1
|
Wang J, Shi R, Yin Y, Luo H, Cao Y, Lyu Y, Luo H, Zeng X, Wang D. Clinical significance of small extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1334592. [PMID: 38665948 PMCID: PMC11043544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1334592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from the bile duct epithelium. It is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The global incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is rising, and there is an urgent need for effective early diagnosis and treatment strategies to reduce the burden of this devastating tumor. Small extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles, are nanoscale vesicles formed by membranes that are released both normally and pathologically from cells, mediating the intercellular transfer of substances and information. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of small extracellular vesicles in numerous biological processes, as well as the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The present review summarizes the tumorigenic roles of small extracellular vesicles in the cholangiocarcinoma microenvironment. Owing to their unique composition, accessibility, and stability in biological fluids, small extracellular vesicles have emerged as ideal biomarkers for use in liquid biopsies for diagnosing and outcome prediction of cholangiocarcinoma. Specific tissue tropism, theoretical biocompatibility, low clearance, and strong biological barrier penetration of small extracellular vesicles make them suitable drug carriers for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the potential value of small extracellular vesicle-based therapies for cholangiocarcinoma is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruizi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yun Lyu
- Departmant of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Huiwen Luo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Xintao Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Decai Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The potential applications of microparticles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer. Lab Invest 2022; 20:404. [PMID: 36064415 PMCID: PMC9444106 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are 100–1000 nm heterogeneous submicron membranous vesicles derived from various cell types that express surface proteins and antigenic profiles suggestive of their cellular origin. MPs contain a diverse array of bioactive chemicals and surface receptors, including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which are essential for cell-to-cell communication. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is enriched with MPs that can directly affect tumour progression through their interactions with receptors. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive test, is a promising alternative to tissue biopsy for the early screening of lung cancer (LC). The diverse biomolecular information from MPs provides a number of potential biomarkers for LC risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Remodelling the TME, which profoundly influences immunotherapy and clinical outcomes, is an emerging strategy to improve immunotherapy. Tumour-derived MPs can reverse drug resistance and are ideal candidates for the creation of innovative and effective cancer vaccines. This review described the biogenesis and components of MPs and further summarised their main isolation and quantification methods. More importantly, the review presented the clinical application of MPs as predictive biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, their role as therapeutic drug carriers, particularly in anti-tumour drug resistance, and their utility as cancer vaccines. Finally, we discussed current challenges that could impede the clinical use of MPs and determined that further studies on the functional roles of MPs in LC are required.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dow R, Ridger V. Neutrophil microvesicles and their role in disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106097. [PMID: 34655813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are formed through shedding from the plasma membrane, a process shared by almost all human cells. Microvesicles are highly abundant and have been detected in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva. They contain a library of cargo derived from their parental cell during formation, including proteases, micro-RNAs and lipids and delivery of this parental cell-derived cargo to other cells can alter target cell function and drive disease. Cell specific molecules on the surface of microvesicles, obtained during microvesicle formation, allows their parental cell to be identified and populations of microvesicles to be investigated for roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. For instance, recent work by our group has identified a role for neutrophil microvesicles in atherosclerosis. Microvesicle profiles could in future be associated with certain diseases and act as a biomarker to allow for earlier diagnosis. This short review will discuss some of the processes central to all microvesicles before focusing on neutrophil microvesicles, their potential role in cardiovascular disease and the mechanisms that may underpin this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece Dow
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Walder K, Berk M, Olive L, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, CRS and MAS compared. Can one sized treatment fit all? Cytokine 2021; 144:155593. [PMID: 34074585 PMCID: PMC8149193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of published data appertaining to the cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) reveals many common immunological and biochemical abnormalities. These include evidence of a hyperactive coagulation system with elevated D-dimer and ferritin levels, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and microthrombi coupled with an activated and highly permeable vascular endothelium. Common immune abnormalities include progressive hypercytokinemia with elevated levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, proinflammatory chemokines, activated macrophages and increased levels of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB). Inflammasome activation and release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is common to COVID-19, H1N1, and MAS but does not appear to be a feature of CRS. Elevated levels of IL-18 are detected in patients with COVID-19 and MAS but have not been reported in patients with H1N1 influenza and CRS. Elevated interferon-γ is common to H1N1, MAS, and CRS but levels of this molecule appear to be depressed in patients with COVID-19. CD4+ T, CD8+ and NK lymphocytes are involved in the pathophysiology of CRS, MAS, and possibly H1N1 but are reduced in number and dysfunctional in COVID-19. Additional elements underpinning the pathophysiology of cytokine storms include Inflammasome activity and DAMPs. Treatment with anakinra may theoretically offer an avenue to positively manipulate the range of biochemical and immune abnormalities reported in COVID-19 and thought to underpin the pathophysiology of cytokine storms beyond those manipulated via the use of, canakinumab, Jak inhibitors or tocilizumab. Thus, despite the relative success of tocilizumab in reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients already on dexamethasone and promising results with Baricitinib, the combination of anakinra in combination with dexamethasone offers the theoretical prospect of further improvements in patient survival. However, there is currently an absence of trial of evidence in favour or contravening this proposition. Accordingly, a large well powered blinded prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test this hypothesis is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australi
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Psychology, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blanch-Ruiz MA, Ortega-Luna R, Martínez-Cuesta MÁ, Álvarez Á. The Neutrophil Secretome as a Crucial Link between Inflammation and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4170. [PMID: 33920656 PMCID: PMC8073391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death. Blood-cell interactions and endothelial dysfunction are fundamental in thrombus formation, and so further knowledge of the pathways involved in such cellular crosstalk could lead to new therapeutical approaches. Neutrophils are secretory cells that release well-known soluble inflammatory signaling mediators and other complex cellular structures whose role is not fully understood. Studies have reported that neutrophil extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to thrombosis. The objective of this review is to study the role of EVs and NETs as key factors in the transition from inflammation to thrombosis. The neutrophil secretome can promote thrombosis due to the presence of different factors in the EVs bilayer that can trigger blood clotting, and to the release of soluble mediators that induce platelet activation or aggregation. On the other hand, one of the main pathways by which NETs induce thrombosis is through the creation of a scaffold to which platelets and other blood cells adhere. In this context, platelet activation has been associated with the induction of NETs release. Hence, the structure and composition of EVs and NETs, as well as the feedback mechanism between the two processes that causes pathological thrombus formation, require exhaustive analysis to clarify their role in thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Blanch-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
| | - Raquel Ortega-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
| | - María Ángeles Martínez-Cuesta
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heidari Z, Mohammadi M, Sahebkar A. Possible Mechanisms and Special Clinical Considerations of Curcumin Supplementation in Patients with COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:127-136. [PMID: 33861442 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The proportion of potentially fatal coronavirus infections may vary by location, age, and underlying risk factors. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most frequent complication and leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents have received great attention as therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Here, we review potential mechanisms and special clinical considerations of supplementation with curcumin as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound in the setting of COVID-19 clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinat Heidari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen HP, Wang XY, Pan XY, Hu WW, Cai ST, Joshi K, Deng LH, Ma D. Circulating Neutrophil-Derived Microparticles Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1113-1124. [PMID: 33363395 PMCID: PMC7754272 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s287256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of its high morbidity and mortality, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in the ICU. Microparticles (MP) have been largely studied as potential diagnostic or prognostic markers in various diseases including sepsis. Objective The biological and clinical relevance of neutrophil-derived microparticles (NDMPs) within the MP population remains unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between plasma NDMPs and the prognosis of patients with sepsis and/or septic shock. Methods The study was designed as an observational, noninterventional clinical study. The cohort for this study included 40 sepsis and 40 septic shock patients together with 10 healthy controls admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the Health Surveillance Center in the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China, from January to November 2018, respectively. The degree of critical disease for sepsis and septic shock was evaluated, with data analyses conducted from 2018 to 2019. Results On days 1, 3 and 5 post-admission a series of data including plasma NDMP levels, patient demographics, TNF-α levels, IL-6 levels, sTREM-1 levels, and the sepsis severity score measurements were collected. A survival curve was plotted against levels of plasma NDMPs. Levels of NDMPs were observed to be higher in the septic shock patients than in the sepsis patients on days 1, 3, and 5 post-ICU admission (p < 0.05). NDMP levels were significantly increased in sepsis and septic shock patients with a parallel increase in pro-inflammatory mediators and sepsis severity score (p < 0.05) as well as mortality. Conclusion Our data suggest that NDMPs may be a biomarker of sepsis severity and mortality although its implications on sepsis prognosis warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Wang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Joshi
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lie-Hua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weber EA, Singh MV, Singh VB, Jackson JW, Ture SK, Suwunnakorn S, Morrell CN, Maggirwar SB. Novel Mechanism of Microvesicle Regulation by the Antiviral Protein Tetherin During HIV Infection. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015998. [PMID: 32819189 PMCID: PMC7660781 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.015998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Microvesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles that have been shown to augment inflammation. Specifically, monocyte-derived microvesicles (MDMVs), which can express the coagulation protein tissue factor, contribute to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease. People living with HIV experience higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and also exhibit increased levels of plasma microvesicles. The process of microvesicle release has striking similarity to budding of enveloped viruses. The surface protein tetherin inhibits viral budding by physically tethering budding virus particles to cells. Hence, we investigated the role of tetherin in regulating the release of MDMVs during HIV infection. Methods and Results The plasma of aviremic HIV-infected individuals had increased levels of tissue factor + MDMVs, as measured by flow cytometry, and correlated to reduced tetherin expression on monocytes. Superresolution confocal and electron microscopy showed that tetherin localized at the site of budding MDMVs. Mechanistic studies revealed that the exposure of monocytes to HIV-encoded Tat triggered tetherin loss and subsequent rise in MDMV production. Overexpression of tetherin in monocytes led to morphologic changes in the pseudopodia directly underneath the MDMVs. Further, tetherin knockout mice demonstrated a higher number of circulating MDMVs and less time to bleeding cessation. Conclusions Our studies define a novel regulatory mechanism of MDMV release through tetherin and explore its contribution to the procoagulatory state that is frequently observed in people with HIV. Such insights could lead to improved therapies for individuals infected with HIV and also for those with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Weber
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Meera V. Singh
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Vir B. Singh
- Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesRochesterNY
| | - Joseph W. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sara K. Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sumanun Suwunnakorn
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang S, Yin Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Zhang X. PAK4 suppresses TNF-induced release of endothelial microparticles in HUVECs cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12740-12749. [PMID: 32657762 PMCID: PMC7377857 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulated in many inflammatory diseases, and a potent inducer of endothelial cell-derived microparticle (EMP) formation. In this study, we identified the protein kinase PAK4 as a key regulator of the TNF-induced EMP release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF induces dose- and time-dependent EMP release and downregulation of PAK4 and upstream cdc42 in HUVECs. PAK4 suppression or inhibition of its kinase activity increases TNF-induced EMP release and apoptosis in HUVECs, while PAK4 overexpression reduces EMP release and apoptosis in TNF-stimulated cells. Collectively, these data indicate that PAK4 suppresses TNF-induced EMP generation occurring during apoptosis, and suggest that modulation of PAK4 activity may represent a novel approach to suppress the TNF-induced EMP levels in pro-inflammatory disorders and other pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jing'an, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ai Z, Udalova IA. Transcriptional regulation of neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:419-430. [PMID: 31951039 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru1219-504rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in innate immunity where they elicit powerful effector functions to eliminate invading pathogens and modulate the adaptive as well as the innate immune response. Neutrophil function must be tightly regulated during inflammation and infection to avoid additional tissue damage. Increasing evidence suggests that transcription factors (TFs) function as key regulators to modulate transcriptional output, thereby controlling cell fate decision and the inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil differentiation and function during inflammation remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of TFs known to be crucial for neutrophil maturation and in the signaling pathways that control neutrophil differentiation and activation. We also outline how emerging genomic and single-cell technologies may facilitate further discovery of neutrophil transcriptional regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ai
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microparticles, their parts, and their targets to enable their biomanufacturing and clinical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:89-98. [PMID: 30851486 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles, the submicron-size microparticles and the nanometer-size exosomes, that carry RNAs, proteins and lipids from their parent cells. EV generation takes place under cellular activation or stress. Cells use EVs to communicate with other cells by delivering signals through their content and surface proteins. Beyond diagnostic and discovery applications, EVs are excellent candidates for enabling safe and potent cell and gene therapies, especially those requiring strong target specificity. Here we examine EVs, their engineering and applications by dissecting mechanistic and engineering aspects of their components that endow them with their unique capabilities: their cargo and membranes proteins. Both EV cargo and membranes can be independently engineered and used for various applications. We review early efforts for their biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao M, Hao L, Wang Y, Liu QQ. Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Secretion of Neutrophils in Rats. Am J Med Sci 2018; 357:49-56. [PMID: 30611320 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are special types of stem cells and are a potential novel therapeutic approach in acute lung injury (ALI). Transplantation of EPCs can ameliorate the inflammatory state by reducing adhesion and exudation of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of EPCs on inflammatory response modulation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EPCs on the modulation of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were cocultured with neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro or transplanted into ALI rats, and neutrophil inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinases-9 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an myeloperoxidase detection kits, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that EPCs significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory mediators when cocultured with neutrophils in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that EPCs contributed to lung injury in ALI rats by downregulating neutrophil inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, No 958 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Sixth People's Hospital of Ji'nan City Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu-Qian Liu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, No.958 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Abreu MS, Giacomini ACVV, Zanandrea R, Dos Santos BE, Genario R, de Oliveira GG, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Psychoneuroimmunology and immunopsychiatry of zebrafish. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:1-12. [PMID: 29609110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of neural and immune disorders, their etiology and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. As the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful model organism in biomedical research, mounting evidence suggests these fish as a useful tool to study neural and immune mechanisms and their interplay. Here, we discuss zebrafish neuro-immune mechanisms and their pharmacological and genetic modulation, the effect of stress on cytokines, as well as relevant models of microbiota-brain interplay. As many human brain diseases are based on complex interplay between the neural and the immune system, here we discuss zebrafish models, as well as recent successes and challenges, in this rapidly expanding field. We particularly emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational immunopsychiatry research, as they improve our understanding of pathogenetic neuro-immune interactions, thereby fostering future discovery of potential therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Dos Santos
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ashton J Friend
- Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, and Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Pesochny, Russia; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee SK, Yang SH, Kwon I, Lee OH, Heo JH. Role of tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and nuclear factor-κB in production of TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory microparticles in endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:580-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is upregulated in many inflammatory diseases and is also a potent agent for microparticle (MP) generation. Here, we describe an essential role of TNF-α in the production of endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs) in vivo and the function of TNF-α-induced EMPs in endothelial cells. We found that TNF-α rapidly increased blood levels of EMPs in mice. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with TNF-α also induced EMP formation in a time-dependent manner. Silencing of TNF receptor (TNFR)-1 or inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HUVECs impaired the production of TNF-α-induced EMP. Incubation of HUVECs with PKH-67-stained EMPs showed that endothelial cells readily engulfed EMPs, and the engulfed TNF-α-induced EMPs promoted the expression of pro-apoptotic molecules and upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level on the cell surface, which led to monocyte adhesion. Collectively, our findings indicate that the generation of TNF-α-induced EMPs was mediated by TNFR1 or NF-κB and that EMPs can contribute to apoptosis and inflammation of endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nieri D, Neri T, Petrini S, Vagaggini B, Paggiaro P, Celi A. Cell-derived microparticles and the lung. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 25:266-77. [PMID: 27581826 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0009-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles are small (0.1-1 μm) vesicles shed by most eukaryotic cells upon activation or during apoptosis. Microparticles carry on their surface, and enclose within their cytoplasm, molecules derived from the parental cell, including proteins, DNA, RNA, microRNA and phospholipids. Microparticles are now considered functional units that represent a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors and participate both in the maintenance of homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of diseases. The mechanisms involved in microparticle generation include intracellular calcium mobilisation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, kinase phosphorylation and activation of the nuclear factor-κB. The role of microparticles in blood coagulation and inflammation, including airway inflammation, is well established in in vitro and animal models. The role of microparticles in human pulmonary diseases, both as pathogenic determinants and biomarkers, is being actively investigated. Microparticles of endothelial origin, suggestive of apoptosis, have been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with emphysema, lending support to the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and represent a link with cardiovascular comorbidities. Microparticles also have potential roles in patients with asthma, diffuse parenchymal lung disease, thromboembolism, lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Nieri
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Both authors contributed equally
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Both authors contributed equally
| | - Silvia Petrini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Vagaggini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Cellulare Respiratoria, SVD Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e Riabilitazione, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Johnson BL, Midura EF, Prakash PS, Rice TC, Kunz N, Kalies K, Caldwell CC. Neutrophil derived microparticles increase mortality and the counter-inflammatory response in a murine model of sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2554-2563. [PMID: 28108420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical care have significantly improved sepsis survival, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in the ICU. This is likely due to a lack of complete understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to dysfunctional immunity. Neutrophil derived microparticles (NDMPs) have been shown to be the predominant microparticle present at infectious and inflamed foci in human models, however their effect on the immune response to inflammation and infection is sepsis has not been fully elucidated. As NDMPs may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target, we sought to determine the impact NDMPs on the immune response to a murine polymicrobial sepsis. We found that peritoneal neutrophil numbers, bacterial loads, and NDMPs were increased in our abdominal sepsis model. When NDMPs were injected into septic mice, we observed increased bacterial load, decreased neutrophil recruitment, increased expression of IL-10 and worsened mortality. Furthermore, the NDMPs express phosphatidylserine and are ingested by F4/80 macrophages via a Tim-4 and MFG-E8 dependent mechanism. Finally, upon treatment, NDMPs decrease macrophage activation, increase IL-10 release and decrease macrophage numbers. Altogether, these data suggest that NDMPs enhance immune dysfunction in sepsis by blunting the function of neutrophils and macrophages, two key cell populations involved in the early immune response to infection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Trauma and Sepsis edited by Dr. Raghavan Raju.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby L Johnson
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Emily F Midura
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Priya S Prakash
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Teresa C Rice
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Midura EF, Prakash PS, Johnson BL, Rice TC, Kunz N, Caldwell CC. Impact of caspase-8 and PKA in regulating neutrophil-derived microparticle generation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:917-22. [PMID: 26707875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from sepsis continues to remain high despite extensive research into understanding this complex immunologic process. Further, while source control and antibiotic therapy have improved patient outcomes, many immunologically based therapies have fallen short. Microparticles (MPs) are intact vesicles that serve as mediators of intercellular communication as well as markers of inflammation in various disease processes. We have previously demonstrated that MPs can be produced at the infected foci during sepsis, are predominantly of neutrophil derivation (NDMPs) and can modulate immune cells. In this study, we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NDMP generation. Using thioglycolate (TGA) to recruit and activate neutrophils, we first determined that intra-peritoneal TGA increase NDMP accumulation. We next utilized TGA-elicited neutrophils in vitro to investigate signaling intermediates involved in NDMP production, including the intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways, cAMP dependent PKA and Epac activation as well as the role myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) as a final mediator of NDMP release. We observed that NDMP generation was dependent on the extrinsic caspase apoptotic pathway (caspase 3 and caspase 8), cAMP activation of PKA but not of Epac, and on activation of MLCK. Altogether, these data contribute to an overall framework depicting the molecular mechanisms that regulate NDMP generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Midura
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Priya S Prakash
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bobby L Johnson
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Teresa C Rice
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Johnson BL, Kuethe JW, Caldwell CC. Neutrophil derived microvesicles: emerging role of a key mediator to the immune response. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:210-7. [PMID: 25051983 DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666140722083717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection and trauma, exquisite control of the innate inflammatory response is necessary to promote an anti-microbial response and minimize tissue injury. Over the course of the host response, activated leukocytes are essential for the initial response and can later become unresponsive or undergo apoptosis. Leukocytes, along the continuum of activation to apoptosis, have been shown to generate microvesicles. These vesicles can range in size from 0.1 to 1.0 μm and can retain proteins, RNA and DNA of their parent cells. Importantly, neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NDMV) are robustly increased under inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize the research to date upon NDMVs. This will include describing under which disease states NDMVs are increased, mechanisms underlying formation, and the impact of these vesicles upon cellular targets. Altogether, increased awareness of NDMVs during the host innate response may allow for diagnostic tools as well as potential novel therapies during infection and trauma.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuethe JW, Mintz-Cole R, Johnson BL, Midura EF, Caldwell CC, Schneider BSP. Assessing the immune status of critically ill trauma patients by flow cytometry. Nurs Res 2014; 63:426-34. [PMID: 25350542 PMCID: PMC4212210 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional injury or trauma remains the leading cause of death among young adults. About one fifth of these trauma patients require care in an intensive care unit (ICU) because of severity of injuries and comorbidities. Patients hospitalized in an ICU are at increased risk for nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, and wound infections. Many of these patients will develop sepsis or septic shock, and some will progress to multiple organ failure and death. The balance between the proinflammatory and counterinflammatory immune response appears to be a driving factor in this progression. At present, there is no proposed method for the timely detection of the immune status in trauma patients, making rational decisions to use immune-altering therapies difficult. OBJECTIVE We demonstrate that flow cytometry, with its capabilities to characterize and/or enumerate (a) leukocyte subtypes, (b) leukocyte activation markers, (c) leukocyte-derived cytokines and microvesicles, and (d) leukocyte function is well suited to monitor the immune status of critically ill trauma patients. METHODS Information for the review was obtained from the extant literature. DISCUSSION We suggest that flow cytometry is a research method that might aid nurse scientists in investigating the immune status of critically ill patients, the recovery status of conditions such as hemorrhagic shock and tissue injury and the relationship between cancer disease progression and symptoms. Therefore, flow cytometry has the potential to broaden nursing research priority areas so that a comprehensive approach to understanding the cellular response is attained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Kuethe
- Joshua W. Kuethe, MD, is General Surgery Resident; Rachael Mintz-Cole, PhD, is MD Candidate; Bobby L. Johnson III, MD, is General Surgery Resident; and Emily F. Midura, MD, is General Surgery Resident, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Charles C. Caldwell, PhD, is Associate Professor, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Research, University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Barbara St. Pierre Schneider, DNSc, RN, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|