1
|
Lin Y, Huang Y, Yang B, Zhang Y, Ji N, Li J, Zhou Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Precision therapy targeting CAMK2 to overcome resistance to EGFR inhibitors in FAT1-mutated oral squamous cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01204. [PMID: 39227322 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of cancer with a high mortality rate in its late stages. One of the major challenges in OSCC treatment is the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanism underlying drug resistance and develop appropriate precision therapy strategies to enhance clinical efficacy. METHODS To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) inhibitor KN93 and EGFR inhibitors, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using two FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1)-deficient (SCC9 and SCC25) and two FAT1 wild-type (SCC47 and HN12) OSCC cell lines. We assessed the effects of EGFR inhibitors (afatinib or cetuximab), KN93, or their combination on the malignant phenotype of OSCC in vivo and in vitro. The alterations in protein expression levels of members of the EGFR signaling pathway and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) were analyzed. Changes in the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) protein were characterized. Moreover, we analyzed mitochondrial dysfunction. Besides, the effects of combination therapy on mitochondrial dynamics were also evaluated. RESULTS OSCC with FAT1 mutations exhibited resistance to EGFR inhibitors treatment. The combination of KN93 and EGFR inhibitors significantly inhibited the proliferation, survival, and migration of FAT1-mutated OSCC cells and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, combination therapy enhanced the therapeutic sensitivity of FAT1-mutated OSCC cells to EGFR inhibitors by modulating the EGFR pathway and downregulated tumor stemness-related proteins. Furthermore, combination therapy induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics, ultimately resulting in tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with EGFR inhibitors and KN93 could be a novel precision therapeutic strategy and a potential clinical solution for EGFR-resistant OSCC patients with FAT1 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghani M, Szabó B, Alkhatibe M, Amsalu H, Zohar P, Janka EA, Mótyán JA, Tar K. Serine 39 in the GTP-binding domain of Drp1 is involved in shaping mitochondrial morphology. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1147-1165. [PMID: 38760979 PMCID: PMC11216946 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous fusion and fission are critical for mitochondrial health. In this study, we further characterize the role played by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in mitochondrial fission. We show that a single amino acid change in Drp1 at position 39 from serine to alanine (S39A) within the GTP-binding (GTPase) domain results in a fused mitochondrial network in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser-616 and Ser-637 of Drp1 remains unaffected by the S39A mutation, and mitochondrial bioenergetic profile and cell viability in the S39A mutant were comparable to those observed in the control. This leads us to propose that the serine 39 residue of Drp1 plays a crucial role in mitochondrial distribution through its involvement in the GTPase activity. Furthermore, this amino acid mutation leads to structural anomalies in the mitochondrial network. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of the function of the Drp1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvi Ghani
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Bernadett Szabó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Mahmoud Alkhatibe
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Hailemariam Amsalu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Peleg Zohar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
- HUN‐REN‐UD Allergology Research GroupUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| | - Krisztina Tar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenHungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cho Y, Kim YK. ROS-mediated cytoplasmic localization of CARM1 induces mitochondrial fission through DRP1 methylation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103212. [PMID: 38838552 PMCID: PMC11179627 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of mitochondria through fission and fusion is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this study, we discovered a role of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) in mitochondrial dynamics. CARM1 methylates specific residues (R403 and R634) on dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Methylated DRP1 interacts with mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) and forms self-assembly on the outer mitochondrial membrane, thereby triggering fission, reducing oxygen consumption, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This sets in motion a feedback loop that facilitates the translocation of CARM1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, enhancing DRP1 methylation and ROS production through mitochondrial fragmentation. Consequently, ROS reinforces the CARM1-DRP1-ROS axis, resulting in cellular senescence. Depletion of CARM1 or DRP1 impedes cellular senescence by reducing ROS accumulation. The uncovering of the above-described mechanism fills a missing piece in the vicious cycle of ROS-induced senescence and contributes to a better understanding of the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yena Cho
- Muscle Physiome Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- Muscle Physiome Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun F, Fang M, Zhang H, Song Q, Li S, Li Y, Jiang S, Yang L. Drp1: Focus on Diseases Triggered by the Mitochondrial Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:435-455. [PMID: 38438751 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Drp1 (Dynamin-Related Protein 1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase protein encoded by the DNM1L gene that influences mitochondrial dynamics by mediating mitochondrial fission processes. Drp1 has been demonstrated to play an important role in a variety of life activities such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, and death. Drp1 has been shown to play different physiological roles under different physiological conditions, such as normal and inflammation. Recently studies have revealed that Drp1 plays a critical role in the occurrence, development, and aggravation of a series of diseases, thereby it serves as a potential therapeutic target for them. In this paper, we review the structure and biological properties of Drp1, summarize the biological processes that occur in the inflammatory response to Drp1, discuss its role in various cancers triggered by the mitochondrial pathway and investigate effective methods for targeting Drp1 in cancer treatment. We also synthesized the phenomena of Drp1 involving in the triggering of other diseases. The results discussed herein contribute to our deeper understanding of mitochondrial kinetic pathway-induced diseases and their therapeutic applications. It is critical for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of Drp1-induced mitochondrial diseases and preventive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Gynaecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuyao Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang S, Huang M, Wang R, Li M, Dong N, Wu R, Chi Z, Gao L. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation mediates photoreceptor abnormalities in type 1 diabetic retina. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109860. [PMID: 38467174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted that retinal neurodegeneration precedes microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Given the pivotal role of dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress in early DR, our objective was to observe mitochondria-related alterations in the neural retina of type one diabetic mellitus mice with no evidence of DR (T1DM-NDR). We aimed to identify the key mitochondrial-related proteins contributing to mitochondrial injury. Our study revealed that T1DM-NDR mice exhibited outer retina thinning, including the ellipsoid zone, inner segment, and outer segment. Additionally, there was an impaired amplitude of the b-wave in electroretinogram (ERG) and a disorganized arrangement of the photoreceptor layer. In both the retina of DM mice and high glucose (HG)-treated 661w cells, mitochondria appeared swollen and fragmented, with disrupted cristae, disorganized or shortened branches in the mitochondrial network, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Among the mitochondrial-related proteins, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was upregulated, and the ratio of phosphorylated Drp1 protein at serine 616 (S616) and serine 637 (S637) sites significantly increased in the retina of DM mice. The administration of Mdivi-1 ameliorated high-glucose-induced dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby protecting T1DM-NDR mice retina from morphological and functional injuries. Our findings suggest that hyperglycemia promotes Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be a significant factor in the development of DR. The inhibition of high-glucose-induced mitochondrial fission emerges as a potential and innovative intervention strategy for preventing DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ronghan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zailong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu H, Jiang J, Min J, Huang X, McLeod P, Liu W, Haig A, Gunaratnam L, Jevnikar AM, Zhang ZX. The CaMK Family Differentially Promotes Necroptosis and Mouse Cardiac Graft Injury and Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4428. [PMID: 38674016 PMCID: PMC11050252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is associated with various forms of programmed cell death which can accelerate transplant injury and rejection. Targeting cell death in donor organs may represent a novel strategy for preventing allograft injury. We have previously demonstrated that necroptosis plays a key role in promoting transplant injury. Recently, we have found that mitochondria function is linked to necroptosis. However, it remains unknown how necroptosis signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial function during necroptosis. In this study, we investigated the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis. We demonstrate that the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family members CaMK1, 2, and 4 form a complex with RIPK3 in mouse cardiac endothelial cells, to promote trans-phosphorylation during necroptosis. CaMK1 and 4 directly activated the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), while CaMK2 indirectly activated Drp1 via the phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5). The inhibition of CaMKs restored mitochondrial function and effectively prevented endothelial cell death. CaMKs inhibition inhibited activation of CaMKs and Drp1, and cell death and heart tissue injury (n = 6/group, p < 0.01) in a murine model of cardiac transplantation. Importantly, the inhibition of CaMKs greatly prolonged heart graft survival (n = 8/group, p < 0.01). In conclusion, CaMK family members orchestrate cell death in two different pathways and may be potential therapeutic targets in preventing cell death and transplant injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Lu
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jifu Jiang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Jeffery Min
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Xuyan Huang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Patrick McLeod
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Anthony M. Jevnikar
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (H.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu NS, Ma IC, Lin YF, Ko HJ, Loh JK, Hong YR. The mystery of phospho-Drp1 with four adaptors in cell cycle: when mitochondrial fission couples to cell fate decisions. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2485-2503. [PMID: 38053243 PMCID: PMC10802209 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2289753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent study had deepened our knowledge of the mitochondrial dynamics to classify mitochondrial fission into two types. To further clarify the relationship between the two distinct fission machinery and the four major adaptors of Drp1, we propose a model of mechanism elucidating the multiple functions of phospho-Drp1 with its adaptors during cell cycle and providing in-depth insights into the molecular basis and evolutionary implications in depth. The model highlights not only the clustering characteristics of different phospho-Drp1 with respective subsets of mitochondrial pro-fission adaptors but also the correlation, crosstalk and shifting between different clustering of phosphorylated Drp1-adaptors during different key fission situations. Particularly, phospho-Drp1 (Ser616) couples with Mff/MiD51 to exert mitochondrial division and phospho-Drp1 (Ser637) couples with MiD49/Fis1 to execute mitophagy in M-phase. We then apply the model to address the relationship of mitochondrial dynamics to Parkinson's disease (PD) and carcinogenesis. Our proposed model is indeed compatible with current research results and pathological observations, providing promising directions for future treatment design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Siou Wu
- Department of Education, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Chu Ma
- Division of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- Department of Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kawano I, Bazila B, Ježek P, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cristae Shape Changes During Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:684-707. [PMID: 37212238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The architecture of the mitochondrial network and cristae critically impact cell differentiation and identity. Cells undergoing metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), such as immune cells, stem cells, and cancer cells, go through controlled modifications in mitochondrial architecture, which is critical for achieving the resulting cellular phenotype. Recent Advances: Recent studies in immunometabolism have shown that the manipulation of mitochondrial network dynamics and cristae shape directly affects T cell phenotype and macrophage polarization through altering energy metabolism. Similar manipulations also alter the specific metabolic phenotypes that accompany somatic reprogramming, stem cell differentiation, and cancer cells. The modulation of oxidative phosphorylation activity, accompanied by changes in metabolite signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and adenosine triphosphate levels, is the shared underlying mechanism. Critical Issues: The plasticity of mitochondrial architecture is particularly vital for metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, failure to adapt the appropriate mitochondrial morphology often compromises the differentiation and identity of the cell. Immune, stem, and tumor cells exhibit striking similarities in their coordination of mitochondrial morphology with metabolic pathways. However, although many general unifying principles can be observed, their validity is not absolute, and the mechanistic links thus need to be further explored. Future Directions: Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved and their relationships to both mitochondrial network and cristae morphology will not only further deepen our understanding of energy metabolism but may also contribute to improved therapeutic manipulation of cell viability, differentiation, proliferation, and identity in many different cell types. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 684-707.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Kawano
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bazila Bazila
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Van Huynh T, Rethi L, Rethi L, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Kao YH. The Complex Interplay between Imbalanced Mitochondrial Dynamics and Metabolic Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091223. [PMID: 37174622 PMCID: PMC10177489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global burden, with an increasing number of people affected and increasing treatment costs. The advances in research and guidelines improve the management of blood glucose and related diseases, but T2DM and its complications are still a big challenge in clinical practice. T2DM is a metabolic disorder in which insulin signaling is impaired from reaching its effectors. Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" that not only generate the energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using pyruvate supplied from glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and amino acids (AA) but also regulate multiple cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis, redox balance, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The mitochondria are highly dynamic in adjusting their functions according to cellular conditions. The shape, morphology, distribution, and number of mitochondria reflect their function through various processes, collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, transport, and mitophagy. These processes determine the overall mitochondrial health and vitality. More evidence supports the idea that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics play essential roles in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, obesity, and T2DM, as well as imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics found in T2DM. This review updates and discusses mitochondrial dynamics and the complex interactions between it and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Van Huynh
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lekha Rethi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission Protein Interactome as an Emerging Core Player in Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cardiovascular Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065785. [PMID: 36982862 PMCID: PMC10057413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the membrane-bound cell organelles that supply most of the energy needed for cell function, are highly regulated, dynamic organelles bearing the ability to alter both form and functionality rapidly to maintain normal physiological events and challenge stress to the cell. This amazingly vibrant movement and distribution of mitochondria within cells is controlled by the highly coordinated interplay between mitochondrial dynamic processes and fission and fusion events, as well as mitochondrial quality-control processes, mainly mitochondrial autophagy (also known as mitophagy). Fusion connects and unites neighboring depolarized mitochondria to derive a healthy and distinct mitochondrion. In contrast, fission segregates damaged mitochondria from intact and healthy counterparts and is followed by selective clearance of the damaged mitochondria via mitochondrial specific autophagy, i.e., mitophagy. Hence, the mitochondrial processes encompass all coordinated events of fusion, fission, mitophagy, and biogenesis for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Accumulated evidence strongly suggests that mitochondrial impairment has already emerged as a core player in the pathogenesis, progression, and development of various human diseases, including cardiovascular ailments, the leading causes of death globally, which take an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. The crucial factor governing the fission process is the recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fission, from the cytosol to the outer mitochondrial membrane in a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent manner, where it is oligomerized and self-assembles into spiral structures. In this review, we first aim to describe the structural elements, functionality, and regulatory mechanisms of the key mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1, and other mitochondrial fission adaptor proteins, including mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), mitochondrial dynamics 49 (Mid49), and mitochondrial dynamics 51 (Mid51). The core area of the review focuses on the recent advances in understanding the role of the Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission adaptor protein interactome to unravel the missing links of mitochondrial fission events. Lastly, we discuss the promising mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches that involve fission, as well as current evidence on Drp1-mediated fission protein interactions and their critical roles in the pathogeneses of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Collapse
|
13
|
RCAN1 deficiency aggravates sepsis-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by accelerating mitochondrial pathological fission. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1589-1602. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
14
|
Xing J, Qi L, Liu X, Shi G, Sun X, Yang Y. Roles of mitochondrial fusion and fission in breast cancer progression: a systematic review. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:331. [PMID: 36192752 PMCID: PMC9528125 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular physiological activity as cellular organelles. Under extracellular stimulation, mitochondria undergo constant fusion and fission to meet different cellular demands. Mitochondrial dynamics, which are involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, are regulated by specialized proteins and lipids, and their dysregulation causes human diseases, such as cancer. The advanced literature about the crucial role of mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer is performed. Methods All related studies were systematically searched through online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) using keywords (e.g., breast cancer, mitochondrial, fission, and fusion), and these studies were then screened through the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Eligible studies (n = 19) were evaluated and discussed in the systematic review. These advanced studies established the roles of mitochondrial fission and fusion of breast cancer in the metabolism, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Importantly, the manipulating of mitochondrial dynamic is significant for the progresses of breast cancer. Conclusion Understanding the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and fusion during tumorigenesis is important for improving breast cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Xing
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Luyao Qi
- The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxi Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu H, Chen Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Zhang R, Jiao J. TRPC6 mediates high glucose-induced mitochondrial fission through activation of CDK5 in cultured human podocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:984760. [PMID: 36213244 PMCID: PMC9535336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.984760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the precise mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remain unclear. Transient receptor potential canonical channel-6 (TRPC6), a non-selective cation channel permeable to Ca2+, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were increased in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, which can be blocked by pretreatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor. Calpain-1 inhibition by calpeptin or by calpain-1 siRNA transfection not only attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial fission but also reduced the activity of CDK5. Additionally, the CDK5 inhibitor and its siRNA decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in HG-treated podocytes. Collectively, we revealed the essential role of TRPC6 in regulating HG-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through the calpain-1/CDK5 pathway in human podocytes, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jundong Jiao,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hwang J, Thurmond DC. Exocytosis Proteins: Typical and Atypical Mechanisms of Action in Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915509. [PMID: 35774142 PMCID: PMC9238359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is of fundamental importance to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia, and long-term deficits in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake underlie insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of the peripheral glucose uptake from circulation via the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4. GLUT4 is mainly sequestered in intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles in the basal state. In response to insulin, the GLUT4 storage vesicles rapidly translocate to the plasma membrane, where they undergo vesicle docking, priming, and fusion via the high-affinity interactions among the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) exocytosis proteins and their regulators. Numerous studies have elucidated that GLUT4 translocation is defective in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also links defects in several SNAREs and SNARE regulatory proteins to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans. Therefore, we highlight the latest research on the role of SNAREs and their regulatory proteins in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Subsequently, we discuss the novel emerging role of SNARE proteins as interaction partners in pathways not typically thought to involve SNAREs and how these atypical functions reveal novel therapeutic targets for combating peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamin in Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2504798. [PMID: 35571256 PMCID: PMC9106451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. However, the pathophysiological process of stroke is still not fully clarified. Mitochondria play an important role in promoting nerve survival and are an important drug target for the treatment of stroke. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Mitochondria are in a state of continuous fission and fusion, which are termed as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics are very important for maintaining various functions of mitochondria. In this review, we will introduce the structure and functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion related proteins and discuss their role in the pathophysiologic process of stroke. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamin in stroke will pave way for the development of new therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chamberlain SG, Owen D, Mott HR. Membrane extraction by calmodulin underpins the disparate signalling of RalA and RalB. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200011. [PMID: 35318680 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Both RalA and RalB interact with the ubiquitous calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM). New structural and biophysical characterisation of these interactions strongly suggests that, in the native membrane-associated state, only RalA can be extracted from the membrane by CaM and this non-canonical interaction could underpin the divergent signalling roles of these closely related GTPases. The isoform specificity for RalA exhibited by CaM is hypothesised to contribute to the disparate signalling roles of RalA and RalB in mitochondrial dynamics. This would lead to CaM shuttling RalA to the mitochondrial membrane but leaving RalB localisation unperturbed, and in doing so triggering mitochondrial fission pathways rather than mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang Y, Lei W, Zhao L, Wen Y, Li Z. Insights Into Mitochondrial Dynamics in Chlamydial Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835181. [PMID: 35321312 PMCID: PMC8936178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are instrumental in the creation of energy, metabolism, apoptosis, and intrinsic immunity. Mitochondria exhibit an extraordinarily high degree of flexibility, and are constantly undergoing dynamic fusion and fission changes. Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that causes serious health problems in both humans and animals. Due to a deficiency of multiple metabolic enzymes, these pathogenic bacteria are highly dependent on their eukaryotic host cells, resulting in a close link between Chlamydia infection and host cell mitochondria. Indeed, Chlamydia increase mitochondrial fusion by inhibiting the activation of dynein-related protein 1 (DRP1), which can regulate host cell metabolism for extra energy. Additionally, Chlamydia can inhibit mitochondrial fission by blocking DRP1 oligomerization, preventing host cell apoptosis. These mechanisms are critical for maintaining a favorable environment for reproduction and growth of Chlamydia. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission, as well as the mechanisms by which Chlamydia infection alters the mitochondrial dynamics and the prospects of limiting chlamydial development by altering mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nrf2 Deficiency Attenuates Testosterone Efficiency in Ameliorating Mitochondrial Function of the Substantia Nigra in Aged Male Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3644318. [PMID: 35222795 PMCID: PMC8881137 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3644318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reduced testosterone level is a common feature of aging in men. Aging, as a risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders, shows declined mitochondrial function and downregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics are crucial in maintaining proper mitochondrial function. Supplementation with testosterone is conducive to improving mitochondrial function of males during aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of redox homeostasis, is involved in the ameliorative effects of testosterone supplementation upon aging. To explore Nrf2 role in the effects of testosterone supplementation on mitochondrial function during aging, we studied the efficiency of testosterone supplementation in improving mitochondrial function of Nrf2 knockout- (KO-) aged male mice by analyzing the changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. It was found that wild-type- (WT-) aged male mice showed low mitochondrial function and expression levels of PGC-1α, NRF-1\NRF-2, and TFAM regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as Drp1, Mfn1, and OPA1 controlling mitochondrial dynamics in the substantia nigra (SN). Nrf2 KO aggravated the defects above in SN of aged male mice. Testosterone supplementation to WT-aged male mice significantly ameliorated mitochondrial function and upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics, which were not shown in Nrf2 KO-aged male mice due to Nrf2 deficiency. Testosterone deficiency by gonadectomy (GDX) decreased mitochondrial function, downregulated mitochondrial biogenesis, and altered mitochondrial dynamics balance in young male mice. Supplementation with testosterone to Nrf2 KO-GDX mice only ameliorated the alterations above but did not reverse them to sham level. Nrf2 deficiency attenuated testosterone efficiency in ameliorating mitochondrial function in the SN of aged male mice through mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics to some extent. Activation of Nrf2 might contribute to testosterone-upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics in the SN during aging to produce efficient mitochondria for ATP production.
Collapse
|
21
|
Merz KE, Hwang J, Zhou C, Veluthakal R, McCown EM, Hamilton A, Oh E, Dai W, Fueger PT, Jiang L, Huss JM, Thurmond DC. Enrichment of the exocytosis protein STX4 in skeletal muscle remediates peripheral insulin resistance and alters mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35058456 PMCID: PMC8776765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Syntaxin 4 (STX4) levels are reduced in human diabetic skeletal muscle, and global transgenic enrichment of STX4 expression improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Here, we show that transgenic skeletal muscle-specific STX4 enrichment (skmSTX4tg) in mice reverses established insulin resistance and improves mitochondrial function in the context of diabetogenic stress. Specifically, skmSTX4tg reversed insulin resistance caused by high-fat diet (HFD) without altering body weight or food consumption. Electron microscopy of wild-type mouse muscle revealed STX4 localisation at or proximal to the mitochondrial membrane. STX4 enrichment prevented HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction through a mechanism involving STX4-Drp1 interaction and elevated AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at Drp1 S637, which favors fusion. Our findings challenge the dogma that STX4 acts solely at the plasma membrane, revealing that STX4 localises at/proximal to and regulates the function of mitochondria in muscle. These results establish skeletal muscle STX4 enrichment as a candidate therapeutic strategy to reverse peripheral insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla E Merz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Hwang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Erika M McCown
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luan Y, Ren KD, Luan Y, Chen X, Yang Y. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:770574. [PMID: 34938787 PMCID: PMC8685340 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.770574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cell (EC) or vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction leads to blood vessel abnormalities, which cause a series of vascular diseases. The mitochondria are the core sites of cell energy metabolism and function in blood vessel development and vascular disease pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission, affect a variety of physiological or pathological processes. Multiple studies have confirmed the influence of mitochondrial dynamics on vascular diseases. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics, the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, and their potential effects on ECs and VSMCs. We demonstrated the possibility of mitochondrial dynamics as a potential target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamashita R, Fujii S, Ushioda R, Nagata K. Ca 2+ imbalance caused by ERdj5 deletion affects mitochondrial fragmentation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20772. [PMID: 34728782 PMCID: PMC8563984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for the folding of secretory/membrane proteins and acts as a dynamic calcium ion (Ca2+) store involved in various cellular signalling pathways. Previously, we reported that the ER-resident disulfide reductase ERdj5 is involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins in the ER and the activation of SERCA2b, a Ca2+ pump on the ER membrane. These results highlighted the importance of the regulation of redox activity in both Ca2+ and protein homeostasis in the ER. Here, we show that the deletion of ERdj5 causes an imbalance in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the activation of Drp1, a cytosolic GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, and finally the aberrant fragmentation of mitochondria, which affects cell viability as well as phenotype with features of cellular senescence. Thus, ERdj5-mediated regulation of intracellular Ca2+ is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involved in cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyuji Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. .,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 605-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan. .,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 605-8555, Japan. .,JT Biohistory Research Hall, Murasaki Town 1-1, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kelly CM, Byrnes LJ, Neela N, Sondermann H, O'Donnell JP. The hypervariable region of atlastin-1 is a site for intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212648. [PMID: 34546351 PMCID: PMC8563291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlastin (ATL) GTPases catalyze homotypic membrane fusion of the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER). GTP-hydrolysis–driven conformational changes and membrane tethering are prerequisites for proper membrane fusion. However, the molecular basis for regulation of these processes is poorly understood. Here we establish intrinsic and extrinsic modes of ATL1 regulation that involve the N-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) of ATLs. Crystal structures of ATL1 and ATL3 exhibit the HVR as a distinct, isoform-specific structural feature. Characterizing the functional role of ATL1’s HVR uncovered its positive effect on membrane tethering and on ATL1’s cellular function. The HVR is post-translationally regulated through phosphorylation-dependent modification. A kinase screen identified candidates that modify the HVR site specifically, corresponding to the modifications on ATL1 detected in cells. This work reveals how the HVR contributes to efficient and potentially regulated activity of ATLs, laying the foundation for the identification of cellular effectors of ATL-mediated membrane processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Laura J Byrnes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Niharika Neela
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Holger Sondermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John P O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Counsil (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Increased ROS-Dependent Fission of Mitochondria Causes Abnormal Morphology of the Cell Powerhouses in a Murine Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6924251. [PMID: 34691359 PMCID: PMC8531774 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6924251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease in humans and remains to have a fatal prognosis. Recent studies in animal models and human ALS patients indicate that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis. Considering previous studies revealing the influence of ROS on mitochondrial physiology, our attention was focused on mitochondria in the murine ALS model, wobbler mouse. The aim of this study was to investigate morphological differences between wild-type and wobbler mitochondria with aid of superresolution structured illumination fluorescence microscopy, TEM, and TEM tomography. To get an insight into mitochondrial dynamics, expression studies of corresponding proteins were performed. Here, we found significantly smaller and degenerated mitochondria in wobbler motor neurons at a stable stage of the disease. Our data suggest a ROS-regulated, Ox-CaMKII-dependent Drp1 activation leading to disrupted fission-fusion balance, resulting in fragmented mitochondria. These changes are associated with numerous impairments, resulting in an overall self-reinforcing decline of motor neurons. In summary, our study provides common pathomechanisms with other ALS models and human ALS cases confirming mitochondria and related dysfunctions as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALS.
Collapse
|
26
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis infection promotes mitochondrial dysfunction through Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:28. [PMID: 34475379 PMCID: PMC8413291 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key pathogen in periodontitis, has been shown to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the definite mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging evidence supports an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and AS. In our study, the impact of P. gingivalis on mitochondrial dysfunction and the potential mechanism were investigated. The mitochondrial morphology of EA.hy926 cells infected with P. gingivalis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial staining, and quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial network. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis were performed to determine mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. Cellular ATP production was examined by a luminescence assay kit. The expression of key fusion and fission proteins was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. Mdivi-1, a specific Drp1 inhibitor, was used to elucidate the role of Drp1 in mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings showed that P. gingivalis infection induced mitochondrial fragmentation, increased the mtROS levels, and decreased the MMP and ATP concentration in vascular endothelial cells. We observed upregulation of Drp1 (Ser616) phosphorylation and translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria. Mdivi-1 blocked the mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction induced by P. gingivalis. Collectively, these results revealed that P. gingivalis infection promoted mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, which was dependent on Drp1. Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent the mechanism by which P. gingivalis exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia D, Zhang J, Nie J, Andersen JP, Rendon S, Zheng Y, Liu X, Tian Z, Shi Y. Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links hypoxia to coronary artery disease by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3498-3511. [PMID: 34111561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiac health. A loss of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (TLCL), the predominant cardiolipin species in the healthy mammalian heart, is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we identified acyl-coenzyme A:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) as the missing link between hypoxia and CHD in an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). ALCAT1 is an acyltransferase that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in aging-related diseases by catalyzing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin. In support of a causative role of ALCAT1 in CHD, we showed that ALCAT1 expression was potently upregulated by MI, linking myocardial hypoxia to oxidative stress, TLCL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, ablation of the ALCAT1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of the ALCAT1 enzyme by Dafaglitapin (Dafa), a potent and highly specific ALCAT1 inhibitor, not only restored TLCL levels but also mitochondrial respiration by attenuating signal transduction pathways mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Consequently, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa effectively mitigated CHD and its underlying pathogenesis, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Together, the findings have provided the first proof-of-concept studies for targeting ALCAT1 as an effective treatment for CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John-Paul Andersen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Samantha Rendon
- Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rahman FA, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial network remodeling: an important feature of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4653-4675. [PMID: 33751143 PMCID: PMC11072563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the mitochondrial network is a critical process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is intimately related to mitochondrial function. The interplay between the formation of new mitochondria (biogenesis) and the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) provide a means for the repopulation of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, mitochondrial fission and fusion serve as a bridge between biogenesis and mitophagy. In recent years, the importance of these processes has been characterised in multiple tissue- and cell-types, and under various conditions. In skeletal muscle, the robust remodeling of the mitochondrial network is observed, particularly after injury where large portions of the tissue/cell structures are damaged. The significance of mitochondrial remodeling in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration has been widely studied, with alterations in mitochondrial remodeling processes leading to incomplete regeneration and impaired skeletal muscle function. Needless to say, important questions related to mitochondrial remodeling and skeletal muscle regeneration still remain unanswered and require further investigation. Therefore, this review will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial network remodeling, as well as integrate these mechanisms and discuss their relevance in myogenesis and regenerating skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ahmad Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in cardiovascular disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:655-664. [PMID: 32913266 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles undergoing cycles of fusion and fission to modulate their morphology, distribution, and function, which are referred as 'mitochondrial dynamics'. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is known as the major pro-fission protein whose activity is tightly regulated to clear the damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, ensuring a strict control over the intricate process of cellular and organ dynamics in heart. Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Drp1 have been identified including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, palmitoylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which implicate a role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. An intact mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for heart to fuel contractile function and cardiomyocyte metabolism, while defects in mitochondrial dynamics constitute an essential part of the pathophysiology underlying various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the critical role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of CVDs including endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. We also highlight how the targeting of Drp1 could potentially contribute to CVDs treatments.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang D, Rong R, Yang R, You M, Wang M, Li H, Ji D. CaMK II -induced Drp1 phosphorylation contributes to blue light-induced AIF-mediated necroptosis in retinal R28 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:113-120. [PMID: 33940381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal damage caused by blue light has become an important public health concern. Mitochondria have been found to play a key role in light-induced retinal cell death. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism involved in mitochondrion-related retinal cell damage caused by blue light, the major component of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Our results show that blue light (450 nm, 300lux)-induced R28 cell death is caspase independent and can be attenuated by necrostatin-1. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) cleavage and translocation to the nucleus are involved in the cell death progress. Blue light exposure causes mitochondrial fragmentation, which is mediated by phosphorylation at dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 site, but it does not alter the protein levels of fission or fusion machinery. Knocking down Drp1 or treatment with Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 protects R28 cells from blue light. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is induced by blue light. The ROS scavenger Trolox decreases Drp1 Ser616 phosphorylation level and mitochondrial fragmentation upon blue light exposure. Moreover, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN93 blocks Drp1 phosphorylation and rescues mitochondrial fragmentation and AIF-mediated cell death caused by blue light. In conclusion, our data suggest that the CaMKII-Drp1 pathway plays a major role in blue light-induced AIF-mediated retinal cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yang
- The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongliang Yang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengling You
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Dan Ji
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tresse E, Riera-Ponsati L, Jaberi E, Sew WQG, Ruscher K, Issazadeh-Navikas S. IFN-β rescues neurodegeneration by regulating mitochondrial fission via STAT5, PGAM5, and Drp1. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106868. [PMID: 33913175 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for providing cellular energy, particularly in resource-demanding neurons, defects in which cause neurodegeneration, but the function of interferons (IFNs) in regulating neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis is unknown. We found that neuronal IFN-β is indispensable for mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism, sustaining ATP levels and preventing excessive ROS by controlling mitochondrial fission. IFN-β induces events that are required for mitochondrial fission, phosphorylating STAT5 and upregulating PGAM5, which phosphorylates serine 622 of Drp1. IFN-β signaling then recruits Drp1 to mitochondria, oligomerizes it, and engages INF2 to stabilize mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) platforms. This process tethers damaged mitochondria to the ER to separate them via fission. Lack of neuronal IFN-β in the Ifnb-/- model of Parkinson disease (PD) disrupts STAT5-PGAM5-Drp1 signaling, impairing fission and causing large multibranched, damaged mitochondria with insufficient ATP production and excessive oxidative stress to accumulate. In other PD models, IFN-β rescues dopaminergic neuronal cell death and pathology, associated with preserved mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, IFN-β activates mitochondrial fission in neurons through the pSTAT5/PGAM5/S622 Drp1 pathway to stabilize mitochondria/ER platforms, constituting an essential neuroprotective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Tresse
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lluís Riera-Ponsati
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elham Jaberi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Qi Guinevere Sew
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research and LUBIN Lab - Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Changes in Drp1 Function and Mitochondrial Morphology Are Associated with the α-Synuclein Pathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040885. [PMID: 33924585 PMCID: PMC8070398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology are associated with many human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial impairment is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics are seen in PD models. In particular, α-synuclein (αS) abnormalities are often associated with pathological changes to mitochondria. However, the relationship between αS pathology and mitochondrial dynamics remains poorly defined. Herein, we examined a mouse model of α-synucleinopathy for αS pathology-linked alterations in mitochondrial dynamics in vivo. We show that α-synucleinopathy in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model expressing familial PD-linked mutant A53T human αS (TgA53T) is associated with a decrease in Drp1 localization and activity in the mitochondria. In addition, we show that the loss of Drp1 function in the mitochondria is associated with two distinct phenotypes of enlarged neuronal mitochondria. Mitochondrial enlargement was only present in diseased animals and, apart from Drp1, other proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics are unlikely to cause these changes, as their levels remained mostly unchanged. Further, the levels of Mfn1, a protein that facilitates mitochondrial fusion, was decreased nonspecifically with transgene expression. These results support the view that altered mitochondrial dynamics are a significant neuropathological factor in α-synucleinopathies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang H, Wang L, Zang C, Yang X, Bao X, Shang J, Zhang Z, Liu H, Ju C, Li F, Yuan F, Zhang D. Squamosamide Derivative FLZ Diminishes Aberrant Mitochondrial Fission by Inhibiting Dynamin-Related Protein 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:588003. [PMID: 33815098 PMCID: PMC8017221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.588003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial morphology is dynamic and precisely regulated by mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery. Aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation, which can result in cell death, is controlled by the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Our previous results demonstrated that FLZ could correct mitochondrial dysfunction, but the effect of FLZ on mitochondrial dynamics remain uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of FLZ and the role of Drp1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)–induced mitochondrial fission in neurons. We observed that FLZ blocked Drp1, inhibited Drp1 enzyme activity, and reduced excessive mitochondrial fission in cultured neurons. Furthermore, by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and ROS production, FLZ improved mitochondrial integrity and membrane potential, resulting in neuroprotection. FLZ curtailed the reduction of synaptic branches of primary cultured dopaminergic neurons caused by MPP+ exposure, reduced abnormal fission, restored normal mitochondrial distribution in neurons, and exhibited protective effects on dopaminergic neurons. The in vitro research results were validated using an MPTP-induced PD mouse model. The in vivo results revealed that FLZ significantly reduced the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 in the midbrain of PD mice, which, in turn, reduced the mitochondrial fragmentation in mouse substantia nigra neurons. FLZ also protected dopaminergic neurons in PD mice and increased the dopamine content in the striatum, which improved the motor coordination ability of the mice. These findings elucidate this newly discovered mechanism through which FLZ produces neuroprotection in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Duran J, Nickel L, Estrada M, Backs J, van den Hoogenhof MMG. CaMKIIδ Splice Variants in the Healthy and Diseased Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644630. [PMID: 33777949 PMCID: PMC7991079 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing has been recognized in recent years as a pivotal player in heart development and disease. The Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase family and generates at least 11 different splice variants through alternative splicing. This enzyme, which belongs to the CaMKII family, is the predominant family member in the heart and functions as a messenger toward adaptive or detrimental signaling in cardiomyocytes. Classically, the nuclear CaMKIIδB and cytoplasmic CaMKIIδC splice variants are described as mediators of arrhythmias, contractile function, Ca2+ handling, and gene transcription. Recent findings also put CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδ9 as cardinal players in the global CaMKII response in the heart. In this review, we discuss and summarize the new insights into CaMKIIδ splice variants and their (proposed) functions, as well as CaMKII-engineered mouse phenotypes and cardiac dysfunction related to CaMKIIδ missplicing. We also discuss RNA splicing factors affecting CaMKII splicing. Finally, we discuss the translational perspective derived from these insights and future directions on CaMKIIδ splicing research in the healthy and diseased heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Duran
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Nickel
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maarten M G van den Hoogenhof
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Shang H, Zhao X, Qu M, Peng T, Guo B, Hu Y, Song X. Radix Puerarin Extract ( Puerarin) Could Improve Meat Quality of Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle Through Changing Muscle Antioxidant Ability and Fiber Characteristics. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:615086. [PMID: 33521088 PMCID: PMC7844198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.615086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Puerarin on meat quality, muscle antioxidant ability, and muscle fiber characteristics of beef cattle under a hot environment in summer. Thirty-two 15 ± 1.5-month-old Jinjiang bulls (291.65 ± 8.84 kg) were randomly divided into four groups with dietary Puerarin at 0 (control), 200 (Pue200), 400 (Pue400), and 800 (Pue800) mg/kg in the feed concentrate (n = 8). The feeding trial lasted for 60 days after a 10-day adaptation period (July 1-September 8); the average values of temperature, relative humidity and temperature, and humidity index were 30.68°C, 68.05%, and 81.81, respectively. The growth performance on day 40 of the experiment period was calculated. After 60 days' experimental period, four Jinjiang cattle per treatment from the control group, Pue400 group, and Pue800 group were slaughtered. Compared with the control group, the Pue400 and Pue800 groups improved the growth performance of beef cattle; the Pue800 group elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase in the M. longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. In the control group, the cell membrane was incomplete, and most of the mitochondria were elongated and in a fission state, while in the Pue400 and Pue800 groups, the cell membrane was clear and complete, and the mitochondria presented with round and oval shapes. Compared with the control group, the Pue400 and Pue800 groups reduced the shear force of the LT muscle, and the Pue400 group decreased the muscle fiber diameter and the myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-IIb gene expression. Furthermore, the Pue400 and Pue800 groups decreased the ratio of AMP/ATP, the Pue800 group reduced the AMP-activated protein kinase α2 mRNA expression, and the Pue400 group improved the nuclear respiratory factor 1 mRNA expression. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with Puerarin might be beneficial to the meat quality of heat-stressed beef cattle by improving muscle antioxidant ability and reducing the MyHC-IIb muscle fiber composition. Based on the results of this study, we recommended 400 mg/kg Puerarin in the feed concentrate of beef cattle (~300 kg) for mitigation of heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanle Shang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cdk5-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation drives mitochondrial defects and neuronal apoptosis in radiation-induced optic neuropathy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:720. [PMID: 32883957 PMCID: PMC7473761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a devastating complication following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) that leads to acute vision loss. To date, no efficient, available treatment for this complication, due partly to the lack of understanding regarding the developmental processes behind RION. Here, we report radiation caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the mitochondrial fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and fission-1 (Fis1). Concurrent with an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both neuronal injury and visual dysfunction resulted. Further, our findings delineate an important mechanism by which cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 (Ser616) regulates defects in mitochondrial dynamics associated with neuronal injury in the development of RION. Both the pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 by roscovitine and the inhibition of Drp1 by mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fission and the production of ROS associated with radiation-induced neuronal loss. Taken together, these findings may have clinical significance in preventing the development of RION.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sabouny R, Shutt TE. Reciprocal Regulation of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:564-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang C, Wang J, Zhu J, Chen Y, Han X. Microcystin-leucine-arginine induced neurotoxicity by initiating mitochondrial fission in hippocampal neurons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134702. [PMID: 31753492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrate potent acute hippocampal neurotoxicity. Chronic exposure to MC-LR has been confirmed to cause learning and memory deficits in mice, but the potential molecular mechanism of MC-LR-caused neurotoxicity is still unclear. In this research, we observed that MC-LR induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in HT-22 hippocampal neurons. Moreover, further studies identified that MC-LR induced mitochondrial fragmentation via activating Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), contributing to apoptosis of hippocampal neuronal cells. The observed effects were associated with increased intracellular Ca2+ and reduced activity of protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) as results of MC-LR exposure in hippocampal neuron cells. Ca2+ activates CaMK II and Akt to enhance phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616 residue. Inhibition of PP2A activity increased AMPK activity to mediate phosphorylation of Mff. Our data proved that MC-LR can cause mitochondrial fragmentation in hippocampal neurons, which provides novel perception to explore the underlying molecular mechanism associated with MC-LR-induced neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease-like changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:287-298. [PMID: 31711984 PMCID: PMC7274136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the microvascular endothelium is an important part of normal tissue injury after radiation exposure and driven by the production of pro-oxidants. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is present in the mitochondrial matrix (mitoCaMKII) where it regulates Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and pro-oxidant production. Here, we demonstrate that radiation exposure disrupts endothelial cell barrier integrity in vitro, but can be abrogated by inhibition of mitoCaMKII, MCU, or opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Scavenging of mitochondrial pro-oxidants with mitoTEMPO before, but not after irradiation, protected barrier function. Furthermore, markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial pro-oxidant production were elevated at 24 h following irradiation and abolished by mitoCaMKII inhibition. Endothelial barrier dysfunction was detected as early as 2 h after irradiation. Despite only mildly impaired mitochondrial respiration, the intracellular ATP levels were significantly reduced 4 h after irradiation and correlated with barrier function. MitoCaMKII inhibition improved intracellular ATP concentrations by increasing glycolysis. Finally, DNA double strand break repair and non-homologous end joining, two major drivers of ATP consumption after irradiation, were greatly increased but not significantly affected by mitoCaMKII inhibition. These findings support the hypothesis that mitoCaMKII activity is linked to mitochondrial pro-oxidant production, reduced ATP production, and loss of endothelial barrier function following irradiation. The inhibition of mitoCaMKII is a promising approach to limiting radiation-induced endothelial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mitochondrial fission promotes radiation-induced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ level leading to mitotic catastrophe in mouse breast cancer EMT6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:144-150. [PMID: 31757415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for cellular survival in response to various stresses. Previously, we reported that Drp1 promoted mitochondrial fission after x-irradiation and its inhibition resulted in reduced cellular radiosensitivity and mitotic catastrophe. However, the mechanisms of radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe related to mitochondrial fission remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of cellular ATP production, ROS generation, and Ca2+ levels in mitotic catastrophe in EMT6 cells. Knockdown of Drp1 and Fis1, which are mitochondrial fission regulators, resulted in elongated mitochondria and significantly attenuated cellular radiosensitivity. Reduced mitochondrial fission mainly decreased mitotic catastrophe rather than necrosis and apoptosis after irradiation. Cellular ATP contents in Drp1 and Fis1 knockdown cells were similar to those in control cells. N-acetylcysteine and 2-glucopyranoside ascorbic acid have no effect on mitotic catastrophe after irradiation. The cellular [Ca2+]i level increased after irradiation, which was completely suppressed by Drp1 and Fis1 inhibition. Furthermore, BAPTA-AM significantly reduced radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe, indicating that cellular Ca2+ is a key mediator of mitotic catastrophe induction after irradiation. These results suggest that mitochondrial fission is associated with radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe via cytosolic Ca2+ regulation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Role of PGC-1α in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2031-2043. [PMID: 31410709 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major cell organelles responsible for ATP production, it is important that neurons maintain mitochondria with structural and functional integrity; this is especially true for neurons with high metabolic requirements. When mitochondrial damage occurs, mitochondria are able to maintain a steady state of functioning through molecular and organellar quality control, thus ensuring neuronal function. And when mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fails, mitochondria mediate apoptosis. An apparently key molecule in MQC is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recent findings have demonstrated that upregulation of PGC-1α expression in neurons can modulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in certain in vivo and in vitro aging or neurodegenerative encephalopathy models, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Because mitochondrial function and quality control disorders are the basis of pathogenesis in almost all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the role of PGC-1α may make it a viable entry point for the treatment of such diseases. This review focuses on multi-level MQC in neurons, as well as the regulation of MQC by PGC-1α in these major NDDs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hashimoto M, Saito N, Ohta H, Yamamoto K, Tashiro A, Nakazawa K, Inanami O, Kitamura H. Inhibition of ubiquitin-specific protease 2 causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, and intracellular ATP decrement in C2C12 myoblasts. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14193. [PMID: 31353872 PMCID: PMC6661303 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) is considered to participate in the differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, however, its functions in myoblasts under growth conditions remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the physiological roles of USP2 in myoblasts using Usp2 knockout (KO) C2C12 cells as well as a USP2 specific inhibitor. In addition to the disruption of differentiation, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-generated Usp2KO cells exhibited inhibition of proliferation compared to parental C2C12 cells. Usp2KO cells reduced the accumulation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and oxygen consumption. Moreover, Usp2KO cells had fragmented mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial respiration was inactive. The deficiency of Usp2 did not affect the enzymatic activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V. However, mitochondrial membrane permeability-evaluated using calcein AM-cobalt staining-was increased in Usp2KO cells. The membrane potential of Usp2KO cells was clearly decreased. Usp2KO cells accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. The USP2-selective inhibitor ML364 also increased the levels of mitochondrial ROS, and modulated the membrane potential and morphology of the mitochondria. These effects were followed by a decrement in the intracellular content of ATP. Based on these findings, we speculate that USP2 may be involved in maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. This process ensures the supply of ATP in myoblasts, presumably leading to proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Natsuko Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Haru Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Kumiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Asuka Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Kosuke Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary MedicineRakuno Gakuen UniversityEbetsuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Huang W, Fan Y, Sun Y, Ge X. Role of GTPases in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in Parkinson's disease. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111460. [PMID: 31194975 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelle that undergo frequent fusion and division, and the balance of these opposing processes regulates mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and function. Mitochondrial fission facilitates the replication and distribution of mitochondria during cell division, whereas the fusion process including inner and outer mitochondrial membrane fusion allows the exchange of intramitochondrial material between adjacent mitochondria. Despite several GTPase family proteins have been implicated as key modulators of mitochondrial dynamics, the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and function remain not clearly understood. Neuronal function and survival are closely related to mitochondria dynamics, and disturbed mitochondrial fission/fusion may influence neurotransmission, synaptic maintenance, neuronal survival and function. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aberrant mitochondrial dynamics plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Collectively, we review the molecular mechanism of known GTPase proteins in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion, but also highlight the causal role for mitochondrial dynamics in PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yiyun Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu J, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhang H, Gao Z, Li Y, Fu R, Li L, Li J, Cui H, Gao N. ROS-mediated activation and mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII contributes to Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by isorhamnetin and chloroquine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:225. [PMID: 31138329 PMCID: PMC6540563 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of available targeted therapies and to problems of resistance with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, finding new treatments for TNBC remains a challenge and a better therapeutic strategy is urgently required. Methods TNBC cells and xenograft mice were treated with a combination of chloroquine (CQ) and isorhamnetin (IH). Mitochondrial fission, apoptosis, and related signaling pathways were determined by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and related molecular biological techniques. Results The inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy by CQ selectively enhances IH-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in TNBC cells but not in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. These events were accompanied by mitochondrial translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. Mechanistically, these effects were associated with oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKII (Thr286) and Drp1 (S616), and subsequent mitochondrial translocation of CaMKII and Drp1. The interruption of the CaMKII pathway by genetic approaches (e.g. CaMKII mutant or siRNA) attenuated combination-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. The combination of CQ/IH was a marked inhibitor tumor growth, inducing apoptosis in the TNBC xenograft mouse model in association with the activation of CaMKII and Drp1 (S616). Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of ROS-mediating CaMKII/Drp1 signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by combination of CQ/IH. These findings also suggest that IH could potentially be further developed as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Furthermore, a combination of IH with classic autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1201-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Greater Philadelphia Pharmacy, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yunong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lirong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 2#Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2#Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hegyi B, Bers DM, Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:246-259. [PMID: 30633874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in diabetes and significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Diabetes is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, which may further enhance CaMKII. Activation of CaMKII occurs downstream of neurohormonal stimulation (e.g. via G-protein coupled receptors) and involve various posttranslational modifications including autophosphorylation, oxidation, S-nitrosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. CaMKII signaling regulates diverse cellular processes in a spatiotemporal manner including excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling, mechanics and energetics in cardiac myocytes. Chronic activation of CaMKII results in cellular remodeling and ultimately arrhythmogenic alterations in Ca2+ handling, ion channels, cell-to-cell coupling and metabolism. This review addresses the detrimental effects of the upregulated CaMKII signaling to enhance the arrhythmogenic substrate and trigger mechanisms in the heart. We also briefly summarize preclinical studies using kinase inhibitors and genetically modified mice targeting CaMKII in diabetes. The mechanistic understanding of CaMKII signaling, cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets and ultimately better treatment in diabetes and heart disease in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Daghistani HM, Rajab BS, Kitmitto A. Three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques for unravelling mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and identification of new pharmacological targets. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:4340-4359. [PMID: 30225980 PMCID: PMC6887664 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of heart failure is mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a bioenergetics imbalance in the myocardium. Consequently, there is much interest in targeting mitochondrial abnormalities to attenuate the pathogenesis of heart failure. This review discusses (i) how electron microscopy (EM) techniques have been fundamental for the current understanding of mitochondrial structure–function, (ii) the paradigm shift in resolutions now achievable by 3‐D EM techniques due to the introduction of direct detection devices and phase plate technology, and (iii) the application of EM for unravelling mitochondrial pathological remodelling in heart failure. We further consider the tremendous potential of multi‐scale EM techniques for the development of therapeutics, structure‐based ligand design and for delineating how a drug elicits nanostructural effects at the molecular, organelle and cellular levels. In conclusion, 3‐D EM techniques have entered a new era of structural biology and are poised to play a pivotal role in discovering new therapies targeting mitochondria for treating heart failure. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam M Daghistani
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bodour S Rajab
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gen WR, Fu CY, He HH, Zheng MZ, Wang LL, Yang Y, Shen YL, Chen YY. Linagliptin improved myocardial function recovery in rat hearts after a prolonged hypothermic preservation. Life Sci 2018; 210:47-54. [PMID: 30170072 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, can promote the recovery of cardiac function after hypothermic preservation. MAIN METHODS Rat hearts were preserved in cold Celsior solution with or without linagliptin for 9 h. Cardiac function was evaluated at 60 min of reperfusion after hypothermic preservation. Cardiac mitochondrial morphology was observed using transmission electron microscope. The expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) were detected using Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Compared with Celsior group, supplement of Celsior solution with linagliptin (0.25-0.75 nM) could significantly prevent hypothermic preservation-induced cardiac dysfunction. The expression of NOX2 protein, ROS level and MDA content in cardium were increased after hypothermic preservation, which was inhibited by linagliptin. Although the mitofusin1, 2, optic atrophy type 1, and total Drp1 expression in myocardium did not change, the level of p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 were enhanced after hypothermic preservation. Linagliptin supplement could inhibit the hypothermic preservation-induced increase in p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 protein, and mitigate the mitochondrial fragmentation. Level of p-CaMKII protein enhanced after hypothermic preservation, which could be prevented by linagliptin or a NOX2 inhibitor Phox-I2. Both Phox-I2 and a CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 could reduce the hypothermic preservation-induced increase in p-Drp1 S616 and mitochondrial Drp1 protein. SIGNIFICANCE Supplement Celsior solution with linagliptin could improve cardiac function recovery in 9-h hypothermic preserved rat hearts. The cardioprotective effect of linagliptin might be due to the inhibition of Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation by preventing NOX2-mediated CaMKII activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ran Gen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Hui He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|