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Zhi D, Zhao C, Dong J, Ma W, Xu S, Yue J, Wang D. cep-1 mediated the mitohormesis effect of Shengmai formula in regulating Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113246. [PMID: 35687906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is one of the major causes of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. It has been found that mitochondrion acts as a crucial regulator of healthy lifespan. In this work, traditional Chinese medicine Shengmai formula (SMH) was used to treat mitochondrial mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that SMH shortened the lifespan of short-lived mev-1 mutant, but lengthened the lifespan of long-lived isp-1 mutant. Acute SMH treatment has benefit effect by increasing resistance capacity and motion activity in both ETC mutants and wild type N2. Compared with N2, the genome-wide transcriptome profile of ETC mutants showed on a similar pattern after SMH treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis addressed that SMH-induced genes mainly enriched in metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process. The ROS levels in ETC mutants and N2 firstly rose then fell after SMH treatment, in company with the elevation of SOD-1, SOD-3 and GST-4, the increment of HSP-16.2 combined with heat shock. SMH increased oxygen consumption and ATP content, improved the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis. SMH-induced opposed lifespan outcomes were markedly counteracted by cep-1 RNAi, together with the mitochondrial dynamics. Western blot assay also demonstrated a SMH-induced CEP-1 expression. Collectively, SMH acts as a prooxidant to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and causes mitohormesis to exert therapeutic effect based on the redox background of the recipients, and cep-1 was required for the mitochondrial hormetic responses. The results shed a light on the rational clinical anti-ageing applications of SMH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chengmu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Dong
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Tongren Road No. 29th, Chengxi District, Xining, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
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2
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Xing F, Hu Q, Qin Y, Xu J, Zhang B, Yu X, Wang W. The Relationship of Redox With Hallmarks of Cancer: The Importance of Homeostasis and Context. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862743. [PMID: 35530337 PMCID: PMC9072740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a lifelong pursuit of cancer cells. Depending on the context, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert paradoxical effects on cancers; an appropriate concentration stimulates tumorigenesis and supports the progression of cancer cells, while an excessive concentration leads to cell death. The upregulated antioxidant system in cancer cells limits ROS to a tumor-promoting level. In cancers, redox regulation interacts with tumor initiation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, the tumor microenvironment, therapies, and therapeutic resistance to facilitate cancer development. This review discusses redox control and the major hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Xing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Xianjun Yu, ; Bo Zhang,
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Xianjun Yu, ; Bo Zhang,
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Xianjun Yu, ; Bo Zhang,
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Rauf A, Akram M, Semwal P, Mujawah AAH, Muhammad N, Riaz Z, Munir N, Piotrovsky D, Vdovina I, Bouyahya A, Adetunji CO, Shariati MA, Almarhoon ZM, Mabkhot YN, Khan H. Antispasmodic Potential of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4889719. [PMID: 34804367 PMCID: PMC8601825 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4889719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of different types of diseases and disorders including gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. GI diseases are the most common complaints that normally affects the largest proportion of children and adolescents with overlapping clinical manifestation in diagnosis and medical needs. Drugs with antispasmodic effects are normally applied for the symptomatic treatment of contraction and cramping of smooth muscles in gastrointestinal diseases as well as in other critical clinical situations. In alternative system of medicines, the antispasmodic herbs played a significant role in the cure of GI diseases. These medicinal plants and their herbal products are used from generation to generation because of multiple nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The multiple uses might be attributed to the presence on biologically active chemical constitutes. The main aim of this review is to focus on the medicinal potential of plants possessing antispasmodic activities with their proposed mechanism of action. Several databases such as Google Scholar, Cochrane database, Scopus, and PubMed were used to search the relevant literature regarding "plants with antispasmodic activities." This present study highlights the updated and quantified information on several medicinal plants with antispasmodic activity like Zanthoxylum armatum, Matricaria chamomilla, Foeniculum vulgare, Pycnocycla spinosa, Atropa belladonna, Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha pulegium, Glycyrrhiza ularensis, Anethum graveolens, and Origanum majorana. Moreover, recent studies on other medicinal plant species also have been included in this review article. Additionally, the study also revealed that the active compounds of all these plants possess significant spasmolytic effect which is safest, efficacious, and cost effective as compared to the available synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun 248006, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adil A. H. Mujawah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zerfishan Riaz
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dmitry Piotrovsky
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., Moscow, 109004, Russia
| | - Irina Vdovina
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., Moscow, 109004, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, PMB 04, Auchi, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73, Zemlyanoy Val St., Moscow, 109004, Russia
| | - Zainab M. Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia N. Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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4
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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5
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Gerardi G, Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P. From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7427-7448. [PMID: 33951976 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wine pomace is the main winery by-products that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as a functional ingredient are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it is known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace and the mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms for maintaining the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gerardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Muñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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6
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Wang H, Cui G, Yu B, Sun M, Yang H. Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Colorectal Cancer and Targeted Therapies. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1979-1993. [PMID: 32268862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200408102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a sub-population of tumor cells found in many human cancers that are endowed with self-renewal and pluripotency. CSCs may be more resistant to conventional anticancer therapies than average cancer cells, as they can easily escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy, thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Despite significant progress in related research, effective elimination of CSCs remains an unmet clinical need. CSCs are localized in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, which plays a pivotal role in cancer multidrug resistance. The niche components of CSCs, such as the extracellular matrix, also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and presents a relatively transparent process of cancer initiation and development, making it an ideal model for CSC niche research. Here, we review recent advances in the field of CSCs using colorectal cancer as an example to illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CSC niche. These findings not only provide a novel theoretical basis for in-depth discussions on tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis evaluation, but also offer new strategies for the targeted treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guihua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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7
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Bendokas V, Stanys V, Mažeikienė I, Trumbeckaite S, Baniene R, Liobikas J. Anthocyanins: From the Field to the Antioxidants in the Body. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E819. [PMID: 32887513 PMCID: PMC7555562 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are biologically active water-soluble plant pigments that are responsible for blue, purple, and red colors in various plant parts-especially in fruits and blooms. Anthocyanins have attracted attention as natural food colorants to be used in yogurts, juices, marmalades, and bakery products. Numerous studies have also indicated the beneficial health effects of anthocyanins and their metabolites on human or animal organisms, including free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. Thus, our aim was to review the current knowledge about anthocyanin occurrence in plants, their stability during processing, and also the bioavailability and protective effects related to the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in human and animal brains, hearts, livers, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Bendokas
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Vidmantas Stanys
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ingrida Mažeikienė
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Baniene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Liobikas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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8
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Sayah K, El Omari N, Kharbach M, Bouyahya A, Kamal R, Marmouzi I, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. Comparative Study of Leaf and Rootstock Aqueous Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare on Chemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:8852570. [PMID: 32954350 PMCID: PMC7481954 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare is a medicinal plant used in Moroccan folk medicine to treat several diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic bioactive compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities of Foeniculum vulgare leaf and rootstock extracts. Phenolic compounds of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts were determined using HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radicals. Moreover, the in vitro antihyperglycemic effects were tested by measuring the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. HPLC-DAD-QTOFMS analysis identified thirty-two phenolic components in both leaf and rootstock extracts. Caffeic acid, quinic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the major compounds of F. vulgare leaf extract (FVLE), while the main compound of F. vulgare rootstock extracts (FVRE) was quinic acid. In the DPPH assay, F. vulgare leaf extract showed important antioxidant activity (IC50 = 12.16 ± 0.02 μg/mL) than F. vulgare rootstock extract (IC50 = 34.36 ± 0.09 μg/mL). Moreover, fennel leaf extracts revealed also the most powerful antioxidant activity (IC50 = 22.95 ± 0.4 μg/mL) in the ABTS assay. The in vitro antihyperglycemic activity showed that F. vulgare rootstock extract exhibited a remarkable inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 194.30 ± 4.8 μg/mL) of α-amylase compared with F. vulgare leaf extract (IC50 = 1026.50 ± 6.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, the inhibition of α-glucosidase was more importantly with F. vulgare rootstock (IC50 of 165.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL) than F. vulgare leaf extracts (203.80 ± 1.3 μg/mL). The funding of this study showed that F. vulgare rootstock and leaf extracts presented several phenolic compounds and showed important antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. We suggest that the identified molecules are responsible for the obtained activities. However, further studies focusing on the isolation and the determination of antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of F. vulgare rootstock and leaf main compounds are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Sayah
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rabie Kamal
- Pharmacodynamy Research Team ERP, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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González-Paramás AM, Brighenti V, Bertoni L, Marcelloni L, Ayuda-Durán B, González-Manzano S, Pellati F, Santos-Buelga C. Assessment of the In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of an Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E509. [PMID: 32531930 PMCID: PMC7346225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have been associated with several health benefits, although the responsible mechanisms are not well established yet. In the present study, an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was tested in order to evaluate its capacity to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resistance to thermally induced oxidative stress, using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. The assays were carried out with the wild-type N2 strain and the mutant strains daf-16(mu86) I and hsf-1(sy441), which were grown in the presence of two anthocyanin extract concentrations (5 and 10 μg/mL in the culture medium) and further subjected to thermal stress. The treatment with the anthocyanin extract at 5 μg/mL showed protective effects on the accumulation of ROS and increased thermal resistance in C. elegans, both in stressed and non-stressed young and aged worms. However, detrimental effects were observed in nematodes treated with 10 μg/mL, leading to a higher worm mortality rate compared to controls, which was interpreted as a hormetic response. These findings suggested that the effects of the bilberry extract on C. elegans might not rely on its direct antioxidant capacity, but other mechanisms could also be involved. Additional assays were performed in two mutant strains with loss-of-function for DAF-16 (abnormal DAuer Formation factor 16) and HSF-1 (Heat Shock Factor 1) transcription factors, which act downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. The results indicated that the modulation of these factors could be behind the improvement in the resistance against thermal stress produced by bilberry anthocyanins in young individuals, whereas they do not totally explain the effects produced in worms in the post-reproductive development stage. Further experiments are needed to continue uncovering the mechanisms behind the biological effects of anthocyanins in living organisms, as well as to establish whether they fall within the hormesis concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.G.-P.); (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.)
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Marcelloni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.G.-P.); (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.)
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.G.-P.); (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.)
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (L.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.M.G.-P.); (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.)
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10
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Interaction of Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata Methanol Extract and First-Line Antibiotics is Synergistic In Vitro through Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:4087394. [PMID: 32328113 PMCID: PMC7168707 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4087394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence of antibacterial resistance in microorganisms, combining natural products from plants with antibiotics may be considered interesting alternatives for synergy to attain multitarget effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ziziphus mucronata and its interactions with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance were investigated. While its phytochemicals and antioxidant activities were determined by free radical scavenging assays, the antibacterial activities of the extract and its interactions with the antibiotics were determined by macrobroth dilution and the checkerboard methods. From the results, total phenolic content was 29.67 ± 1.90 mg GAE/100 g, total flavonoid content was 8.72 ± 0.08 mg QE/100 g, and total proanthocyanidin content was 1.94 ± 0.00 mg CE/100 g of dry plant material. The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of DPPH, BHT, and ascorbic acid was equal to 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. Those of the ABTS, BHT, and ascorbic acid were equal to 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The checkerboard assay showed that combining the extract with different antibiotics resulted in synergistic (38.75%), indifferent (30%), additive (28.75%), and antagonistic (2.5%) interactions. The interactions between the extract and antibiotics resulting in enhanced antibacterial activities could have resulted from the antioxidant activities of the extract mopping up the ROS generated by the antibiotics or the ability of both extract and antibiotics simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species with deleterious effects resulting in synergistic antibacterial effects.
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11
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González-Paramás AM, Ayuda-Durán B, Martínez S, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C. The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6976-6990. [PMID: 29984643 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180706104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated, including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics, from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of flavonoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Martínez
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Apium Plants: Beyond Simple Food and Phytopharmacological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apium plants belong to the Apiaceae family and are included among plants that have been in use in traditional medicine for thousands of years worldwide, including in the Mediterranean, as well as the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Some highlighted medical benefits include prevention of coronary and vascular diseases. Their phytochemical constituents consist of bergapten, flavonoids, glycosides, furanocoumarins, furocoumarin, limonene, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and selinene. Some of their pharmacological properties include anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, nematocidal, anti-rheumatism, antiasthma, anti-bronchitis, hepatoprotective, appetizer, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, breast milk inducer, anti-jaundice, antihypertensive, anti-dysmenorrhea, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and spermatogenesis induction. The present review summarizes data on ecology, botany, cultivation, habitat, medicinal use, phytochemical composition, preclinical and clinical pharmacological efficacy of Apium plants and provides future direction on how to take full advantage of Apium plants for the optimal benefit to mankind.
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Xiong LG, Pan LY, Gong YS, Huang JA, Liu ZH. Fuzhuan Tea protects Caenorhabditis elegans from glucose and advanced glycation end products via distinct pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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14
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de Torre MP, Cavero RY, Calvo MI, Vizmanos JL. A Simple and a Reliable Method to Quantify Antioxidant Activity In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E142. [PMID: 31121854 PMCID: PMC6562907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of compounds with antioxidant activity is of great interest due to their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species production and, therefore, prevent some age-related diseases. Its antioxidant capacity can be analyzed by different methods both in vitro and in vivo. Caenorhabditis elegans is an in vivo model widely used in ageing research. Until now, available tests analyze functional effects in the worms, so the antioxidant activity of the compound is indirectly monitored. We have developed a simple and a reliable method to quantify internal antioxidant activity in vivo. To validate this method, we analyzed an aqueous green tea extract and two other compounds with a well-known antioxidant activity and without this activity. The results obtained (EC50 green tea = 21.76 ± 1.28 µg/mL; EC50 positive control = 8.50 ± 0.33 µg/mL; negative control EC50 > 500 µg/mL) can help in the design of further in vivo experiments. Thus, our method can be used as a previous screening capable of reducing the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar de Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Rita Yolanda Cavero
- Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Calvo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Pasteurized Orange Juice Rich in Carotenoids Protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Oxidative Stress and β-Amyloid Toxicity through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5046280. [PMID: 31178963 PMCID: PMC6501168 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5046280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
‘Cara Cara' is a red orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) variety originally from Venezuela characterized by a significantly higher and diversified carotenoid content including higher-concentration lycopene, all-E-β-carotene, phytoene, and other carotenoids when compared with the carotenoid profile of its isogenic blond counterpart ‘Bahia', also known as Washington navel. The exceptionally high carotenoid content of ‘Cara Cara' is of special interest due to its neuroprotective potential. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the antioxidant effect and the protection against β-amyloid-induced toxicity of pasteurized orange juice (POJ) obtained from ‘Cara Cara' and compare to that from ‘Bahia'. POJ treatment reduced the endogenous ROS levels and increased the worm's survival rate under normal and oxidative stress conditions. POJ treatment also upregulated the expression of antioxidant (gcs-1, gst-4, and sod-3) and chaperonin (hsp-16.2) genes. Remarkably, ROS reduction, gene expression activation, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity extension were significantly increased in the animals treated with ‘Cara Cara' orange juice compared to animals treated with ‘Bahia' orange juice. Furthermore, the body paralysis induced by β-amyloid peptide was delayed by both POJs but the mean paralysis time for the worms treated with ‘Cara Cara' orange juice was significantly higher compared to ‘Bahia' orange juice. Our mechanistic studies indicated that POJ-reduced ROS levels are primarily a result of the direct scavenging action of natural compounds available in the orange juice. Moreover, POJ-induced gst-4::GFP expression and –increased stress resistance was dependent of the SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor. Finally, the transcription factors SKN-1, DAF-16, and HSF-1 were required for the POJ-mediated protective effect against Aβ toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that orange juice from ‘Cara Cara' induced a stronger response against oxidative stress and β-amyloid toxicity compared to orange juice from ‘Bahia' possibly due to its higher carotenoid content.
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Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Oludemi T, Ayuda-Durán B, González-Manzano S. Plant phenolics as functional food ingredients. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:183-257. [PMID: 31445596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have attracted much attention in recent times as their dietary intake has been associated with the prevention of some chronic and degenerative diseases that constitute major causes of death and incapacity in developed countries, such as cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, some types of cancers or neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nowadays it is considered that these compounds contribute, at least in part, for the protective effects of fruit and vegetable-rich diets, so that the study of their role in human nutrition has become a central issue in food research. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the phenolic compounds as food components, namely their occurrence in the diet, bioavailability and metabolism, biological activities and mechanisms of action. Besides, the approaches for their extraction from plant matrices and technological improvements regarding their preparation, stability and bioavailability in order to be used as functional food ingredients are also reviewed, as well as their legal situation regarding the possibility of making "health claims" based on their presence in food and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana M González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Taofiq Oludemi
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Antioxidant Characterization and Biological Effects of Grape Pomace Extracts Supplementation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Foods 2019; 8:foods8020075. [PMID: 30781355 PMCID: PMC6406641 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the biological activity of four grape pomace (GP) extracts that are rich in polyphenols using C. elegans as an in vivo model. Different concentrations of the GP extracts were assessed for their effects on the resistance of C. elegans against thermally induced oxidative stress, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lifespan. The cultivation of C. elegans with relatively low concentrations of GP extracts increased their resistance against thermal stress and prolonged their lifespan, while high levels displayed detrimental effects. In the studied extracts, maximum protection was observed for levels of polyphenols around 7 to 9 µg gallic acid equivalents per cultivation plate. The obtained results suggested that small changes in the ROS levels could have beneficial effects, although further studies are required to fully understand the impact of the extracts and assayed doses on ROS levels to explain the mechanism that is involved in the observed effects.
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18
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Fu J, Wu Z, Zhang L. Clinical applications of the naturally occurring or synthetic glycosylated low molecular weight drugs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:487-522. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Cardenolides: Insights from chemical structure and pharmacological utility. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:123-175. [PMID: 30579976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of naturally occurring steroid-like compounds, and members of this class have been in clinical use for more than 1500 years. They have been used in folk medicine as arrow poisons, abortifacients, heart tonics, emetics, and diuretics as well as in other applications. The major use of CGs today is based on their ability to inhibit the membrane-bound Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme, and they are regarded as an effective treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, increasing evidence has indicated the potential cytotoxic effects of CGs against various types of cancer. In this review, we highlight some of the structural features of this class of natural products that are crucial for their efficacy, some methods of isolating these compounds from natural resources, and the structural elucidation tools that have been used. We also describe their physicochemical properties and several modern biotechnological approaches for preparing CGs that do not require plant sources.
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20
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Kooti W, Daraei N. A Review of the Antioxidant Activity of Celery ( Apium graveolens L). J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:1029-1034. [PMID: 28701046 PMCID: PMC5871295 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217717415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are an important source of natural active products that are different, based on mechanism and biological properties. Celery (Apium graveolens L) is a plant from the apiaceae family and phenolic and antioxidant compounds of this plant have been studied by several scientists. The aim of this study was to review systematically the antioxidant activity of celery. Required articles were searched from databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Springer. Keywords used in this study were Apium graveolens L, celery, antioxidant, free radical, leaf, and seed. Out of 980 collected articles (published in the period 1997-2015), 9 studies finally met the inclusion criteria and were considered. Celery, because of compounds such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, apigenin, luteolin, tannin, saponin, and kaempferol, has powerful antioxidant characteristics, to remove free radicals. It is clear that celery, with different compounds and diverse concentration can have varied healing effects. It is suggested that the next studies concentrate on other therapeutic and industrial attributes of celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Kooti
- 1 Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Daraei
- 2 Student Research Committe, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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21
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Wu S, Yano S, Chen J, Hisanaga A, Sakao K, He X, He J, Hou DX. Polyphenols from Lonicera caerulea L. Berry Inhibit LPS-Induced Inflammation through Dual Modulation of Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mediators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5133-5141. [PMID: 28573848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera caerulea L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) are considered as major components for bioactivity. This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by monitoring inflammatory and antioxidant mediator actions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse paw edema and macrophage cell model. LCBP significantly attenuated LPS-induced paw edema (3.0 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05) serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, 100.9 ± 2.3 to 58.3 ± 14.5 ng/mL), interleukin (IL)-10 (1596.1 ± 424.3 to 709.7 ± 65.7 pg/mL), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (1761.9 ± 208.3 to 1369.1 ± 56.4 pg/mL), IL-6 (1262.8 ± 71.7 to 499.0 ± 67.1 pg/mL), IL-4 (93.3 ± 25.7 to 50.7 ± 12.5 pg/mL), IL-12(p-70) (580.4 ± 132.0 to 315.2 ± 35.1 pg/mL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 2045.5 ± 264.9 to 1270.7 ± 158.6 pg/mL). Cell signaling analysis revealed that LCBP inhibited transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1 (TAK1)-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in earlier response. Moreover, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and (-)-epicatechin (EC), two major components of LCBP, directly bound to TAK1. These data demonstrated that LCBP might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation by modulating both inflammatory and antioxidant mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Wu
- Core Research Program 1515, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Satoshi Yano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ayami Hisanaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Xi He
- Core Research Program 1515, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Core Research Program 1515, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Core Research Program 1515, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University , Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Ramanauskiene K, Raudonis R, Majiene D. Rosmarinic Acid and Melissa officinalis Extracts Differently Affect Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1564257. [PMID: 27688825 PMCID: PMC5027300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1564257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) has many biological effects but especially important is its neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study is to produce different extracts of Melissa officinalis and analyse their chemical composition and biological properties on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. Results revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the predominant compound of lemon balm extracts. RA has cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells (LC50 290.5 μM after the incubation of 24 h and LC50 171.3 μM after 48 h). RA at concentration 80-130 μM suppresses the cell proliferation and has an antioxidant effect. 200 μM and higher concentrations of RA have a prooxidant effect and initiate cell death through necrosis. The aqueous extract of lemon balm is also enriched in phenolic compounds: protocatechuic, caftaric, caffeic, ferulic, and cichoric acids and flavonoid luteolin-7-glucoside. This extract at concentrations 50 μM-200 μM RA has cytotoxic activity and initiates cell death through apoptosis. Extracts prepared with 70% ethanol contain the biggest amount of active compounds. These extracts have the highest cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma cells. They initiate generation of intracellular ROS and cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Our data suggest that differently prepared lemon balm extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents in several therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Raudonis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Majiene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Structural Aspects of Antioxidant and Genotoxic Activities of Two Flavonoids Obtained from Ethanolic Extract of Combretum leprosum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9849134. [PMID: 27478483 PMCID: PMC4949345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9849134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart., a member of the Combretaceae family, is a traditionally used Brazilian medicinal plant, although no evidence in the literature substantiates its antioxidant action and the safety of its use. We evaluated the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) from flowers of C. leprosum and its isolated products 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (FCL2) and 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (FCL5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains proficient and deficient in antioxidant defenses. Their mutagenic activity was also assayed in S. cerevisiae, whereas cytotoxic and genotoxic properties were evaluated by MTT and Comet Assays, respectively, in V79 cells. We show that the EE, FCL2, and FCL5 have a significant protective effect against H2O2. FCL2 showed a better antioxidant action, which can be related to the activation of the 3′-OH in the presence of a methoxyl group at 4′ position in the B-ring of the molecule, while flavonoids did not induce mutagenesis in yeast, and the EE was mutagenic at high concentrations. The toxicity of these compounds in V79 cells increases from FCL2 = FCL5 < EE; although not cytotoxic, FCL5 induced an increase in DNA damage. The antioxidant effect, along with the lower toxicity and the absence of genotoxicity, suggests that FCL2 could be suitable for pharmacological use.
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Li H, He J, Li F, Zhang Z, Li R, Su J, Zhang J, Yang B. Application of NIR and MIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of antioxidant activity of Radix Scutellariae from different geographical regions. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:73-80. [PMID: 26582079 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The beneficial health effects of traditional Chinese medicines are often attributed to their potent antioxidant activities, usually established in vitro. However, these wet chemical methods for determining antioxidant activities are time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to establish a rapid determination of antioxidant activity of Radix Scutellariae using near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of Radix Scutellariae were measured by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The same sample was then scanned using NIR and MIR spectroscopy. Chemometrics analysis using partial least-squares (PLS) regression was performed to establish the models for predicting the antioxidant activities of Radix Scutellariae. RESULTS A better predictive performance was achieved using PLS models based on NIR data. The determination coefficient (R(2)) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) for the validation set were 0.9298 and 2.84 for DPPH, and 0.9436 and 2.66 for TFCs, respectively. MIR-PLS algorithms gave a slightly lower reliability (R(2) = 0.9090 and 0.9374, RPD = 2.01 and 2.42, for DPPH and TFC, respectively). Very comparable results for ORAC were obtained with the two methods. CONCLUSION The developed spectroscopic method can be successfully applied in high-throughput screening of the antioxidant capability of Radix Scutellariae samples. It can also be a viable and advantageous alternative to laborious chemical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingxia He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Raorao Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jianchun Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jidan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Hernández-Salinas R, Decap V, Leguina A, Cáceres P, Perez D, Urquiaga I, Iturriaga R, Velarde V. Antioxidant and anti hyperglycemic role of wine grape powder in rats fed with a high fructose diet. Biol Res 2015; 48:53. [PMID: 26420015 PMCID: PMC4588460 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a growing worldwide health problem. We evaluated the effects of wine grape powder (WGP), rich in antioxidants and fiber, in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high fructose diet. We tested whether WGP supplementation may prevent glucose intolerance and decrease oxidative stress in rats fed with a high fructose diet. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 180 g were divided into four groups according to their feeding protocols. Rats were fed with control diet (C), control plus 20 % WGP (C + WGP), 50 % high fructose (HF) or 50 % fructose plus 20 % WGP (HF + WGP) for 16 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides, weight, and arterial blood pressure were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was calculated using insulin and glucose values. A glucose tolerance test was performed 2 days before the end of the experiment. As an index of oxidative stress, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level was measured in plasma and kidney, and superoxide dismutase was measured in the kidney. Results Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma and renal tissue were significantly higher when compared to the control group. In addition, the area under the curve of the glucose tolerance test was higher in HF fed animals. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin levels, and the HOMA index, were also increased. WGP supplementation prevented these alterations in rats fed with the HF diet. We did not find any significant difference in body weight or systolic blood pressure in any of the groups. Conclusions Our results show that WGP supplementation prevented hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and reduced oxidative stress in rats fed with HF diet. We propose that WGP may be used as a supplement in human food as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hernández-Salinas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Valerie Decap
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto Leguina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricio Cáceres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Druso Perez
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ines Urquiaga
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Victoria Velarde
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Xiong LG, Huang JA, Li J, Yu PH, Xiong Z, Zhang JW, Gong YS, Liu ZH, Chen JH. Black tea increased survival of Caenorhabditis elegans under stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11163-11169. [PMID: 25345740 DOI: 10.1021/jf503120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts (BTE) in Caenorhabditis elegans under various abiotic stressors. Results showed BTE increased nematode resistance to osmosis, heat, and UV irradiation treatments. However, BTE could not increase nematodes' lifespan under normal culture conditions and MnCl2-induced toxicity at concentrations we used. Further studies showed that BTE decreased reactive oxygen species and up-regulated some antioxidant enzymes, including GSH-PX, and genes, such as gsh-px and sod-3. However, only a slight extension in mev-1 mutants mean lifespan was observed without significance. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of BTE might be necessary but not sufficient to protect against aging to C. elegans. Moreover, BTE increased the mRNA level of stress-response genes such as sir-2.1 and sek-1. Our finding demonstrated BTE might increase heat and UV stress resistance in a sir.2.1-dependent manner. Taken together, BTE enhanced stress resistance with multiple mechanisms in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Roberts ERH, Vujaskovic Z, Leong KW, Spasojevic I. SOD therapeutics: latest insights into their structure-activity relationships and impact on the cellular redox-based signaling pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2372-415. [PMID: 23875805 PMCID: PMC4005498 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are indispensable and ubiquitous antioxidant defenses maintaining the steady-state levels of O2·(-); no wonder, thus, that their mimics are remarkably efficacious in essentially any animal model of oxidative stress injuries thus far explored. RECENT ADVANCES Structure-activity relationship (half-wave reduction potential [E1/2] versus log kcat), originally reported for Mn porphyrins (MnPs), is valid for any other class of SOD mimics, as it is dominated by the superoxide reduction and oxidation potential. The biocompatible E1/2 of ∼+300 mV versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) allows powerful SOD mimics as mild oxidants and antioxidants (alike O2·(-)) to readily traffic electrons among reactive species and signaling proteins, serving as fine mediators of redox-based signaling pathways. Based on similar thermodynamics, both SOD enzymes and their mimics undergo similar reactions, however, due to vastly different sterics, with different rate constants. CRITICAL ISSUES Although log kcat(O2·(-)) is a good measure of therapeutic potential of SOD mimics, discussions of their in vivo mechanisms of actions remain mostly of speculative character. Most recently, the therapeutic and mechanistic relevance of oxidation of ascorbate and glutathionylation and oxidation of protein thiols by MnP-based SOD mimics and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor κB has been substantiated in rescuing normal and killing cancer cells. Interaction of MnPs with thiols seems to be, at least in part, involved in up-regulation of endogenous antioxidative defenses, leading to the healing of diseased cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mechanistic explorations of single and combined therapeutic strategies, along with studies of bioavailability and translational aspects, will comprise future work in optimizing redox-active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emily R. H. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Kingdom
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
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Samoilova Z, Muzyka N, Lepekhina E, Oktyabrsky O, Smirnova G. Medicinal plant extracts can variously modify biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:709-22. [PMID: 24500005 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low concentrations of black tea and water extracts from medicinal plants Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Tilia cordata, Betula pendula and Zea mays stimulated biofilm formation in Escherichia coli BW25113 up to three times. Similar effect was observed for tannic acid and low concentrations of quercetin. In contrast, the extract from Urtica dioica reduced biofilm production. Pretreatment with plant extracts variously modified antibiotic effects on specific biofilm formation (SBF). Extract from V. vitis-idaea increased SBF, while the extracts from Achillea millefolium, Laminaria japonica and U. dioica considerably decreased SBF in the presence of ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and cefotaxime. Stimulatory effect of the extracts and pure polyphenols on biofilm formation was probably related to their prooxidant properties. The rpoS deletion did not affect SBF significantly, but stimulation of biofilm formation by the compounds tested was accompanied by inhibition of rpoS expression, suggesting that a RpoS-independent signal transduction pathway was apparently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Samoilova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm, 614081, Russia
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Arya A, Sethy NK, Singh SK, Das M, Bhargava K. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protect rodent lungs from hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4507-20. [PMID: 24294000 PMCID: PMC3839803 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are effective at quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell culture and animal models. Although nanoceria reportedly deposit in lungs, their efficacy in conferring lung protection during oxidative stress remains unexplored. Thus, the study evaluated the protective efficacy of nanoceria in rat lung tissue during hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS A total of 48 animals were randomly divided into four equal groups (control [C], nanoceria treated [T], hypoxia [H], and nanoceria treated plus hypoxia [T+H]). Animals were injected intraperitoneally with either a dose of 0.5 μg/kg body weight/week of nanoceria (T and T+H groups) or vehicle (C and H groups) for 5 weeks. After the final dose, H and T+H animals were challenged with hypobaric hypoxia, while C and T animals were maintained at normoxia. Lungs were isolated and homogenate was obtained for analysis of ROS, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein carbonylation, and 4-hydroxynonenal-adduct formation. Plasma was used for estimating major inflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intact lung tissues were fixed and both transmission electron microscopy and histopathological examinations were carried out separately for detecting internalization of nanoparticles as well as altered lung morphology. RESULTS Spherical nanoceria of 7-10 nm diameter were synthesized using a microemulsion method, and the lung protective efficacy of the nanoceria evaluated during hypobaric hypoxia. With repeated intraperitoneal injections of low micromole concentration, we successfully localized the nanoceria in rodent lung without any inflammatory response. The lung-deposited nanoceria limited ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione oxidation, and prevented oxidative protein modifications like nitration and carbonyl formation during hypobaric hypoxia. We also observed reduced lung inflammation in the nanoceria-injected lungs, supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of nanoceria. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, these results suggest nanoceria deposit in lungs, confer protection by quenching noxious free radicals during hypobaric hypoxia, and do not evoke any inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arya
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
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Dueñas M, Surco-Laos F, González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Gómez-Orte E, Cabello J, Santos-Buelga C. Deglycosylation is a key step in biotransformation and lifespan effects of quercetin-3-O-glucoside in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cosmos caudatus as a potential source of polyphenolic compounds: optimisation of oven drying conditions and characterisation of its functional properties. Molecules 2013; 18:10452-64. [PMID: 23994970 PMCID: PMC6270166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of oven thermal processing of Cosmos caudatus on the total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of two different solvent extracts (80% methanol, and 80% ethanol). Sonication was used to extract bioactive compounds from this herb. The results showed that the optimised conditions for the oven drying method for 80% methanol and 80% ethanol were 44.5 °C for 4 h with an IC50 of 0.045 mg/mL and 43.12 °C for 4.05 h with an IC50 of 0.055 mg/mL, respectively. The predicted values for TPC under the optimised conditions for 80% methanol and 80% ethanol were 16.5 and15.8 mg GAE/100 g DW, respectively. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that Cosmos caudatus can be used as a potential source of antioxidants for food and medicinal applications.
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Samoilova Z, Smirnova G, Muzyka N, Oktyabrsky O. Medicinal plant extracts variously modulate susceptibility of Escherichia coli to different antibiotics. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:307-13. [PMID: 23916388 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of green and black tea and extracts of medicinal plants and their ability to modulate antibiotic susceptibility in Escherichia coli were studied. Among a number of extracts tested the maximal capacity to scavenge DPPH radicals and chelate iron in chemical tests was found in green and black tea, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Vaccinium vitis-idaea. These extracts contained high level of polyphenols and in aerobic conditions exhibited prooxidant features, producing H2O2 and inducing expression of the katG gene encoding catalase HPI in E. coli cells. A good correlation between the polyphenol content and the ability of extracts to protect bacteria against peroxide stress was observed (r = 0.88). Polyphenol-rich extracts and iron chelators demonstrated the highest modulating effect on the antibiotic susceptibility by changing the time period before lysis started and by influencing the colony-forming ability of bacteria. The direction of the modulating effect was dependent on nature of antibiotic applied: under treatment with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin the extracts predominantly provided protective effects, while under treatment with kanamycin a bactericidal action was enhanced. Mechanism of modulating action of extracts on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility probably involves antioxidant, preferentially iron-chelating, or prooxidant properties of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Samoilova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Galina Smirnova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Nadezda Muzyka
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Oleg Oktyabrsky
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Goleva 13, Perm 614081, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky pr. 29, Perm 614990, Russia.
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Validation of antimycobacterial plants used by traditional healers in three districts of the limpopo province (South Africa). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:586247. [PMID: 23956776 PMCID: PMC3728536 DOI: 10.1155/2013/586247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to scientifically evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of selected indigenous medicinal plants from the Limpopo Province used for the treatment of humans with symptoms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The leaves of five plant species (Apodytes dimidiata, Artemisia, Combretum hereroense, Lippia javanica, and Zanthoxylum capense) were collected from the Lowveld National Botanical Garden in Nelspruit, South Africa. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted using hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol. Antimycobacterial activity was evaluated using microdilution assay and bioautography and ρ-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) as indicator. Antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phytochemical content of extracts was further evaluated. The acetone extracts of L. javanica displayed antioxidant activity on BEA chromatogram. T Acetone extracts of A. afra had MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 1441. Acetone extracts of C. hereroense and L. javanica had MIC value of 0.47 mg/mL. Four bands that inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis were observed at Rf values of 0.12, 0.63, and 0.87 on BEA and 0.73 on EMW. The plant species A. dimidiata, A. afra, C. hereroense, and L. javanica in this study demonstrated their potential as sources of anti-TB drug leads.
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Jara-Palacios MJ, González-Manzano S, Escudero-Gilete ML, Hernanz D, Dueñas M, González-Paramás AM, Heredia FJ, Santos-Buelga C. Study of zalema grape pomace: phenolic composition and biological effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5114-5121. [PMID: 23639176 DOI: 10.1021/jf400795s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of the extractable fraction of Zalema grape pomace has been analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS and consisted of mainly flavanols and flavonols (122.75 and 23.11 mg/100 g dry pomace, respectively). The antioxidant activity has been determined by in vitro FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays (11.7, 34.9, and 63.6 mmol of Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g of dry pomace, respectively) and in vivo using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Cultivation of C. elegans in media containing 100 μg/mL dry pomace extract increased the survival of worms submitted to thermally induced oxidative stress, whereas a decrease in the rate of worm survival was found for 300 μg/mL extract. Interestingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly decreased in stressed worms treated with the pomace extract at the two concentration levels. Further studies are required to explain this unexpected behavior, as well as to determine the compounds and mechanisms involved in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Jara-Palacios
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Tuberoso CIG, Boban M, Bifulco E, Budimir D, Pirisi FM. Antioxidant capacity and vasodilatory properties of Mediterranean food: the case of Cannonau wine, myrtle berries liqueur and strawberry-tree honey. Food Chem 2012; 140:686-91. [PMID: 23692754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use different assays to evaluate the antioxidant and vasodilatory properties of three typical food products from the Mediterranean area and to correlate these activities with their phenolic content. For this purpose, red wines Cannonau, liqueurs obtained by cold maceration of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) berries and bitter honeys obtained from strawberry-tree flowers (Arbutus unedo L.) were analysed. The total phenolic (TP) content was measured spectrophotometrically with a modified Folin-Ciocalteau method and phenolic compounds were identified and dosed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities were evaluated with DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays and the in vitro vasodilatory effects were assessed using norepinephrine precontracted rat aortic rings. Cannonau wines and myrtle liqueurs showed high levels of TP (1978±279 and 1741±150mg GAE/L, respectively), linearly correlated to the results of FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays. Their maximal vasodilatory activity was 61.7±4.1% and 53.0±3.0%, respectively. Although strawberry-tree honey contained relatively high levels of phenolic compounds (922±38mg GAE/kg), it did not induce vasodilation, even at the highest dose tested (0.206g/L). These results indicate that foods with high levels of phenolic compounds should be studied using several different biological assays before being recommended to the general public as functional foods.
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Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and metabolic modulators as pharmacological interventions to slow ageing. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:563-92. [PMID: 23022622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Populations in many nations today are rapidly ageing. This unprecedented demographic change represents one of the main challenges of our time. A defining property of the ageing process is a marked increase in the risk of mortality and morbidity with age. The incidence of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases increases non-linearly, sometimes exponentially with age. One of the most important tasks in biogerontology is to develop interventions leading to an increase in healthy lifespan (health span), and a better understanding of basic mechanisms underlying the ageing process itself may lead to interventions able to delay or prevent many or even all age-dependent conditions. One of the putative basic mechanisms of ageing is age-dependent mitochondrial deterioration, closely associated with damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Given the central role that mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction play not only in ageing but also in apoptosis, cancer, neurodegeneration and other age-related diseases there is great interest in approaches to protect mitochondria from ROS-mediated damage. In this review, we explore strategies of targeting mitochondria to reduce mitochondrial oxidative damage with the aim of preventing or delaying age-dependent decline in mitochondrial function and some of the resulting pathologies. We discuss mitochondria-targeted and -localized antioxidants (e.g.: MitoQ, SkQ, ergothioneine), mitochondrial metabolic modulators (e.g. dichloroacetic acid), and uncouplers (e.g.: uncoupling proteins, dinitrophenol) as well as some alternative future approaches for targeting compounds to the mitochondria, including advances from nanotechnology.
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González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Delgado L, Patianna S, Surco-Laos F, Dueñas M, Santos-Buelga C. Oxidative status of stressed Caenorhabditis elegans treated with epicatechin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8911-8916. [PMID: 22651237 DOI: 10.1021/jf3004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the mechanisms involved in the in vivo antioxidant effects of epicatechin (EC), a major flavonoid in the human diet. The influence of EC in different oxidative biomarkers (reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione, activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was studied in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Under thermal stress condition, exposure of the worms (wild type N2 strains) to EC (200 μM) significantly reduced ROS levels (up to 28%) and enhanced the production of reduced glutathione (GSH). However, no significant changes were appreciated in the activities of GPx, CAT, and SOD, suggesting that further activation of these antioxidant enzymes was not required once the concentration of ROS in the EC-treated worms was restored to what could be considered physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Eom Y, Oh J, Kim SW, Huh K. Systemic factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy in Koreans. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2012; 26:260-4. [PMID: 22870024 PMCID: PMC3408530 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2012.26.4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate systemic factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 113 Korean patients who were diagnosed with CSC and who underwent history taking with a specialized questionnaire for CSC. They were matched for age and gender at a ratio of 1 : 3 to 339 normal controls. Normal controls were consecutively selected from a database at the Health Promotion Center. General characteristics and medical histories were compared between the two groups. The statistical analyses used included independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were 90 men and 23 women in the CSC group, and the male-female ratio for both groups was 3.9 : 1. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years. In multivariate analysis, hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.327; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.349-4.013), use of medicinal plants (OR, 2.198; 95% CI, 1.193-4.049), sleep disturbances (OR, 1.732; 95% CI, 1.096-2.739), and snoring (OR, 1.727; 95% CI, 1.058-2.820) were strongly associated with CSC. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension, sleep disturbance, snoring, and medicinal plant use were identified as factors associated with CSC. Expanded history taking, including systemic factors and culture-specific behavior related to stress or fatigue such as use of medicinal plants, will be helpful in identifying Korean patients at an increased risk for CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Eom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. J Herb Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Surco-Laos F, Dueñas M, González-Manzano S, Cabello J, Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM. Influence of catechins and their methylated metabolites on lifespan and resistance to oxidative and thermal stress of Caenorhabditis elegans and epicatechin uptake. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Antioxidant content and activity of the Indian fresh-water pearl mussel in the prevention of arthritis in an experimental animal model. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1346-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The flesh of the Indian fresh-water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (LM; Lamarck, 1819), is the byproduct of pearl culture and a cheap protein source. The present study investigated the antioxidant content of this ethnomedicinally cited species to outline its importance in food security and disease prevention. LM was found to be rich in polyphenol antioxidants with good correlation with its reducing capacity. LM also showed a significant free-radical-scavenging activity, H2O2-scavenging activity and Fe-chelating activity. To study the effect of this dietary antioxidant against oxidative stress, we took inflammatory arthritis as a model. LM-treated arthritis rats showed a higher antioxidant defence system with elevated superoxide dismutase, total thiol, glutathione S transferase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant status and catalase concentration of haemolysate. Oxidative stress markers like serum thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, methyl glyoxal, NO and total oxidant status levels were decreased in LM-treated arthritis rats. Hence, the dietary antioxidants of LM were found to be effective in the prevention of oxidative stress in inflammatory arthritis. In conclusion, LM, the cash-crop byproduct, provides a rare opportunity for income and nutrition, not only by providing cheap and available energy, protein and dietary factors, but also by providing antioxidants effective against chronic inflammatory disease.
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Erlank H, Elmann A, Kohen R, Kanner J. Polyphenols activate Nrf2 in astrocytes via H2O2, semiquinones, and quinones. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2319-27. [PMID: 22037513 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which occur both in edible plants and in foodstuff, have been reported to exert a wide range of health effects; however, the mechanism of action of these molecules is not fully understood. One important cellular pathway affected by polyphenols is the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 via the electrophile response element, which mediates generation of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes. Our study found that Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were increased significantly after treatment of astrocytes with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), resveratrol, or curcumin, at 20-50μM. Incubation of tBHQ, resveratrol, and curcumin in the growth medium in the absence of astrocytes caused the accumulation of H(2)O(2). Treatment of cells with either glutathione or metmyoglobin was found to decrease Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity induced by polyphenols by up to 40 and 60%, respectively. Addition of both glutathione and metmyoglobin to growth medium decreased Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity by up to 100 and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, because metmyoglobin, in the presence of polyphenols and glutathione, is known to interact with H(2)O(2), semiquinones, and quinones, the up-regulation of the antioxidant defense of the cells through activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, paradoxically, occurs via the generation of H(2)O(2) and polyphenol-oxidized species generated from the exogenous microenvironment of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Erlank
- Department of Food Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
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Surco-Laos F, Cabello J, Gómez-Orte E, González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Santos-Buelga C, Dueñas M. Effects of O-methylated metabolites of quercetin on oxidative stress, thermotolerance, lifespan and bioavailability on Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2011; 2:445-56. [PMID: 21776484 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a major flavonoid in the human diet and the most commonly used in studies of biological activity. Most of the knowledge about its biological effects has originated from in vitro studies while in vivo data are scarce. Quercetin mostly occurs in foodstuffs as glycosides that are deglycosylated during absorption and further submitted to different conjugation reactions. Methylation to isorhamnetin (quercetin 3'-O-methylether) or tamarixetin (quercetin 4'-O-methylether) seems to be an important conjugation process in quercetin metabolism. In this work, the effects of quercetin and its 3'- and 4'-O-methylated metabolites on the phenotypic characteristics, stress oxidative resistance, thermotolerance and lifespan of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have been assessed. The three assayed flavonols significantly prolonged the lifespan of this nematode with an increase from 11% to 16% in the mean lifespan with respect to controls. However, only quercetin significantly increased the reproductive capacity of the worm and enlarged the body size. Exposure to the assayed flavonols also increased significantly the resistance against thermal and juglone-induced oxidative stress, although differences were found depending on the stage of development of the worm. Thus, quercetin offered greater protection when thermal stress was applied in the 1st day of adulthood, whereas tamarixetin was more efficient in worms submitted to stress in the 6th day of adulthood. Similarly, significantly greater protection was provided by quercetin than by its methylated derivatives at the 1st day of adulthood, whilst quercetin and isorhamnetin were equally efficient when the oxidative stress was induced in the 6th of day of adulthood. Further evidence of antioxidant protection was obtained checking the oxidation status of proteins by the OxyBlot™ detection kit. Analyses by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS confirmed that the three flavonols were taken up by C. elegans leading to the formation of some glycosylated, sulfated and methylated metabolites, and that demethylation of these latter to quercetin was also produced. Quantification of the levels of quercetin, isorhamnetin and tamarixetin, as well as their detected metabolites indicated a greater uptake of quercetin than its methylated derivatives by the nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Surco-Laos
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Hou DX, Masuzaki S, Tanigawa S, Hashimoto F, Chen J, Sogo T, Fujii M. Oolong tea theasinensins attenuate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12735-12743. [PMID: 21082860 DOI: 10.1021/jf103605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oolong tea theasinensins are a group of tea polyphenols different from green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins. The present study reports the inhibitory effects of oolong tea theasinensins on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW264 cells. The structure-activity data revealed that the galloyl moiety of theasinensins played an important role in the inhibitory actions. Theasinensin A, a more potent inhibitor, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of mRNA, protein, and promoter activity of COX-2. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that theasinensin A reduced the complex of NF-κB- and AP-1-DNA in the promoter of COX-2. Signaling analysis demonstrated that theasinensin A attenuated IκB-α degradation, nuclear p65 accumulation, and c-Jun phosphorylation. Furthermore, theasinensin A suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs, IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), and TGF-β activated kinase (TAK1). These data demonstrated that the down-regulation of TAK1-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways might be involved in the inhibition of COX-2 expression by theasinensin A. These findings provide the first molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of oolong tea theasinensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xing Hou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City, 890-0065 Japan.
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Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Poli G. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:336-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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