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Kumar Saini S, Singh D. Mitochondrial mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Unravelling the intricacies. Mitochondrion 2024; 77:101883. [PMID: 38631511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a major contributor to physical impairments and premature death worldwide. The available reperfusion therapies for stroke in the form of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis increase the risk of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury due to sudden restoration of blood supply to the ischemic region. The injury is manifested by hemorrhagic transformation, worsening of neurological impairments, cerebral edema, and progression to infarction in surviving patients. A complex network of multiple pathological processes has been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of I-R injury. Primarily, 3 major contributors namely oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial failure have been well studied in I-R injury. A transcription factor, Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a crucial defensive role in resisting the deleterious effects of I-R injury and potentiating the cellular protective mechanisms. In this review, we delve into the critical function of mitochondria and Nrf2 in the context of cerebral I-R injury. We summarized how oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial anomaly contribute to the pathophysiology of I-R injury and further elaborated the role of Nrf2 as a pivotal guardian of cellular integrity. The review further highlighted Nrf2 as a putative therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral I-R injury management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Saini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Xu L, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Chen S, Sun D, Li S, Wei F, Zhu H. IP3R2 regulates apoptosis by Ca2+ transfer through mitochondria-ER contacts in hypoxic photoreceptor injury. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109965. [PMID: 38851477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are contact sites that enable bidirectional communication between the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and mitochondria, including the transfer of Ca2+ signals. MAMs are essential for mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism. However, unrestrained Ca2+ transfer to the mitochondria can lead to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. IP3R2 (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2) is an important intracellular Ca2+ channel. This study investigated the contribution of IP3R2-MAMs to hypoxia-induced apoptosis in photoreceptor cells. A photoreceptor hypoxia model was established by subretinal injection of hyaluronic acid (1%) in C57BL/6 mice and 1% O2 treatment in 661W cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ER-mitochondria colocalization, and the MAM reporter were utilized to evaluate MAM alterations. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial homeostasis were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, western blotting (WB), and ATP assays. SiRNA transfection was employed to silence IP3R2 in 661W cells. Upon hypoxia induction, MAMs were significantly increased in photoreceptors both in vivo and in vitro. This was accompanied by the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Elevated MAM-enriched IP3R2 protein levels induced by hypoxic injury led to mitochondrial calcium overload and subsequent photoreceptor apoptosis. Notably, IP3R2 knockdown not only improved mitochondrial morphology but also restored mitochondrial function in photoreceptors by limiting MAM formation and thereby attenuating mitochondrial calcium overload under hypoxia. Our results suggest that IP3R2-MAM-mediated mitochondrial calcium overload plays a critical role in mitochondrial dyshomeostasis, ultimately contributing to photoreceptor cell death. Targeting MAM constitutive proteins might provide an option for a therapeutic approach to mitigate photoreceptor death in retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxu Jiang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Bierhansl L, Gola L, Narayanan V, Dik A, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Kovac S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) Deficiency Is Neuroprotective in Hyperexcitability by Modulation of Metabolic Pathways and ROS Balance. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x. [PMID: 38652352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Common epileptic drugs generally affect ion channels or neurotransmitters and prevent the emergence of seizures. However, up to a third of the patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that go beyond acute antiepileptic (antiseizure) therapies towards therapeutics that also might have effects on chronic epilepsy comorbidities such as cognitive decline and depression. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transport through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ca2+ influx is essential for mitochondrial functions, but longer elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels are closely associated with seizure-induced neuronal damage, which are underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline and depression. Using neuronal-specific MCU knockout mice (MCU-/-ΔN), we demonstrate that neuronal MCU deficiency reduced hippocampal excitability in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro analyses of hippocampal glioneuronal cells reveal no change in total Ca2+ levels but differences in intracellular Ca2+ handling. MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS production, declines metabolic fluxes, and consequently prevents glioneuronal cell death. This effect was also observed under pathological conditions, such as the low magnesium culture model of seizure-like activity or excitotoxic glutamate stimulation, whereby MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS levels and suppresses Ca2+ overload seen in WT cells. This study highlights the importance of MCU at the interface of Ca2+ handling and metabolism as a mediator of stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction, which indicates the modulation of MCU as a potential target for future antiepileptogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Dik
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Sasaki H, Nakagawa I, Furuta T, Yokoyama S, Morisaki Y, Saito Y, Nakase H. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) is Involved in an Ischemic Postconditioning Effect Against Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Injury in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:32. [PMID: 38568450 PMCID: PMC10991049 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is known to be neuroprotective against ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. One of the key processes in PostC is the opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mito-KATP) channel and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, triggering the release of calcium ions from mitochondria through low-conductance opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is known as a highly sensitive transporter for the uptake of Ca2+ present on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The MCU has attracted attention as a new target for treatment in diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic stroke. We considered that the MCU may be involved in PostC and trigger its mechanisms. This research used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from C57BL mice and measured changes in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), intracellular Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents under inhibition of MCU by ruthenium red 265 (Ru265) in PostC. Inhibition of MCU increased the occurrence of sEPSCs (p = 0.014), NMDAR currents (p < 0.001), intracellular Ca2+ concentration (p < 0.001), and dead cells (p < 0.001) significantly after reperfusion, reflecting removal of the neuroprotective effects in PostC. Moreover, mitochondrial depolarization in PostC with Ru265 was weakened, compared to PostC (p = 0.004). These results suggest that MCU affects mitochondrial depolarization in PostC to suppress NMDAR over-activation and prevent elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yudai Morisaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Pannoni KE, Fischer QS, Tarannum R, Cawley ML, Alsalman MM, Acosta N, Ezigbo C, Gil DV, Campbell LA, Farris S. MCU-enriched dendritic mitochondria regulate plasticity in distinct hippocampal circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.10.566606. [PMID: 37986798 PMCID: PMC10659405 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are morphologically and functionally diverse across cell types and subcellular compartments in order to meet unique energy demands. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide variety of neurological disorders, including psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite it being well known that mitochondria are essential for synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, the mechanisms regulating mitochondria in support of normal synapse function are incompletely understood. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates calcium entry into the mitochondria, which in turn regulates the bioenergetics and distribution of mitochondria to active synapses. Evidence suggests that calcium influx via MCU couples neuronal activity to mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, which would allow neurons to rapidly adapt to changing energy demands. Intriguingly, MCU is uniquely enriched in hippocampal CA2 distal dendrites relative to neighboring hippocampal CA1 or CA3 distal dendrites, however, the functional significance of this enrichment is not clear. Synapses from the entorhinal cortex layer II (ECII) onto CA2 distal dendrites readily express long term potentiation (LTP), unlike the LTP-resistant synapses from CA3 onto CA2 proximal dendrites, but the mechanisms underlying these different plasticity profiles are unknown. We hypothesized that enrichment of MCU near ECII-CA2 synapses promotes LTP in an otherwise plasticity-restricted cell type. Using a CA2-specific MCU knockout (cKO) mouse, we found that MCU is required for LTP at distal dendrite synapses but does not affect the lack of LTP at proximal dendrite synapses. Loss of LTP at ECII-CA2 synapses correlated with a trend for decreased spine density in CA2 distal dendrites of cKO mice compared to control (CTL) mice, which was predominantly seen in immature spines. Moreover, mitochondria were significantly smaller and more numerous across all dendritic layers of CA2 in cKO mice compared to CTL mice, suggesting an overall increase in mitochondrial fragmentation. Fragmented mitochondria might have functional changes, such as altered ATP production, that might explain a deficit in synaptic plasticity. Collectively, our data reveal that MCU regulates layer-specific forms of plasticity in CA2 dendrites, potentially by maintaining proper mitochondria morphology and distribution within dendrites. Differences in MCU expression across different cell types and circuits might be a general mechanism to tune the sensitivity of mitochondria to cytoplasmic calcium levels to power synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy E. Pannoni
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Quentin S. Fischer
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Renesa Tarannum
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mikel L. Cawley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mayd M. Alsalman
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Nicole Acosta
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Chisom Ezigbo
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Daniela V. Gil
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Logan A. Campbell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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6
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Pacifico P, Coy-Dibley JS, Miller RJ, Menichella DM. Peripheral mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1252442. [PMID: 37781093 PMCID: PMC10537945 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1252442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), neuropathic pain that arises from a damage or disease affecting the peripheral nervous system, is associated with an extremely large disease burden, and there is an increasing and urgent need for new therapies for treating this disorder. In this review we have highlighted therapeutic targets that may be translated into disease modifying therapies for PNP associated with peripheral neuropathy. We have also discussed how genetic studies and novel technologies, such as optogenetics, chemogenetics and single-cell RNA-sequencing, have been increasingly successful in revealing novel mechanisms underlying PNP. Additionally, consideration of the role of non-neuronal cells and communication between the skin and sensory afferents is presented to highlight the potential use of drug treatment that could be applied topically, bypassing drug side effects. We conclude by discussing the current difficulties to the development of effective new therapies and, most importantly, how we might improve the translation of targets for peripheral neuropathic pain identified from studies in animal models to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pacifico
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James S. Coy-Dibley
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniela M. Menichella
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Hong T, Zhao T, He W, Xia J, Huang Q, Yang J, Gu W, Chen C, Zhang N, Liu Y, Feng J. Exosomal circBBS2 inhibits ferroptosis by targeting miR-494 to activate SLC7A11 signaling in ischemic stroke. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23152. [PMID: 37603538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300317rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs)-derived exosomes have been considered as an effective treatment for ischemic stroke. CircRNA BBS2 (circBBS2) was demonstrated to be down-regulated in patients with ischemic stroke. However, the role of UC-MSCs-derived exosomal circBBS2 in ischemic stroke and potential mechanisms remain unclear. Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)-exposed SH-SY5Y cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-treated rats were served as in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. Target gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Ferroptosis was determined by iron, MDA, GSH, and lipid ROS levels. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting. The target relationships among circBBS2, miR-494, and SLC7A11 were validated by RNA-pull down, RIP, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. TTC and HE staining were performed to evaluate cerebral infarction volume and neuropathological changes. circBBS2 was lowly expressed and ferroptosis was triggered in MCAO rats and H/R-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. UC-MSCs-derived exosomes enhanced cell viability and restrained ferroptosis via increasing circBBS2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, circBBS2 sponged miR-494 to enhance the SLC7A11 level. Knockdown of miR-494 or SLC7A11 reversed the effects of silencing circBBS2 or miR-494 on ferroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. Furthermore, UC-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuated ischemic stroke in rats via delivering circBBS2 to inhibit ferroptosis. UC-MSCs-derived exosomal circBBS2 enhanced SLC7A11 expression via sponging miR-494, therefore repressing ferroptosis and relieving ischemic stroke. Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism for UC-MSCs-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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8
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Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Duan W, Liu C, Zhou J, Yu Q, Duan Y, Zhang T, Li Y, Fu G, Sun Y, Tian J, Xia Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Xu S. Upregulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter contributes to paraquat-induced neuropathology linked to Parkinson's disease via imbalanced OPA1 processing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131369. [PMID: 37086674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture worldwide and has been considered a high-risk environmental factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic PQ exposure selectively induces dopaminergic neuron loss, the hallmark pathologic feature of PD, resulting in Parkinson-like movement disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that repetitive PQ exposure caused dopaminergic neuron loss, dopamine deficiency and motor deficits dose-dependently in mice. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was highly expressed in PQ-exposed mice and neuronal cells. Importantly, MCU knockout (KO) effectively rescued PQ-induced dopaminergic neuron loss and motor deficits in mice. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MCU alleviated PQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in vitro. Mechanistically, PQ exposure triggered mitochondrial fragmentation via imbalance of the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) processing manifested by cleavage of L-OPA1 to S-OPA1, which was reversed by inhibition of MCU. Notably, the upregulation of MCU was mediated by miR-129-1-3p posttranscriptionally, and overexpression of miR-129-1-3p could rebalance OPA1 processing and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death induced by PQ exposure. Consequently, our work uncovers an essential role of MCU and a novel molecular mechanism, miR-MCU-OPA1, in PQ-induced pathogenesis of PD, providing a potential target and strategy for environmental neurotoxins-induced PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Guanyan Fu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yapei Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiacheng Tian
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiqin Xia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongseng Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China.
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10
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Sezer C, Zırh S, Gokten M, Sezer A, Acıkalın R, Bilgin E, Zırh EB. Neuroprotective Effects of Milrinone on Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2023; 170:e558-e567. [PMID: 36403936 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury is still an important health problem worldwide. Traumatic brain injury not only causes direct mechanical damage to the brain but also induces biochemical changes that lead to secondary nerve cell loss. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of milrinone after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model. METHODS Forty male Wistar albino rats, were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) sham, 2) TBI, 3) TBI + Ringers, and 4) TBI + Milrinone. In group 1 (sham), only craniotomy was performed. In group 2 (TBI), TBI was performed after craniotomy. In group 3 (TBI + Ringer), TBI was performed after craniotomy and intraperitoneal Ringers solution was given immediately afterward. Group 4 (TBI + Milrinone), TBI was performed after craniotomy, and milrinone was given 1.0 mg/kg milrinone intraperitoneally directly (0.5 mg/kg milrinone intraperitoneally again 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after trauma). Tests were performed for neurological and neurobehavioral functions. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology studies were performed. RESULTS In group 4 compared with group 2 and group 3 groups, tests for neurological functions and neurobehavioral functions were significantly better. In the milrinone treatment used in group 4, plasma and brain tissue tumor necrosis factor, 8-OH 2-deoxyguanosine , and interleukin 6 levels were significantly decreased, and increased plasma and tissue IL-10 levels were detected. Histopathological spinal cord injury and apoptotic index increased in groups 2 and 3, while significantly decreasing in group 4. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time that the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of milrinone may be neuroprotective after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sezer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Selim Zırh
- Department of Histology, Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Murat Gokten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Corlu State Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Aykut Sezer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Acıkalın
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Park Mersin Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Elham Bahador Zırh
- Department of Histology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Chen C, Chang X, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Lei C. CircRNA CTNNB1 (circCTNNB1) ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by sponging miR-96-5p to up-regulate scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) expression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10258-10273. [PMID: 35435123 PMCID: PMC9162012 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies show that circRNA catenin beta 1 (circCTNNB1) plays a critical role in cancer. However, the expression and function of circCTNNB1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) have not been reported. The present study discovered that circCTNNB1 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) expression levels were significantly down-regulated in mouse astrocytes (mAS) treated with oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R), and similar results were observed in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Overexpression of circCTNNB1 alleviated cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by OGD/R in vitro. Up-regulation of circCTNNB1 increased SRB1 expression levels to protect mAS cells from OGD/R-induced damage. CircCTNNB1 and SRB1 interacted with miR-96-5p, and the overexpression of miR-96-5p efficiently reversed the function of circCTNNB1 in OGD/R-treated mAS cells. CircCTNNB1 protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating SRB1 in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that circCTNNB1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-96-5p to alleviate cerebral IRI, which provides novel evidence that circCTNNB1 and SRB1 may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cerebral IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolong Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shifei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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12
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George DS, Hackelberg S, Jayaraj ND, Ren D, Edassery SL, Rathwell CA, Miller RE, Malfait AM, Savas JN, Miller RJ, Menichella DM. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deletion prevents painful diabetic neuropathy by restoring mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Pain 2022; 163:560-578. [PMID: 34232927 PMCID: PMC8720329 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is an intractable complication affecting 25% of diabetic patients. Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by neuropathic pain accompanied by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor hyperexcitability, resulting in calcium overload, axonal degeneration, and loss of cutaneous innervation. The molecular pathways underlying these effects are unknown. Using high-throughput and deep-proteome profiling, we found that mitochondrial fission proteins were elevated in DRG neurons from mice with PDN induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo calcium imaging revealed increased calcium signaling in DRG nociceptors from mice with PDN. Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we showed that mitochondria in DRG nociceptors had fragmented morphology as early as 2 weeks after starting HFD, preceding the onset of mechanical allodynia and small-fiber degeneration. Moreover, preventing calcium entry into the mitochondria, by selectively deleting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter from these neurons, restored normal mitochondrial morphology, prevented axonal degeneration, and reversed mechanical allodynia in the HFD mouse model of PDN. These studies suggest a molecular cascade linking neuropathic pain to axonal degeneration in PDN. In particular, nociceptor hyperexcitability and the associated increased intracellular calcium concentrations could lead to excessive calcium entry into mitochondria mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, resulting in increased calcium-dependent mitochondrial fission and ultimately contributing to small-fiber degeneration and neuropathic pain in PDN. Hence, we propose that targeting calcium entry into nociceptor mitochondria may represent a promising effective and disease-modifying therapeutic approach for this currently intractable and widespread affliction. Moreover, these results are likely to inform studies of other neurodegenerative disease involving similar underlying events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongjun Ren
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Craig A. Rathwell
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Richard J. Miller
- Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Role of Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6232902. [PMID: 35265262 PMCID: PMC8898771 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6232902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria can supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the tissue, which can regulate metabolism during the pathologic process and is also involved in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury after stroke. Recent studies have suggested that selective autophagy could play important roles in the pathophysiological process of stroke, especially mitophagy. It is usually mediated by the PINK1/Parkin-independent pathway or PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway. Moreover, mitophagy may be a potential target in the therapy of stroke because the control of mitophagy is neuroprotective in stroke in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we briefly summarize recent researches in mitophagy, introduce the role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of stroke, then highlight the strategies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of stroke, and finally propose several issues in the treatment of stroke by targeting mitophagy.
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14
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Xie L, Zhou T, Xie Y, Bode AM, Cao Y. Mitochondria-Shaping Proteins and Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769036. [PMID: 34868997 PMCID: PMC8637292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, in recent decades, of an entirely new area of “Mitochondrial dynamics”, which consists principally of fission and fusion, reflects the recognition that mitochondria play a significant role in human tumorigenesis and response to therapeutics. Proteins that determine mitochondrial dynamics are referred to as “shaping proteins”. Marked heterogeneity has been observed in the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy, which is associated with imbalances in mitochondrial dynamics and function leading to adaptive and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, targeting mitochondria-shaping proteins may prove to be a promising approach to treat chemotherapy resistant cancers. In this review, we summarize the alterations of mitochondrial dynamics in chemotherapeutic processing and the antitumor mechanisms by which chemotherapy drugs synergize with mitochondria-shaping proteins. These might shed light on new biomarkers for better prediction of cancer chemosensitivity and contribute to the exploitation of potent therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xie
- Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiansheng Zhou
- Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Changsha, China
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15
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Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5253-5271. [PMID: 34275087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and also a major cause of adult disability worldwide. Revascularization via reperfusion therapy is currently a standard clinical procedure for patients with ischemic stroke. Although the restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) is critical for the salvage of ischemic tissue, reperfusion can also, paradoxically, exacerbate neuronal damage through a series of cellular alterations. Among the various theories postulated for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including the burst generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of autophagy, and release of apoptotic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to play an essential role in mediating these pathophysiological processes. Therefore, strict regulation of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial quality control is of great importance to avoid the pathological effects of impaired mitochondria on neurons. Furthermore, timely elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is also crucial to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network, whereas intensive or excessive mitophagy could exacerbate cerebral I/R injury. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of mitochondrial quality control on cerebral I/R injury and introduce recent advances in the understanding of the possible signaling pathways of mitophagy and potential factors responsible for the double-edged roles of mitophagy in the pathological processes of cerebral I/R injury.
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16
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Liu L, Zheng B, Wang Z. Protective effects of the knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:621. [PMID: 34212979 PMCID: PMC8261620 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of lncRNA AK139328 in cerebral ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the expression and function of lncRNA AK139328 in the progression of IRI. PC12 cells were injured by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to establish an in vitro ischemic stroke model. An MTT assay was performed to determine cell viability. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of AK139328 and Netrin-1 in blood samples from patients who had suffered a cerebral ischemic stroke and healthy individuals or OGD/R PC12 cells. ELISAs were used to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, oxidative stress levels and the levels of cell apoptosis were evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits, flow cytometry and western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used for the detection of cell neurite outgrowth. The results of the present study revealed that AK139328 expression levels were upregulated in patients who had suffered a cerebral ischemic stroke and in PC12 cells following stimulation with OGD/R. The knockdown of AK139328 alleviated OGD/R-induced decreases in cell viability, downregulation in Netrin-1 expression and increases in inflammatory cytokines levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, AK139328 silencing suppressed oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of microtubule associated protein 2 and growth associated protein 43 in OGD/R-injured PC12 cells were upregulated following the knockdown of AK139328 expression. In conclusion, these findings suggested that the knockdown of AK139328 expression may protect PC12 cells against OGD/R injury by regulating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The data suggested a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222042, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
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17
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Salman M, Kaushik P, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Melatonin Provides Neuroprotection Following Traumatic Brain Injury-Promoted Mitochondrial Perturbation in Wistar Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:765-781. [PMID: 32468441 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission has been implicated in the etiology of neuronal cell death in traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we examined the efficacy of melatonin (Mel) as a neuroprotective agent against TBI-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. We assessed the impact of Mel post-treatment (10 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) at different time intervals in TBI-subjected Wistar rats. We found that the Mel treatment significantly attenuated brain edema, oxidative damage, mitochondrial fission, and promoted mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, Mel-treated rats showed restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation with a concomitant reduction in cytochrome-c release. Further, Mel treatment significantly inhibited the translocation of Bax and Drp1 proteins to mitochondria in TBI-subjected rats. The restorative role of Mel treatment in TBI rats was supported by the mitochondrial ultra-structural analysis, which showed activation of mitochondrial fusion mechanism. Mel enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulation of PGC-1α protein. Our results demonstrated the remedial role of Mel in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunctions that are modulated in TBI-subjected rats and provided support for mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection as a putative therapeutic agent in the brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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18
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Nikseresht Z, Ahangar N, Badrikoohi M, Babaei P. Synergistic enhancing-memory effect of D-serine and RU360, a mitochondrial calcium uniporter blocker in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 409:113307. [PMID: 33872664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Amyloid beta (Aβ) and N - methyl d- aspartate receptors (NMDARs are involved in Ca2+ neurotoxicity, the function of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in cognition deficit remain uncertain. Here, we examined the effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) blocker, together with NMDA receptor agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) on memory impairment in a rat model of AD. METHODS Forty adult male Wistar rats underwent stereotaxic cannulation for inducing AD by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1-42 (5 μg /8 μl/rat). Then animals were divided into 5 groups of: Saline + Saline, Aβ + Saline, Aβ + RU360, Aβ + DCS, Aβ + RU360 + DCS. Two weeks after the treatments, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and step through passive avoidance learning (SPL) were undertaken for evaluating of spatial and associative memories, respectively. Hippocampal level of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by western blot and ELISA. RESULTS Co - administration of RU360 and DCS significantly improved both acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory as evident by decreased escape latency and increased time spent in the target quadrant (TTS) in MWM, together with increase in step-through latency, but reduced time spent in the dark compartment in SPL. Furthermore, there was a significant rise in the hippocampal level of CREB and BDNF in comparison with Aβ + Saline. CONCLUSION The present study supports the idea that co- administration of RU360 and DCS ameliorate memory impairment induced by Aβ 1-42 probably via CREB / BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nikseresht
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahshid Badrikoohi
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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19
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Machine learning-based classification of mitochondrial morphology in primary neurons and brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5133. [PMID: 33664336 PMCID: PMC7933342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial network continually undergoes events of fission and fusion. Under physiologic conditions, the network is in equilibrium and is characterized by the presence of both elongated and punctate mitochondria. However, this balanced, homeostatic mitochondrial profile can change morphologic distribution in response to various stressors. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a method that robustly measures mitochondrial morphology with high accuracy. Here, we developed a semi-automated image analysis pipeline for the quantitation of mitochondrial morphology for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The image analysis pipeline was generated and validated utilizing images of primary cortical neurons from transgenic mice, allowing genetic ablation of key components of mitochondrial dynamics. This analysis pipeline was further extended to evaluate mitochondrial morphology in vivo through immunolabeling of brain sections as well as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. These data demonstrate a highly specific and sensitive method that accurately classifies distinct physiological and pathological mitochondrial morphologies. Furthermore, this workflow employs the use of readily available, free open-source software designed for high throughput image processing, segmentation, and analysis that is customizable to various biological models.
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20
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Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A. Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:52-61. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210212141232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It occurs due to the insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is a complex disease with multiple associated risk factors including smoking, alcoholism, age, sex, ethnicity, etc. Calcium ions are known to play a vital role in cell death pathways, which is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger during and immediately after an ischemic period. Disruption in normal calcium hemostasis is known to be a major initiator and activator of the ischemic cell death pathway. Under Ischemic stroke conditions, glutamate is released from the neurons and glia which further activates the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and triggers the rapid translocation of Ca2+ from extracellular to intracellular spaces in cerebral tissues and vice versa. Various studies indicated that Ca2+ could have harmful effects on neurons under acute ischemic conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to delayed neuronal death, and it was established decades ago that massive calcium accumulation triggers mitochondrial damage. Elevated Ca2+ levels cause mitochondria to swell and release their contents. As a result oxidative stress and mitochondrial calcium accumulation activate mitochondrial permeability transition and lead to depolarization-coupled production of reactive oxygen species. This association between calcium levels and mitochondrial death suggests that elevated calcium levels might have a role in the neurological outcome in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have also reported that elevated Ca2+ levels play a role in the determination of infarct size, outcome, and recurrence of ischemic stroke. The current review has been compiled to understand the multidimensional role of altered Ca2+ levels in the initiation and alteration of neuronal death after ischemic attack. The underlying mechanisms understood to date have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Aishwarya Muriki
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, India
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21
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Traumatic brain injury metabolome and mitochondrial impact after early stage Ru360 treatment. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:192-204. [PMID: 33484870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ru360, a mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor, was tested in a unilateral fluid percussion TBI model in developing rats (P31). Vehicle and Ru360 treated TBI rats underwent sensorimotor behavioral monitoring between 24 and 72 h, thereafter which 185 brain metabolites were analyzed postmortem using LC/MS. Ru360 treatment after TBI improved sensorimotor behavioral recovery, upregulated glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, mitigated oxidative stress and prevented NAD+ depletion across both hemispheres. While neural viability improved ipsilaterally, it reduced contralaterally. Ru360 treatment, overall, had a global impact with most benefit near the strongest injury impact areas, while perturbing mitochondrial oxidative energetics in the milder TBI impact areas.
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Liu C, Xu X, Huang C, Zhang L, Shang D, Cai W, Wang Y. Circ_002664/miR-182-5p/Herpud1 pathway importantly contributes to OGD/R-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101585. [PMID: 32376213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis is a prominent form of neuron death in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Accompanied with the pathogenesis, Circ_002664 is upregulated. However, its role in the neuron apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS In this study, HT22 cells were treated with oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). The cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation and mitochondrial potential were examined. The expressions of interested genes, Circ_002664, miR-182-5p and Herpud1, were measured. The roles of these genes in OGD/R-induced cell injury were investigated by knockdown, overexpression alone or in combination. Additionally, the interactions between Circ_002664, miR-182-5p and Herpud1 were validated by luciferase report assay. The levels of MAP2, CHOP, Cytochrome C (CYC) and cleaved caspase-3 were determined. RESULTS OGD/R treatment significantly increased cell apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation and mitochondrial potential, as well as increased Circ_002664 and Herpud1 expressions, and decreased miR-182-5p level. Circ_002664 knockdown markedly inhibited the effects by OGD/R on cell survival and altered expression of miR-182-5p and Herpud1. MiR-182-5p was observed sponged by Circ_002664 and negatively mediated its effect above mentioned, and this was by directly targeting Herpud1. Additionally, it was observed that CHOP expressions were regulated by Circ_002664/miR-182-5p/Herpud1 pathway, and in turn mediated its regulation in CYC and cleaved caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data showed that the Circ_002664 importantly contributed to neuronal cell apoptosis induced by OGD/R treatment, and this might be achieved by directly targeting miR-182-5p/Herpud1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China.
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
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Yin H, Wu M, Jia Y. Knockdown of IL-32 protects PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury via activation of Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:363-371. [PMID: 31916203 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of major causes of ischemic organ damage. It is well established that inflammatory cytokines serve as regulatory factors in cerebral oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). However, the involving mechanism is not clear enough. OGD/R PC12 cells were used as a hypoxia/reoxygenation model. IL-32 expression and cell viability were detected by qRT-PCR and CCK-8 assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Protein levels of inflammatory factors, and the activity of MPO, MDA and SOD were analyzed. Furthermore, western blot assay was carried out to assess protein levels of Nrf2, keap1, NQO-1, p-p65, p-IκBα, p65 and IκBα. The results revealed that IL-32 expression was significantly upregulated in PC12 cells induced by OGD/R. Nrf2, keap1 and NQO-1 level was reduced while phosphorylation level of p65 and IκBα was up-regulated in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells. Mechanism investigations found that IL-32 silence elevated the level of Nrf2, Keap1 and NQO-1, reduced p-p65 and p-IκBα level, and regulated the contents of TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in OGD/R PC12 cells. In addition, knockdown of IL-32 suppressed production of intracellular ROS, elevated SOD activity, reduced MPO and MDA content, and enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was induced in OGD/R PC12 cells with IL-32 silence. However, Nrf2 inhibitor reversed the effects of IL-32 knockdown on OGD/R PC12 cells. This research suggests that IL-32 silence may alleviate OGD/R and Nrf2 plays an important role in the protection by IL-32 silence on PC12 cells induced by OGD/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiyu Wu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jia
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
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24
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The Role of Circular RNAs in Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2020; 428:50-59. [PMID: 31917349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs are an increasingly important topic in non-coding RNA biology, drawing considerable attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role for circular RNAs in both early and latent stages of disease pathogenesis. Circular RNAs are abundantly expressed in brain tissue, with significant implications for neural development and disease progression. Disruption of these processes, including those seen in response to brain injury, can have serious consequences such as hemiplegia, aphasia, coma, and death. In this review, we describe the role of circular RNAs in the context of brain injury and explore the potential connection between circular RNAs, brain hypoxic ischemic injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and traumatic injury.
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25
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Yu M, Yang J, Gao X, Sun W, Liu S, Han Y, Lu X, Jin C, Wu S, Cai Y. Lanthanum chloride impairs spatial learning and memory by inducing [Ca2+]m overload, mitochondrial fission–fusion disorder and excessive mitophagy in hippocampal nerve cells of rats. Metallomics 2020; 12:592-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum chloride damages hippocampal nerve cells of rats through inducing [Ca2+]m overload, mitochondrial fission–fusion disorder, and excessive mitophagy.
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26
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction Underlies Cardiomyocyte Remodeling in Experimental and Clinical Atrial Fibrillation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101202. [PMID: 31590355 PMCID: PMC6829298 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common progressive tachyarrhythmia, results in structural remodeling which impairs electrical activation of the atria, rendering them increasingly permissive to the arrhythmia. Previously, we reported on endoplasmic reticulum stress and NAD+ depletion in AF, suggesting a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in AF progression. Here, we examined mitochondrial function in experimental model systems for AF (tachypaced HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes and Drosophila melanogaster) and validated findings in clinical AF. Tachypacing of HL-1 cardiomyocytes progressively induces mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by impairment of mitochondrial Ca2+-handling, upregulation of mitochondrial stress chaperones and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration and ATP production. Atrial biopsies from AF patients display mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by aberrant ATP levels, upregulation of a mitochondrial stress chaperone and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction is substantiated by the attenuation of AF remodeling by preventing an increased mitochondrial Ca2+-influx through partial blocking or downregulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and by SS31, a compound that improves bioenergetics in mitochondria. Together, these results show that conservation of the mitochondrial function protects against tachypacing-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling and identify this organelle as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Guan L, Che Z, Meng X, Yu Y, Li M, Yu Z, Shi H, Yang D, Yu M. MCU Up-regulation contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Injury through calpain/OPA-1-mediated mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy Inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7830-7843. [PMID: 31502361 PMCID: PMC6815825 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamic disorder is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To explore the effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) on mitochondrial dynamic imbalance under I/R and its related signal pathways, a mouse myocardial I/R model and hypoxia/reoxygenation model of mouse cardiomyocytes were established. The expression of MCU during I/R increased and related to myocardial injury, enhancement of mitochondrial fission, inhibition of mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. Suppressing MCU functions by Ru360 during I/R could reduce myocardial infarction area and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviate mitochondrial fission and restore mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. However, spermine administration, which could enhance MCU function, deteriorated the above-mentioned myocardial cell injury and mitochondrial dynamic imbalanced. In addition, up-regulation of MCU promoted the expression and activation of calpain-1/2 and down-regulated the expression of Optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1). Meantime, in transgenic mice (overexpression calpastatin, the endogenous inhibitor of calpain) I/R model and OPA1 knock-down cultured cell. In I/R models of transgenic mice over-expressing calpastatin, which is the endogenous inhibitor of calpain, and in H/R models with siOPA1 transfection, inhibition of calpains could enhance mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy, and inhibit excessive mitochondrion fission and apoptosis through OPA1. Therefore, we conclude that during I/R, MCU up-regulation induces calpain activation, which down-regulates OPA1, consequently leading to mitochondrial dynamic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimei Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Ziqin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Dicheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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An improved method for isolation of mitochondria from cell lines that enables reconstitution of calcium-dependent processes. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:52-58. [PMID: 31022379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimum cytosolic calcium concentrations support balanced mitochondrial respiration. However, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations vary among cell types and excess Ca2+ can cause mitochondrial dysfunction. We optimized an isolation protocol to eliminate excess Ca2+ and thereby minimizing structural damage. Ca2+ uptake was monitored by measuring mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent PKA activity using cAMP ELISAs, and O2 consumption levels during mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry. 3 nM Ca2+ was found to increase cAMP levels and produce optimal state III respiration. Hence, optimized isolation of mitochondria from cell lines using calcium denudation provides the best platform for the study of Ca2+-dependent regulation of mitochondrial signaling.
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29
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Yao W, Zhu S, Li P, Zhang S. Large tumor suppressor kinase 2 overexpression attenuates 5-FU-resistance in colorectal cancer via activating the JNK-MIEF1-mitochondrial division pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 31011291 PMCID: PMC6460675 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a standard treatment for colorectal cancer, but most patients develop 5-FU resistance. Here, we conducted experiments to identify an effective approach to augment 5-FU-based treatment in colorectal cancer in vitro. Methods SW480 cells were in the present study and treated with 5-FU. Besides, LATS2 adenovirus vectors were infected into SW480 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to evaluate cell death and mitochondrial function. Pathway blocker was used to verify the role of MAPK-JNK pathway in SW480 cell death. Results An obvious drop in large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) expression was observed in SW480 cells after treatment with 5-FU. In addition, upregulation of LATS2 expression through infection with LATS2 adenovirus further increased the reduction of SW480 cell viability induced by 5-FU. Functional exploration showed that 5-FU treatment suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced cyt-c release into the nucleus, induced an oxidative injury environment by promoting ROS production, and eventually upregulated Bax-related mitochondrial apoptosis. Besides, LATS2 overexpression in combination with 5-FU treatment further perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis, and this effect was achieved by elevating mitochondrial division. Mechanistically, LATS2 overexpression and 5-FU co-treatment amplified mitochondrial division by upregulating MIEF1 expression in a manner dependent on MAPK-JNK axis. Knockdown of MIEF1 using an siRNA-mediated loss of function assay and/or inhibition of the MAPK-JNK pathway using the specific inhibitor SP600125 abolished LATS2/5-FU-mediated deleterious effects on mitochondrial performance and SW480 cell viability. Conclusions In light of the above findings, LATS2 downregulation could be a potential mechanism of low response to 5-FU treatment. Overexpression of LATS2 to further disrupt mitochondrial function via the JNK-MIEF1 signalling pathway might be a method to optimize 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang L, Wang H, Zhou X, Mao L, Ding K, Hu Z. Role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated Ca 2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2995-3009. [PMID: 30756474 PMCID: PMC6433723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the cellular Ca2+ and iron homeostasis, which can be regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and many neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Under physiological conditions, MCU can be inhibited by ruthenium red (RR) and activated by spermine (Sper). In the present study, we used RR and Sper to reveal the role of MCU in mouse and neuron TBI models. Our results suggested that the Ca2+ and iron concentrations were obviously increased after TBI. In addition, TBI models showed a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deformation of mitochondria, up‐regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and increase in apoptosis. Blockage of MCU by RR prevented Ca2+ and iron accumulation, abated the level of oxidative stress, improved the energy supply, stabilized mitochondria, reduced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Sper did not increase cellular Ca2+ and iron concentrations, but suppressed the Ca2+ and iron accumulation to benefit the mice in vivo. However, Sper had no significant impact on TBI in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that blockage of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation was essential for TBI. These findings indicated that MCU could be a novel therapeutic target for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Tang Y, Jia C, He J, Zhao Y, Chen H, Wang S. The Application and Analytical Pathway of Dexmedetomidine in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:7158142. [PMID: 31949972 PMCID: PMC6948278 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7158142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion cerebral injury can cause serious damage to nerve cells. The injured organelles are cleared by autophagy eventually, which is critical for cell survival. Dexmedetomidine is neuroprotective in various ischemia/reperfusion models. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the most important channel of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx into mitochondria, where Ca2+ has a potential effect on mitochondrial autophagy. However, the role of MCU in the changes of mitophagy and autophagy caused by dexmedetomidine is unknown. In this study, we constructed an in vitro I/R model by subjecting the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion model to SH-SY5Y cells to mimic the cerebral I/R injury. We found that postconditioning with dexmedetomidine and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an autophagy inhibitor) increased the cell survival meanwhile reduced the production of autophagic vesicles and the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1. This process also increased the expression of BCL-2, P62, and TOM20. After applied with spermine (MCU-specific agonist), the expression of autophagy proteins by dexmedetomidine was reversed, and the same changes were also observed in immunofluorescence. The results of our study suggested that dexmedetomidine can inhibit MCU and reduce excessive mitophagy and autophagy for conferring protection against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changxin Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuai He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huayong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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32
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Wang D, Wang Q, Yan G, Qiao Y, Zhu B, Liu B, Tang C. Hypoxia induces lactate secretion and glycolytic efflux by downregulating mitochondrial pyruvate carrier levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1710-1717. [PMID: 29845198 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex, located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, transports pyruvate to the mitochondrial matrix for oxidative phosphorylation. Previous studies have shown that the MPC complex is a key regulator of glycolysis in tumor cells. The present study evaluated the role of the MPC under hypoxic conditions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which rely on glycolysis for energy generation. It was indicated that hypoxia led to an increase in lactate secretion and a decrease in MPC1 and MPC2 levels, which were upregulated following re‑oxygenation. In addition, the knockdown of MPC1 or treatment with the MPC inhibitor UK5099 increased the levels of glycolytic enzymes, HK2, PFKFB3, and LDHA, promoting glycolysis and lactate secretion. Taken together, the present data revealed that hypoxia can induce lactate secretion and glycolytic efflux by downregulating MPC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213004, P.R. China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Boqian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Paupe V, Prudent J. New insights into the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:75-86. [PMID: 28495532 PMCID: PMC5930976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles involved in numerous physiological functions. Beyond their function in ATP production, mitochondria regulate cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, immunity and metabolism. Mitochondria also play a key role in the buffering of cytosolic calcium, and calcium transported into the matrix regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, the identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and associated regulators has allowed the characterization of new physiological roles for calcium in both mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Indeed, recent work has highlighted the importance of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in regulating cell migration. Cell migration is a property common to all metazoans and is critical to embryogenesis, cancer progression, wound-healing and immune surveillance. Previous work has established that cytoplasmic calcium is a key regulator of cell migration, as oscillations in cytosolic calcium activate cytoskeletal remodelling, actin contraction and focal adhesion (FA) turnover necessary for cell movement. Recent work using animal models and in cellulo experiments to genetically modulate MCU and partners have shed new light on the role of mitochondrial calcium dynamics in cytoskeletal remodelling through the modulation of ATP and ROS production, as well as intracellular calcium signalling. This review focuses on MCU and its regulators in cell migration during physiological and pathophysiological processes including development and cancer. We also present hypotheses to explain the molecular mechanisms by which MCU may regulate mitochondrial dynamics and motility to drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paupe
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Lei K, Bai H, Wei Z, Xie C, Wang J, Li J, Chen Q. The mechanism and function of circular RNAs in human diseases. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:147-158. [PMID: 29730164 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered form of RNA. Initially, circRNAs were believed to result from errors during the process of gene transcription. However, after further investigation, scientists suggested that circRNAs are of great biological significance. CircRNAs show stability, conservation, abundance, and tissue and stage specificity. They can also function as miRNA sponges, regulate gene expression, and interact with proteins to affect cell behavior. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that circRNAs participate or show abnormal expression in diseases, including central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers, indicating their marked potential in the prediction and prognosis of diseases and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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White C. The Regulation of Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Transfer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:171. [PMID: 28848710 PMCID: PMC5554129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is one of the many processes orchestrated by calcium (Ca2+) signaling, and its dysregulation drives the increased invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The ability of Ca2+ to function effectively as a regulator of migration requires the generation of temporally complex signals within spatially restricted microdomains. The generation and maintenance of these Ca2+ signals require a specific structural architecture and tightly regulated communication between the extracellular space, intracellular organelles, and cytoplasmic compartments. New insights into how Ca2+ microdomains are shaped by interorganellar Ca2+ communication have shed light on how Ca2+ coordinates cell migration by directing cellular polarization and the rearrangement of structural proteins. Importantly, we are beginning to understand how cancer subverts normal migration through the activity of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that impinge directly on the physiological function or expression levels of Ca2+ signaling proteins. In this review, we present and discuss research at the forefront of interorganellar Ca2+ signaling as it relates to cell migration, metastasis, and cancer progression, with special focus on endoplasmic reticulum-to-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl White
- Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Zheng X, Chen M, Meng X, Chu X, Cai C, Zou F. Phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 at Ser616 regulates mitochondrial fission and is involved in mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic rats. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1191-1199. [PMID: 28698101 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in hyperglycemic rats and the possible involved mechanisms. In this study, we established the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30min in the rats with diabetic hyperglycemia. The neurological deficit score, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and pathohistology are applied to detect the extent of the damage. The expression of Fis1, Mfn2 and Lc3 in the brain is investigated by immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques. The results showed that the streptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperglycemia and MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia were successfully prepared in rats. In the hyperglycemic group, the neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes, and number of pyknotic cells were higher than that in the normalglycemic group at 24h and/or 72h reperfusion. Pretreated with CoQ10 (10mg/kg) for four weeks could significantly reduce the neurological scores, infarct volume, and pyknotic cells at 24h and/or 72h reperfusion of the hyperglycemic rats compared with non-CoQ10 pretreated hyperglycemic animals. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that pretreatment with CoQ10 or insulin could significantly reduce the expression of Fis1 protein in the brain at 24h and 72h reperfusion. Inversely, a significantly increased expression of Mfn2 was observed in the rats CoQ10 or insulin pretreated at 24h and/or 72h reperfusion when compared with matched hyperglycemic rats. These results demonstrated that hyperglycemia could aggravate ischemic brain injury. Pretreatment with CoQ10 might ameliorate the diabetic hyperglycemia aggravated I/R brain damage in the MCAO rats by maintain the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion.
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Yan X, Xun M, Dou X, Wu L, Zhang F, Zheng J. Activation of Na+-K+-ATPase with DRm217 attenuates oxidative stress-induced myocardial cell injury via closing Na+-K+-ATPase/Src/Ros amplifier. Apoptosis 2017; 22:531-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bhosale G, Sharpe JA, Koh A, Kouli A, Szabadkai G, Duchen MR. Pathological consequences of MICU1 mutations on mitochondrial calcium signalling and bioenergetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1009-1017. [PMID: 28132899 PMCID: PMC5424885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations of the protein MICU1, a regulator of mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake, cause a neuronal and muscular disorder characterised by impaired cognition, muscle weakness and an extrapyramidal motor disorder. We have shown previously that MICU1 mutations cause increased resting mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2 +]m). We now explore the functional consequences of MICU1 mutations in patient derived fibroblasts in order to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder. We propose that deregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through loss of MICU1 raises resting [Ca2+]m, initiating a futile Ca2+ cycle, whereby continuous mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is balanced by Ca2+ efflux through the sodium calcium exchanger (NLCXm). Thus, inhibition of NCLXm by CGP-37157 caused rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in patient but not control cells. We suggest that increased NCLX activity will increase sodium/proton exchange, potentially undermining oxidative phosphorylation, although this is balanced by dephosphorylation and activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in response to the increased [Ca2+]m. Consistent with this model, while ATP content in patient derived or control fibroblasts was not different, ATP increased significantly in response to CGP-37157 in the patient but not the control cells. In addition, EMRE expression levels were altered in MICU1 patient cells compared to the controls. The MICU1 mutations were associated with mitochondrial fragmentation which we show is related to altered DRP1 phosphorylation. Thus, MICU1 serves as a signal–noise discriminator in mitochondrial calcium signalling, limiting the energetic costs of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling which may undermine oxidative phosphorylation, especially in tissues with highly dynamic energetic demands. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech. Loss of MICU1 protein expression in human fibroblasts increases resting mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m). The increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes a futile Ca2+ cycle in MICU1 deficient cells. Increased [Ca2+]mactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) by activating PDH phosphatase, consequently dephosphorylating PDH. Loss of MICU1 leads to modifications of the MCU complex composition and mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Bhosale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A Sharpe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Koh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina Kouli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Tangmansakulchai K, Abubakar Z, Kitiyanant N, Suwanjang W, Leepiyasakulchai C, Govitrapong P, Chetsawang B. Calpastatin overexpression reduces oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairment and cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by decreasing calpain and calcineurin activation, induction of mitochondrial fission and destruction of mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yu S, Zheng S, Leng J, Wang S, Zhao T, Liu J. Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uniporter protects neurocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the inhibition of excessive mitophagy. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:24-9. [PMID: 27288019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control and cell survival during the process of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the most important channel responsible for Ca(2+) influx into mitochondria and Ca(2+) signal plays a potential role in modulating mitophagy. However, the effect of MCU on mitophagy during the process of I/R injury remains unknown. This study constructed an in vitro I/R model by subjecting oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) model to SH-SY5Y cells to mimic the cerebral I/R injury and aimed to explore the exact effect of MCU on I/R induced mitophagy. The results showed that OGD/RP induced autophagy and mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. Ru360, the inhibitor of MCU, improved mitochondrial morphology and fuctional stability as well as cell viability, significantly reduced OGD/RP induced mitophagy as evidenced by the decrease in Beclin-1 and the increase in Tom20 and P62 expression. Whereas spermine, the agonist of MCU, had no significant impact on the expression of those mitophagy related proteins compared with OGD/RP group. This study indicates that inhibition of MCU can inhibit excessive mitophagy and protect the neurocytes from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushui Yu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Shengfa Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Huangdao, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Huangdao, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Chuang YC, Lin TK, Yang DI, Yang JL, Liou CW, Chen SD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma dependent pathway reduces the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 and ameliorates hippocampal injury induced by global ischemia in rats. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:44. [PMID: 27175924 PMCID: PMC4865999 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a mitochondrial fission protein that, upon phosphorylation at serine 616 (p-Drp1(Ser616)), plays a pivotal role in neuronal death after ischemia. In the present study, we hypothesized that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ)-dependent pathway can reduce the expression of p-Drp1(Ser616) and ameliorate hippocampal injury induced by global ischemia in rats. RESULTS We found that pretreatment of the rats with Mdivi-1, a selective Drp1 inhibitor, decreased the level of transient global ischemia (TGI)-induced p-Drp1(Ser616) and reduced cellular contents of oxidized proteins, activated caspase-3 expression as well as the extent of DNA fragmentation. Delivery of siRNA against Drp1 attenuated the expression of p-Drp1(Ser616) that was accompanied by alleviation of the TGI-induced protein oxidation, activated caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation in hippocampal proteins. Exogenous application of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduced the p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, decreased TGI-induced oxidative stress and activated caspase-3 expression, lessened the extents of DNA fragmentation, and diminished the numbers of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells; all of these effects were reversed by GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Our findings thus indicated that inhibition of TGI-induced p-Drp1(Ser616) expression by Drp1 inhibitor and Drp1-siRNA can decrease protein oxidation, activated caspase-3 expression and neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. PPARγ agonist, through PPARγ-dependent mechanism and via decreasing p-Drp1(Ser616) expression, can exert anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects against ischemic neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lin SP, Ye S, Long Y, Fan Y, Mao HF, Chen MT, Ma QJ. Circular RNA expression alterations are involved in OGD/R-induced neuron injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:52-6. [PMID: 26845359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common clinical pathological process, and it is a key step in causing further ischemic organ damage. The mechanism of cerebral IRI is still not fully understood, leading to a lack of effective treatment. It has been demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as miRNA sponges and play an important role in regulating gene expression through a circRNA-miRNA-gene pathway. The specific role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of cerebral IRI, however, is still unclear. Thus, in the present study, we investigated circRNA expression differences in HT22 cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) versus normal controls. The results from circRNA microarrays revealed that 15 circRNAs were significantly altered in the OGD/R model (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Among them, 3 were significantly up-regulated, and the other 12 were down-regulated. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of mmu-circRNA-015947 was verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that up-regulated expression of mmu-circRNA-015947 could interact with miRNAs (mmu-miR-188-3p, mmu-miR-329-5p, mmu-miR-3057-3p, mmu-miR-5098 and mmu-miR-683) and thereby enhance target gene expression. KEGG pathway analysis predicted that mmu-circRNA-015947 may participate in apoptosis-related, metabolism-related and immune-related pathways, which are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IRI. This research suggests that the overlapping expression of mmu-circRNA-015947 might be involved in the process of cerebral IRI and presents a novel molecular target for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongxiang Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Ting Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Jie Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250# Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
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