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Wu KC, Leong IL, Leung YM. Ca 2+-sensing receptor-TRP channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Functional diversity and pharmacological complexity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176717. [PMID: 38857682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, and was initially known for its regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Ubiquitous expression of CaSR in different tissues and organs was later noted and CaSR participation in various physiological functions was demonstrated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that CaSR functionally interacts with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are mostly non-selective cation channels involved in sensing temperature, pain and stress. This review describes the interactions of CaSR with TRP channels in diverse cell types to trigger a variety of biological responses. CaSR has been known to interact with different types of G proteins. Possible involvements of G proteins, other signaling and scaffolding protein intermediates in CaSR-TRP interaction are discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to extend the current understanding of biased agonism of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Rajabloo Y, Saberi-Karimian M, Soflaei SS, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Syndecans and diabetic complications: A narrative review. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:99-111. [PMID: 38697476 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Syndecan (SDC) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family. It appears to play a role in the aetiology of diabetic complications, with decreased levels of SDCs being reported in the kidney, retina, and cardiac muscle in models of diabetes mellitus (DM). The reduced levels of SDCs may play an important role in the development of albuminuria in DM. Some studies have provided the evidence supporting the mechanisms underlying the role of SDCs in DM. However, SDCs and the molecular mechanisms involved are complex and need to be further elucidated. This review focuses on the underlying molecular mechanisms of SDCs that are involved in the development and progression of the complications of DM, which may help in developing new strategies to prevent and treat these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Rajabloo
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Saffar Soflaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Wang H, Liu H, Cheng H, Xue X, Ge Y, Wang X, Yuan J. Klotho Stabilizes the Podocyte Actin Cytoskeleton in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy through Regulating the TRPC6/CatL Pathway. Am J Nephrol 2024; 55:345-360. [PMID: 38330925 DOI: 10.1159/000537732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the renoprotective effects of Klotho on podocyte injury mediated by complement activation and autoantibodies in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). METHODS Rat passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) was induced as an IMN model. Urine protein levels, serum biochemistry, kidney histology, and podocyte marker levels were assessed. In vitro, sublytic podocyte injury was induced by C5b-9. The expression of Klotho, transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), and cathepsin L (CatL); its substrate synaptopodin; and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration were detected via immunofluorescence. RhoA/ROCK pathway activity was measured by an activity quantitative detection kit, and the protein expression of phosphorylated-LIMK1 (p-LIMK1) and p-cofilin in podocytes was detected via Western blotting. Klotho knockdown and overexpression were performed to evaluate its role in regulating the TRPC6/CatL pathway. RESULTS PHN rats exhibited proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, decreased Klotho and Synaptopodin levels, and increased TRPC6 and CatL expression. The RhoA/ROCK pathway was activated by the increased phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin. Similar changes were observed in C5b-9-injured podocytes. Klotho knockdown exacerbated podocyte injury, while Klotho overexpression partially ameliorated podocyte injury. CONCLUSION Klotho may protect against podocyte injury in IMN patients by inhibiting the TRPC6/CatL pathway. Klotho is a potential target for reducing proteinuria in IMN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yamei Ge
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Han L, Wang S, Li J, Zhao L, Zhou H. Urinary exosomes from patients with diabetic kidney disease induced podocyte apoptosis via microRNA-145-5p/Srgap2 and the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104877. [PMID: 37952894 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease without early diagnostic and specific therapeutic approaches. Podocyte apoptosis and loss play important roles in the pathological process of DKD. This study aimed to explore whether urinary exosomes from type 2 diabetes patients with DKD could induce podocyte apoptosis and the underlying pathological mechanisms. The exosomes were isolated from the urine samples of patients with DKD (DKD-Exo). Later, they were taken up and internalized by MPC5 cells. MPC5 cells were co-cultured with DKD-Exo (45 μg/ml) for 24 h in the presence or absence of microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) inhibitor, fasudil and pcDNA-Srgap2 transfection. MiR-145-5p and Srgap2 expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of Srgap2, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as ROCK activity were determined using Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and the TUNEL assay. miR-145-5p expression in MPC5 cells exposed to DKD-Exo was markedly upregulated. miR-145-5p negatively regulated Srgap2 levels. Exposure of MPC5 cells to DKD-Exo reduced Srgap2 expression and activated ROCK, which was partly reversed by the presence of the miR-145-5p inhibitor or Srgap2 overexpression. The apoptosis of MPC5 cells exposed to DKD-Exo increased significantly, which was counteracted by the addition of the miR-145-5p inhibitor and fasudil. The results showed that urinary exosomal miR-145-5p from patients with DKD induced podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Srgap2 and activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway, suggesting that urinary exosomal miR-145-5p is involved in the pathological process of DKD and could become a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Department of Endocrinology, the First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shenghai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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6
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Benson JC, Trebak M. Too much of a good thing: The case of SOCE in cellular apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102716. [PMID: 36931194 PMCID: PMC10481469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is an essential second messenger in eukaryotic cells regulating numerous cellular functions such as contraction, secretion, immunity, growth, and metabolism. Ca2+ signaling is also a key signal transducer in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway (SOCE) is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells, and is the primary Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells. SOCE is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensing STIM proteins, and the plasma membrane Ca2+-selective Orai channels. A growing number of studies have implicated SOCE in regulating cell death primarily via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in a variety of tissues and in response to physiological stressors such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia reperfusion injury, sepsis, and alcohol toxicity. Notably, the literature points to excessive cytosolic Ca2+ influx through SOCE in vulnerable cells as a key factor tipping the balance towards cellular apoptosis. While the literature primarily addresses the functions of STIM1 and Orai1, STIM2, Orai2 and Orai3 are also emerging as potential regulators of cell death. Here, we review the functions of STIM and Orai proteins in regulating cell death and the implications of this regulation to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cory Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA.
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7
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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8
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Tao Y, Mallet RT, Mathis KW, Ma R. Store-operated Ca 2+ channel signaling: Novel mechanism for podocyte injury in kidney disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 248:425-433. [PMID: 36533574 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221139187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last decade have markedly broadened our understanding of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) and their roles in kidney diseases and podocyte dysfunction. Podocytes are terminally differentiated glomerular visceral epithelial cells which are tightly attached to the glomerular capillary basement membrane. Podocytes and their unique foot processes (pedicels) constitute the outer layer of the glomerular filtration membrane and the final barrier preventing filtration of albumin and other plasma proteins. Diabetic nephropathy and other renal diseases are associated with podocyte injury and proteinuria. Recent evidence demonstrates a pivotal role of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in maintaining structural and functional integrity of podocytes. This article reviews the current knowledge of SOCE and its contributions to podocyte physiology. Recent studies of the contributions of SOC dysfunction to podocyte injury in both cell culture and animal models are discussed, including work in our laboratory. Several downstream signaling pathways mediating SOC function in podocytes also are examined. Understanding the pivotal roles of SOC in podocyte health and disease is essential, as SOCE-activated signaling pathways are potential treatment targets for podocyte injury-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Tetrandrine Attenuates Podocyte Injury by Inhibiting TRPC6-Mediated RhoA/ROCK1 Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol 2022; 2022:7534181. [PMID: 36247873 PMCID: PMC9553700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7534181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (Tet), a compound found in a traditional Chinese medicine, presents the protective effect for kidney function. Our study is aimed at clarifying the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Tet on podocyte injury. In this study, podocyte injury was induced in rats with adriamycin (ADR), and MPC5 podocytes were constructed with TRPC6 overexpression. We found that Tet treatment reduced the levels of proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen and increased plasma albumin levels in ADR-induced rats. Tet reduced intracellular Ca2+ influx and apoptosis in MPC5 podocytes overexpressing TRPC6. Tet downregulated the expression of renal TRPC6, RhoA, and ROCK1 and upregulated the expression of synaptopodin; meanwhile, it reduced calcineurin activity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, Tet protects against podocyte by affecting TRPC6 and its downstream RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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10
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Yu H, Chen Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Zhang R, Jiao J. TRPC6 mediates high glucose-induced mitochondrial fission through activation of CDK5 in cultured human podocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:984760. [PMID: 36213244 PMCID: PMC9535336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.984760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the precise mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remain unclear. Transient receptor potential canonical channel-6 (TRPC6), a non-selective cation channel permeable to Ca2+, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were increased in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, which can be blocked by pretreatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor. Calpain-1 inhibition by calpeptin or by calpain-1 siRNA transfection not only attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial fission but also reduced the activity of CDK5. Additionally, the CDK5 inhibitor and its siRNA decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in HG-treated podocytes. Collectively, we revealed the essential role of TRPC6 in regulating HG-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through the calpain-1/CDK5 pathway in human podocytes, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jundong Jiao,
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11
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Wang S, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang R. Histone modification in podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1373-1386. [PMID: 36040515 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an important complication of diabetic microvascular disease, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which brings heavy burdens to the whole society. Podocytes are terminally differentiated glomerular cells, which act as a pivotal component of glomerular filtration barrier. When podocytes are injured, glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, and proteinuria would occur. Dysfunction of podocytes contributes to DN. And degrees of podocyte injury influence prognosis of DN. Growing evidences have shown that epigenetics does a lot in the evolvement of podocyte injury. Epigenetics includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Among them, histone modification plays an indelible role. Histone modification includes histone methylation, histone acetylation, and other modifications such as histone phosphorylation, histone ubiquitination, histone ADP-ribosylation, histone crotonylation, and histone β-hydroxybutyrylation. It can affect chromatin structure and regulate gene transcription to exert its function. This review is to summarize documents about pathogenesis of podocyte injury, most importantly, histone modification of podocyte injury in DN recently to provide new ideas for further molecular research, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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12
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Ou ZF, Zhu LK, Liu QW, Jiang J, Jiang R. Effect of low androgen levels on transient receptor potential channels expression in rat penile corpus cavernosum tissue and its relationship with erectile function. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14477. [PMID: 35596534 DOI: 10.1111/and.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which testosterone deficiency causes ED has not yet been elucidated. TRPC is involved in the process of smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation. The effect of androgens on TRPCs and their relationship with erectile function are currently unclear. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, castration group, castration + testosterone (T) group (cast + T), control + transfection group (control + trans), control + empty transfection group and castration + transfection group (cast + trans). The transfection group rats were given with lentivirus (1 × 108 TU/mL, 15 μl) carrying the siRNA targeting TRPC4 gene in the rat penile cavernous tissue at 4 weeks after castration. The tests were performed at 5 weeks after castration. Comparing the cast group with the control, the ICPmax/MAP, p-eNOS/eNOS and NO levels in the rat penile tissue were significantly lower (p < 0.01) and the level of TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in the rat penile tissue was significantly increased (p < 0.01). When the cast + trans group was compared to the cast group, ICPmax/MAP was markedly higher (p < 0.05), and the level of the TRPC4 was remarkably lower (p < 0.05). Low androgen levels might inhibit an erectile function through up-regulation of the expression of TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in rat penile cavernous tissue. Inhibition the level of TRPC4 in rat penile tissue may improve the erectile function in low androgen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fu Ou
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Kun Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin-Wen Liu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nephropathy Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China
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13
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The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Stabilizes Podocyte Function in Proteinuric Humans and Mice. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1186-1199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Zhai Y, Li D, Wang Z, Shao L, Yin N, Li W. Cortex Mori Radicis attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal injury in mice via regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:862-873. [PMID: 35016601 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220110161458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR) has been reported to possess anti-pyretic, anti-convulsant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CMR on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic renal injury in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were gavaged with different doses of CMR for continuous 7 days. Then, STZ (50 mg/kg) was applied to induce renal injury associated with type 1 diabetes. Firstly, blood glucose levels and metabolic parameters were evaluated, including weight, food intake, and excrement. HE and PAS staining were performed to present renal histological changes. Renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were assayed by real time PCR and ELISA, separately. Additionally, podocyte-related markers, such as nephrin and wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot separately. Lastly, expression of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) and activation of MAPK signaling pathways were assayed. RESULTS CMR pretreatment significantly lowered the blood glucose levels, suppressed renal inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress, and relieved renal pathological injury, accompanying the inhibition of nephrin and WT-1 expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, CMR decreased the expression of TRPC6 and suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, but not P38 MAPK and JNK. Notably, the application of hyperforin, a specific activator of TRPC6, significantly abrogated the hypoglycemic effect of CMR and reversed the suppression of CMR on TRPC6 expression and ERK activation in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that CMR attenuated early renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice through inhibiting ERK signaling via regulation of TRPC6, which suggests that CMR can be considered as a promising candidate for the management of diabetes-related renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Luyao Shao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
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15
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Chen L, Tang YL, Liu ZH, Pan Y, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. Atractylodin inhibits fructose-induced human podocyte hypermotility via anti-oxidant to down-regulate TRPC6/p-CaMK4 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174616. [PMID: 34780752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High fructose has been reported to drive glomerular podocyte oxidative stress and then induce podocyte foot process effacement in vivo, which could be partly regarded as podocyte hypermotility in vitro. Atractylodin possesses anti-oxidative effect. The aim of this study was to explore whether atractylodin prevented against fructose-induced podocyte hypermotility via anti-oxidative property. In fructose-exposed conditionally immortalized human podocytes, we found that atractylodin inhibited podocyte hypermotility, and up-regulated slit diaphragm proteins podocin and nephrin, and cytoskeleton protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), α-Actinin-4 and synaptopodin expression, which were consistent with its anti-oxidative activity evidenced by up-regulation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 expression, and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Atractylodin also significantly suppressed expression of transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6) and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) in cultured podocytes with fructose exposure. Additionally, in fructose-exposed podocytes, CaMK4 siRNA up-regulated synaptopodin and reduced podocyte hypermotility, whereas, silencing of TRPC6 by siRNA decreased p-CaMK4 expression, inhibited podocyte hypermotility, showing TRPC6/p-CaMK4 signaling activation in podocyte hypermotility under fructose condition. Just like atractylodin, antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could inhibit TRPC6/p-CaMK4 signaling activation to reduce fructose-induced podocytes hypermotility. These results first demonstrated that the anti-oxidative property of atractylodin may contribute to the suppression of podocyte hypermotility via inhibiting TRPC6/p-CaMK4 signaling and restoring synaptopodin expression abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ya-Li Tang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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16
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Li Q, Veron D, Tufro A. S-Nitrosylation of RhoGAP Myosin9A Is Altered in Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:679518. [PMID: 34336885 PMCID: PMC8316719 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.679518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease progression is complex and remains unresolved. Rho-GAP MYO9A was recently identified as a novel podocyte protein and a candidate gene for monogenic FSGS. Myo9A involvement in diabetic kidney disease has been suggested. Here, we examined the effect of diabetic milieu on Myo9A expression in vivo and in vitro. We determined that Myo9A undergoes S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification dependent on nitric oxide (NO) availability. Diabetic mice with nodular glomerulosclerosis and severe proteinuria associated with doxycycline-induced, podocyte-specific VEGF 164 gain-of-function showed markedly decreased glomerular Myo9A expression and S-nitrosylation, as compared to uninduced diabetic mice. Immortalized mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose revealed decreased Myo9A expression, assessed by qPCR, immunoblot and immunocytochemistry, and reduced Myo9A S-nitrosylation (SNO-Myo9A), assessed by proximity link assay and biotin switch test, functionally resulting in abnormal podocyte migration. These defects were abrogated by exposure to a NO donor and were not due to hyperosmolarity. Our data demonstrate that high-glucose induced decrease of both Myo9A expression and SNO-Myo9A is regulated by NO availability. We detected S-nitrosylation of Myo9A interacting proteins RhoA and actin, which was also altered by high glucose and NO dependent. RhoA activity inversely related to SNO-RhoA. Collectively, data suggest that dysregulation of SNO-Myo9A, SNO-RhoA and SNO-actin may contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced diabetic kidney disease and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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17
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Ma R, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang R, Wang X, Yu N, Li M, Zhou Y. Tacrolimus Protects Podocytes from Apoptosis via Downregulation of TRPC6 in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8832114. [PMID: 34095318 PMCID: PMC8163546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and apoptosis is one of its mechanisms. The transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is expressed in podocytes and mediates podocyte injury induced by high glucose levels. Tacrolimus is a novel immunosuppressive agent that is reported to play an important role in podocyte protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of podocyte protection by tacrolimus in a type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model and in immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5). Transmission electron microcopy was used to evaluate renal injury morphology. After treatment with FK506, we measured 24-hour urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios and creatinine clearance rates as well as major biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Nephrin and TRPC6 protein expression and podocyte apoptotic rates in vivo and in vitro were measured using immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to measure expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and bax/bcl-2. Exposed to high glucose (HG), DM rats exhibited disrupted biochemical conditions and impaired podocyte structure. Decreased expression of nephrin and increased expression of TRPC6, cleaved-caspase-3, and bax/bcl-2 ratios were found in podocytes, along with higher apoptotic percentage, while tacrolimus intervention counteracted the effect of HG on podocytes. Our results suggest that tacrolimus protects podocytes during the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, possibly ameliorating podocyte apoptosis by downregulating the expression of TRPC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianghua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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18
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Chaudhari S, Mallet RT, Shotorbani PY, Tao Y, Ma R. Store-operated calcium entry: Pivotal roles in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:305-316. [PMID: 33249888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220975207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the last two decades has dramatically advanced the understanding of store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) and their impact on renal function. Kidneys contain many types of cells, including those specialized for glomerular filtration (fenestrated capillary endothelium, podocytes), water and solute transport (tubular epithelium), and regulation of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow (vascular smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells). The highly integrated function of these myriad cells effects renal control of blood pressure, extracellular fluid volume and osmolality, electrolyte balance, and acid-base homeostasis. Many of these cells are regulated by Ca2+ signaling. Recent evidence demonstrates that SOCCs are major Ca2+ entry portals in several renal cell types. SOCC is activated by depletion of Ca2+ stores in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, which communicates with plasma membrane SOCC via the Ca2+ sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Orai1 is recognized as the main pore-forming subunit of SOCC in the plasma membrane. Orai proteins alone can form highly Ca2+ selective SOCC channels. Also, members of the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel family are proposed to form heteromeric complexes with Orai1 subunits, forming SOCC with low Ca2+ selectivity. Recently, Ca2+ entry through SOCC, known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), was identified in glomerular mesangial cells, tubular epithelium, and renovascular smooth muscle cells. The physiological and pathological relevance and the characterization of SOCC complexes in those cells are still unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SOCC and their roles in renal glomerular, tubular and vascular cells, including studies from our laboratory, emphasizing SOCE regulation of fibrotic protein deposition. Understanding the diverse roles of SOCE in different renal cell types is essential, as SOCC and its signaling pathways are emerging targets for treatment of SOCE-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Parisa Y Shotorbani
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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19
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Lavanderos B, Silva I, Cruz P, Orellana-Serradell O, Saldías MP, Cerda O. TRP Channels Regulation of Rho GTPases in Brain Context and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582975. [PMID: 33240883 PMCID: PMC7683514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are mediated by several pathophysiological mechanisms, including developmental and degenerative abnormalities caused primarily by disturbances in cell migration, structural plasticity of the synapse, and blood-vessel barrier function. In this context, critical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases are related to structural, scaffolding, and enzymatic activity-bearing proteins, which participate in Ca2+- and Ras Homologs (Rho) GTPases-mediated signaling. Rho GTPases are GDP/GTP binding proteins that regulate the cytoskeletal structure, cellular protrusion, and migration. These proteins cycle between GTP-bound (active) and GDP-bound (inactive) states due to their intrinsic GTPase activity and their dynamic regulation by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs. One of the most important upstream inputs that modulate Rho GTPases activity is Ca2+ signaling, positioning ion channels as pivotal molecular entities for Rho GTPases regulation. Multiple non-selective cationic channels belonging to the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family participate in cytoskeletal-dependent processes through Ca2+-mediated modulation of Rho GTPases. Moreover, these ion channels have a role in several neuropathological events such as neuronal cell death, brain tumor progression and strokes. Although Rho GTPases-dependent pathways have been extensively studied, how they converge with TRP channels in the development or progression of neuropathologies is poorly understood. Herein, we review recent evidence and insights that link TRP channels activity to downstream Rho GTPase signaling or modulation. Moreover, using the TRIP database, we establish associations between possible mediators of Rho GTPase signaling with TRP ion channels. As such, we propose mechanisms that might explain the TRP-dependent modulation of Rho GTPases as possible pathways participating in the emergence or maintenance of neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Woo CY, Baek JY, Kim AR, Hong CH, Yoon JE, Kim HS, Yoo HJ, Park TS, Kc R, Lee KU, Koh EH. Inhibition of Ceramide Accumulation in Podocytes by Myriocin Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:581-591. [PMID: 31701696 PMCID: PMC7453988 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramides are associated with metabolic complications including diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes. Recent studies have reported that podocytes play a pivotal role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be an early event in podocyte injury. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that ceramide accumulation in podocytes induces mitochondrial damage through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We used Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. We fed the animals either a control- or a myriocin-containing diet to evaluate the effects of the ceramide. Also, we assessed the effects of ceramide on intracellular ROS generation and on podocyte autophagy in cultured podocytes. RESULTS OLETF rats and HFD-fed mice showed albuminuria, histologic features of diabetic nephropathy, and podocyte injury, whereas myriocin treatment effectively treated these abnormalities. Cultured podocytes exposed to agents predicted to be risk factors (high glucose, high free fatty acid, and angiotensin II in combination [GFA]) showed an increase in ceramide accumulation and ROS generation in podocyte mitochondria. Pretreatment with myriocin reversed GFA-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and prevented cell death. Myriocin-pretreated cells were protected from GFA-induced disruption of mitochondrial integrity. CONCLUSION We showed that mitochondrial ceramide accumulation may result in podocyte damage through ROS production. Therefore, this signaling pathway could become a pharmacological target to abate the development of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Hong
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoun Sik Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Ma M, Zhao S, Zhang J, Sun T, Fan Y, Zheng Z. High Glucose-Induced TRPC6 Channel Activation Decreases Glutamate Uptake in Rat Retinal Müller Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1668. [PMID: 32116675 PMCID: PMC7033573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG) increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to decreased glutamate uptake in Müller cells. The transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) channel, an oxidative stress-sensitive Ca2+-permeable cationic channel, is readily detected in Müller cells and highly expressed under HG conditions. Yet, the effect of high glucose-induced TRPC6 channel activation in Müller cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized that TRPC6 channel activation mediates high glucose-induced decreases in Müller cell glutamate uptake. We found RNA interference (RNAi) of the TRPC6 channel abolished HG-induced decreases in glutamate uptake and cell death. HG also decreased the expression of the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), which is the most important transporter involved in glutamate uptake. The mRNA level of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in rMC-1 cells and the release of CNTF in the culture media was decreased, but the mRNA levels of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased under HG conditions. After RNAi silencing in rMC-1 cells, the mRNA levels of CNTF increased, but IL-6 and VEGF levels decreased. Furthermore, TRPC6 knockdown (KD) decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and increased expression of Kir4.1, pointing to inhibition of HG-induced gliosis in rMC-1 cells. ROS and intracellular Ca2+ levels decreased after TRPC6 knockdown. Exposure to Hyp9 (10 μM), a highly selective TRPC6 channel agonist, can aggravate HG-induced pathological changes. Collectively, our results suggest TRPC6 channel activation is involved in HG-induced decreases in glutamate uptake in rMC-1 cells. These findings provide novel insights into the role of TRPC6 in HG-induced retinal neurovasculopathy and suggest TRPC6 is a promising target for drug development for diabetic retinopathy (DR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yu J, Zhu C, Yin J, Yu D, Wan F, Tang X, Jiang X. Tetrandrine Suppresses Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Protein 6 Overexpression- Induced Podocyte Damage via Blockage of RhoA/ROCK1 Signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:361-370. [PMID: 32095070 PMCID: PMC6995298 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s234262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Podocyte damage is common in many renal diseases characterized by proteinuria. Transient receptor potential cation channel protein 6 (TRPC6) plays an important role in renal function through its regulation of intracellular Ca2+ influx and RhoA/ROCK pathways. Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra, with the main active component being tetrandrine, has been used for the treatment of various kidney diseases for several years and has shown a positive effect. This study aimed at investigating the effect and mechanism of tetrandrine in podocyte damage induced by high expression of TRPC6. Methods Immortalized, differentiated murine podocytes, MPC5 were treated with valsartan (0–800 μM) and tetrandrine (0–40 μM) for 48 h. The maximum safe concentrations of valsartan and tetrandrine were selected using a cell viability assay. MPC5 podocytes stably expressing TRPC6 were constructed using a lentivirus packaging system, followed by treatment with valsartan, tetrandrine, and Y-27632 for 48 h and U73122 (10 μM) for 10 min. The RhoA/ROCK pathway and podocyte-specific proteins (nephrin and synaptopodin) levels were quantified. Podocyte apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration were measured. Results Maximum safe concentrations of 100 μM valsartan and 10 μM tetrandrine showed no observable toxicity in podocytes. MPC5 podocytes stably expressing TRPC6 had higher intracellular Ca2+ influx, apoptotic percentages, and expression of RhoA/ROCK proteins, but lower expression of nephrin and synaptopodin proteins. U73122 treatment for 10 min did not inhibit TRPC6, but suppressed RhoA/ROCK protein. Y-27632 decreased ROCK1 expression, but did not influence the expression of TRPC6 protein. Both 100 μM valsartan and 10 μM tetrandrine for 48 h significantly inhibited intracellular Ca2+ influx, apoptosis, and RhoA/ROCK pathway, and increased nephrin and synaptopodin proteins in podocytes stably expressing TRPC6. Conclusion Elevated TRPC6 expression can lead to podocyte injury by inducing intracellular Ca2+ influx and apoptosis of podocytes, and this effect may be mediated by activation of the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Tetrandrine can alleviate podocyte injury induced by TRPC6 expression through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, suggesting a protective role in podocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongrong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanli Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to ZheJiang Chinese Medical University (Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease), Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Li ZL, Wang FM, Tang RN, Tu Y, Liu H. MicroRNA26a inhibits cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis through suppressing the expression of transient receptor potential channel 6 mediated dynamin-related protein 1. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:384-391. [PMID: 31887787 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse reaction of the anticancer drug. Among these chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin, an effective chemotherapeutic drug, is extensively applied to the treatment of solid tumours, yet various adverse reactions, especially AKI, often limit their use. However, the pathogenesis of AKI caused by cisplatin remains poorly clarified. Therefore, we tested whether microRNAs, which have been certified as key regulators of disease are involved in this process. AKI mouse and HK2 cells were treated with cisplatin. Annexin V/PI staining and cleaved caspase-3 were used to assess apoptosis. Western blot analyses and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA level of TRPC6 and DRP1. miR-26a was remarkably decreased in cisplatin-induced AKI and in cisplatin co-cultured HK2 cells. Furthermore, we used a miR-26a mimics in vitro and found that apoptosis was alleviated than that in the control cells. We further verified that miR-26a protected against cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis by acting on transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) which can regulate the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), thus inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the study unveiled that miR-26a/TRPC6/DRP1 is a novel protective pathway in cisplatin-induced AKI and may be targeted for the prevention and treatment of drug-related renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our study found that miR-26a was significantly downregulated during cisplatin-induced AKI and during cisplatin co-cultured HK2 cells. Further, in vitro we used miR-26a mimic to intervene cells and found that apoptosis alleviated compared with control group. We further verified that miR-26a protected cisplatin-induced apoptosis by target transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) which can regulate the expression of dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) and inhibit the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, miR-26a/TRPC6/DRP1 is a new protective pathway in cisplatin-induced AKI and may be targeted for the prevention and treatment of drug-related acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Hall G, Wang L, Spurney RF. TRPC Channels in Proteinuric Kidney Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010044. [PMID: 31877991 PMCID: PMC7016871 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade ago, mutations in the gene encoding TRPC6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6) were linked to development of familial forms of nephrosis. Since this discovery, TRPC6 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of non-genetic forms of kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy, immune-mediated kidney diseases, and renal fibrosis. On the basis of these findings, TRPC6 has become an important target for the development of therapeutic agents to treat diverse kidney diseases. Although TRPC6 has been a major focus for drug discovery, more recent studies suggest that other TRPC family members play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease processes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review highlights the data implicating TRPC6 and other TRPC family members in both genetic and non-genetic forms of kidney disease, focusing on TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6 in a cell type (glomerular podocytes) that plays a key role in proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Wang Q, Wang D, Shibata S, Ji T, Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang H, Ma L, Jiao J. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation induces TRPC6-dependent calcium influx and RhoA activation in cultured human kidney podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:374-380. [PMID: 30782481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Researches have shown that mice lacking the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR) showed albuminuria, remodeling of F-actin, with loss of stress fibers. Selective group I mGluRs agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) attenuated albuminuria in several rodent models of nephrotic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism is obscure. Using a human podocyte cell line, we here investigated the molecular mechanisms of group I mGluRs-induced calcium influx and the formation of stress fibers. Our data showed that group I mGluRs activation by DHPG induced a significant calcium influx, and promoted cytoskeletal stress fiber formation and focal adhesions in podocytes. Pre-incubating podocytes with non-selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC), or the knockdown of TRPC6 attenuated the calcium influx and the stress fiber formation induced by DHPG. Further, DHPG resulted in an increase of active RhoA expression. However, the knockdown of RhoA by siRNA abolished the DHPG-induced increase in stress fibers. Additionally, nonselective inhibitors of TRPC or TRPC6 knockdown clearly inhibited RhoA activation induced by DHPG, as assessed by Glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay followed by Western blotting. Taken together, our findings suggest TRPC6 regulates actin stress fiber formation and focal adhesions via the RhoA pathway in response to group I mGluRs activation. Our data can potentially explain the mechanism of protective action of group I mGluRs in glomerular podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Derun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianrong Ji
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Ma R, Xu Y, Zhou H, Zhang D, Yao D, Song L, Liu Y. Participation of the AngII/TRPC6/NFAT axis in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury in rats with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2421-2430. [PMID: 30664212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 ion channel is expressed in podocytes and is an important component of the glomerular slit diaphragm. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is closely associated with TRPC6 gene mutations, and TRPC6 mediates podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Angiotensin II (AngII) has been revealed to enhance TRPC6 currents in certain types of cells, including podocytes and ventricular myocytes. It has been reported that glucose regulated TRPC6 expression in an AngII‑dependent manner in podocytes and that this pathway is critical in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, the role of TRPC6 detected by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in AngII‑mediated podocyte injury was evaluated in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high‑calorie diets and streptozotocin. The results demonstrated that urinary albumin excretion was elevated, and morphological changes, including glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte process effacement, were observed. There was increased expression of AngII and TRPC6 in diabetic rats. The angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan significantly reduced TRPC6 and nuclear factor of activated T‑cells (NFAT) overexpression in diabetic rats. These results in vivo were confirmed by studies in vitro, which demonstrated that inhibition of TRPC6 ameliorated high glucose‑induced podocyte injury by decreasing NFAT mRNA levels. Taken together, the present results suggested that the AngII/TRPC6/NFAT axis may be a crucial signaling pathway in podocytes that is necessary for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. In addition, TRPC6 may represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Inhibition of TRPC6 reduces non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5123-5134. [PMID: 28030826 PMCID: PMC5341750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel is highly expressed in several types of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether TRPC6 contributes to the malignancy of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We used a human NSCLC A549 cell line as a model and found that pharmacological blockade or molecular knockdown of TRPC6 channel inhibited A549 cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle at the S-G2M phase and caused a significant portion of cells detached and rounded-up, but did not induce any types of cell death. Western blot and cell cycle analysis show that the detached round cells at the S-G2M phase expressed more TRPC6 than the still attached polygon cells at the G1 phase. Patch-clamp data also show that TRPC whole-cell currents in the detached cells were significantly higher than in the still attached cells. Inhibition of Ca2+-permeable TRPC6 channels significantly reduced intracellular Ca2+ in A549 cells. Interestingly, either blockade or knockdown of TRPC6 strongly reduced the invasion of this NSCLC cell line and decreased the expression of an adherent protein, fibronectin, and a tight junction protein, zonula occluden protein-1 (ZO-1). These data suggest that TRPC6-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca2+ stimulates NSCLC cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression and that inhibition of TRPC6 attenuates cell proliferation and invasion. Therefore, further in vivo studies may lead to a consideration of using a specific TRPC6 blocker as a complement to treat NSCLC.
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Abstract
Kidney cell death plays a key role in the progression of life-threatening renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Injured and dying epithelial and endothelial cells take part in complex communication with the innate immune system, which drives the progression of cell death and the decrease in renal function. To improve our understanding of kidney cell death dynamics and its impact on renal disease, a study approach is needed that facilitates the visualization of renal function and morphology in real time. Intravital multiphoton microscopy of the kidney has been used for more than a decade and made substantial contributions to our understanding of kidney physiology and pathophysiology. It is a unique tool that relates renal structure and function in a time- and spatial-dependent manner. Basic renal function, such as microvascular blood flow regulation and glomerular filtration, can be determined in real time and homeostatic alterations, which are linked inevitably to cell death and can be depicted down to the subcellular level. This review provides an overview of the available techniques to study kidney dysfunction and inflammation in terms of cell death in vivo, and addresses how this novel approach can be used to improve our understanding of cell death dynamics in renal disease.
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Fliniaux I, Germain E, Farfariello V, Prevarskaya N. TRPs and Ca2+ in cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2018; 69:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou LF, Chen QZ, Yang CT, Fu ZD, Zhao ST, Chen Y, Li SN, Liao L, Zhou YB, Huang JR, Li JH. TRPC6 contributes to LPS-induced inflammation through ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C278-C288. [PMID: 29141922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are presently an emerging target for airway disorders. Recent evidence has indicated that TRPC6 as a member of the TRPC family plays an important role in airway inflammation, but its precise function in bronchial epithelial cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPC6 in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Hyp9 is a simplified phloroglucinol derivative of hyperforin that highly selectively activates TRPC6 channels. The results show that the activation of TRPC6 by Hyp9 induced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6. LPS was also able to induce the release of IL-8 and IL-6, which was significantly aggravated by Hyp9 and reduced by knockdown of TRPC6. Treatment with LPS not only chronically induced the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein in a TLR4-dependent manner but also acutely increased Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels. In addition, LPS-induced overexpression of TRPC6 and Ca2+ influx were associated with the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. Importantly, TRPC6 was required for the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB. In conclusion, these data reveal that LPS induced the overexpression of TRPC6 and TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx via the TLR4/PI3K/Akt pathway resulting in Ca2+ mobilization, which subsequently promoted the activation of ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB and the inflammatory response in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qing-Zi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chun-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhao-Di Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shen-Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Ni Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Rong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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31
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Urban N, Neuser S, Hentschel A, Köhling S, Rademann J, Schaefer M. Pharmacological inhibition of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-related, gain of function mutants of TRPC6 channels by semi-synthetic derivatives of larixol. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4099-4122. [PMID: 28800680 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gain of function mutations in TRPC6 channels can cause autosomal dominant forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Validated inhibitors of TRPC6 channels that are biologically active on FSGS-related TRPC6 mutants are eagerly sought. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We synthesized new TRPC6-inhibiting modulators from larixol, a resiniferous constituent of Larix decidua, and tested the potency and selectivity in cell lines stably expressing various TRPC channel isoforms. Channel activation was followed by Ca2+ influx analyses and electrophysiological recordings. The most promising compound larixyl carbamate (LC) was tested on native TRPC6 channels and TRPC6 constructs carrying FSGS-related point mutations. KEY RESULTS LC exhibited an about 30-fold preference for TRPC6 over TRPC3 channels and a fivefold preference for TRPC6 over TRPC7 channels. Six FSGS-related TRPC6 mutants, including the highly active M132T and R175Q variants, were strongly inhibited by 1 μM LC. Surprisingly, no TRPC6-related Ca2+ signals were detectable in primary murine podocytes, or in acutely isolated glomeruli. in these preparations. Quantitative PCR revealed a 20-fold to 50-fold lower abundance of TRPC6 transcripts in rat or mouse podocytes, compared with pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from the same species. Accordingly, electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that DAG-induced currents in murine podocytes are very small, but sensitive to LC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In spite of their low abundance in native podocytes, native TRPC6 channels are targetable using larixol-derived TRPC6 inhibitors. As observed with wild-type TRPC6 channels, FSGS-related TRPC6 mutants were sensitive to the newly developed inhibitors, paving the way for experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Neuser
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Hentschel
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Rademann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Shi JX, Wang QJ, Li H, Huang Q. Silencing of USP22 suppresses high glucose-induced apoptosis, ROS production and inflammation in podocytes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1445-56. [PMID: 26953552 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) has been reported to mediate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, its role in high glucose-induced podocytes and diabetic rats remains unknown. In the current study, podocytes were treated with different concentrations of d-glucose to establish a high glucose-induced injury model. Additionally, intravenous tail injection of rats with 65 mg kg(-1) of streptozotocin (STZ) was performed to establish a diabetic rat model. Our findings showed that the treatment of podocytes with high d-glucose significantly increased the USP22 expression level. Silencing of USP22 in podocytes attenuated high d-glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses, evidenced by increases in proliferation and MMP levels and decreases in the apoptotic rate, ROS production, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1. In addition, podocytes with USP22 overexpression significantly enhanced the effect of high d-glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Similar to the protective effect of USP22 knockdown, resveratrol (RSV) depressed not only high d-glucose- and USP22 overexpression-induced cytotoxicity, but also the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1. Notably, silencing of USP22 in diabetic rats conferred a similar protective effect against high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Taken together, the findings of the present study have demonstrated for the first time that USP22 inhibition attenuates high glucose-induced podocyte injuries and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qi-Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No. 168, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Chen J, Li Z, Hatcher JT, Chen QH, Chen L, Wurster RD, Chan SL, Cheng Z. Deletion of TRPC6 Attenuates NMDA Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Entry and Ca 2+-Induced Neurotoxicity Following Cerebral Ischemia and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:138. [PMID: 28400714 PMCID: PMC5368256 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels are permeable to Na+ and Ca2+ and are widely expressed in the brain. In this study, the role of TRPC6 was investigated following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that TRPC6 expression was increased in wild-type (WT) mice cortical neurons following I/R and in primary neurons with OGD, and that deletion of TRPC6 reduced the I/R-induced brain infarct in mice and the OGD- /neurotoxin-induced neuronal death. Using live-cell imaging to examine intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), we found that OGD induced a significant higher increase in glutamate-evoked Ca2+ influx compared to untreated control and such an increase was reduced by TRPC6 deletion. Enhancement of TRPC6 expression using AdCMV-TRPC6-GFP infection in WT neurons increased [Ca2+]i in response to glutamate application compared to AdCMV-GFP control. Inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) with MK801 decreased TRPC6-dependent increase of [Ca2+]i in TRPC6 infected cells, indicating that such a Ca2+ influx was NMDAR dependent. Furthermore, TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx was blunted by blockade of Na+ entry in TRPC6 infected cells. Finally, OGD-enhanced Ca2+ influx was reduced, but not completely blocked, in the presence of voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) and dl-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) blocker CNQX. Altogether, we concluded that I/R-induced brain damage was, in part, due to upregulation of TRPC6 in cortical neurons. We postulate that overexpression of TRPC6 following I/R may induce neuronal death partially through TRPC6-dependent Na+ entry which activated NMDAR, thus leading to a damaging Ca2+ overload. These findings may provide a potential target for future intervention in stroke-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Li
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery T Hatcher
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Central Hospital of Tianjin Tianjin, China
| | - Robert D Wurster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sic L Chan
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zixi Cheng
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, USA; Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, USA
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34
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Markó L, Mannaa M, Haschler TN, Krämer S, Gollasch M. Renoprotection: focus on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:589-612. [PMID: 28028935 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptor family have unique sites of regulatory function in the kidney which enables them to promote regional vasodilatation and controlled Ca2+ influx into podocytes and tubular cells. Activated TRP vanilloid 1 receptor channels (TRPV1) have been found to elicit renoprotection in rodent models of acute kidney injury following ischaemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) in podocytes is involved in chronic proteinuric kidney disease, particularly in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). TRP vanilloid 4 receptor channels (TRPV4) are highly expressed in the kidney, where they induce Ca2+ influx into endothelial and tubular cells. TRP melastatin (TRPM2) non-selective cation channels are expressed in the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles, where their inhibition ameliorates ischaemic renal pathology. Although some of their basic properties have been recently identified, the renovascular role of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 channels in disease states such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 serving as potential targets for acute and chronic renoprotection in chronic vascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Mannaa
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - T. N. Haschler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - S. Krämer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - M. Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
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YAO XINGMEI, LIU YUJUN, WANG YUNMAN, WANG HAO, ZHU BINGBING, LIANG YONGPING, YAO WEIGUO, YU HUI, WANG NIANSONG, ZHANG XUEMEI, PENG WEN. Astragaloside IV prevents high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis via downregulation of TRPC6. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5149-56. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Calcium, TRPC channels, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes: towards a future of targeted therapies. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:1047-54. [PMID: 26490951 PMCID: PMC4840088 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With more than 6,000 new pediatric patients with treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome in the US each year alone, the unmet need for novel, podocyte-specific therapies is substantial. Recently, the established therapeutic benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) was used as a starting point to gain insight into the pathomechanism of primary podocytopathies. A calcium (Ca(2+))-mediated pathway has been identified that connects the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) to podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics, essential for a functioning glomerular filtration barrier. This discovery provided an important missing piece in our understanding of the pathomechanism of filter barrier damage, revealing Ca(2+) signaling as critical for podocyte health and disease. The identification of the two Ca(2+) permeant channels TRPC5 and TRPC6 as mediators of this pathway not only bolstered the importance of podocyte cytoskeleton dynamics but also revealed promising drug targets for treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome. This review will focus on this novel signaling pathway in primary podocytopathies and its implications for next-generation therapies for glomerular disease.
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Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Lowing A, Shuyskiy LS, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Lowing A, Shuyskiy LS, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Lowing A, Shuyskiy LS, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II-dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17637. [PMID: 26656101 PMCID: PMC4674698 DOI: 10.1038/srep17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats, and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Andrea Lowing
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Leonid S Shuyskiy
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Lowing A, Shuyskiy LS, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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43
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Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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44
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Lowing A, Shuyskiy LS, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy: implications of angiotensin II – dependent activation of TRPC channels. Sci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/srep17637 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractInjury to podocytes is considered a major contributor to diabetic kidney disease: their loss causes proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. Podocyte depletion may result from improper calcium handling due to abnormal activation of the calcium permeant TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) channels. Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels are found to be elevated in diabetes; furthermore, it was reported that Ang II causes activation of TRPC6 in podocytes. We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the conditions of type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ-SS). Eleven weeks post treatment was sufficient for the animals to develop hyperglycemia, excessive urination, weight loss, microalbuminuria, nephrinuria and display renal histological lesions typical for patients with DN. Patch-clamp electrophysiology performed on podocytes of the freshly isolated glomeruli showed enhanced basal TRPC channel activity in the STZ-SS rats and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also augmented in podocytes of these rats. Our studies have a strong potential for advancing the understanding of TRPC-mediated effects on podocytopenia in DN initiation.
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Chung HK, Rathor N, Wang SR, Wang JY, Rao JN. RhoA enhances store-operated Ca2+ entry and intestinal epithelial restitution by interacting with TRPC1 after wounding. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G759-67. [PMID: 26336927 PMCID: PMC4628965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early mucosal restitution occurs as a consequence of epithelial cell migration to resealing of superficial wounds after injury. Our previous studies show that canonical transient receptor potential-1 (TRPC1) functions as a store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and plays an important role in early epithelial restitution by increasing Ca(2+) influx. Here we further reported that RhoA, a small GTP-binding protein, interacts with and regulates TRPC1, thus enhancing SOC-mediated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) and epithelial restitution after wounding. RhoA physically associated with TRPC1 and formed the RhoA/TRPC1 complexes, and this interaction increased in stable TRPC1-transfected IEC-6 cells (IEC-TRPC1). Inactivation of RhoA by treating IEC-TRPC1 cells with exoenzyme C3 transferase (C3) or ectopic expression of dominant negative RhoA (DNMRhoA) reduced RhoA/TRPC1 complexes and inhibited Ca(2+) influx after store depletion, which was paralleled by an inhibition of cell migration over the wounded area. In contrast, ectopic expression of wild-type (WT)-RhoA increased the levels of RhoA/TRPC1 complexes, induced Ca(2+) influx through activation of SOCE, and promoted cell migration after wounding. TRPC1 silencing by transfecting stable WT RhoA-transfected cells with siRNA targeting TRPC1 (siTRPC1) reduced SOCE and repressed epithelial restitution. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of WT-RhoA in polyamine-deficient cells rescued the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx and cell migration induced by polyamine depletion. These findings indicate that RhoA interacts with and activates TRPC1 and thus stimulates rapid epithelial restitution after injury by inducing Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Navneeta Rathor
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wu J, Zheng C, Wang X, Yun S, Zhao Y, Liu L, Lu Y, Ye Y, Zhu X, Zhang C, Shi S, Liu Z. MicroRNA-30 family members regulate calcium/calcineurin signaling in podocytes. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4091-106. [PMID: 26436650 DOI: 10.1172/jci81061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calcineurin signaling is critical for normal cellular physiology. Abnormalities in this pathway cause many diseases, including podocytopathy; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of calcium/calcineurin signaling is essential. Here, we showed that critical components of calcium/calcineurin signaling, including TRPC6, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3R1, and NFATC3, are the targets of the microRNA-30 family (miR-30s). We found that these 5 genes are highly expressed as mRNA, but the level of the proteins is low in normal podocytes. Conversely, protein levels were markedly elevated in podocytes from rats treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) and from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In both FSGS patients and PAN-treated rats, miR-30s were downregulated in podocytes. In cultured podocytes, PAN or a miR-30 sponge increased TRPC6, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3R1, and NFATC3 expression; calcium influx; intracellular Ca2+ concentration; and calcineurin activity. Moreover, NFATC3 nuclear translocation, synaptopodin degradation, integrin β3 (ITGB3) activation, and actin fiber loss, which are downstream of calcium/calcineurin signaling, were induced by miR-30 reduction but blocked by the calcineurin inhibitor FK506. Podocyte-specific expression of the miR-30 sponge in mice increased calcium/calcineurin pathway component protein expression and calcineurin activity. The mice developed podocyte foot process effacement and proteinuria, which were prevented by FK506. miR-30s also regulated calcium/calcineurin signaling in cardiomyocytes. Together, our results identify miR-30s as essential regulators of calcium/calcineurin signaling.
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Zhao B, Yang H, Zhang R, Sun H, Liao C, Xu J, Meng K, Jiao J. The role of TRPC6 in oxidative stress-induced podocyte ischemic injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:413-20. [PMID: 25896763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that ischemia and hypoxia serve important functions in the development of renal diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of ischemic injury has not been fully understood. In this study, we found that renal ischemia-reperfusion injury induced podocyte effacement and the upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression. In in vitro experiments, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment enhanced the expression of TRPC6 and TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) influx. TRPC6 knockdown by siRNA interference attenuated the OGD-induced [Ca(2+)]i and actin assembly. OGD treatment also increased ROS production. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS activity by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) eliminated the OGD-induced increase in TRPC6 expression and Ca(2+) influx. H2O2 treatment, which results in oxidative stress, also increased TRPC6 expression and Ca(2+) influx. We conclude that TRPC6 upregulation is involved in Ca(2+) signaling and actin reorganization in podocytes after OGD. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the cellular response of podocytes to ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Meng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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MicroRNA-26a prevents endothelial cell apoptosis by directly targeting TRPC6 in the setting of atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9401. [PMID: 25801675 PMCID: PMC4371083 DOI: 10.1038/srep09401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the major cause of life-threatening complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Endothelial apoptosis plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Although a subset of microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as critical regulators of atherosclerosis, studies on their participation in endothelial apoptosis in atherosclerosis have been limited. In our study, we found that miR-26a expression was substantially reduced in the aortic intima of ApoE−/− mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) suppressed miR-26a expression. Forced expression of miR-26a inhibited endothelial apoptosis as evidenced by MTT assay and TUNEL staining results. Further analysis identified TRPC6 as a target of miR-26a, and TRPC6 overexpression abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of miR-26a. Moreover, the cytosolic calcium and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were found to mediate the beneficial effects of miR-26a on endothelial apoptosis. Taken together, our study reveals a novel role of miR-26a in endothelial apoptosis and indicates a therapeutic potential of miR-26a for atherosclerosis associated with apoptotic cell death.
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RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling targets microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253:669-80. [PMID: 25791356 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in the working-age populations of developed countries, and effective treatments and prevention measures have long been the foci of study. Patients with DR invariably demonstrate impairments of the retinal microvascular endothelium. Many observational and preclinical studies have shown that angiogenesis and apoptosis play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DR. Increasing evidence suggests that in DR, the small guanosine-5'-triphosphate-binding protein RhoA activates its downstream targets mammalian Diaphanous homolog 1 (mDia-1) and profilin-1, thus affecting important cellular functions, including cell morphology, motility, secretion, proliferation, and gene expression. However, the specific underlying mechanism of disease remains unclear. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling pathway that specifically triggers endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. Recently, RhoA and profilin-1 signaling has attracted a great deal of attention in the context of diabetes-related research. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 pathway is involved in progression of microvascular endothelial dysfunction (MVED) during DR has not been determined. This review briefly describes each feature of the cascade before exploring the most recent findings on how the pathway may trigger endothelial dysfunction in DR. When the underlying mechanisms are understood, novel therapies seeking to restore the endothelial homeostasis comprised in DR will become possible.
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney forms via cell-cell interactions between an epithelial outgrowth of the nephric duct and the surrounding nephrogenic mesenchyme. Initial morphogenetic events include ureteric bud branching to form the collecting duct (CD) tree and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions to form the nephrons, requiring reciprocal induction between adjacent mesenchyme and epithelial cells. Within the tips of the branching ureteric epithelium, cells respond to mesenchyme-derived trophic factors by proliferation, migration, and mitosis-associated cell dispersal. Self-inhibition signals from one tip to another play a role in branch patterning. The position, survival, and fate of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are regulated by ECM and secreted signals from adjacent tip and stroma. Signals from the ureteric tip promote mesenchyme self-renewal and trigger nephron formation. Subsequent fusion to the CDs, nephron segmentation and maturation, and formation of a patent glomerular basement membrane also require specialized cell-cell interactions. Differential cadherin, laminin, nectin, and integrin expression, as well as intracellular kinesin and actin-mediated regulation of cell shape and adhesion, underlies these cell-cell interactions. Indeed, the capacity for the kidney to form via self-organization has now been established both via the recapitulation of expected morphogenetic interactions after complete dissociation and reassociation of cellular components during development as well as the in vitro formation of 3D kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. As we understand more about how the many cell-cell interactions required for kidney formation operate, this enables the prospect of bioengineering replacement structures based on these self-organizing properties.
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