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Eroglu B, Isales C, Eroglu A. Age and duration of obesity modulate the inflammatory response and expression of neuroprotective factors in mammalian female brain. Aging Cell 2024:e14313. [PMID: 39230054 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic and is associated with comorbidities, including diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While appreciable insight has been gained into the mechanisms of obesity-associated comorbidities, effects of age, and duration of obesity on the female brain remain obscure. To address this gap, adolescent and mature adult female mice were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 or 26 weeks, whereas age-matched controls were fed a standard diet. Subsequently, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic/neuroprotective factors, and markers of microgliosis and astrogliosis were analyzed in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, along with inflammation in visceral adipose tissue. HFD led to a typical obese phenotype in all groups independent of age and duration of HFD. However, the intermediate duration of obesity induced a limited inflammatory response in adolescent females' hypothalamus while the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and visceral adipose tissue remained unaffected. In contrast, the prolonged duration of obesity resulted in inflammation in all three brain regions and visceral adipose tissue along with upregulation of microgliosis/astrogliosis and suppression of neurotrophic/neuroprotective factors in all brain regions, denoting the duration of obesity as a critical risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, when female mice were older (i.e., mature adult), even the intermediate duration of obesity induced similar adverse effects in all brain regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that (1) both age and duration of obesity have a significant impact on obesity-associated comorbidities and (2) early interventions to end obesity are critical to preserving brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Eroglu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ali Eroglu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Abate G, Pezzotta A, Pucci M, Bortolotto V, Ribaudo G, Bonini SA, Mastinu A, Maccarinelli G, Ongaro A, Tirelli E, Zizioli D, Gianoncelli A, Memo M, Grilli M, Uberti D. The Bioactive Gamma-Oryzanol from Oryza sativa L. Promotes Neuronal Differentiation in Different In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:969. [PMID: 39199215 PMCID: PMC11352202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (ORY), found in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a mixture of ferulic acid esters with triterpene alcohols, well-known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our past research demonstrated its positive impact on cognitive function in adult mice, influencing synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. In this study, we explored whether ORY can exert neuro-differentiating effects by using different experimental models. For this purpose, chemical characterization identified four components that are most abundant in ORY. In human neuroblastoma cells, we showed ORY's ability to stimulate neurite outgrowth, upregulating the expression of GAP43, BDNF, and TrkB genes. In addition, ORY was found to guide adult mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward a neuronal commitment. Microinjection of ORY in zebrafish Tg (-3.1 neurog1:GFP) amplified neurog1-GFP signal, islet1, and bdnf mRNA levels. Zebrafish nrf2a and nrf2b morphants (MOs) were utilized to assess ORY effects in the presence or absence of Nrf2. Notably, ORY's ability to activate bdnf was nullified in nrf2a-MO and nrf2b-MO. Furthermore, computational analysis suggested ORY's single components have different affinities for the Keap1-Kelch domain. In conclusion, although more in-depth studies are needed, our findings position ORY as a potential source of bioactive molecules with neuro-differentiating potential involving the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Valeria Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.B.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Sara A. Bonini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Giuseppina Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.B.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
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3
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Manocchio F, Bravo FI, Helfer G, Muguerza B. Cherries with Different Geographical Origins Regulate Neuroprotection in a Photoperiod-Dependent Manner in F344 Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:72. [PMID: 38247496 PMCID: PMC10812723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoperiod is the main environmental cue that drives seasonal adaptive responses in reproduction, behavior, and metabolism in seasonal animals. Increasing evidence suggests that (poly)phenols contained in fruits can also modulate seasonal rhythms. (Poly)phenol-rich diets are associated with an improvement in cognitive function and neuroprotection due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, it is unknown whether cherries affect neuroprotection in a photoperiod-dependent manner. To test this, F344 rats were exposed to L6 (6 h light/day), L12 (12 h light/day) and L18 (18 h light/day) photoperiods and fed a standard chow diet supplemented with either a control, lyophilized cherry 1 or cherry 2 with distinctive phenolic hallmarks. Physiological parameters (body weight, eating pattern index (EPI), testosterone, T4/T3) and hypothalamic key genes (Dio2, Dio3, Raldh1 and Ghrh) were strongly regulated by the photoperiod and/or fruit consumption. Importantly, we show for the first time that neurotrophs (Bdnf, Sod1 and Gpx1) in the hippocampus are also regulated by the photoperiod. Furthermore, the consumption of cherry 2, which was richer in total flavonols, but not cherry 1, which was richer in total anthocyanins and flavanols, enhanced neuroprotection in the hippocampus. Our results show that the seasonal consumption of cherry with a specific phenolic composition plays an important role in the hippocampal activation of neuroprotection in a photoperiod-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Manocchio
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (F.M.); (B.M.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (F.M.); (B.M.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gisela Helfer
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (F.M.); (B.M.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Koyya P, Manthari RK, Pandrangi SL. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - The Protective Agent Against Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:353-366. [PMID: 37287291 PMCID: PMC11348470 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230607110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of neurological illnesses on global health is significant. Our perception of the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying intellectual processing and behavior has significantly advanced over the last few decades, laying the groundwork for potential therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of literature reveals that most neurodegenerative diseases could be due to the gradual failure of neurons in the brain's neocortex, hippocampus, and various subcortical areas. Research on various experimental models has uncovered several gene components to understand the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. One among them is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which performs several vital functions, enhancing synaptic plasticity and assisting in the emergence of long-term thoughts. The pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, and Huntington's, has been linked to BDNF. According to numerous research, high levels of BDNF are connected to a lower risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease. As a result, we want to concentrate on BDNF in this article and outline its protective role against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyusha Koyya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Santhi Latha Pandrangi
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sakai Y, Egawa D, Hattori J, Morikawa Y, Suenami K, Takayama T, Nagai A, Michiue T, Ikari A, Matsunaga T. α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone derivatives induce differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell apoptosis via reduction of antioxidant capacity: Involvement of NO depletion and inactivation of Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:3-15. [PMID: 38040126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone (α-PNP) derivatives are known to be one of the hazardous new psychoactive substances due to the most extended hydrocarbon chains of any pyrrolidinophenones on the illicit drug market. Our previous report showed that 4'-iodo-α-PNP (I-α-PNP) is the most potent cytotoxic compound among α-PNP derivatives and induces apoptosis due to mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production in differentiated human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, to clarify the detailed action mechanisms by I-α-PNP, we investigated the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) -dependent apoptosis by I-α-PNP in differentiated SH-SY5Y with a focus on the antioxidant activities. Treatment with I-α-PNP elicits overproduction of ROS such as H2O2, hydroxyl radical, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine is attenuated the SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis by I-α-PNP. These results suggested that the overproduction of ROS is related to SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by I-α-PNP. In addition, I-α-PNP markedly decreased antioxidant capacity in differentiated cells than in undifferentiated cells and inhibited the upregulation of hemeoxygenase 1 (HO1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression caused by induction of differentiation. Furthermore, the treatment with I-α-PNP increased the nuclear expression level of BTB Domain And CNC Homolog 1 (Bach1), a transcriptional repressor of Nrf2, only in differentiated cells, suggesting that the marked decrease in antioxidant capacity in differentiated cells was due to suppression of Nrf2/HO1 signaling by Bach1. Additionally, pretreatment with an NO donor suppresses the I-α-PNP-evoked ROS overproduction, HO1 down-regulation, increased nuclear Bach1 expression and reduced antioxidant activity in the differentiated cells. These findings suggest that the ROS-dependent apoptosis by I-α-PNP in differentiated cells is attributed to the inactivation of the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway triggered by NO depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sakai
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Egawa
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Junta Hattori
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Suenami
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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Musillo C, Creutzberg KC, Collacchi B, Ajmone-Cat MA, De Simone R, Lepre M, Amrein I, Riva MA, Berry A, Cirulli F. Bdnf-Nrf-2 crosstalk and emotional behavior are disrupted in a sex-dependent fashion in adolescent mice exposed to maternal stress or maternal obesity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:399. [PMID: 38105264 PMCID: PMC10725882 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been recognized as a stressor affecting the developing fetal brain, leading to long-term negative outcomes comparable to those resulting from maternal psychological stress, although the mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adverse prenatal conditions as diverse as maternal stress and maternal obesity might affect emotional regulation and stress response in the offspring through common pathways, with a main focus on oxidative stress and neuroplasticity. We contrasted and compared adolescent male and female offspring in two mouse models of maternal psychophysical stress (restraint during pregnancy - PNS) and maternal obesity (high-fat diet before and during gestation - mHFD) by combining behavioral assays, evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis of selected markers of neuronal function and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, a key region involved in stress appraisal. Prenatal administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) was used as a strategy to protect fetal neurodevelopment from the negative effects of PNS and mHFD. Our findings show that these two stressors produce overlapping effects, reducing brain anti-oxidant defenses (Nrf-2) and leading to sex-dependent impairments of hippocampal Bdnf expression and alterations of the emotional behavior and HPA axis functionality. Prenatal NAC administration, by restoring the redox balance, was able to exert long-term protective effects on brain development, suggesting that the modulation of redox pathways might be an effective strategy to target common shared mechanisms between different adverse prenatal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin C Creutzberg
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Collacchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ajmone-Cat
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta De Simone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Lepre
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Lobos P, Vega-Vásquez I, Bruna B, Gleitze S, Toledo J, Härtel S, Hidalgo C, Paula-Lima A. Amyloid β-Oligomers Inhibit the Nuclear Ca 2+ Signals and the Neuroprotective Gene Expression Induced by Gabazine in Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1972. [PMID: 38001825 PMCID: PMC10669355 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neuronal activity generates dendritic and somatic Ca2+ signals, which, depending on stimulus intensity, rapidly propagate to the nucleus and induce the expression of transcription factors and genes with crucial roles in cognitive functions. Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs), the main synaptotoxins engaged in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, generate aberrant Ca2+ signals in primary hippocampal neurons, increase their oxidative tone and disrupt structural plasticity. Here, we explored the effects of sub-lethal AβOs concentrations on activity-generated nuclear Ca2+ signals and on the Ca2+-dependent expression of neuroprotective genes. To induce neuronal activity, neuron-enriched primary hippocampal cultures were treated with the GABAA receptor blocker gabazine (GBZ), and nuclear Ca2+ signals were measured in AβOs-treated or control neurons transfected with a genetically encoded nuclear Ca2+ sensor. Incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the nuclear Ca2+ signals and the enhanced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) induced by GBZ. Likewise, incubation (6 h) with AβOs significantly reduced the GBZ-induced increases in the mRNA levels of neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2), and the antioxidant enzyme NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1). Based on these findings we propose that AβOs, by inhibiting the generation of activity-induced nuclear Ca2+ signals, disrupt key neuroprotective gene expression pathways required for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Ignacio Vega-Vásquez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Barbara Bruna
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Silvia Gleitze
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (B.B.); (J.T.)
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Laboratory for Scientific Image Analysis, Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Anatomy and Biology of Development Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (P.L.); (I.V.-V.); (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
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8
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Liu B, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Su Y, Qian Y, Ma Z, Gu X, Xia T. Activating ryanodine receptor improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110790. [PMID: 37852420 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is characterized by impaired learning and memory. 6 h duration isoflurane anesthesia is an important factor to induce POCD, and the dysfunction of ryanodine receptor (RyR) in the hippocampus may be involved in this process. We investigated the expression of RyR3 in the hippocampus of mice after 6-h duration isoflurane anesthesia, as well as the improvement of RyR receptor agonist caffeine on POCD mice, while attempting to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS We constructed a POCD model using 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice that were exposed to 6-h duration isoflurane. Prior to the three-day cognitive behavioral experiment, RyR agonist caffeine were injected. Fear conditioning and location memory tests were used in behavioral studies. We also exposed the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a (N2A) to 6-h duration isoflurane exposure to simulate the conditions of in vivo cognitive dysfunction. We administered ryanodine receptor agonist (caffeine) and inhibitor (ryanodine) to N2a cells. Following that, we performed a series of bioinformatics analysis to discover proteins that are involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction. Rt-PCR and Western blot were used to assess mRNA level and protein expression. RESULTS 6-h duration isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive dysfunction and increased RyR3 mRNA levels in hippocampus. The mRNA levels of RyR3 in cultured N2a cells after anesthesia were comparable to those in vivo, and the RyR agonist caffeine corrected the expression of some cognitive-related phenotypic proteins that were disturbed after anesthesia. Intraperitoneal injection of RyR agonist caffeine can improve cognitive function after isoflurane anesthesia in mice, and bioinformatics analyses suggest that CaMKⅣ may be involved in the molecular mechanism. CONCLUSION Ryanodine receptor agonist caffeine may improve cognitive dysfunction in mice after isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xurui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qingyun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Rocha-Gomes A, Alvarenga E Castro TP, Almeida PR, Balsamão Paes Leme PS, da Silva AA, Riul TR, Bastos CP, Leite HR. High-intensity interval training improves long-term memory and increases hippocampal antioxidant activity and BDNF levels in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114605. [PMID: 37517574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is the period in which women cease to produce the hormone estrogen, which can trigger physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes. In this context, alternatives are needed that can reduce the effects provided by menopause, specifically in terms of cognitive and behavioral aspects. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise protocol that has shown the potential to improve cognition by promoting an increase in antioxidant defenses and BDNF levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT on behavior and hippocampal neurochemistry in ovariectomized adult rats. Four groups of rats were divided into: females without ovariectomy surgery and sedentary (SHAM-SED); females with ovariectomy surgery and sedentary (OVX-SED); females without ovariectomy surgery and trained (SHAM-HIIT); females with ovariectomy surgery and trained (OVX-HIIT). After the surgical procedure and the HIIT protocol, the animals underwent anxiety (elevated plus maze and open field) and memory (novel object recognition) tests. Corticosterone was measured in blood and BDNF levels and redox status were evaluated in the hippocampus. The OVX-SED group showed low BDNF levels and antioxidant enzymes, which may be linked to the observed memory impairments. The HIIT protocol (SHAM-HIIT and OVX-HIIT groups) increased the BDNF levels and antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus, improving the animals' memory. However, HIIT also led to increased plasma corticosterone and anxiety-like behaviors. The ovariectomy procedure induced memory impairment probably due to reductions in hippocampal BDNF levels and redox imbalance. The HIIT protocol demonstrates promising results as an alternative to improve memory in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Rodrigues Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Silveira Balsamão Paes Leme
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Perácio Bastos
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas de Curvelo (FACIC), Curvelo, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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11
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Stanojevic JB, Zeljkovic M, Dragic M, Stojanovic IR, Ilic TV, Stevanovic ID, Ninkovic MB. Intermittent theta burst stimulation attenuates oxidative stress and reactive astrogliosis in the streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1161678. [PMID: 37273654 PMCID: PMC10233102 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1161678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) is a widely used model for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD)-like pathology, marked by oxidative stress-mediated pathological progression. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive technique for brain activity stimulation with the ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents a promising treatment for several neurological diseases, including AD. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the iTBS protocol on the animal model of STZ-induced sAD-like pathology in the context of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (icv normal saline solution), STZ (icv STZ-3 mg/kg), STZ + iTBS (STZ rats subjected to iTBS protocol), and STZ + Placebo (STZ animals subjected to placebo iTBS noise artifact). Biochemical assays and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate functional and structural changes. Results The icv STZ administration induces oxidative stress and attenuates antioxidative capacity in all examined brain regions. iTBS treatment significantly reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters. Also, iTBS decreased Aβ-1-42 and APP levels. The iTBS enhances antioxidative capacity reported as elevated activity of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. In addition, iTBS elevated BDNF expression and attenuated STZ-induced astrogliosis confirmed by decreased GFAP+/VIM+/C3+ cell reactivity in the hippocampus. Discussion Our results provide experimental evidence for the beneficial effects of the applied iTBS protocol in attenuating oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant capacity and decreasing reactive astrogliosis in STZ-administrated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena B. Stanojevic
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana R. Stojanovic
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana D. Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica B. Ninkovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Hassab LY, Abbas SS, Mohammed RA, Abdallah DM. Dimethyl fumarate abrogates striatal endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimentally induced late-stage Huntington’s disease: Focus on the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP trajectories. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133863. [PMID: 37056990 PMCID: PMC10088517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is FDA-approved for use in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it processes neuroprotection in several experimental settings; however, its impact on combating Huntington’s disease (HD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of DMF post-treatment on HD mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in a selective striatal degeneration HD model.Methods: Rats, exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid, were either left untreated or post-treated with DMF for 14 days.Results and Discussion: DMF reduced locomotion deficits in both the open field and beam walk paradigms, boosted the striatal dopamine (DA) content, improved its architecture at the microscopic level, and hindered astrogliosis. Mechanistically, DMF limited the activation of two of the ER stress arms in the striatum by reducing p-IRE1α, p-JNK, and p-PERK protein expressions besides the CHOP/GADD153 content. Downstream from both ER stress arms’ suppression, DMF inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as shown by the decrease in Bax and active caspase-3 while raising Bcl-2. DMF also decreased oxidative stress markers indicated by a decline in both reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde while boosting glutathione. Meanwhile, it enhanced p-AKT to activate /phosphorylate mTOR and stimulate the CREB/BDNF/TrkB trajectory, which, in a positive feedforward loop, activates AKT again. DMF also downregulated the expression of miRNA-634, which negatively regulates AKT, to foster survival kinase activation.Conclusion: This study features a focal novel point on the DMF therapeutic ability to reduce HD motor manifestations via its ability to enhance DA and suppress the IRE1α/JNK and PERK/CHOP/GADD153 hubs to inhibit the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through activating the AKT/mTOR and BDNF/TrkB/AKT/CREB signaling pathways and abating miRNA-634 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Y. Hassab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Dalaal M. Abdallah,
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13
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Palasz E, Wilkaniec A, Stanaszek L, Andrzejewska A, Adamczyk A. Glia-Neurotrophic Factor Relationships: Possible Role in Pathobiology of Neuroinflammation-Related Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076321. [PMID: 37047292 PMCID: PMC10094105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by regulating the survival, differentiation, maturation, and development of neurons and by participating in the regeneration of damaged tissues. Disturbances in the level and functioning of NTFs can lead to many diseases of the nervous system, including degenerative diseases, mental diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Each CNS disease is characterized by a unique pathomechanism, however, the involvement of certain processes in its etiology is common, such as neuroinflammation, dysregulation of NTFs levels, or mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been shown that NTFs can control the activation of glial cells by directing them toward a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory phenotype and activating signaling pathways responsible for neuronal survival. In this review, our goal is to outline the current state of knowledge about the processes affected by NTFs, the crosstalk between NTFs, mitochondria, and the nervous and immune systems, leading to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and thus the inhibition of the development and progression of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (A.A.)
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14
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Islam J, Shila TT, Islam Z, Kabir E, Haque N, Khatun M, Khan S, Jubayar AM, Islam F, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Clerodendrum viscosum leaves attenuate lead-induced neurotoxicity through upregulation of BDNF-Akt-Nrf2 pathway in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116024. [PMID: 36549369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum viscosum is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda in Bangladesh and its leaves are used as a remedy for various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of C. viscosum leaves against Pb-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were divided as a) control, b) lead treated (Pb) and c) C. viscosum leaves (Cle) d) Pb plus Cle groups. Pb-acetate (10 mg/kg body weight) was given to Pb and Pb + Cle groups mice, and water extract of leaves (50 mg/kg body weight) was provided as supplementation to Cle and Pb + Cle groups mice for 30 days. Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were used for evaluating anxiety, spatial memory and learning, respectively. Status of cholinesterase, SOD, GSH enzyme activity and neurotoxicity markers such BDNF and Nrf2 levels were analyzed in the brain tissue of experimental mice. RESULTS Poorer learning, inferior spatial memory, and increased anxiety-like behavior in Pb-exposure mice were noted when compared to control mice in Morris water maze and elevated plus maze test, respectively. In addition, expression of BDNF and Nrf2, cholinesterase activity along with antioxidant activity were significantly reduced compared to control group (p < 0.01). Interestingly, C. viscosum leaves' aqueous extract supplementation in Pb-exposed mice provide a significant improved neurochemical and antioxidant properties through the augmentation of activity of cholinergic enzymes, and upregulation of BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the brain tissue compared to Pb-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that C. viscosum leaves restore the cognitive dysfunction and reduce anxiety-like behavior through upregulation of BDNF mediated Akt-Nrf2 pathway in Pb-exposure mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnim Tabassum Shila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Shuchismita Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Banerjee M, Shenoy RR. Emphasizing roles of BDNF promoters and inducers in Alzheimer's disease for improving impaired cognition and memory. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:125-136. [PMID: 34751526 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial neurotrophic factor adding to neurons' development and endurance. The amount of BDNF present in the brain determines susceptibility to various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), often it is seen that low levels of BDNF are present, which primarily contributes to cognition deficit by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity. Molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis, storage and release of BDNF are widely studied. New molecules are found, which contribute to the signal transduction pathway. Two important receptors of BDNF are TrkB and p75NTR. When BDNF binds to the TrkB receptor, it activates three main signalling pathways-phospholipase C, MAPK/ERK, PI3/AKT. BDNF holds an imperative part in LTP and dendritic development, which are essential for memory formation. BDNF supports synaptic integrity by influencing LTP and LTD. This action is conducted by modulating the glutamate receptors; AMPA and NMDA. This review paper discusses the aforesaid points along with inducers of BDNF. Drugs and herbals promote neuroprotection by increasing the hippocampus' BDNF level in various disease-induced animal models for neurodegeneration. Advancement in finding pertinent molecules contributing to the BDNF signalling pathway has been discussed, along with the areas that require further research and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi District, Karnataka, India
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Supruniuk E, Górski J, Chabowski A. Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Development during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020501. [PMID: 36830059 PMCID: PMC9952836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which intensifies as a function of exercise intensity and duration. Exposure to ROS/RNS can affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, intramyofibrillar calcium turnover and sensitivity, and actin-myosin kinetics to reduce muscle force production. On the other hand, low ROS/RNS concentrations can likely upregulate an array of cellular adaptative responses related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose transport and muscle hypertrophy. Consequently, growing evidence suggests that exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hamper exercise-engendering upregulation in the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome-proliferator activated co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Ultimately, both high (exercise-induced) and low (antioxidant intervention) ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses as long as they do not override the threshold range for redox balance. The mechanisms underlying the two faces of ROS/RNS in exercise, as well as the role of antioxidants in muscle fatigue, are presented in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(85)-748-55-85
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Bai L, Tan C, Ren J, Liu J, Zou W, Liu G, Sheng Y. Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides improve learning and memory impairment in mice with exercise fatigue through the PI3K/NRF2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:158-172. [PMID: 36521708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exercise leads to body fatigue and destroys the balance of the oxidation/oxidation resistance system in the body, thus damaging the central nervous system and reducing learning and memory ability. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the cell oxidative stress response. Therefore, the research and development of natural antioxidants with the effect of regulating Nrf2-related signalling pathways to improve central fatigue caused by body fatigue has application value. Methods and results: Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides were extracted, isolated and purified via DEAE-cellulose 52 and Sepharose CL-6B columns to obtain two saccharides, Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides (CMPB) and CMPB-b. The results of behavioural tests showed that compared with the model group, the learning and memory abilities of the CMPB-H group (800 mg/kg) mice were remarkably improved in the dark avoidance and Morris water maze tasks (p < 0.01), and the levels of fatigue metabolites and oxidative stress in the body were obviously decreased (p < 0.01). The expression level of BDNF, PI3K, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In vitro experiments, compared with the PC12 oxidative stress model group, CMPB-b high-dose group (100 μg/mL) had remarkably improved oxidative stress. CMPB-b also obviously promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins (p < 0.01) and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (p < 0.01), and significantly increased the expression of HO-1 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: CMPB can alleviate the fatigue state of high-intensity swimming mice and improve the learning and memory impairment of exercise-fatigue mice by regulating the Nrf2-related signalling pathway. Its antioxidant active component CMPB-b exerts in vitro antioxidative neurological damage by the same mechanism. Our systematic studies provide strong supporting evidence for the future use of Cordyceps militaris acidic polysaccharides in health products to improve resistance to fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China; INNOBIO Corporation Limited, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Chaojie Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wenqi Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Guangchen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Yu Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China.
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Akintunde JK, Abinu OS, Taiwo KF, Sodiq RA, Folayan AD, Ate AD. Disorders of Hippocampus Facilitated by Hypertension in Purine Metabolism Deficiency is Repressed by Naringin, a Bi-flavonoid in a Rat Model via NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB Pathways. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2148-2166. [PMID: 36098940 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are hypertensive have a higher tendency of predisposition to other genetic diseases including purine metabolism deficiency. Therefore, the search for nontoxic and effective chemo protective agents to abrogate hypertension-mediated genetic disease is vital. This study therefore investigated the repressive effect of naringin (NAR) against disorder of hippocampus facilitated by hypertension in purine metabolism deficiency. Male albino rats randomly assigned into nine groups (n = 7) were treated for 35 days. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3, Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg caffeine, and Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine. Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol. Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR. Group VII was administered with 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The sub-acute exposure to KBrO3 and CAF induced hypertension and mediated impairment in the hippocampus cells. This was apparent by the increase in PDE-51, arginase, and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase and AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes. The hypertensive-mediated hippocampal impairment was associated to alteration of NO and AC signaling coupled with lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), down regulation of Bcl11b and DARPP-32 which are neurodevelopmental proteins, and hypoxanthine accumulation. However, these features of CAF-mediated hippocampal damage in KBrO3-induced hypertensive rats were repressed by post-treatment with NAR via production of neuro-inflammatory mediators, attenuation of biochemical alterations, stabilizing neurotransmitter enzymes, regulating NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB signaling, and restoring hippocampal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O S Abinu
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K F Taiwo
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - R A Sodiq
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Folayan
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ate
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Moreira LKDS, Turones LC, Campos HM, Nazareth AM, Thomaz DV, Gil EDS, Ghedini PC, Rocha FFD, Menegatti R, Fajemiroye JO, Costa EA. LQFM212, a piperazine derivative, exhibits potential antioxidant effect as well as ameliorates LPS-induced behavioral, inflammatory and oxidative changes. Life Sci 2022; 312:121199. [PMID: 36402170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress, impaired antioxidant defense and neuroinflammation are often associated with the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric diseases. Conversely, several piperazine compounds presents beneficial neuropharmacological effects as well as antioxidant activity, and some derivatives combine both activities. LQFM212 (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-((4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol) was synthesized to produce effects on CNS and to have an additional antioxidant effect. Previous preclinical tests have been shown anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of LQFM212 in mice. Herein, the main objective was to verify the possible antioxidant potential and the effects of LQFM212 against behavioral changes, inflammatory and oxidative markers induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MAIN METHODS Initially, antioxidant potential of LQFM212 was evaluated by electrochemical assays. Afterwards, the effects of oral treatment with LQFM212 were evaluated in mice using LPS-induced models of systemic or local inflammation. KEY FINDINGS In LPS-induced neuroinflammation, LQFM212 treatment reverted changes caused by LPS, demonstrated by attenuated anxiogenic- and depressive-like behaviors, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) on serum, and also improved oxidative stress-related changes (levels of nitrite, malondialdehyde, glutathione and carbonylated protein, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase and cholinesterase activities) on brain cortex and hippocampus. However, LQFM212 treatment did not attenuate the inflammatory changes in LPS-induced pleurisy model. SIGNIFICANCE LQFM212 presents antioxidant activity and ameliorates behavioral, inflammatory and oxidative changes after LPS-induced neuroinflammation model. These effects do not seem to be secondary to a peripheral anti-inflammatory action of LQFM212, since this compound failed to attenuate the inflammatory changes in LPS-induced pleurisy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrane Kelle da Silva Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Larissa Córdova Turones
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Hericles Mesquita Campos
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Nazareth
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fábio Fagundes da Rocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elson Alves Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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20
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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21
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4'-Iodo-α-Pyrrolidinononanophenone Provokes Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cell Apoptosis Through Downregulating Nitric Oxide Production and Bcl-2 Expression. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1322-1336. [PMID: 35834058 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of pyrrolidinophenone derivatives (PPs) is known to cause severe damage to the central nervous system due to their high lipophilicity. In this study, we compared sensitivity to toxicity elicited by 4'-iodo-α-pyrrolidinononanophenone (I-α-PNP), one of the most potent cytotoxic derivatives among PPs synthesized previously, between SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and the undifferentiated cells, and found that the differentiated cells are more sensitive to I-α-PNP toxicity than the undifferentiated cells. Treatment with I-α-PNP elicited some apoptotic alterations (Bax expression, loss of mitrochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspases) in the differentiated cells, whose patterns were similar to those in the undifferentiated cells. I-α-PNP treatment resulted in no significant alteration in Bcl-2 expression in the undifferentiated cells, whereas it considerably downregulated the protein expression in the differentiated cells, suggesting that the high I-α-PNP sensitivity of the differentiated cells is mainly due to downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. I-α-PNP treatment decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in the differentiated cells, and the patterns of I-α-PNP-evoked alterations in phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were almost the same as that in nNOS expression. Additionally, the addition of an NO donor restored the I-α-PNP-evoked alterations in expressions of Bcl-2, BDNF, and nNOS in the differentiated cells. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by I-α-PNP in differentiated cells is attributed to the acceleration of two negative feedback loops (nNOS/NO/CREB loop and CREB/BDNF loop) triggered by decreased NO production.
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22
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Yeltekin AÇ, Ucar A, Parlak V, Özgeriş FB, Türkez H, Esenbuğa N, Atamanalp M, Alak G. Borax exerts protective effect against ferrocene-induced neurotoxicity in Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126996. [PMID: 35569284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, therapeutic targets and the development of new drugs have shifted research towards inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Ferrocene (FcH) is a stable, small molecule that exhibits immunostimulatory and anti-tumor properties by a different mechanism and is effective at low doses in oral administration. However, it was surprising that there has been no performed investigation using FcH on aquaculture. On the other hand, recent papers reveal the key biological functions and health benefits due to daily boron intake in animals and humans. Therefore, we investigated the neurotoxic damage potential of FcH and its related neurotoxicity action mechanism in aquatic environments. In addition, the protective potential of borax (BX, or sodium borate) were evaluated againt in vivo neurotoxicity by FcH. METHODS Neurotoxicity assessment was performed in rainbow trout brain tissue, acutely under semi-static conditions via determining a vide range of parameters including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (caspase 3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. In addition, the LC50 96 h level of FcH was determined for the first time in rainbow trout in this study. RESULTS In the obtained results, while FcH caused inhibition in enzyme activities, it showed an inducing effect on MDA, MPO, BDNF, Nrf2, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. It was determined that this oxidative damage related alterations were significantly different (p < 0.05) in comparison between FcH treated and controls. Again, the LC50 96 h value in rainbow trout was determined as 11.73 mg/L, which is approximately 5% less than the value given for freshwater fish (12.3 mg/L). On the contrary, it was observed that BX has a mitigating effect on FcH-induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that borax may be useful for preventing or alleviating neurotoxicity induced by environmental contaminants or toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurinisa Esenbuğa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Barney TM, Vore AS, Deak T. Acute Ethanol Challenge Differentially Regulates Expression of Growth Factors and miRNA Expression Profile of Whole Tissue of the Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884197. [PMID: 35706690 PMCID: PMC9189295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ethanol exposure produces rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression that are both time- and cytokine-dependent. Interestingly, adolescent rats, who often consume binge-like quantities of alcohol, displayed reduced neuroimmune responses to acute ethanol challenge. However, it is not known whether growth factors, a related group of signaling factors, respond to ethanol similarly in adults and adolescents. Therefore, Experiment 1 aimed to assess the growth factor response to ethanol in both adolescents and adults. To test this, adolescent (P29-P34) and adult (P70-P80) Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were injected with either ethanol (3.5 g/kg) or saline, and brains were harvested 3 h post-injection for assessment of growth factor, cytokine, or miRNA expression. As expected, acute ethanol challenge significantly increased IL-6 and IκBα expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, replicating our prior findings. Acute ethanol significantly decreased BDNF and increased FGF2 regardless of age condition. PDGF was unresponsive to ethanol, but showed heightened expression among adolescent males. Because recent work has focused on the PDE4 inhibitor ibudilast for treatment in alcohol use disorder, Experiment 2 tested whether ibudilast would alter ethanol-evoked gene expression changes in cytokines and growth factors in the CNS. Ibudilast (9.0 mg/kg s.c.) administration 1 h prior to ethanol had no effect on ethanol-induced changes in cytokine or growth factor changes in the hippocampus or amygdala. To further explore molecular alterations evoked by acute ethanol challenge in the adult rat hippocampus, Experiment 3 tested whether acute ethanol would change the miRNA expression profile of the dorsal hippocampus using RNASeq, which revealed a rapid suppression of 12 miRNA species 3 h after acute ethanol challenge. Of the miRNA affected by ethanol, the majority were related to inflammation or cell survival and proliferation factors, including FGF2, MAPK, NFκB, and VEGF. Overall, these findings suggest that ethanol-induced, rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression were (i) muted among adolescents; (ii) independent of PDE4 signaling; and (iii) accompanied by changes in several growth factors (increased FGF2, decreased BDNF). In addition, ethanol decreased expression of multiple miRNA species, suggesting a dynamic molecular profile of changes in the hippocampus within a few short hours after acute ethanol challenge. Together, these findings may provide important insight into the molecular consequences of heavy drinking in humans.
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24
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Neurobiological Links between Stress, Brain Injury, and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8111022. [PMID: 35663199 PMCID: PMC9159819 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress, which refers to a combination of physiological, neuroendocrine, behavioral, and emotional responses to novel or threatening stimuli, is essentially a defensive adaptation under physiological conditions. However, strong and long-lasting stress can lead to psychological and pathological damage. Growing evidence suggests that patients suffering from mild and moderate brain injuries and diseases often show severe neurological dysfunction and experience severe and persistent stressful events or environmental stimuli, whether in the acute, subacute, or recovery stage. Previous studies have shown that stress has a remarkable influence on key brain regions and brain diseases. The mechanisms through which stress affects the brain are diverse, including activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, oxidative stress, and excitatory/inhibitory neuron imbalance, and may lead to behavioral and cognitive deficits. The impact of stress on brain diseases is complex and involves impediment of recovery, aggravation of cognitive impairment, and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes various stress models and their applications and then discusses the effects and mechanisms of stress on key brain regions—including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex—and in brain injuries and diseases—including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. Lastly, this review highlights psychological interventions and potential therapeutic targets for patients with brain injuries and diseases who experience severe and persistent stressful events.
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25
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Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051143. [PMID: 35625880 PMCID: PMC9138678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, neurodegenerative diseases cause a significant degree of disability and distress. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), primarily found in the brain, has a substantial role in the development and maintenance of various nerve roles and is associated with the family of neurotrophins, including neuronal growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). BDNF has affinity with tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrKB), which is found in the brain in large amounts and is expressed in several cells. Several studies have shown that decrease in BDNF causes an imbalance in neuronal functioning and survival. Moreover, BDNF has several important roles, such as improving synaptic plasticity and contributing to long-lasting memory formation. BDNF has been linked to the pathology of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This review aims to describe recent efforts to understand the connection between the level of BDNF and neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have shown that a high level of BDNF is associated with a lower risk for developing a neurodegenerative disease.
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26
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Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Islam R, Hossain S, Hossain ME, Katakura M, Arai H, Shido O, Hashimoto M. Chronic Administration of Thymoquinone Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Memory in Rats Via Regulating the BDNF Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:933-951. [PMID: 34855048 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a pharmacologically active component of Nigella sativa Linn. seeds. Despite the diverse neuropharmacological attributes of TQ, limited reports related to adult neurogenesis and memory research are available. In this study, we investigated the effects of TQ on the proliferation and neural differentiation of cultured neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). We also investigated the effect of TQ chronic administration on neurogenesis and memory in adult rats. Under proliferation conditions, TQ (0.05-0.3 μM) significantly increased NSCs/NPCs viability, neurosphere diameter, and cell count. TQ treatment under differentiation conditions increased the proportion of cells positive for Tuj1 (a neuronal marker). Furthermore, chronic oral administration of TQ (25 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) to adult rats increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-immunopositive cells double-stained with a mature neuronal marker, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and a proliferation marker, doublecortin (Dcx), in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. TQ-administered rats showed a profound beneficial effect on avoidance-related learning ability, associated with an increase in the hippocampal mRNA and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as measured by both real-time PCR and ELISA. Western blot analysis revealed that TQ stimulates the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), the upstream signaling molecule in the BDNF pathway. Furthermore, chronic administration of TQ decreased lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that TQ plays a role in memory improvement in adult rats and that the CREB/BDNF signaling pathways are involved in mediating the actions of TQ in hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Rafiad Islam
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology Division of Brain Science Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan.
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27
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Redox Homeostasis in Muscular Dystrophies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061364. [PMID: 34205993 PMCID: PMC8229249 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing evidence has suggested a prominent role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of several early- and adult-onset muscle disorders, although effective antioxidant treatments are still lacking. Oxidative stress causes cell damage by affecting protein function, membrane structure, lipid metabolism, and DNA integrity, thus interfering with skeletal muscle homeostasis and functionality. Some features related to oxidative stress, such as chronic inflammation, defective regeneration, and mitochondrial damage are shared among most muscular dystrophies, and Nrf2 has been shown to be a central player in antagonizing redox imbalance in several of these disorders. However, the exact mechanisms leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and deregulation in the cellular antioxidants system seem to be, to a large extent, disease-specific, and the clarification of these mechanisms in vivo in humans is the cornerstone for the development of targeted antioxidant therapies, which will require testing in appropriately designed clinical trials.
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28
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Hammad AM, Swiss GMS, Hall FS, Hikmat S, Sari Y, Al-Qirim TM, Amawi HA. Ceftriaxone Reduces Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Withdrawal-induced Anxiety in rats via Modulating the Expression of TNF-α/NFĸB, Nrf2, and GLT-1. Neuroscience 2021; 463:128-142. [PMID: 33836247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco exposure has been linked to neuroinflammation and adaptive/maladaptive changes in neurotransmitter systems, including in glutamatergic systems. We examined the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) on inflammatory mediators and astroglial glutamate transporters in mesocorticolimbic brain regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). The behavioral consequences of WTS exposure on withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior were assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: a control group exposed only to standard room air, a WTS exposed group treated with saline vehicle, and a WTS exposed group treated with ceftriaxone. WTS exposure was performed for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests (EPM and OF) were conducted weekly 24 h after WTS exposure, during acute withdrawal. During week 4, rats were given either saline or ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before WTS exposure. WTS increased withdrawal-induced anxiety, and ceftriaxone attenuated this effect. WTS exposure increased the relative mRNA levels for nuclear factor ĸB (NFĸB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the PFC, NAc and VTA, and ceftriaxone treatment reversed these effects. In addition, WTS decreased the relative mRNA of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and cystine-glutamate transporter (xCT) in PFC, NAc and VTA, and ceftriaxone treatment normalized their expression. WTS caused neuroinflammation, alteration in relative mRNA glutamate transport expression, and increased anxiety-like behavior, and these effects were attenuated by ceftriaxone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Ghadeer M S Swiss
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Suhair Hikmat
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - T M Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - H A Amawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
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Effects of Acupuncture on Oxidative Stress Amelioration via Nrf2/ARE-Related Pathways in Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6624976. [PMID: 33995547 PMCID: PMC8096560 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6624976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is responsible for the pathogeneses of various diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired DNA repair, and cellular damage followed by oxidative stress contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Acupuncture is a traditional therapy that has been practiced for >3000 years in Asia. Many studies have demonstrated that acupuncture has notable antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is crucial in regulating the redox equilibrium. Activated Nfr2 translocates into the nucleus, binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), and initiates antioxidative enzyme transcription. In this review, we demonstrated the effects of acupuncture on oxidative stress amelioration in AD and PD animal models through Nrf2/ARE pathway activation and Nrf2/ARE-related pathway regulation. Thus, acupuncture could be a therapeutic option for AD and PD.
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Activation of BDNF by transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to antidepressant-like actions in rodents. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:140. [PMID: 33627628 PMCID: PMC7904924 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a key role in depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between Nrf2 and BDNF in depression remain unclear. We examined whether Nrf2 regulates the transcription of Bdnf by binding to its exon I promoter. Furthermore, the role of Nrf2 and BDNF in the brain regions from mice with depression-like phenotypes was examined. Nrf2 regulated the transcription of Bdnf by binding to its exon I promoter. Activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane (SFN) showed fast-acting antidepressant-like effects in mice by activating BDNF as well as by inhibiting the expression of its transcriptional repressors (HDAC2, mSin3A, and MeCP2) and revising abnormal synaptic transmission. In contrast, SFN did not affect the protein expression of BDNF and its transcriptional repressor proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus, nor did it reduce depression-like behaviors and abnormal synaptic transmission in Nrf2 knockout mice. In the mouse model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), protein levels of Nrf2 and BDNF in the mPFC and hippocampus were lower than those of control and CSDS-resilient mice. In contrast, the protein levels of BDNF transcriptional repressors in the CSDS-susceptible mice were higher than those of control and CSDS-resilient mice. These data suggest that Nrf2 activation increases the expression of Bdnf and decreases the expression of its transcriptional repressors, which result in fast-acting antidepressant-like actions. Furthermore, abnormalities in crosstalk between Nrf2 and BDNF may contribute to the resilience versus susceptibility of mice against CSDS.
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Fakhri S, Pesce M, Patruno A, Moradi SZ, Iranpanah A, Farzaei MH, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Attenuation of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE in Alzheimer's Disease by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214926. [PMID: 33114450 PMCID: PMC7663041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neuronal/cognitional dysfunction, leading to disability and death. Despite advances in revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD, no effective treatment has yet been provided. It urges the need for finding novel multi-target agents in combating the complex dysregulated mechanisms in AD. Amongst the dysregulated pathophysiological pathways in AD, oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in the pathogenesis progression of AD, with a dominant role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) pathway. In the present study, a comprehensive review was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as related articles in the field. Nrf2/Keap1/ARE has shown to be the upstream orchestrate of oxidative pathways, which also ameliorates various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. So, developing multi-target agents with higher efficacy and lower side effects could pave the road in the prevention/management of AD. The plant kingdom is now a great source of natural secondary metabolites in targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE. Among natural entities, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpene/terpenoids, carotenoids, sulfur-compounds, as well as some other miscellaneous plant-derived compounds have shown promising future accordingly. Prevailing evidence has shown that activating Nrf2/ARE and downstream antioxidant enzymes, as well as inhibiting Keap1 could play hopeful roles in overcoming AD. The current review highlights the neuroprotective effects of plant secondary metabolites through targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE and downstream interconnected mediators in combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
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Ovarian BDNF promotes survival, migration, and attachment of tumor precursors originated from p53 mutant fallopian tube epithelial cells. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:55. [PMID: 32471985 PMCID: PMC7260207 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. New evidence supports a hypothesis that HGSOC can originate from fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). It is unclear how genetic alterations and pathophysiological processes drive the progression of FTE tumor precursors into widespread HGSOCs. In this study, we uncovered that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the follicular fluid stimulates the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)-expressing FTE cells to promote their survival, migration, and attachment. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we further identified that the acquisition of common TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in FTE cells led to enhanced BDNF/TrkB signaling compared to that of FTE cells with TP53 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations. Different mutant p53 proteins can either increase TrkB transcription or enhance TrkB endocytic recycling. Our findings have demonstrated possible interplays between genetic alterations in FTE tumor precursors (i.e., p53 GOF mutations) and pathophysiological processes (i.e., the release of follicular fluid upon ovulation) during the initiation of HGSOC from the fallopian tube. Our data revealed molecular events underlying the link between HGSOC tumorigenesis and ovulation, a physiological process that has been associated with risk factors of HGSOC.
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Fetter J, Sacramento M, Sousa FSS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. QTC-4-MeOBnE Rescues Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice by Targeting Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Plasticity, and Apoptosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1259-1269. [PMID: 32227985 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and memory impairment induced by disruption of cholinergic neurons and oxidative brain damage are among the earliest pathological hallmark signatures of Alzheimer's disease. Scopolamine is a postsynaptic muscarinic receptor blocker which causes impairment of cholinergic transmission resulting in cognitive deficits. Herein we investigated the effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE (1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide) on memory impairments in mice chronically treated with scopolamine and the molecular mechanisms involved. Administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for 15 days resulted in significant impairments in working and short-term memory in mice, as assessed by the novel object recognition and the Y-maze paradigms. However, both deficits were prevented if mice receiving the scopolamine were also treated with QTC-4-MeOBnE. This effect was associated with an increase in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), a reduction in lipid peroxidation, and an increase in Nrf2 expression. Moreover, brains from QTC-4-MeOBnE treated mice had a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and glycogen synthase kinase-3β levels but an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Bcl-2 expression levels. Taken together our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced memory impairment is mediated via the involvement of different molecular pathways including oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, neuronal vulnerability, and apoptosis. Our study provides further evidence on the promising therapeutic potential of QTC-4-MeOBnE as a multifactorial disease modifying drug in AD and related dementing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Fetter
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Manoela Sacramento
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Severo Sabedra Sousa
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple − ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
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La Rosa P, Petrillo S, Bertini ES, Piemonte F. Oxidative Stress in DNA Repeat Expansion Disorders: A Focus on NRF2 Signaling Involvement. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050702. [PMID: 32369911 PMCID: PMC7277112 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repeat expansion disorders are a group of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases that arise from the inheritance of long tracts of nucleotide repetitions, located in the regulatory region, introns, or inside the coding sequence of a gene. Although loss of protein expression and/or the gain of function of its transcribed mRNA or translated product represent the major pathogenic effect of these pathologies, mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance in redox homeostasis are reported as common features in these disorders, deeply affecting their severity and progression. In this review, we examine the role that the redox imbalance plays in the pathological mechanisms of DNA expansion disorders and the recent advances on antioxidant treatments, particularly focusing on the expression and the activity of the transcription factor NRF2, the main cellular regulator of the antioxidant response.
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35
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Quan H, Koltai E, Suzuki K, Aguiar AS, Pinho R, Boldogh I, Berkes I, Radak Z. Exercise, redox system and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165778. [PMID: 32222542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise induces a wide range of redox system-associated molecular adaptive responses to the nervous system. The intermittent induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute exercise sessions and the related upregulation of antioxidant/repair and housekeeping systems are associated with improved physiological function. Exercise-induced proliferation and differentiation of neuronal stem cells are ROS dependent processes. The increased production of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the regulation by regular exercise are dependent upon redox sensitive pathways. ROS are causative and associative factors of neurodegenerative diseases and regular exercise provides significant neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and hypoxia/reperfusion related disorders. Regular exercise regulates redox homeostasis in the brain with complex multi-level molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Quan
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Aderbal S Aguiar
- Research Group on Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Berkes
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
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36
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Oh JH, Nam TJ, Choi YH. Capsosiphon fulvescens Glycoproteins Enhance Probiotics-Induced Cognitive Improvement in Aged Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E837. [PMID: 32245093 PMCID: PMC7146536 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced cognitive dysfunction can be regulated by probiotics through bidirectional communication with the brain. This study aimed to investigate whether Capsosiphon fulvescens glycoproteins (Cf-hGP) enhanced probiotic-induced improvement of memory in aged rats and the underlying mechanism in the dorsal hippocampus. Cf-hGP were isolated using lectin resin. Cf-hGP (15 mg/kg/day) and/or Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) (109 CFU/rat/day) were orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. Co-treatment with Cf-hGP and L. plantarum synergistically improved spatial memory in aged rats, which was overturned by functional blocks of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Increases in BDNF expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation were accompanied by mono- and/or co-administration in the dorsal hippocampus, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and glucose-regulated protein 78 expression were decreased. These synergistic effects were downregulated by blocks of BDNF/Nrf2-mediated signaling. In particular, co-treatment, not mono-treatment, reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) regulated by eEF2 kinase and protein phosphatase 2A. Additionally, co-treatment downregulated the interaction between eEF2 kinase and JNK. These data demonstrated that cognitive impairment in aged rats was synergistically diminished by co-treatment with Cf-hGP and L. plantarum through BDNF-mediated regulation of Nrf2 and eEF2 signaling pathways in the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Oh
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea; (J.H.O.); (T.-J.N.)
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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37
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Tiron A, Ristescu I, Postu PA, Tiron CE, Zugun-Eloae F, Grigoras I. Long-Term Deleterious Effects of Short-term Hyperoxia on Cancer Progression-Is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor an Important Mediator? An Experimental Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030688. [PMID: 32183322 PMCID: PMC7140073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative factors promoting cancer recurrence and metastasis are under scrutiny. While oxygen toxicity is documented in several acute circumstances, its implication in tumor evolution is poorly understood. We investigated hyperoxia long-term effects on cancer progression and some underlying mechanisms using both in vitro and in vivo models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that high oxygen exposure, even of short duration, may have long-term effects on cancer growth. Considering that hyperoxic exposure results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increased oxidative stress and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression, BDNF may mediate hyperoxia effects offering cancer cells a survival advantage by increased angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Human breast epithelial MCF10A, human MDA-MB-231 and murine 4T1 TNBC were investigated in 2D in vitro system. Cells were exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia (40%, 60%, 80% O2) for 6 h. We evaluated ROS levels, cell viability and the expression of BDNF, HIF-1α, VEGF-R2, Vimentin and E-Cadherin by immunofluorescence. The in vivo model consisted of 4T1 inoculation in Balb/c mice and tumor resection 2 weeks after and 6 h exposure to normoxia or hyperoxia (40%, 80% O2). We measured lung metastases and the same molecular markers, immediately and 4 weeks after surgery. The in vitro study showed that short-term hyperoxia exposure (80% O2) of TNBC cells increases ROS, increases BDNF expression and that promotes EMT and angiogenesis. The in vivo data indicates that perioperative hyperoxia enhances metastatic disease and this effect could be BDNF mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tiron
- TRANSCEND Research Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (P.A.P.); (F.Z.-E.)
| | - Irina Ristescu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (I.G.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paula A. Postu
- TRANSCEND Research Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (P.A.P.); (F.Z.-E.)
| | - Crina E. Tiron
- TRANSCEND Research Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (P.A.P.); (F.Z.-E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Florin Zugun-Eloae
- TRANSCEND Research Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania; (A.T.); (P.A.P.); (F.Z.-E.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700400 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Grigoras
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.R.); (I.G.)
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
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38
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Regulation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010257. [PMID: 31963575 PMCID: PMC7019526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) are widely distributed in multiple regions of the human brain. Specifically, BDNF/TrkB is highly expressed and activated in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and plays a critical role in neurophysiological processes, including neuro-protection and maturation and maintenance of neurons. The activation as well as dysfunction of the BDNF-TrkB pathway are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of BDNF/TrkB in the substantia nigra is significantly reduced in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. This review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the cellular and molecular roles of BNDF/TrkB signaling and its isoform, TrkB.T1, in Parkinson's disease. We have also discussed the effects of current therapies on BDNF/TrkB signaling in Parkinson's disease patients and the mechanisms underlying the mutation-mediated acquisition of resistance to therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Scotton E, Colombo R, Reis JC, Possebon GMP, Hizo GH, Valiati FE, Géa LP, Bristot G, Salvador M, Silva TM, Guerra AE, Lopes TF, Rosa AR, Kunz M. BDNF prevents central oxidative damage in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model: The possible role of PRDX-1 in anhedonic behavior. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112245. [PMID: 31539575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sustained increase of glucocorticoids have been evidenced in major depression and are related to changes involving neurotrophins and markers of oxidative stress in response to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate central measures of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity in rats submitted to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), as well as to investigate the relationship between BDNF levels and differentially processes. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were submitted to CUMS for six weeks. Based on a sucrose preference test (SPT), the animals were divided into anhedonic or non-anhedonic clusters. Afterwards, forced swim test (FST) and open field test (OFT) were performed, and the animals were euthanized. Brain tissue was collected, followed by quantification of oxidative damage, total antioxidant capacity and BDNF levels. Anhedonic behavior was evidenced in stress-susceptible animals through decreased sucrose preference. No differences were found in FST or OFT results. We observed increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus (HPC) of animals exposed to the CUMS protocol, accompanied by decreased total antioxidant capacity, despite the absence of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. Moreover, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways, which were differentially expressed in anhedonic animals from other studies with similar experimental protocol. expressed proteins (DEP) involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory biological Anhedonic behavior was associated with peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX-1) up-regulation and down-regulation of proteins involved with apoptotic and inflammation signaling (RELA, ASK-1 and TAK-1) in the HPC. Taken together, these data suggest that BDNF and PRDX-1 might be involved in initial stress response, playing a compensatory role by preventing oxidative damage to lipids and proteins through the modulation of antioxidant defense after CUMS in anhedonic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Scotton
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Colombo
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica C Reis
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela M P Possebon
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel H Hizo
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda E Valiati
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza P Géa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de estresse oxidativo e antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tuani M Silva
- Laboratório de estresse oxidativo e antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra E Guerra
- Easy Search Assessoria em Pesquisa, Grupo Diagnose, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiago F Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Kunz
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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40
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Gölz C, Kirchhoff FP, Westerhorstmann J, Schmidt M, Hirnet T, Rune GM, Bender RA, Schäfer MKE. Sex hormones modulate pathogenic processes in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 150:173-187. [PMID: 30790293 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have revealed sex-specific differences in histopathological and neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The impact of perioperative administration of sex steroid inhibitors on TBI is still elusive. Here, we subjected male and female C57Bl/6N mice to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI and applied pharmacological inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis, that is, letrozole (LET, inhibiting estradiol synthesis by aromatase) and finasteride (FIN, inhibiting dihydrotestosterone synthesis by 5α-reductase), respectively, starting 72 h prior CCI, and continuing for a further 48 h after CCI. Initial gene expression analyses showed that androgen (Ar) and estrogen receptors (Esr1) were sex-specifically altered 72 h after CCI. When examining brain lesion size, we found larger lesions in male than in female mice, but did not observe effects of FIN or LET treatment. However, LET treatment exacerbated neurological deficits 24 and 72 h after CCI. On the molecular level, FIN administration reduced calpain-dependent spectrin breakdown products, a proxy of excitotoxicity and disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, specifically in males, whereas LET increased the reactive astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acid protein specifically in females. Examination of neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal growth factor, NT-3) and their receptors (p75NTR , TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) revealed CCI-induced down-regulation of TrkB and TrkC protein expression, which was reduced by LET in both sexes. Interestingly, FIN decreased neuronal growth factor mRNA expression and protein levels of its receptor TrkA only in males. Taken together, our data suggest a sex-specific impact on pathogenic processes in the injured brain after TBI. Sex hormones may thus modulate pathogenic processes in experimental TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gölz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Paul Kirchhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Hirnet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland A Bender
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Mainz, Germany
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41
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Núñez MT, Hidalgo C. Noxious Iron-Calcium Connections in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:48. [PMID: 30809110 PMCID: PMC6379295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and calcium share the common feature of being essential for normal neuronal function. Iron is required for mitochondrial function, synaptic plasticity, and the development of cognitive functions whereas cellular calcium signals mediate neurotransmitter exocytosis, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity, and control the expression of genes involved in learning and memory processes. Recent studies have revealed that cellular iron stimulates calcium signaling, leading to downstream activation of kinase cascades engaged in synaptic plasticity. The relationship between calcium and iron is Janus-faced, however. While under physiological conditions iron-mediated reactive oxygen species generation boosts normal calcium-dependent signaling pathways, excessive iron levels promote oxidative stress leading to the upsurge of unrestrained calcium signals that damage mitochondrial function, among other downstream targets. Similarly, increases in mitochondrial calcium to non-physiological levels result in mitochondrial dysfunction and a predicted loss of iron homeostasis. Hence, if uncontrolled, the iron/calcium self-feeding cycle becomes deleterious to neuronal function, leading eventually to neuronal death. Here, we review the multiple cell-damaging responses generated by the unregulated iron/calcium self-feeding cycle, such as excitotoxicity, free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, and the oxidative modification of crucial components of iron and calcium homeostasis/signaling: the iron transporter DMT1, plasma membrane, and intracellular calcium channels and pumps. We discuss also how iron-induced dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium contributes to the generation of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tulio Núñez
- Iron and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, CEMC, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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