuclear receptors that are highly similar to ERRα and whose function in adipocytes is largely unknown. To gain insights into the roles of all 3 ERRs, we assessed mitochondrial function and adrenergic responses in primary brown adipocytes lacking combinations of ERRs. We show that adipocytes lacking just ERRα, the most abundant ERR, show only mild mitochondrial defects. Adipocytes lacking ERRβ and ERRγ also show just mild defects. In contrast, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have severe reductions in mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Moreover, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have defects in the transcriptional and metabolic response to adrenergic stimulation, suggesting a wider role of ERRs in BAT function than previously appreciated. Our study shows that ERRs have a great capacity to compensate for each other in protecting mitochondrial function and the metabolic response to adrenergic signaling, processes vital to BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin L Gantner
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bethany C Hazen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elodie Eury
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Erin L Brown
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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23
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Zhang L, Wong J, Vanacker JM. The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs): potential targets against bone loss. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3781-7. [PMID: 27514376 PMCID: PMC11108346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss and the resulting skeletal fragility is induced by several pathological or natural conditions, the most prominent of which being aging as well as the decreased levels of circulating estrogens in post-menopause females. To date, most treatments against bone loss aim at preventing excess bone resorption. We here summarize data indicating that the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) α and γ prevent bone formation. Inhibiting these receptors may thus constitute an anabolic approach by increasing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Carnesecchi J, Vanacker JM. Estrogen-Related Receptors and the control of bone cell fate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:37-43. [PMID: 26206717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is naturally occurring in aging males and females and exacerbated in the latter after menopause, altogether leading to cumulative skeleton fragility and increased fracture risk. Two types of therapeutic strategies can be envisioned to counteract age- or menopause-associated bone loss, aiming at either reducing bone resorption exerted by osteoclasts or, alternatively, promoting bone formation by osteoblasts. We here summarize data suggesting that inhibition of the Estrogen-Related Receptors α and/or γ could promote bone formation and compensate for bone loss induced by ageing or estrogen-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Ahmed S, Atlas E. Bisphenol S- and bisphenol A-induced adipogenesis of murine preadipocytes occurs through direct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1566-1573. [PMID: 27273607 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The use of bisphenol A (BPA) in consumer products and food packaging has been associated under certain conditions with a risk of negative health outcomes. This prompted its removal from many products and replacement with structural analogs. Bisphenol S (BPS) is one such analog, but its metabolic effects have not been fully characterized. The objective of our study was to determine whether BPS functions similarly to BPA at inducing adipogenesis. METHODS Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to evaluate and compare the adipogenic potential of BPS to BPA. Cells were treated with 0.01-50 μM BPS or 0.01-50 μM BPA and adipogenic effects were measured. Further, their ability to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an adipogenic transcription factor, was also determined. RESULTS Our results indicate that treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with BPS induced lipid accumulation and increased mRNA and protein expression of key adipogenic markers (1-50 μM; P<0.05). BPS treatment resulted in a higher expression of adipogenic markers as well as greater lipid accumulation when compared with BPA treatment. We showed that BPS can upregulate lipoprotein lipase, adipocyte protein 2, PPARγ, perilipin, adipsin and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, using transcriptional assays, we showed that BPS and BPA can modestly activate PPARγ using a PPRE (PPARγ response element)-dependent luciferase construct by 1.5-fold (P<0.05). However, BPS but not BPA was able to competitively inhibit rosiglitazone (ROSI)-activated PPARγ, suggesting that BPS interacts with PPARγ distinctly from BPA. Co-treatment of cells with the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibits BPS-, BPA-, ROSI- but not dexamethasone-dependent adipogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Both BPA and BPS can enhance 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and require PPARγ to induce adipogenesis. Through direct comparison, we show that BPS is a more potent adipogen than BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Boucher JG, Boudreau A, Ahmed S, Atlas E. In Vitro Effects of Bisphenol A β-D-Glucuronide (BPA-G) on Adipogenesis in Human and Murine Preadipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:1287-93. [PMID: 26018136 PMCID: PMC4671229 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to common environmental substances, such as bisphenol A (BPA), has been associated with a number of negative health outcomes. In vivo, BPA is rapidly converted to its predominant metabolite, BPA-glucuronide (BPA-G), which has long been believed to be biologically inactive because it lacks estrogenic activity. However, the effects of BPA-G on cellular metabolism have not been characterized. In the present study we examined the effect of BPA-G on adipogenesis. METHODS The effect of BPA-G on the differentiation of human and 3T3L1 murine preadipocytes was evaluated in vitro by quantifying lipid accumulation and the expression of adipogenic markers. RESULTS Treatment of 3T3L1 preadipocytes with 10 μM BPA-G induced a significant increase in lipid accumulation, mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and protein levels of LPL, aP2, and adipsin. Treatment of primary human preadipocytes with BPA-G also induced adipogenesis as determined by aP2 levels. Co-treatment of cells with the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant (ICI) significantly inhibited the BPA-G-induced increase in LPL and aP2 levels, whereas treatment with ICI alone had no effect. Moreover, BPA-G did not display any significant estrogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that BPA-G induces adipocyte differentiation and is not simply an inactive metabolite. The fact that BPA-G induced adipogenesis and was inhibited by an ER antagonist yet showed no estrogenic activity suggests that it has no classical ER transcriptional activation function and acts through a pathway that remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Boucher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kaku M, Akiba Y, Akiyama K, Akita D, Nishimura M. Cell-based bone regeneration for alveolar ridge augmentation--cell source, endogenous cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function. J Prosthodont Res 2015; 59:96-112. [PMID: 25749435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar ridge plays a pivotal role in supporting dental prosthesis particularly in edentulous and semi-dentulous patients. However the alveolar ridge undergoes atrophic change after tooth loss. The vertical and horizontal volume of the alveolar ridge restricts the design of dental prosthesis; thus, maintaining sufficient alveolar ridge volume is vital for successful oral rehabilitation. Recent progress in regenerative approaches has conferred marked benefits in prosthetic dentistry, enabling regeneration of the atrophic alveolar ridge. In order to achieve successful alveolar ridge augmentation, sufficient numbers of osteogenic cells are necessary; therefore, autologous osteoprogenitor cells are isolated, expanded in vitro, and transplanted to the specific anatomical site where the bone is required. Recent studies have gradually elucidated that transplanted osteoprogenitor cells are not only a source of bone forming osteoblasts, they appear to play multiple roles, such as recruitment of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells and immunomodulatory function, at the forefront of bone regeneration. This review focuses on the current consensus of cell-based bone augmentation therapies with emphasis on cell sources, transplanted cell survival, endogenous stem cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function of transplanted osteoprogenitor cells. Furthermore, if we were able to control the mobilization of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells, large-scale surgery may no longer be necessary. Such treatment strategy may open a new era of safer and more effective alveolar ridge augmentation treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Akiba
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akita
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Song N, Kou L, Lu XW, Sugawara A, Shimizu Y, Wu MK, Du L, Wang H, Sato S, Shen JF. The perivascular phenotype and behaviors of dedifferentiated cells derived from human mature adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:479-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Misawa A, Inoue S. Estrogen-Related Receptors in Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 26074877 PMCID: PMC4443769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-signaling pathways are implicated in the development of breast cancer and prostate cancer. Various studies have focused on additional signaling pathways, mediated by estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). ERRs are constitutively active receptors that share a high degree of homology with the classical estrogen receptors (ERs). However, they do not bind to estrogen, while ERs do. ERRs are involved in the development of alternative pathways that lead to the development of cancer and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer and prostate cancer that do not respond to conventional therapies. In this review, we first present general structural features of ERRs. Then, we focus on breast cancer and prostate cancer, which are primarily hormone-dependent cancers, and summarizes recent progress in elucidating the involvement of each ERR in these two types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Misawa
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoshi Inoue, Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan,
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Audet-walsh É, Giguére V. The multiple universes of estrogen-related receptor α and γ in metabolic control and related diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:51-61. [PMID: 25500872 PMCID: PMC4571319 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) as the first orphan nuclear receptors ignited a new era in molecular endocrinology, which led to the discovery of new ligand-dependent response systems. Although ERR subfamily members have yet to be associated with a natural ligand, the characterization of these orphan receptors has demonstrated that they occupy a strategic node in the transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolism. In particular, ERRs are required for the response to various environmental challenges that require high energy levels by the organism. As central regulators of energy homeostasis, ERRs may also be implicated in the etiology of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here, we review the recent evidence that further highlights the role of ERRs in metabolic control, particularly in liver and skeletal muscle, and their likely involvement in metabolic diseases. Consequently, we also explore the promises and pitfalls of ERRs as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Audet-walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguére
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Morizane M, Kawasaki Y, Miura T, Yagi K, Esumi S, Kitamura Y, Sendo T. Photoinitiator-Initiated Estrogenic Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:1450-1460. [PMID: 26692070 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1094431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A recent in vitro study reported that the photoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC). However, it is not clear whether other photoinitiators such as 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (1-HCHPK) and 2-methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone (MTMP) produce endocrine-disrupting effects. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the association between estrogenic activity and exposure to photoinitiators. For estimation of the proliferative effect of the photoinitiators, the E-screen assay was used. Six photoinitiators, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (2,2-DMPAP), 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (2-EHDAB), 1-HCHPK, 2-ITX, methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (MBB), and MTMP, significantly increased number of MCF-7 cells, an estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line. In addition, pretreatment with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists such as clomiphene, tamoxifen, or fulvestrant, significantly reversed the proliferative effect of each photoinitiator. Data demonstrated that the six photoinitiators produced endocrine-disrupting effects and that these photoinitiators interacted with ER as agonists. Evidence indicates that the six photoinitiators demonstrated estrogenic activity via ER as agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Morizane
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoichi Kawasaki
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Taro Miura
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Kenta Yagi
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Satoru Esumi
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- a Department of Pharmacy , Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
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Boucher JG, Husain M, Rowan-Carroll A, Williams A, Yauk CL, Atlas E. Identification of mechanisms of action of bisphenol a-induced human preadipocyte differentiation by transcriptional profiling. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2333-43. [PMID: 25047013 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to the endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is correlated with obesity and adipogenesis of human preadipocytes. However, the mechanism of action of BPA-induced human adipogenesis remains to be determined. METHODS Primary human preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of 50 µM BPA or 1 µM dexamethasone (DEX) for 48 hours. Potential mechanisms of BPA-induced adipogenesis were evaluated using gene expression microarray analysis. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed 373 differentially expressed genes following BPA treatment, including upregulation of sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), a key regulator of lipid metabolism. For DEX-treated preadipocytes, 2167 genes were differentially expressed, including upregulation of the adipogenic marker lipoprotein lipase. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify functional annotations of the gene expression changes associated with response to BPA and DEX. BPA exposure was associated with expression changes in the genes involved in triacylglycerol accumulation while DEX was linked to triacylglycerol and fatty acid metabolism. The analysis also revealed enrichment of genes following BPA exposure in the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that potential mechanisms of action of BPA-induced adipogenesis involve SREBF1, the TR/RXR, and the mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Boucher
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Ji HL, Song CC, Li YF, He JJ, Li YL, Zheng XL, Yang GS. miR-125a inhibits porcine preadipocytes differentiation by targeting ERRα. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:155-65. [PMID: 24952481 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a family of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor which plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation. Our previous Solexa sequencing results indicated a high expression of miR-125a in adult pig backfat. In this study, we predicated and experimentally validated ERRα as a target of miR-125a. To explore the role of miR-125a in porcine preadipocytes differentiation, miRNA agomir and antagomir were used to perform miR-125a overexpression or knockdown, respectively. Our results showed that overexpression of miR-125a could dramatically reduce the mRNA expression of adipogenic markers PPARγ, LPL, and aP2, as well as its target gene ERRα. Western blotting showed the protein level of aP2 and ERRα was also significantly down-regulated. The overexpression of miR-125a also led to a notable reduction in lipid accumulation which was detected by Oil Red O staining. In contrast, we observed promoted differentiation of porcine preadipocytes upon miR-125a inhibition. In conclusion, we verified miR-125a inhibits porcine preadipocytes differentiation through targeting ERRα for the first time, which may provide new insights in pork quality improvement and obesity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China,
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Is bisphenol S a safe substitute for bisphenol A in terms of metabolic function? An in vitro study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:224-35. [PMID: 25111128 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to induce adverse effects on human health, especially through the activation of endocrine pathways, it is about to be withdrawn from the European market and replaced by analogues such as bisphenol S (BPS). However, toxicological data on BPS is scarce, and so it is necessary to evaluate the possible effects of this compound on human health. We compared the effect of BPA and BPS on obesity and hepatic steatosis processes using low doses in the same range as those found in the environment. Two in vitro models were used, the adipose cell line 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells, representative of hepatic functions. We analyzed different parameters such as lipid and glucose uptakes, lipolysis, leptin production and the modulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and energy balance. BPA and BPS induced an increase in the lipid content in the 3T3-L1 cell line and more moderately in the hepatic cells. We also observed a decrease in lipolysis after bisphenol treatment of adipocytes, but only BPS was involved in the increase in glucose uptake and leptin production. These latter effects could be linked to the modulation of SREBP-1c, PPARγ, aP2 and ERRα and γ genes after exposure to BPA, whereas BPS seems to target the PGC1α and the ERRγ genes. The findings suggest that both BPA and BPS could be involved in obesity and steatosis processes, but through two different metabolic pathways.
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Kou L, Lu XW, Wu MK, Wang H, Zhang YJ, Sato S, Shen JF. The phenotype and tissue-specific nature of multipotent cells derived from human mature adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:543-8. [PMID: 24486314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells derived from mature adipocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous group of multipotent cells, which present to be an alternative source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, many aspects of the cellular nature about DFAT cells remained unclarified. This study aimed to elucidate the basic characteristics of DFAT cells underlying their functions and differentiation potentials. By modified ceiling culture technique, DFAT cells were converted from human mature adipocytes from the human buccal fat pads. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that those derived cells were a homogeneous population of CD13(+) CD29(+) CD105(+) CD44(+) CD31(-) CD34(-) CD309(-) α-SMA(-) cells. DFAT cells in this study demonstrated tissue-specific differentiation properties with strong adipogenic but much weaker osteogenic capacity. Neither did they express endothelial markers under angiogenic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min-Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Soh Sato
- School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
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Boucher JG, Boudreau A, Atlas E. Bisphenol A induces differentiation of human preadipocytes in the absence of glucocorticoid and is inhibited by an estrogen-receptor antagonist. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e102. [PMID: 24418828 PMCID: PMC3904083 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a major health concern in the developed world, and increasing evidence suggests that exposures to common environmental substances may enhance the risk for the development of this disease. Objectives: The current study examines the effect of the ubiquitous plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) on the differentiation of primary human preadipocytes in vitro and the role of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. Methods: In this study, the mechanism of BPA-induced adipogenesis in preadipocytes from donors with healthy body mass index in the absence of exogenous glucocorticoid was evaluated. The effects of estradiol, the estrogen-receptor (ER) antagonist ICI and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 on BPA-induced adipogenesis were examined. The expression levels of key adipogenic factors were assessed. Results: Treatment of preadipocytes with 1–50 μM BPA induced a dose-dependent increase in differentiation and lipid accumulation as determined by lipid staining and triacylglyceride quantification. BPA also induced expression of the adipogenic markers aP2, adipsin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α and β. Co-treatment of cells with ICI inhibited the BPA-induced increase in aP2 levels, while treatment with ICI or estradiol alone had no effect. Treatment of cells with the GR antagonist RU486 had no effect on BPA-induced differentiation as evaluated by aP2 levels. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to show that BPA induces human adipocyte differentiation in the absence of exogenous glucocorticoid through a non-classical ER pathway rather than through GR activation. These studies add to the growing evidence that endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as BPA have the potential to modulate adipogenesis and impact human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Boucher
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Boudreau
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Atlas
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Bonnelye E, Aubin JE. An energetic orphan in an endocrine tissue: a revised perspective of the function of estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha in bone and cartilage. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:225-33. [PMID: 23212690 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor with sequence homology to the estrogen receptors, ERα/β, but it does not bind estrogen. ERRα not only plays a functional role in osteoblasts but also in osteoclasts and chondrocytes. In addition, the ERRs, including ERRα, can be activated by coactivators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC1α and β) and are implicated in adipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative stress defense, suggesting that ERRα-through its activity in bone resorption and adipogenesis--may regulate the insulin and leptin pathways and contribute to aging-related changes in bone and cartilage. In this review, we discuss data on ERRα and its cellular and molecular modes of action, which have broad implications for considering the potential role of this orphan receptor in cartilage and bone endocrine function, on whole-organism physiology, and in the bone aging process.
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Gallet M, Saïdi S, Haÿ E, Photsavang J, Marty C, Sailland J, Carnesecchi J, Tribollet V, Barenton B, Forcet C, Birling MC, Sorg T, Chassande O, Cohen-Solal M, Vanacker JM. Repression of osteoblast maturation by ERRα accounts for bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54837. [PMID: 23359549 PMCID: PMC3554601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ERRα is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor family, the complete inactivation of which confers resistance to bone loss induced by ageing and estrogen withdrawal to female mice in correlation with increased bone formation in vivo. Furthermore ERRα negatively regulates the commitment of mesenchymal cells to the osteoblast lineage ex vivo as well as later steps of osteoblast maturation. We searched to determine whether the activities of ERRα on osteoblast maturation are responsible for one or both types of in vivo induced bone loss. To this end we have generated conditional knock out mice in which the receptor is normally present during early osteoblast differentiation but inactivated upon osteoblast maturation. Bone ageing in these animals was similar to that observed for control animals. In contrast conditional ERRαKO mice were completely resistant to bone loss induced by ovariectomy. We conclude that the late (maturation), but not early (commitment), negative effects of ERRα on the osteoblast lineage contribute to the reduced bone mineral density observed upon estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Gallet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Soraya Saïdi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Eric Haÿ
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Johann Photsavang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1026, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Sailland
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Violaine Tribollet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Barenton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tania Sorg
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1026, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U606, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Krzysik-Walker SM, González-Mariscal I, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Indig FE, Bernier M. The biarylpyrazole compound AM251 alters mitochondrial physiology via proteolytic degradation of ERRα. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:157-66. [PMID: 23066093 PMCID: PMC3533472 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.082651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) directs the transcription of nuclear genes involved in energy homeostasis control and the regulation of mitochondrial mass and function. A crucial role for controlling ERRα-mediated target gene expression has been ascribed to the biarylpyrazole compound 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251) through direct binding to and destabilization of ERRα protein. Here, we provide evidence that structurally related AM251 analogs also have negative impacts on ERRα protein levels in a cell-type-dependent manner while having no deleterious actions on ERRγ. We show that these off-target cellular effects of AM251 are mediated by proteasomal degradation of nuclear ERRα. Cell treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B did not prevent AM251-induced destabilization of ERRα protein, whereas proteasome inhibition with MG132 stabilized and maintained its DNA-binding function, indicative of ERRα being a target of nuclear proteasomal complexes. NativePAGE analysis revealed that ERRα formed a ∼220-kDa multiprotein nuclear complex that was devoid of ERRγ and the coregulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1. AM251 induced SUMO-2,3 incorporation in ERRα in conjunction with increased protein kinase C activity, whose activation by phorbol ester also promoted ERRα protein loss. Down-regulation of ERRα by AM251 or small interfering RNA led to increased mitochondria biogenesis while negatively impacting mitochondrial membrane potential. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which AM251 and related compounds alter mitochondrial physiology through destabilization of ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Lee HR, Jeung EB, Cho MH, Kim TH, Leung PCK, Choi KC. Molecular mechanism(s) of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their potent oestrogenicity in diverse cells and tissues that express oestrogen receptors. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 17:1-11. [PMID: 23279634 PMCID: PMC3823132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds present in the environment which can interfere with hormone synthesis and normal physiological functions of male and female reproductive organs. Most EDCs tend to bind to steroid hormone receptors including the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR). As EDCs disrupt the actions of endogenous hormones, they may induce abnormal reproduction, stimulation of cancer growth, dysfunction of neuronal and immune system. Although EDCs represent a significant public health concern, there are no standard methods to determine effect of EDCs on human beings. The mechanisms underlying adverse actions of EDC exposure are not clearly understood. In this review, we highlighted the toxicology of EDCs and its effect on human health, including reproductive development in males and females as shown in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, this review brings attention to the toxicity of EDCs via interaction of genomic and non-genomic signalling pathways through hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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Wan Z, Perry CGR, Macdonald T, Chan CB, Holloway GP, Wright DC. IL-6 is not necessary for the regulation of adipose tissue mitochondrial content. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51233. [PMID: 23240005 PMCID: PMC3519867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue mitochondria have been implicated as key mediators of systemic metabolism. We have shown that IL-6 activates AMPK, a mediator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in adipose tissue; however, IL-6(-/-) mice fed a high fat diet have been reported to develop insulin resistance. These findings suggest that IL-6 may control adipose tissue mitochondrial content in vivo, and that reductions in adipose tissue mitochondria may be causally linked to the development of insulin resistance in IL-6(-/-) mice fed a high fat diet. On the other hand, IL-6 has been implicated as a negative regulator of insulin action. Given these discrepancies the purpose of the present investigation was to further evaluate the relationship between IL-6, adipose tissue mitochondrial content and whole body insulin action. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In cultured epididymal mouse adipose tissue IL-6 (75 ng/ml) induced the expression of the transcriptional co-activators PGC-1α and PRC, reputed mediators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Similarly, IL-6 increased the expression of COXIV and CPT-1. These effects were absent in cultured subcutaneous adipose tissue and were associated with lower levels of GP130 and IL-6 receptor alpha protein content. Markers of mitochondrial content were intact in adipose tissue from chow fed IL-6(-/-) mice. When fed a high fat diet IL-6(-/-) mice were more glucose and insulin intolerant than controls fed the same diet; however this was not explained by decreases in adipose tissue mitochondrial content or respiration. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate depot-specific differences in the ability of IL-6 to induce PGC-1α and mitochondrial enzymes and demonstrate that IL-6 is not necessary for the maintenance of adipose tissue mitochondrial content in vivo. Moreover, reductions in adipose tissue mitochondria do not explain the greater insulin resistance in IL-6(-/-) mice fed a high fat diet. These results question the role of adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Bianco S, Sailland J, Vanacker JM. ERRs and cancers: effects on metabolism and on proliferation and migration capacities. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 130:180-5. [PMID: 21414406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ERRs are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily which, at least for ERRα and ERRγ display important roles in the control of various metabolic processes. On other hand, correlations have been found between the expression of ERRα and γ and diverse parameters of tumor progression in human cancers. Whereas it is tempting to speculate that ERR receptors act in tumors through the regulation of metabolism, recent data have suggested that they also may directly regulate tumor proliferation and progression independently of their effects on metabolism. The two aspects of tumoral functions of ERR receptors are the purpose of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bianco
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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Roforth MM, Liu G, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Examination of nuclear receptor expression in osteoblasts reveals Rorβ as an important regulator of osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:891-901. [PMID: 22189870 PMCID: PMC3667501 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A complex network of transcription factors contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the osteoblastic phenotype. Although relatively few transcription factors, such as Runx2 and osterix, are essential to the process of osteoblastic differentiation, others serve the purpose of fine-tuning in response to various environmental and hormonal cues. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors are involved in numerous aspects of bone biology. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of the entire NR superfamily in differentiating primary murine calvarial cells in order to identify novel NR regulatory patterns. Dynamic patterns of NR expression were observed throughout the differentiation process. Interestingly, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) expression was markedly suppressed at later stages of differentiation. To gain further insight into the function of NRs in bone biology, the NR superfamily was also profiled in mouse bone marrow precursor cells isolated from either young (6-month) or aging, osteoporotic (18-22-month) mice. Of interest, Rorβ was potently overexpressed in the aged cohort. Collectively, these data provided evidence that Rorβ expression is inversely correlated with osteogenic potential, suggesting Rorβ may be an important and unexplored regulator of osteogenesis. To validate this hypothesis, a cell model stably expressing Rorβ in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was produced (MC3T3-Rorβ). These cells displayed markedly suppressed bone nodule formation as well as reduced osteocalcin and osterix gene expression. Because these genes are Runx2 targets, we reasoned that Rorβ may interfere with Runx2 activity. Consistent with this, transient transfection analysis demonstrated that Rorβ inhibited Runx2-dependent activation of a Runx2-reporter construct. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive profile of NR expression during osteoblast differentiation and identify Rorβ as a novel regulator of osteogenesis and potentially of age-related bone loss through antagonism of Runx2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Roforth
- Endocrine Research Unit, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ju D, He J, Zhao L, Zheng X, Yang G. Estrogen related receptor α-induced adipogenesis is PGC-1β-dependent. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:3343-54. [PMID: 21732060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous report showed that Estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) knockout mice had a significant reduction in adipose tissue deposition. Although it was reported that ERRα could promote adipogenesis in several immortalized preadipocytes cell lines, the mechanism behind which is still unclear to date. Besides, the expression pattern of ERRα in white adipose tissue is rarely examined. Here, we show that the expression of ERRα in primary cultured adipocytes is closely associated with adipogenesis. Besides, we found that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) play an important role in regulating ERRα-induced adipogenesis. ERRα-induced adipogenesis was greatly attenuated when knocking down PGC-1β expression, while rescued by overexpression of PGC-1β. However, PGC-1β could still promote adipogenesis when suppressing ERRα expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ERRα could transcriptionally active PGC-1β expression and then enhance the formation of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)/PGC-1β complex and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)/PGC-1β complex. Taken together, these results indicate that ERRα-induced adipogenesis is triggered by modulating the expression of PGC-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ju
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, People's Republic of China
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Ranhotra HS. The estrogen-related receptors: orphans orchestrating myriad functions. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 32:47-56. [PMID: 22268851 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.647350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated and tight regulation of gene expression in metazoans is essential for cellular homeostasis and functions. Tissue- and cell-specific regulatory factors are indispensable and a wide variety of them exist to regulate genes. A family of transcriptional factors was identified in the past two decades through gene cloning studies and was informally referred as "orphan receptors", as appropriate endogenous ligands for such receptors were unknown. One of the subclasses of such receptors is known as the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), which include three isoforms, namely ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ. Over the past one decade, unprecedented knowledge about the ERRs biology has been generated, indicating their vital roles in various metabolic and physiological activities in animals. The ERRs cellular action is largely attributed to its interaction with a wide variety of other nuclear receptors, including some orphan nuclear receptors, and thereby can modulate diverse array of genes involved in metabolism and animal physiology. Studies using genome-wide location analyses, microarray and functional genomics, including ERR-specific null mice have revealed a number of pathways controlled by the ERRs. In this context, new and recent information on the biological functions of ERRs are being reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, Orphan Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, St. Edmund's College, Shillong, India.
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Bonnelye E, Reboul P, Duval N, Cardelli M, Aubin JE. Estrogen receptor-related receptor α regulation by interleukin-1β in prostaglandin E(2)- and cAMP-dependent pathways in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2011; 63:2374-84. [PMID: 21506092 DOI: 10.1002/art.30398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported previously that the orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα), is expressed in articular chondrocytes and is dysregulated in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine whether ERRα is also dysregulated in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS ERRα messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were quantified in normal and OA cartilage samples and in OA chondrocytes in vitro, with and without short-term treatment with a variety of OA-associated factors and signaling pathway agonists and inhibitors. RESULTS ERRα expression was lower in OA than in normal articular cartilage. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) markedly up-regulated ERRα expression in OA chondrocytes in vitro, and agonist or inhibitor treatment indicated that the up-regulation was dependent on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2; NS398), prostaglandin E(2), cAMP (8-bromo-cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA; KT5720). Treatment with the ERRα inverse agonist XCT790 decreased the expression of SOX9 and the up-regulation of ERRα by IL-1β, suggesting autoregulation of ERRα in the IL-1β pathway. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression was also decreased by treatment with XCT790 plus IL-1β versus IL-1β alone, and the down-regulation of MMP-13 mRNA and protein observed with XCT790 alone suggests that the up-regulation of MMP-13 by IL-1β is ERRα-dependent. CONCLUSION We report the first evidence that ERRα expression is regulated by IL-1β in COX-2-, cAMP-, and PKA-dependent pathways in OA chondrocytes. We confirmed that SOX9 is an ERRα target gene in human, as in rodent, chondrocytes and identified MMP-13 as a potential new target gene, which suggests that ERRα may both respond to the healing signal and contribute to extracellular degradation in OA cartilage.
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Ijichi N, Shigekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Fujimura T, Tsuda H, Osaki A, Saeki T, Inoue S. Estrogen-related receptor γ modulates cell proliferation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 123:1-7. [PMID: 20883782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is primarily a hormone-dependent tumor that can be regulated by status of steroid hormones including estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are orphan nuclear receptors most closely related to estrogen receptor (ER) and much attention has been recently paid to the functions of ERRs in breast cancer in terms of the interactions with ER. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ERRγ in human invasive breast cancers by immunohistochemical analysis (n=110) obtained by radical mastectomy. Nuclear immunoreactivity of ERRγ was detected in 87 cases (79%) and tended to correlate with the lymph node status. No significant associations were observed with other clinicopathological characteristics, including the expression levels of both estrogen and progesterone receptors. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that ERRγ mRNA was up-regulated dose-dependently by estrogen, and that this up-regulation of ERRγ mRNA by estrogen was abolished by ICI 182,780 treatment. We also demonstrated that exogenously transfected ERRγ increased MCF-7 cell proliferation. Furthermore, ERRγ enhanced estrogen response element (ERE)-driven transcription in MCF-7 cells. In 293T cells, ERRγ could also stimulate ERE-mediated transcription with or without ERα. These results suggest that ERRγ plays an important role as a modulator of estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ijichi
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Gallet M, Vanacker JM. ERR receptors as potential targets in osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:637-41. [PMID: 20674386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The bone fragility and increased fracture risk associated with osteoporosis in post-menopausal women is a major public health concern. Current treatments for osteoporosis relying on hormone replacement therapies are suspected to have an association with increased breast cancer risk, highlighting the need for identifying new potential targets in bone. Recent data suggest that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR)α, an orphan nuclear receptor, represses osteoblast differentiation, and that its deletion in knockout mouse models results in increased mineral density. Furthermore, modulation of ERRα activity reduces proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. These results indicated that inhibition of ERRα might provide a treatment for osteoporosis without displaying adverse effects in breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of the ERR receptors, and in particular ERRα, in the differentiation of bone precursor cells and its consequences on bone homeostasis, and discusses the possible grounds for the discrepancies reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Gallet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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Rajalin AM, Pollock H, Aarnisalo P. ERRalpha regulates osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:477-82. [PMID: 20417614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor-alpha (ERRalpha) has been reported to have both a positive and a negative regulatory role in osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation. We have studied the role of ERRalpha in osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from ERRalpha deficient mice and their differentiation capacities were compared to that of the wild-type cells. ERRalpha deficient cultures displayed reduced cellular proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization. In the complementary experiment, overexpression of ERRalpha in MC3T3-E1 cells increased the expression of osteoblastic markers and mineralization. Alterations in the expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) may at least partially explain the effects on mineralization as BSP expression was reduced in ERRalpha deficient MSCs and enhanced upon ERRalpha overexpression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter construct driven by the BSP promoter was efficiently transactivated by ERRalpha. Under adipogenic conditions, ERRalpha deficient cultures displayed reduced adipocytic differentiation. Our data thus propose a positive role for ERRalpha in osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation. The variability in the results yielded in the different studies implies that ERRalpha may play different roles in bone under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Rajalin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Delhon I, Gutzwiller S, Morvan F, Rangwala S, Wyder L, Evans G, Studer A, Kneissel M, Fournier B. Absence of estrogen receptor-related-alpha increases osteoblastic differentiation and cancellous bone mineral density. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4463-72. [PMID: 19608650 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptor human estrogen receptor-related receptor (ERR)-alpha is implicated in bone metabolism. We studied the effect of ERRalpha silencing in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during osteoblastogenesis. We found that ERRalpha silencing led to an increase of bone sialoprotein and a decrease of osteopontin mRNA levels, suggesting enhanced osteoblastic differentiation. This was confirmed by an increased ability of hMSCs to deposit calcium. Concomitantly, knockdown of ERRalpha inhibited adipogenesis, resulting in a decrease in adipocyte number and adipocyte marker gene expression. In line with a negative role of ERRalpha in bone metabolism, we found that adult female and male ERRalpha-deficient mice displayed a moderate increase in femoral cancellous bone volume and density. Osteoblast surface was increased and marrow fat volume decreased in these animals. Furthermore, ERRalpha-deficient osteoblasts displayed increased differentiation properties in vitro in line with our observations in hMSCs. In summary, we identified a role for ERRalpha in bone mass regulation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Delhon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Musculoskeletal Diseases, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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