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DeBerge M, Schroth S, Du F, Yeap XY, Wang JJ, Zhang ZJ, Ansari MJ, Scott EA, Thorp EB. Hypoxia inducible factor 2α promotes tolerogenic macrophage development during cardiac transplantation through transcriptional regulation of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319623121. [PMID: 38889142 PMCID: PMC11214057 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319623121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation mobilizes myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, which are central protagonists of allograft rejection. However, myeloid cells can also be functionally reprogrammed by perioperative costimulatory blockade to promote a state of transplantation tolerance. Transplantation tolerance holds promise to reduce complications from chronic immunosuppression and promote long-term survival in transplant recipients. We sought to identify different mediators of transplantation tolerance by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of acute rejecting or tolerized cardiac allografts. This led to the unbiased identification of the transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α, in a subset of tolerogenic monocytes. Using flow cytometric analyses and mice with conditional loss or gain of function, we uncovered that myeloid cell expression of HIF-2α was required for costimulatory blockade-induced transplantation tolerance. While HIF-2α was dispensable for mobilization of tolerogenic monocytes, which were sourced in part from the spleen, it promoted the expression of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). CSF1R mediates monocyte differentiation into tolerogenic macrophages and was found to be a direct transcriptional target of HIF-2α in splenic monocytes. Administration of the HIF stabilizer, roxadustat, within micelles to target myeloid cells, increased HIF-2α in splenic monocytes, which was associated with increased CSF1R expression and enhanced cardiac allograft survival. These data support further exploration of HIF-2α activation in myeloid cells as a therapeutic strategy for transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Samantha Schroth
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Fanfan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Xin Yi Yeap
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Jiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Zheng Jenny Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Mohammed Javeed Ansari
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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Holmström EJ, Syrjälä SO, Dhaygude K, Tuuminen R, Krebs R, Lommi J, Nykänen A, Lemström KB. Donor plasma VEGF-A as a biomarker for myocardial injury and primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024:S1053-2498(24)01696-6. [PMID: 38897424 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is an angiogenic and proinflammatory cytokine with profound effects on microvascular permeability and vasodilation. Several processes may induce VEGF-A expression in brain-dead organ donors. However, it remains unclear whether donor VEGF-A is linked to adverse outcomes after heart transplantation. METHODS We examined plasma VEGF-A levels from 83 heart transplant donors as well as the clinical data of these donors and their respective recipients operated between 2010 and 2016. The donor plasma was analyzed using Luminex-based Multiplex and confirmed with a single-target ELISA. Based on donor VEGF-A plasma levels, the recipients were divided into 3 equal-sized groups (low VEGF <500 ng/liter, n = 28; moderate VEGF 500-3000 ng/liter, n = 28; and high VEGF >3000 ng/liter, n = 27). Biochemical and clinical parameters of myocardial injury as well as heart transplant and kidney function were followed-up for one year, while rejection episodes, development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and mortality were monitored for 5 years. RESULTS Baseline parameters were comparable between the donor groups, except for age, where median ages of 40, 45, and 50 were observed for low, moderate, and high donor plasma VEGF levels groups, respectively, and therefore donor age was included as a confounding factor. High donor plasma VEGF-A levels were associated with pronounced myocardial injury (TnT and TnI), a higher inotrope score, and a higher incidence of primary graft dysfunction in the recipient after heart transplantation. Furthermore, recipients with allografts from donors with high plasma VEGF-A levels had a longer length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital, and an increased likelihood for prolonged renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that elevated donor plasma VEGF-A levels were associated with adverse outcomes in heart transplant recipients, particularly in terms of myocardial injury, primary graft dysfunction, and long-term renal complications. Donor VEGF-A may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting these adverse outcomes and identifying extended donor criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil J Holmström
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Simo O Syrjälä
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kishor Dhaygude
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Tuuminen
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Krebs
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyri Lommi
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Nykänen
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl B Lemström
- Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Macías Á, Nevado RM, González-Gómez C, Gonzalo P, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Dorado B, Benedicto I, Andrés V. Coronary and carotid artery dysfunction and K V7 overexpression in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2024; 46:867-884. [PMID: 37233881 PMCID: PMC10828489 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disease caused by expression of progerin, a lamin A variant that is also expressed at low levels in non-HGPS individuals. Although HGPS patients die predominantly from myocardial infarction and stroke, the mechanisms that provoke pathological alterations in the coronary and cerebral arteries in HGPS remain ill defined. Here, we assessed vascular function in the coronary arteries (CorAs) and carotid arteries (CarAs) of progerin-expressing LmnaG609G/G609G mice (G609G), both in resting conditions and after hypoxic stimulus. Wire myography, pharmacological screening, and gene expression studies demonstrated vascular atony and stenosis, as well as other functional alterations in progeroid CorAs and CarAs and aorta. These defects were associated with loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and overexpression of the KV7 family of voltage-dependent potassium channels. Compared with wild-type controls, G609G mice showed reduced median survival upon chronic isoproterenol exposure, a baseline state of chronic cardiac hypoxia characterized by overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 3α genes, and increased cardiac vascularization. Our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying progerin-induced coronary and carotid artery disease and identify KV7 channels as a candidate target for the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Macías
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Andrés-Manzano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dorado
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Benedicto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Downes N, Niskanen H, Tomas Bosch V, Taipale M, Godiwala M, Väänänen MA, Turunen TA, Aavik E, Laham-Karam N, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kaikkonen MU. Hypoxic regulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha via antisense transcription. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105291. [PMID: 37748649 PMCID: PMC10630634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen homeostasis is a frequently encountered pathophysiological factor in multiple complex diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. While the canonical hypoxia response pathway is well characterized, less is known about the role of noncoding RNAs in this process. Here, we investigated the nascent and steady-state noncoding transcriptional responses in endothelial cells and their potential roles in regulating the hypoxic response. Notably, we identify a novel antisense long noncoding RNA that convergently overlaps the majority of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) locus, which is expressed across several cell types and elevated in atherosclerotic lesions. The antisense (HIF1A-AS) is produced as a stable, unspliced, and polyadenylated nuclear retained transcript. HIF1A-AS is highly induced in hypoxia by both HIF1A and HIF2A and exhibits anticorrelation with the coding HIF1A transcript and protein expression. We further characterized this functional relationship by CRISPR-mediated bimodal perturbation of the HIF1A-AS promoter. We provide evidence that HIF1A-AS represses the expression of HIF1a in cis by repressing transcriptional elongation and deposition of H3K4me3, and that this mechanism is dependent on the act of antisense transcription itself. Overall, our results indicate a critical regulatory role of antisense mediated transcription in regulation of HIF1A expression and cellular response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Downes
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Vanesa Tomas Bosch
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Mari Taipale
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Mehvash Godiwala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Mari-Anna Väänänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Tiia A Turunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland; Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North-Savo, Finland.
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Watson WD, Green PG, Lewis AJ, Arvidsson P, De Maria GL, Arheden H, Heiberg E, Clarke WT, Rodgers CT, Valkovič L, Neubauer S, Herring N, Rider OJ. Retained Metabolic Flexibility of the Failing Human Heart. Circulation 2023; 148:109-123. [PMID: 37199155 PMCID: PMC10417210 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failing heart is traditionally described as metabolically inflexible and oxygen starved, causing energetic deficit and contractile dysfunction. Current metabolic modulator therapies aim to increase glucose oxidation to increase oxygen efficiency of adenosine triphosphate production, with mixed results. METHODS To investigate metabolic flexibility and oxygen delivery in the failing heart, 20 patients with nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction 34.9±9.1) underwent separate infusions of insulin+glucose infusion (I+G) or Intralipid infusion. We used cardiovascular magnetic resonance to assess cardiac function and measured energetics using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To investigate the effects of these infusions on cardiac substrate use, function, and myocardial oxygen uptake (MVo2), invasive arteriovenous sampling and pressure-volume loops were performed (n=9). RESULTS At rest, we found that the heart had considerable metabolic flexibility. During I+G, cardiac glucose uptake and oxidation were predominant (70±14% total energy substrate for adenosine triphosphate production versus 17±16% for Intralipid; P=0.002); however, no change in cardiac function was seen relative to basal conditions. In contrast, during Intralipid infusion, cardiac long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) delivery, uptake, LCFA acylcarnitine production, and fatty acid oxidation were all increased (LCFA 73±17% of total substrate versus 19±26% total during I+G; P=0.009). Myocardial energetics were better with Intralipid compared with I+G (phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate 1.86±0.25 versus 2.01±0.33; P=0.02), and systolic and diastolic function were improved (LVEF 34.9±9.1 baseline, 33.7±8.2 I+G, 39.9±9.3 Intralipid; P<0.001). During increased cardiac workload, LCFA uptake and oxidation were again increased during both infusions. There was no evidence of systolic dysfunction or lactate efflux at 65% maximal heart rate, suggesting that a metabolic switch to fat did not cause clinically meaningful ischemic metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that even in nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with severely impaired systolic function, significant cardiac metabolic flexibility is retained, including the ability to alter substrate use to match both arterial supply and changes in workload. Increasing LCFA uptake and oxidation is associated with improved myocardial energetics and contractility. Together, these findings challenge aspects of the rationale underlying existing metabolic therapies for heart failure and suggest that strategies promoting fatty acid oxidation may form the basis for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Watson
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (W.D.W.), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Peregrine G. Green
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
- Department for Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (P.G.G., N.H.), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J.M. Lewis
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Per Arvidsson
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (P.A., H.A., E.H.)
| | | | - Håkan Arheden
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (P.A., H.A., E.H.)
| | - Einar Heiberg
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (P.A., H.A., E.H.)
| | - William T. Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (W.T.C.), University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
- Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia (L.V.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Herring
- Department for Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (P.G.G., N.H.), University of Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J. Rider
- Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research (W.D.W., P.G.G., A.J.M.L., P.A., L.V., S.N., O.J.R.), University of Oxford, UK
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6
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Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Failing Myocytes. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081203. [PMID: 36013382 PMCID: PMC9409945 DOI: 10.3390/life12081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common disease that causes significant limitations on the organism's capacity and, in extreme cases, leads to death. Clinically, iron deficiency (ID) plays an essential role in heart failure by deteriorating the patient's condition and is a prognostic marker indicating poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, in HF patients, supplementation of iron is recommended. However, iron treatment may cause adverse effects by increasing iron-related apoptosis and the production of oxygen radicals, which may cause additional heart damage. Furthermore, many knowledge gaps exist regarding the complex interplay between iron deficiency and heart failure. Here, we describe the current, comprehensive knowledge about the role of the proteins involved in iron metabolism. We will focus on the molecular and clinical aspects of iron deficiency in HF. We believe that summarizing the new advances in the translational and clinical research regarding iron deficiency in heart failure should broaden clinicians' awareness of this comorbidity.
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Kozłowska B, Sochanowicz B, Kraj L, Palusińska M, Kołsut P, Szymański Ł, Lewicki S, Śmigielski W, Kruszewski M, Leszek P. Expression of Iron Metabolism Proteins in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030837. [PMID: 35160288 PMCID: PMC8837054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, iron deficiency is a common comorbid disease that negatively influences exercise tolerance, number of hospitalizations and mortality rate, and this is why iron iv supplementation is recommended. Little is known about the changes in iron-related proteins in the human HF myocardium. The purpose of this study was to assess iron-related proteins in non-failing (NFH) vs. failing (FH) human myocardium. The study group consisted of 58 explanted FHs; control consisted of 31 NFHs unsuitable for transplantation. Myocardial proteins expressions: divalent metal transporter (DMT-1); L-type calcium channel (L-CH); transferrin receptors (TfR-1/TfR-2); ferritins: heavy (FT-H) or light (FT-L) chain, mitochondrial (FT-MT); ferroportin (FPN), regulatory factors and oxidative stress marker: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In FH, the expression in almost all proteins responsible for iron transport: DMT-1, TfR-1, L-CH, except TfR-2, and storage: FT-H/-L/-MT were reduced, with no changes in FPN. Moreover, 4-HNE expression (pg/mg; NFH 10.6 ± 8.4 vs. FH 55.7 ± 33.7; p < 0.0001) in FH was increased. HNE-4 significantly correlated with DMT-1 (r = −0.377, p = 0.036), L-CH (r = −0.571, p = 0.001), FT-H (r = −0.379, p = 0.036), also FPN (r = 0.422, p = 0.018). Reducing iron-gathering proteins and elevated oxidative stress in failing hearts is very unfavorable for myocardiocytes. It should be taken into consideration before treatment with drugs or supplements that elevate free oxygen radicals in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Kozłowska
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sochanowicz
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Piotr Kołsut
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-3434-483
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Lucero García Rojas EY, Villanueva C, Bond RA. Hypoxia Inducible Factors as Central Players in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709509. [PMID: 34447792 PMCID: PMC8382733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the major cause of death in industrialized countries. The main function of the CV system is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all tissues. During most CV pathologies, oxygen and nutrient delivery is decreased or completely halted. Several mechanisms, including increased oxygen transport and delivery, as well as increased blood flow are triggered to compensate for the hypoxic state. If the compensatory mechanisms fail to sufficiently correct the hypoxia, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, hypoxia plays a central role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CV diseases. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate the gene transcription for hundreds of proteins involved in erythropoiesis, glucose transport, angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling, cell proliferation and survival, among others. The overall regulation of the expression of HIF-dependent genes depends on the severity, duration, and location of hypoxia. In the present review, common CV diseases were selected to illustrate that HIFs, and proteins derived directly or indirectly from their stabilization and activation, are related to the development and perpetuation of hypoxia in these pathologies. We further classify CV diseases into acute and chronic hypoxic states to better understand the temporal relevance of HIFs in the pathogenesis, disease progression and clinical outcomes of these diseases. We conclude that HIFs and their derived factors are fundamental in the genesis and progression of CV diseases. Understanding these mechanisms will lead to more effective treatment strategies leading to reduced morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Fu W, Tian X, Liu L, Zhang X, Wang X. Long noncoding RNA PR11-387H17.6 as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1188-1197. [PMID: 34369281 PMCID: PMC8354168 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1956537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is frequently related to ischemic nephropathy, secondary hypertension, and end-stage renal failure. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether certain circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be used as potential specific ARAS biomarkers. METHODS In the present study, a microarray analysis was performed to screen for lncRNAs in renal artery tissue from four ARAS patients and four non-ARAS individuals. To identify specific lncRNAs as candidate potential biomarkers of ARAS, we used the following criteria: the fold change was set to >3.0 (compared with non-ARAS tissues), and p value cutoff was set at .05. According to these criteria, six lncRNAs were identified from 1150 lncRNAs. After validation by quantitative PCR (qPCR), these lncRNAs were independently validated in blood from groups of 18 ARAS patients, 18 non-ARAS individuals, and 18 healthy volunteers, furthermore, the predictive value of lncRNA PR11-387H17.6 was further assessed using blood from groups of 99 ARAS patients, 49 non-ARAS individuals, and 50 healthy volunteers. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of these lncRNAs as biomarkers. RESULTS In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of PR11-387H17.6 was 0.733, with 52.5% sensitivity and 84.8% specificity in predicting the occurrence of ARAS. After considering the risk factors, the AUC of PR11-387H17.6 was 0.844, and the optimal sensitivity increased from 52.5% to 74.5%, although the specificity decreased from 84.8% to 81.9%. In the multivariable logistic analysis, PR11-387H17.6 was an independent predictor of major adverse events (OR: 3.039; 95% CI: 1.388-6.654; p= .006). CONCLUSIONS PR11-387H17.6 is a potential diagnostic biomarker of ARAS. The lncRNA levels in blood cells are regulated in ARAS. Thus, further investigations of the role of lncRNAs in ARAS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Fu
- Department of Cardiac Function, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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10
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Li Y. The Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:684348. [PMID: 34041287 PMCID: PMC8141560 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.684348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome with life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by a dysregulated host response to infection. The heart is one of the most commonly involved organs during sepsis, and cardiac dysfunction, which is usually indicative of an extremely poor clinical outcome, is a leading cause of death in septic cases. Despite substantial improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the origin and responses to sepsis, the prognosis of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SICD) remains poor and its molecular pathophysiological changes are not well-characterized. The recently discovered group of mediators known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have presented novel insights and opportunities to explore the mechanisms and development of SICD and may provide new targets for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. LncRNAs are RNA transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides with limited or no protein-coding potential. Evidence has rapidly accumulated from numerous studies on how lncRNAs function in associated regulatory circuits during SICD. This review outlines the direct evidence of the effect of lncRNAs on SICD based on clinical trials and animal studies. Furthermore, potential functional lncRNAs in SICD that have been identified in sepsis studies are summarized with a proven biological function in research on other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Correia M, Bernardes de Jesus B, Nóbrega-Pereira S. Novel Insights Linking lncRNAs and Metabolism With Implications for Cardiac Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:586927. [PMID: 33776783 PMCID: PMC7987814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.586927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is typically characterized by the loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. Although conventional treatments exist, novel regenerative procedures are warranted for improving cardiac regeneration and patients well fare. Whereas following injury the capacity for regeneration of adult mammalian heart is limited, the neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages. Interestingly, this is accompanied by a shift in the metabolic pathways and energetic fuels preferentially used by cardiomyocytes from embryonic glucose-driven anaerobic glycolysis to adult oxidation of substrates in the mitochondria. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging as key regulators of gene expression and epigenetic programs which could impact cardiac regeneration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known master regulators of cellular and organismal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and play multifaceted functions in the cardiovascular system. Still, our understanding of the metabolic determinants and pathways that can promote cardiac regeneration in the injured hearth remains limited. Here, we will discuss the emerging concepts that provide evidence for a molecular interplay between lncRNAs and metabolic signaling in cardiovascular function and whether exploiting this axis could provide ground for improved regenerative strategies in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Correia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Packer M. Role of Deranged Energy Deprivation Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac and Renal Disease in States of Perceived Nutrient Overabundance. Circulation 2020; 141:2095-2105. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of serious heart failure and adverse renal events, but the mechanisms that underlie this benefit are not understood. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is distinguished by 2 intriguing features: ketogenesis and erythrocytosis. Both reflect the induction of a fasting-like and hypoxia-like transcriptional paradigm that is capable of restoring and maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. In the face of perceived nutrient and oxygen deprivation, cells activate low-energy sensors, which include sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs; especially HIF-2α); these enzymes and transcription factors are master regulators of hundreds of genes and proteins that maintain cellular homeostasis. The activation of SIRT1 (through its effects to promote gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation) drives ketogenesis, and working in concert with AMPK, it can directly inhibit inflammasome activation and maintain mitochondrial capacity and stability. HIFs act to promote oxygen delivery (by stimulating erythropoietin and erythrocytosis) and decrease oxygen consumption. The activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α enhances autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that removes dangerous constituents, particularly damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes, which are major sources of oxidative stress and triggers of cellular dysfunction and death. SIRT1 and AMPK also act on sodium transport mechanisms to reduce intracellular sodium concentrations. It is interesting that type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney failure are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular glucose and lipid intermediates that are perceived by cells as indicators of energy overabundance. The cells respond by downregulating SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, thus leading to an impairment of autophagic flux and acceleration of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. SGLT2 inhibitors reverse this maladaptive signaling by triggering a state of fasting and hypoxia mimicry, which includes activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, enhanced autophagic flux, reduced cellular stress, decreased sodium influx into cells, and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis. This mechanistic framework clarifies the findings of large-scale randomized trials and the close association of ketogenesis and erythrocytosis with the cardioprotective and renoprotective benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Meng Q, Sun Z, Gu H, Luo J, Wang J, Wang C, Han S. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs in the border zone of myocardial infarction in rats. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:63. [PMID: 31827539 PMCID: PMC6889673 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in myocardial infarction has recently been noted. However, their underlying roles in the border zone of myocardial infarction remain unclear. This study uses microarrays to determine the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the border zone. Methods Bioinformatics methods were employed to uncover their underlying roles. Highly dysregulated lncRNAs was further validated via PCR. Results Four hundred seven lncRNAs and 752 mRNAs were upregulated, while 132 lncRNAs and 547 mRNAs were downregulated in the border zone of myocardial infarction. A circos graph was constructed to visualize the chromosomal distribution and classification of the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs. The upregulated mRNAs in the border zone were most highly enriched in cytokine activity, binding, cytokine receptor binding and related processes, as ascertained through Go analysis. Pathway analysis of the upregulated mRNAs showed the most significant changes were in the TNF signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway and similar pathways and interactions. An lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network was established to probe into the underlying functions of the 10 most highly dysregulated lncRNAs based on their co-expressed mRNAs. In the co-expression network, we found 16 genes directly involved in myocardial infarction, including Alox5ap, Itgb2 and B4galt1. The lncRNAs AY212271, EF424788 and MRAK088538, among others, might be associated with myocardial infarction. BC166504 is probably a key lncRNA in the border zone of myocardial infarction. Conclusions The results may have revealed some aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs that contribute to the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Meng
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaying Luo
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanhe Wang
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Su Han
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Yang G, Ma A, Qin ZS. An Integrated System Biology Approach Yields Drug Repositioning Candidates for the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Genet 2019; 10:916. [PMID: 31608126 PMCID: PMC6773955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective pharmacological treatments for heart failure (HF) patients remains critically important. Given that the development of drugs de novo is expensive and time consuming, drug repositioning has become an increasingly important branch. In the present study, we propose a two-step drug repositioning pipeline and investigate the novel therapeutic effects of existing drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to discover potential therapeutic drugs for HF. In the first step, we compared the gene expression pattern of HF patients with drug-induced gene expression profiles to obtain preliminary candidates. In the second step, we performed a systems biology approach based on the known protein–protein interaction information and targets of drugs to narrow down preliminary candidates to obtain final candidates. Drug set enrichment analysis and literature search were applied to assess the performance of our repositioning approach. We also constructed a mode of action network for each candidate and performed pathway analysis for each candidate using genes contained in their mode of action network to uncover pathways that potentially reflect the mechanisms of candidates’ therapeutic efficacy to HF. We discovered numerous preliminary candidates, some of which are used in clinical practice and supported by the literature. The final candidates contained nearly all of the preliminary candidates supported by previous studies. Drug set enrichment analysis and literature search support the validity of our repositioning approach. The mode of action network for each candidate not only displayed the underlying mechanisms of drug efficacy but also uncovered potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HF. Our two-step drug repositioning approach is efficient to find candidates with potential therapeutic efficiency to HF supported by the literature and might be of particular use in the discovery of novel effective pharmacological therapies for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Li Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Xu X, Yu B, Zhang Y. The association of functional polymorphisms in genes expressed in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells with the myocardial infarction. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:5. [PMID: 30678728 PMCID: PMC6345039 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A), and KIAA1462 in myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated. The study included 401 Han Chinese MI patients and 409 controls. Three tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—PECAM1 rs1867624, HIF1A rs2057482, and KIAA1462 rs3739998—were selected. SNP genotyping was performed by an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction assay. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including 3314 cases and 2687 controls on the association of 5 HIF1A SNPs and the overall risk of MI or coronary artery disease (CAD) was performed. Results The rs1867624 variants were associated with high TG concentrations (p = 0.040) and the rs2057482 variants were associated with decreased HDL-C in MI patients compared with the control group (p = 0.003). Rs2057482 SNP interacted with age to influence TC levels. The SNP of rs3739998 interacted with sex and hypertension to modulate CRE and TG levels, respectively (p < 3.04E-5-0.002). No association between the three SNPs and susceptibility to MI was found (p > 0.05 for all). In the meta-analysis of HIF1A, the rs11549465 C > T and rs10873142 T > C polymorphisms, but not rs2057482, rs11549467, and rs41508050, were correlated with overall MI or CAD risk. Conclusions Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that genetic variation of the PECAM1 rs1867624 and HIF1A rs2057482 can mediate lipid levels in MI patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0189-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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16
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Glinton K, DeBerge M, Yeap XY, Zhang J, Forbess J, Luo X, Thorp EB. Acute and chronic phagocyte determinants of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:593-603. [PMID: 30141073 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant immunosuppression has reduced the incidence of T cell-mediated acute rejection, yet long-term cardiac graft survival rates remain a challenge. An important determinant of chronic solid organ allograft complication is accelerated vascular disease of the transplanted graft. In the case of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), the precise cellular etiology remains inadequately understood; however, histologic evidence hints at the accumulation and activation of innate phagocytes as a causal contributing factor. This includes monocytes, macrophages, and immature dendritic cell subsets. In addition to crosstalk with adaptive T and B immune cells, myeloid phagocytes secrete paracrine signals that directly activate fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, both of which contribute to fibrous intimal thickening. Though maladaptive phagocyte functions may promote CAV, directed modulation of myeloid cell function, at the molecular level, holds promise for tolerance and prolonged cardiac graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofor Glinton
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xin-Yi Yeap
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jenny Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joseph Forbess
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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17
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Nishimura K, Takeda M, Yamashita JK, Shiojima I, Toyoda N. Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Life Sci 2018; 203:276-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Drevytska T, Gonchar E, Okhai I, Lynnyk O, Mankovska I, Klionsky D, Dosenko V. The protective effect of Hif3a RNA interference and HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibition on cardiomyocytes under anoxia-reoxygenation. Life Sci 2018; 202:131-139. [PMID: 29660430 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway activation in cardiomyocytes under anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) injury. In this study, rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were pretreated with anti-Hif3A/Hif-3α siRNA or HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor prior to A/R injury. Our results showed that both HIF3A silencing and HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibition effectively increased the cell viability during A/R, led to changes in mRNA expression of HIF1-target genes, and reduced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Furthermore, application of anti-Hif3a siRNA led to an increase in mRNA expression of Epo, Igf1, Slc2a1/Glut-1, and Slc2a4/Glut-4. Similar results were observed with HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibition, which additionally upregulated the mRNA expression of Epor, Tert, and Pdk1. Hif3a RNA-interference and application of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor during A/R modelling led to an increase of Δψm on 11.5 and 11.9 mV respectively, compared to the control groups. Thus, Hif3a RNA interference and HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protect cardiomyocytes against A/R injury via the HIF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Drevytska
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
| | - E Gonchar
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | - I Okhai
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | - O Lynnyk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | - I Mankovska
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
| | - D Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V Dosenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science, Bogomoletz Street, 4, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine
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19
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Abstract
Whether approaches to chronically increase VEGF-A in the heart may have beneficial effects and prevent the development of heart failure, in part by improving cardiac perfusion, or whether this increase could have detrimental effects on cardiac performance in the aging heart, has not been tested yet. In this study, a genetic mouse model with a chronic increase in VEGF-A in the heart is shown to have increased cardiac angiogenesis and develop cardiac hypertrophy with enhanced basal cardiac performance with age progression. However, in aged hearts, this increase in VEGF-A was associated with higher expression of fetal cardiac genes and reduced cardiac performance after β-agonistic stress, features consistent with pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Expression of Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)-3 was increased in the hearts of the mice, and its genetic inactivation prevented increased fetal cardiac gene expression and partially rescued the impaired cardiac performance after β-agonistic stimulation in aged hearts without reducing cardiac angiogenesis or hypertrophy. Thus, although a chronic increase in cardiac VEGF-A may improve cardiac perfusion, long-term upregulation of VEGF-A leads to reduced cardiac performance under stress, an effect that can be partially inhibited by NLRP3 inactivation. Targeting NLRP3 shifts the VEGF-A-induced cardiac hypertrophy from a pathologic toward a more physiologic hypertrophy.-Marneros, A. G. Effects of chronically increased VEGF-A on the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Zhang L, Salgado-Somoza A, Vausort M, Leszek P, Devaux Y. A heart-enriched antisense long non-coding RNA regulates the balance between cardiac and skeletal muscle triadin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1865:247-258. [PMID: 29126880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs play major roles in cardiac pathophysiology. Recent studies reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in the failing heart, but how they contribute to heart failure development is unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify heart-enriched lncRNAs and investigate their regulation and function in the failing heart. RESULTS Analysis of a RNA-seq dataset of 15 Caucasian tissues allowed the identification of 415 heart-enriched lncRNAs. Fifty-three lncRNAs were located on the genome in close vicinity to protein-coding genes associated with cardiac function and disease. Analysis of a second RNA-seq dataset of 16 failing human hearts highlighted one lncRNA which we arbitrarily named TRDN-AS due to its localisation in the antisense position of the gene encoding triadin (TRDN). Expression of TRDN-AS and cardiac TRDN was up-regulated in biopsies from failing human hearts compared to control hearts. In failing hearts, TRDN-AS was positively correlated with a cardiac isoform of TRDN and negatively correlated with a skeletal muscle isoform of TRDN. A murine homolog of human TRDN-AS was identified and found to be enriched in the heart and localised in the nuclear compartment of cardiomyocytes. Trdn-AS expression as well as the ratio between cardiac and skeletal muscle isoforms were down-regulated after experimental myocardial infarction. In murine cardiomyocytes, activation of Trdn-AS transcription with the CRISPR/dCas9-VPR system enhanced the ratio between cardiac and skeletal isoforms of Trdn. CONCLUSION The lncRNA TRDN-AS regulates the balance between cardiac and skeletal isoforms of triadin. This finding may have implications for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Health Institute, Luxembourg
| | | | - Melanie Vausort
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Health Institute, Luxembourg
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Heart Failure and Transplantology Department, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Health Institute, Luxembourg.
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21
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Gomes CPC, Spencer H, Ford KL, Michel LYM, Baker AH, Emanueli C, Balligand JL, Devaux Y. The Function and Therapeutic Potential of Long Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Development and Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:494-507. [PMID: 28918050 PMCID: PMC5565632 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The popularization of genome-wide analyses and RNA sequencing led to the discovery that a large part of the human genome, while effectively transcribed, does not encode proteins. Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in both normal and disease states. Studies of long non-coding RNAs expressed in the heart, in combination with gene association studies, revealed that these molecules are regulated during cardiovascular development and disease. Some long non-coding RNAs have been functionally implicated in cardiac pathophysiology and constitute potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review the current knowledge of the function of long non-coding RNAs in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on cardiovascular development and biology, focusing on hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ischemia, and heart failure. We discuss potential therapeutic implications and the challenges of long non-coding RNA research, with directions for future research and translational focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P C Gomes
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Helen Spencer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Kerrie L Ford
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Unité de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Unité de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Wassner AJ, Jugo RH, Dorfman DM, Padera RF, Maynard MA, Zavacki AM, Jay PY, Huang SA. Myocardial Induction of Type 3 Deiodinase in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Thyroid 2017; 27:732-737. [PMID: 28314380 PMCID: PMC5421592 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme type 3 deiodinase (D3) is induced during hypertrophic and ischemic cardiomyopathy, leading to a state of local cardiac hypothyroidism. Whether D3 induction occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown. METHODS This study characterized changes in cardiac D3 and thyroid hormone signaling in a transgenic model of progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (TG9 mice). RESULTS Cardiac D3 was dramatically induced 15-fold during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in TG9 mice. This D3 induction localized to cardiomyocytes and was associated with a decrease in myocardial thyroid hormone signaling. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac D3 is induced in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, indicating that D3 induction may be a general response to diverse forms of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J. Wassner
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca H. Jugo
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M. Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A. Maynard
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann M. Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y. Jay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen A. Huang
- Thyroid Program, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Tasharrofi B, Soudyab M, Nikpayam E, Iranpour M, Mirfakhraie R, Sarrafzadeh S, Geranpayeh L, Azargashb E, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Comparative expression analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha and its natural occurring antisense in breast cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:572-578. [PMID: 27862063 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been shown to be upregulated in tumor tissues and linked with tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer. Among regulatory mechanisms for HIF expression is a natural occurring antisense named aHIF, which has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer and influence the level of the HIF-1α transcript. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of HIF-1α and aHIF in breast cancer tissues versus adjacent noncancer tissues (ANCTs) in relation with the clinical and biological behavior of the tumors. aHIF has been shown to be expressed in 67.4% of invasive ductal carcinoma samples, while none of ANCTs showed its expression. HIF-1α has been expressed in all of tumors and 90% of ANCTs. Comparison of HIF-1α expression level between tumor and ANCT tissues showed a total upregulation in tumor samples. No statistically significant association has been found between the level of HIF-1α expression in tumor samples and clinicopathologic and demographic characteristics such as age, tumor size, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, HER2/neu expression level, lymph node status, histological grade, and stage except for a weak correlation between HIF-1α expression and Ki-67 status. Besides, we could not detect any significant correlation between relative expression of HIF-1α and aHIF in tumor samples. Collectively, these data suggest that aHIF overexpression can be used as a potential biomarker in breast cancer. However, further studies are needed for the evaluation of its mechanism of action in regulation of HIF-1α expression in different pathological conditions. HIF-1α overexpression results in the upregulation of several genes that participated in cancer-associated pathways such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose metabolism. We showed that HIF-1α is upregulated in breast tumor samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Its expression has been associated with Ki-67 status. Its natural occurring antisense is only expressed in tumor tissues. Thus, it can be used as a potential biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoosh Tasharrofi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soudyab
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Iranpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Geranpayeh
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eznollah Azargashb
- Department of Social Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Yang L, Li Y, Wang X, Mu X, Qin D, Huang W, Alshahrani S, Nieman M, Peng J, Essandoh K, Peng T, Wang Y, Lorenz J, Soleimani M, Zhao ZQ, Fan GC. Overexpression of miR-223 Tips the Balance of Pro- and Anti-hypertrophic Signaling Cascades toward Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15700-13. [PMID: 27226563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.715805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively examined in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, few studies focused on profiling the miRNA alterations in physiological hypertrophic hearts. In this study we generated a transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-223. Our results showed that elevation of miR-223 caused physiological cardiac hypertrophy with enhanced cardiac function but no fibrosis. Using the next generation RNA sequencing, we observed that most of dys-regulated genes (e.g. Atf3/5, Egr1/3, Sfrp2, Itgb1, Ndrg4, Akip1, Postn, Rxfp1, and Egln3) in miR-223-transgenic hearts were associated with cell growth, but they were not directly targeted by miR-223. Interestingly, these dys-regulated genes are known to regulate the Akt signaling pathway. We further identified that miR-223 directly interacted with 3'-UTRs of FBXW7 and Acvr2a, two negative regulators of the Akt signaling. However, we also validated that miR-223 directly inhibited the expression of IGF-1R and β1-integrin, two positive regulators of the Akt signaling. Lastly, Western blotting did reveal that Akt was activated in miR-223-overexpressing hearts. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-223 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced cell hypertrophy, which was blocked by the addition of MK2206, a specific inhibitor of Akt Taken together, these data represent the first piece of work showing that miR-223 tips the balance of promotion and inactivation of Akt signaling cascades toward activation of Akt, a key regulator of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, our study suggests that the ultimate phenotype outcome of a miRNA may be decided by the secondary net effects of the whole target network rather than by several primary direct targets in an organ/tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Yang
- From the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China, Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics
| | | | | | - Dongze Qin
- From the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China, Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Research Services, Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michelle Nieman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0575
| | - Jiangtong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China, and
| | | | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - John Lorenz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0575
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine, and
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- From the Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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25
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Abstract
The recognition of functional roles for transcribed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has provided a new dimension to our understanding of cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. LncRNAs are a large group of structurally complex RNA genes that can interact with DNA, RNA, or protein molecules to modulate gene expression and to exert cellular effects through diverse mechanisms. The emerging knowledge regarding their functional roles and their aberrant expression in disease states emphasizes the potential for lncRNA to serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this concise review, we outline the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs, their functional cellular roles, and their involvement in disease. Using liver cancer as an example, we provide an overview of the emerging opportunities and potential approaches to target lncRNA-dependent mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- From the Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert J Gropler
- From the Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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27
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Ounzain S, Burdet F, Ibberson M, Pedrazzini T. Discovery and functional characterization of cardiovascular long noncoding RNAs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:17-26. [PMID: 26408097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing and genomic technologies have resulted in the discovery of thousands of previously unannotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, their function in the cardiovascular system remains elusive. Here we review and discuss considerations for cardiovascular lncRNA discovery, annotation and functional characterization. Although we primarily focus on the heart, the proposed pipeline should foster functional and mechanistic exploration of these transcripts in various cardiovascular pathologies. Moreover, these insights could ultimately lead to novel therapeutic approaches targeting lncRNAs for the amelioration of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ounzain
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Frédéric Burdet
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Dass S, Holloway CJ, Cochlin LE, Rider OJ, Mahmod M, Robson M, Sever E, Clarke K, Watkins H, Ashrafian H, Karamitsos TD, Neubauer S. No Evidence of Myocardial Oxygen Deprivation in Nonischemic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:1088-93. [PMID: 26333351 PMCID: PMC4645953 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whether the myocardium in nonischemic heart failure experiences oxygen limitation remains a long-standing controversy. We addressed this question in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a dual approach. First, we tested the changes in myocardial oxygenation between rest and stress states, using oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Second, we sought to assess the functional consequences of oxygen limitation at rest by measuring myocardial energetics before and after short-term oxygen supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairia Dass
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron J Holloway
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lowri E Cochlin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Rider
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masliza Mahmod
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Robson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Sever
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Clarke
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros D Karamitsos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (S.D., O.J.R., M.M., M.R., E.S., H.W., H.A., T.D.K., S.N.) and Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (C.J.H., L.E.C., K.C.), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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29
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Yang SL, Wu C, Xiong ZF, Fang X. Progress on hypoxia-inducible factor-3: Its structure, gene regulation and biological function (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2411-6. [PMID: 25936862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors, which are commonly expressed in mammals, including humans. The HIFs consist of hypoxia-regulated α and oxygen-insensitive β subunits, and are key regulators of gene expression during hypoxia in normal and solid tumor tissues. Three members of the HIF family, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, are currently known. HIF-3α differs from HIF-1α and HIF-2α in protein structure and regulation of gene expression. For a long time, HIF-3α was considered as a negative mediator of HIF-regulated genes. HIF-3 has a transcriptional regulatory function, which negatively affects gene expression by competing with HIF-1α and HIF-2α in binding to transcriptional elements in target genes during hypoxia. Previously, certain target genes of HIF-3α have been identified, confirming the role of HIF-3α as a transcription factor. In this review, the protein structure, gene regulation and biological function of HIF-3 are discussed based on the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Department of Medicine and Division of Digestion Disease, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, P.R. China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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30
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Abstract
A large part of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Distinct molecular mechanisms allow lncRNAs either to activate or to repress gene expression, thereby participating in the regulation of cellular and tissue function. LncRNAs, therefore, have important roles in healthy and diseased hearts, and might be targets for therapeutic intervention. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of lncRNAs in cardiac development and ageing. After describing the definition and classification of lncRNAs, we present an overview of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression. We discuss the multiple roles of lncRNAs in the heart, and focus on the regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation, cardiac cell fate and development, and cardiac ageing. We emphasize the importance of chromatin remodelling in this regulation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic and biomarker potential of lncRNAs.
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31
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Yang G, Lu X, Yuan L. LncRNA: a link between RNA and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1097-109. [PMID: 25159663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the gene expression networks governing cancer initiation and development is essential while remains largely uncompleted. With the innovations in RNA-seq technologies and computational biology, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being identified and characterized at a rapid pace. Recent findings reveal that lncRNAs are implicated in serial steps of cancer development. These lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA, protein molecules and/or their combinations, acting as an essential regulator in chromatin organization, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Their misexpression confers the cancer cell capacities for tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. The review here will emphasize their aberrant expression and function in cancer, and the roles in cancer diagnosis and therapy will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, 323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
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32
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Abstract
RATIONALE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a novel class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Although recent data suggest that lncRNAs may be associated with cardiac disease, little is known about lncRNAs in the setting of myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVE To measure lncRNAs in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 414 patients with acute MI treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood samples were harvested at the time of reperfusion. Expression levels of 5 lncRNAs were measured in peripheral blood cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction: hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (ANRIL), potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1), myocardial infarction-associated transcript, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1. Levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2, KCNQ1OT1, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 were higher in patients with MI than in healthy volunteers (P<0.01), and levels of ANRIL were lower in patients with MI (P=0.003). Patients with ST-segment-elevation MI had lower levels of ANRIL (P<0.001), KCNQ1OT1 (P<0.001), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (P<0.001), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (P=0.005) when compared with patients with non-ST-segment-elevation MI. Levels of ANRIL were associated with age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Patients presenting within 3 hours of chest pain onset had elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1A antisense RNA 2 when compared with patients presenting later on. ANRIL, KCNQ1OT1, myocardial infarction-associated transcript, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 were significant univariable predictors of left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by an ejection fraction ≤40% at 4-month follow-up. In multivariable and reclassification analyses, ANRIL and KCNQ1OT1 improved the prediction of left ventricular dysfunction by a model, including demographic features, clinical parameters, and cardiac biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Levels of lncRNAs in blood cells are regulated after MI and may help in prediction of outcome. This motivates further investigation of the role of lncRNAs after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Vausort
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.)
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.)
| | - Yvan Devaux
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (M.V., Y.D.); and Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (D.R.W.).
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Bhan A, Mandal SS. Long noncoding RNAs: emerging stars in gene regulation, epigenetics and human disease. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1932-56. [PMID: 24677606 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are classes of transcripts that are encoded by the genome and transcribed but never get translated into proteins. Though not translated into proteins, ncRNAs play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular functions. Here, we review the functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their implications in various human diseases. Increasing numbers of studies demonstrate that lncRNAs play critical roles in regulation of protein-coding genes, maintenance of genomic integrity, dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, mRNA processing, cell differentiation, and development. Misregulation of lncRNAs is associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer, immune and neurological disorders. Different classes of lncRNAs, their functions, mechanisms of action, and associations with different human diseases are summarized in detail, highlighting their as yet untapped potential in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunoday Bhan
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019 (USA)
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Tada Y, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Zempo H, Takamura C, Suzuki JI, Dan T, Miyata T, Isobe M, Komuro I. Neovascularization induced by hypoxia inducible transcription factor is associated with the improvement of cardiac dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:149-62. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.855196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Breckenridge RA, Piotrowska I, Ng KE, Ragan TJ, West JA, Kotecha S, Towers N, Bennett M, Kienesberger PC, Smolenski RT, Siddall HK, Offer JL, Mocanu MM, Yelon DM, Dyck JRB, Griffin JL, Abramov AY, Gould AP, Mohun TJ. Hypoxic regulation of hand1 controls the fetal-neonatal switch in cardiac metabolism. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001666. [PMID: 24086110 PMCID: PMC3782421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals a novel pathway that responds to hypoxia and modulates energy metabolism by cardiomyocytes in the mouse heart, thereby determining oxygen consumption. Cardiomyocytes are vulnerable to hypoxia in the adult, but adapted to hypoxia in utero. Current understanding of endogenous cardiac oxygen sensing pathways is limited. Myocardial oxygen consumption is determined by regulation of energy metabolism, which shifts from glycolysis to lipid oxidation soon after birth, and is reversed in failing adult hearts, accompanying re-expression of several “fetal” genes whose role in disease phenotypes remains unknown. Here we show that hypoxia-controlled expression of the transcription factor Hand1 determines oxygen consumption by inhibition of lipid metabolism in the fetal and adult cardiomyocyte, leading to downregulation of mitochondrial energy generation. Hand1 is under direct transcriptional control by HIF1α. Transgenic mice prolonging cardiac Hand1 expression die immediately following birth, failing to activate the neonatal lipid metabolising gene expression programme. Deletion of Hand1 in embryonic cardiomyocytes results in premature expression of these genes. Using metabolic flux analysis, we show that Hand1 expression controls cardiomyocyte oxygen consumption by direct transcriptional repression of lipid metabolising genes. This leads, in turn, to increased production of lactate from glucose, decreased lipid oxidation, reduced inner mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial ATP generation. We found that this pathway is active in adult cardiomyocytes. Up-regulation of Hand1 is protective in a mouse model of myocardial ischaemia. We propose that Hand1 is part of a novel regulatory pathway linking cardiac oxygen levels with oxygen consumption. Understanding hypoxia adaptation in the fetal heart may allow development of strategies to protect cardiomyocytes vulnerable to ischaemia, for example during cardiac ischaemia or surgery. Regulation of oxygen usage in cardiomyocytes is of great medical interest, because adult cardiac tissue is extremely vulnerable to hypoxia during myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery. While some progress has been made toward protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxia in these circumstances, it has been limited by a lack of understanding of endogenous oxygen-sensing pathways. In contrast to adult cardiac tissue, embryonic cardiomyocytes are highly resistant to hypoxia, although the mechanisms underlying this have hitherto been unclear. Using mice we show that the transcription factor Hand1 is expressed at high levels in the fetal heart, under direct control of HIF1α signaling, a pathway well known to respond to hypoxia. We show that Hand1 expression decreases at birth as the neonate is exposed to higher levels of oxygen. By experimentally increasing Hand1 expression in the neonatal heart, we see lower oxygen consumption in cardiomyocytes and this is caused by Hand1 repressing key regulatory genes involved in cardiomyocyte lipid metabolism. This has the effect of decreasing mitochondrial ATP generation via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, we show that increasing Hand1 expression in adult transgenic hearts is protective against myocardial infarction, suggesting that a hypoxia–Hand1 pathway may also be of importance in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Breckenridge
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Izabela Piotrowska
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keat-Eng Ng
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Ragan
- Division of Molecular Structure, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. West
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Surendra Kotecha
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Towers
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bennett
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C. Kienesberger
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Hillary K. Siddall
- Hatter Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Offer
- Physical Biochemistry, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela M. Mocanu
- Hatter Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M. Yelon
- Hatter Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jules L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P. Gould
- Division of Physiology and Metabolism, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Mohun
- Developmental Biology, MRC–National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
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Gao G, Xie A, Zhang J, Herman AM, Jeong EM, Gu L, Liu M, Yang KC, Kamp TJ, Dudley SC. Unfolded protein response regulates cardiac sodium current in systolic human heart failure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013; 6:1018-24. [PMID: 24036084 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human heart failure (HF) increases alternative mRNA splicing of the type V, voltage-gated cardiac Na+ channel α-subunit (SCN5A), generating variants encoding truncated, nonfunctional channels that are trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this work, we tested whether truncated Na+ channels activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), contributing to SCN5A electric remodeling in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS UPR and SCN5A were analyzed in human ventricular systolic HF tissue samples and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Cells were exposed to angiotensin II (AngII) and hypoxia, known activators of abnormal SCN5A mRNA splicing, or were induced to overexpress SCN5A variants. UPR effectors, protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), calreticulin, and CHOP, were increased in human HF tissues. Induction of SCN5A variants with AngII or hypoxia or the expression of exogenous variants induced the UPR with concomitant downregulation of Na+ current. PERK activation destabilized SCN5A and, surprisingly, Kv4.3 channel mRNAs but not transient receptor potential cation channel M7 (TRPM7) channel mRNA. PERK inhibition prevented the loss of full-length SCN5A and Kv4.3 mRNA levels resulting from expressing Na+ channel mRNA splice variants. CONCLUSIONS UPR can be initiated by Na+ channel mRNA splice variants and is involved in the reduction of cardiac Na+ current during human HF. Because the effect is not entirely specific to the SCN5A transcript, the UPR may play an important role in downregulation of multiple cardiac genes in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Research Center, the Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University and Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI
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Wahlestedt C. Targeting long non-coding RNA to therapeutically upregulate gene expression. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:433-46. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Deng Q, Huang CM, Chen N, Li L, Wang XD, Zhang W, Bi F, Tang QL, Li ZP, Wang W. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy downregulate the activity and expression of DNA methyltransferase and enhance Bcl-2/E1B-19-kDa interacting protein-3-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Chemotherapy 2013; 58:445-53. [PMID: 23364257 DOI: 10.1159/000345916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2/E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a proapoptotic protein whose expression level is often low in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells due to the BNIP3 gene promoter DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). It is known that chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppress CRC through inducing tumor apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis of CRC cells are not well defined. In this study, we observed that the expression level of BNIP3 in colon cancer cells was significantly increased by treatment with therapeutic agents and radiation in vitro. The BNIP3 protein level in CRC tissues from patients who received preoperative concurrent chemotherapy was significantly higher than in those who received surgery alone. Furthermore, treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation significantly decreased the DNMT1 expression level and enzymatic activity. Both expression level and activity of DNMT1 were inversely correlated with the expression level of BNIP3 in colon carcinoma cells after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. Consistent with increased BNIP3 expression, chemotherapeutic agents and radiation induced colon carcinoma cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these observations, we conclude that chemotherapy and radiotherapy inhibit DNMT1 expression to upregulate BNIP3 expression to promote CRC cell apoptosis. And, BNIP3 may play a role in the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways, mainly during treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Department of Abdomen Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Ashoff A, Qadri F, Eggers R, Jöhren O, Raasch W, Dendorfer A. Pioglitazone Prevents Capillary Rarefaction in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats Independently of Glucose Control and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:260-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000335214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Organic Cation Transporter 3: Expression in Failing and Nonfailing Human Heart and Functional Characterization. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:409-17. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182270783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Barrows ND, Nelson OL, Robbins CT, Rourke BC. Increased cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain in left atria and decreased myocardial insulin-like growth factor (Igf-I) expression accompany low heart rate in hibernating grizzly bears. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:1-17. [PMID: 21117961 DOI: 10.1086/657589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) tolerate extended periods of extremely low heart rate during hibernation without developing congestive heart failure or cardiac chamber dilation. Left ventricular atrophy and decreased left ventricular compliance have been reported in this species during hibernation. We evaluated the myocardial response to significantly reduced heart rate during hibernation by measuring relative myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform expression and expression of a set of genes important to muscle plasticity and mass regulation in the left atria and left ventricles of active and hibernating bears. We supplemented these data with measurements of systolic and diastolic function via echocardiography in unanesthetized grizzly bears. Atrial strain imaging revealed decreased atrial contractility, decreased expansion/reservoir function (increased atrial stiffness), and decreased passive-filling function (increased ventricular stiffness) in hibernating bears. Relative MyHC-α protein expression increased significantly in the atrium during hibernation. The left ventricle expressed 100% MyHC-β protein in both groups. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) mRNA expression was reduced by ∼50% in both chambers during hibernation, consistent with the ventricular atrophy observed in these bears. Interestingly, mRNA expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFBx) and Muscle Ring Finger 1 did not increase, nor did expression of myostatin or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). We report atrium-specific decreases of 40% and 50%, respectively, in MAFBx and creatine kinase mRNA expression during hibernation. Decreased creatine kinase expression is consistent with lowered energy requirements and could relate to reduced atrial emptying function during hibernation. Taken together with our hemodynamic assessment, these data suggest a potential downregulation of atrial chamber function during hibernation to prevent fatigue and dilation due to excessive work against an optimally filled ventricle, a response unpredicted by the Frank-Starling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Barrows
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840, USA
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Heyman SN, Rosen S, Rosenberger C. Hypoxia-inducible factors and the prevention of acute organ injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:209. [PMID: 21457510 PMCID: PMC3219405 DOI: 10.1186/cc9991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hosptial, Mt, Scopus, PO Box 24035, 91240 Jerusalem, Israel.
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Liu Y, Huo Z, Yan B, Lin X, Zhou ZN, Liang X, Zhu W, Liang D, Li L, Liu Y, Zhao H, Sun Y, Chen YH. Prolyl hydroxylase 3 interacts with Bcl-2 to regulate doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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McGaffin KR, Mctiernan CF. Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Leptin Signaling in the Failing and Mechanically Unloaded Human Heart”. Circ Heart Fail 2010. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.110.950626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. McGaffin
- The Cardiovascular Institute
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Charles F. Mctiernan
- The Cardiovascular Institute
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA
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