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Kotwal N, Pathania D, Singh A, Din Sheikh ZU, Kothari R. Enzyme immobilization with nanomaterials for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: Challenges and future Perspectives. Carbohydr Res 2024; 543:109208. [PMID: 39013334 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has emerged as a prodigious strategy in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) promising enhanced efficacy and stability of the enzymes. Further, enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) facilitates the easy recovery and reuse of biocatalysts. This results in the development of a nanobiocatalytic system, that serves as an eco-friendly and inexpensive LCB deconstruction approach. This review provides an overview of nanomaterials used for immobilization with special emphasis on the nanomaterial-enzyme interactions and strategies of immobilization. After the succinct outline of the immobilization procedures and supporting materials, a comprehensive assessment of the catalysis enabled by nanomaterial-immobilized biocatalysts for the conversion and degradation of lignocellulosic biomasses is provided by gathering state-of-the-art examples. The challenges and future directions associated with this technique providing a potential solution in the present article. Insight on the recent advancements in the process of nanomaterial-based immobilization for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has also been highlighted in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kotwal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India; Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Zaheer Ud Din Sheikh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India
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Jansanthea P, Inyai N, Chomkitichai W, Ketwaraporn J, Ubolsook P, Wansao C, Wanaek A, Wannawek A, Kuimalee S, Pookmanee P. Green synthesis of CuO/Fe 2O 3/ZnO ternary composite photocatalyst using grape extract for enhanced photodegradation of environmental organic pollutant. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141212. [PMID: 38246500 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This research delves into fabricating a CuO/Fe2O3/ZnO (CFZ) ternary composite photocatalyst, employing grape extract for its eco-conscious synthesis. The method intricately integrates copper acetate, ferric nitrate, and zinc acetate as precursor compounds, harmonizing them with grape extract serving as a green reducing agent. Meticulous microwave treatment and controlled calcination orchestrate the nuanced formation of the desired composite material. The extensive characterization, involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, unveils an array of favorable physical, chemical, and optical attributes conducive to proficient photocatalysis. Notably, CFZ-10mc showcases a narrower bandgap of 1.91 eV, which is pivotal for bolstering electron-hole separation, thereby enhancing its photocatalytic efficacy. Assessment of CFZ's performance in degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV irradiation highlights an impressive 88.8% degradation efficiency within 120 min, accompanied by a kinetic rate constant of 1.81 × 10-2 min-1. Deliberation upon crucial parameters, including photocatalyst dosage, initial RhB pH, and reactor energy consumption, introduces the electrical energy per order (EEO) as a notable efficiency metric. CFZ manifests a substantial reduction in operational costs, estimated to be 18.10 times lower than conventional photolysis, signifying an EEO value of 509.17 kWh m-3 order-1. Optimal operational conditions propose a photocatalyst content of 1.5 g L-1 and an initial RhB pH of 7, fostering the prevalence of the primary active species, •OH. These findings illuminate CFZ's potential in mitigating organic pollutants, underlining its pivotal role in sustainable water remediation. Additionally, practical implementation guidelines for leveraging CFZ's capabilities in real-world applications are presented with care and consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongthep Jansanthea
- Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand.
| | - Nattha Inyai
- Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Chomkitichai
- Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Ketwaraporn
- Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Putthadee Ubolsook
- Program in Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Chaowarit Wansao
- Program in Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Aimon Wanaek
- Program in Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, 53000, Thailand
| | - Atit Wannawek
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Lampang, Lampang, 52000, Thailand
| | - Surasak Kuimalee
- Program in Industrial Chemistry Innovation, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Pusit Pookmanee
- Program in Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
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Negash A, Mohammed S, Weldekirstos HD, Ambaye AD, Gashu M. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using eco-friendly synthesized rGO@ZnO nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22234. [PMID: 38097751 PMCID: PMC10721910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial chemical pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) dye are released into the water body and potentially cause harm to the human and aquatic biosphere. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize eco-friendly nanocatalysts, i.e., reduced graphene oxide (rGO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide (rGO@ZnO) nanocomposites, for efficient photocatalytic degradation of MB dye. A graphite rod was obtained from waste dry cell batteries for the electrochemical exfoliation synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and rGO. For the eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts, Croton macrostachyus leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. The eco-friendly synthesized rGO, ZnO, and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts were applied for the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye using direct sunlight irradiation. At optimum parameters, photocatalytic degradation of MB dye efficiency reached up to 66%, 96.5%, and 99.0%, respectively. Furthermore, kinetics of the photodegradation reaction based on rGO, ZnO, and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts follow pseudo-first-order with a rate constant of 2.16 × 10-3 min-1, 4.97 × 10-3 min-1, and 5.03 × 10-3 min-1, respectively. Lastly, this study promotes a low catalyst load (20 mg) for the efficient photodegradation of MB dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Negash
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Said Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abera D Ambaye
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
- Materials Science and Engineering Research, Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, P.O. Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Minbale Gashu
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
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Xu Z, Zada N, Habib F, Ullah H, Hussain K, Ullah N, Bibi M, Bibi M, Ghani H, Khan S, Hussain K, Cai X, Ullah H. Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye Using Silver-Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:6241. [PMID: 37687068 PMCID: PMC10488963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and excellent nanoparticles are required for the degradation of organic dyes in photocatalysis. In this study, silver-manganese oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Mn-NPs) were synthesized through a wet chemical precipitation method and characterized as an advanced catalyst that has enhanced photocatalytic activity under sunlight irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, UV-vis light spectra, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealing their spherical and agglomerated form. The EDX spectra confirmed the composition of the nanoparticles, indicating their presence in oxide form. These bimetallic oxide nanoparticles were employed as photocatalysts for the degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under sunlight irradiation in an aqueous medium. The study investigated the effects of various parameters, such as irradiation time, catalyst dosage, recovered catalyst dosage, dye concentration, and pH, on the dye's photodegradation. The results showed that Ag-Mn oxide nanoparticles exhibited high photocatalytic activity, degrading 92% of the dye in 100 min. A longer irradiation time led to increased dye degradation. Moreover, a higher catalyst dosage resulted in a higher dye degradation percentage, with 91% degradation achieved using 0.0017 g of the photocatalyst in 60 min. Increasing the pH of the medium also enhanced the dye degradation, with 99% degradation achieved at pH 10 in 60 min. However, the photodegradation rate decreased with increasing dye concentration. The Ag-Mn oxide nanoparticles demonstrate excellent potential as a reliable visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xu
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Noor Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Fazal Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Naveed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marwa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Huma Ghani
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Khitab Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Lower Dir, Timergara 18300, Pakistan (H.U.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Xinyan Cai
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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5
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Umar E, Ikram M, Haider J, Nabgan W, Imran M, Nazir G. A State-of-Art Review of the Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials Effect on Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dyes and a Bibliometric Analysis. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300001. [PMID: 37287595 PMCID: PMC10242535 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of hard contaminants in wastewater is generated from different industries as byproducts of the organic compound. In this review, various metal oxide-based nanomaterials are employed for the photocatalytic removal of malachite green (MG) dye from wastewater. Some cost-effective and appropriate testing conditions are used for degrading these hard dyes to get higher removal efficiency. The effects of specific parameters are considered such as how the catalyst is made, how much dye is in the solution at first, how much nanocatalyst is needed to break down the dye, the initial pH of the dye solution, the type of light source used, the year of publications, and how long the dye has to be exposed to light to be removed. This study suggests that Scopus-based core collected data employ bibliometric methods to provide an objective analysis of global MG dye from 2011 to 2022 (12 years). The Scopus database collects all the information (articles, authors, keywords, and publications). For bibliometric analysis, 658 publications are retrieved corresponding to MG dye photodegradation, and the number of publications increases annually. A bibliometric study reveals a state-of-art review of metal oxide-based nanomaterials' effects on photocatalytic degradation of MG dyes (12 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtisham Umar
- Solar Cell Applications Research LabDepartment of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore54000Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research LabDepartment of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore54000Pakistan
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin300308China
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria QuímicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliAv Països Catalans 26Tarragona43007Spain
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College University FaisalabadPakpattan RoadSahiwalPunjab57000Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Nazir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
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Amin S, Aziz T, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Saleem I, Rizwan M, Ashar A, Mussawar HA, Maqsood MA. Zinc oxide nanoparticles coated urea enhances nitrogen efficiency and zinc bioavailability in wheat in alkaline calcareous soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27209-5. [PMID: 37145353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous fertilizers have low efficiency in alkaline calcareous soils due to volatilization and denitrification. These losses cause economic environmental constraints. Coating of urea with nanoparticles (NPs) is an innovative strategy to improve crop yields by sustaining N availability. In the current study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by precipitation method and characterized for morphology and configuration, bond formation, and crystal assemblage using the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results confirmed the size of ZnO NPs in the size range of 25 nm with cuboid shape. Urea fertilizer, coated with ZnO NPs, was applied to wheat crop in a pot trial. Two rates of ZnO NPs at 2.8 and 5.7 mg kg-1 were selected to coat the commercial urea. A batch experiment was conducted to ensure the ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) ions release by amending the soil with ZnO NPs coated urea and comparing with non-amended soil. The gradual release of NH4+ was observed for 21 days from the ZnO NP-coated urea. In the second part of trial, seven different treatments of coated and uncoated urea were tested on wheat crop. Urea coated with ZnO nanoparticles at 5.7 mg kg-1 improved all growth attributes and yields. The ZnO NP coated urea increased the N content shoot (1.90 g 100g-1 DW) and potentially biofortified Zn content (47.86 mg kg-1) in wheat grain. The results are indicative of viability of a novel coating for commercial urea that will not only reduce N losses but also supplement Zn without additional cost of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiza Amin
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ifra Saleem
- Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, 38850, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Ashar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Adnan Mussawar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Maqsood
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Chinnathambi A, Ali Alharbi S, Lavarti R, Jhanani GK, On-Uma R, Jutamas K, Anupong W. Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of phyto-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against dengue vector aedes aegypti. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114574. [PMID: 36270535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the phyto-synthesizing potential of Tarenna asiatica methanol leaf extract as well as its larvicidal and pupicidal potential against Aedes aegypti larvae. According to the findings of this study, the methanol leaf extract of T. asiatica has the potential to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles from zinc acetate dehydrate. Standard analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray were used to characterize the phyto-synthesized nanoparticles. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized ranged in size from 22.35 to 31.27 nm and was spherical in shape. These nanoparticles demonstrated excellent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae in the second, third, and fourth in stars, as well as significant pupicidal activity. These findings suggest that the methanol leaf extract of T. asiatica synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, which could be used to develop mosquito repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupa Lavarti
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - G K Jhanani
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruangwong On-Uma
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kumchai Jutamas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wongchai Anupong
- Department of Agricultural Economy and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Velumani M, Thiruppathi G, Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Sundararaj P, Premasudha P. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cananga odorata essential oil and its antibacterial efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109448. [PMID: 36064134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure exhibits antimicrobial properties, which have prompted more research on their bactericidal effect against foodborne pathogens. The present work focused on the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Cananga odorata essential oil. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, SEM, and FT-IR analysis. The bactericidal activity of biosynthesized ZnO NPs was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro results indicate that ZnO NPs have excellent antibacterial activity and that the bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms are based on ROS production and depend on its penetration and interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, ZnO NPs were found to be non-toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans, an in vivo animal model, up to 1 g/L and exert antibacterial activity by reducing the growth and colonization of pathogens. By reducing pathogen virulence, ZnO NPs significantly improved worms' physiological functions such as pharyngeal pumping, body length, reproduction, and movement. The competitive effect of ZnO NPs against pathogenic bacteria increased the gut-barrier integrity of C. elegans. The most interesting observation was noted that ZnO treatment increased the mean survival rate of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus infected C. elegans by 56.6 % and 62.4 %, respectively. As an outcome, our study proved that green synthesized ZnO NPs exhibit remarkable biological properties and can be used as an efficient bactericidal agent against foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Velumani
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
| | | | - Amirthalingam Mohankumar
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India. https://twitter.com/@amir_mohankumar
| | - Duraisamy Kalaiselvi
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India. https://twitter.com/@KalaiselviDura1
| | | | - Paramasivam Premasudha
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India.
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9
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Albizia lebbeck-mediated ZnO phytosynthesis and their non-antimicrobial and biocompatibility studies. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Bloch K, Mohammed SM, Karmakar S, Shukla S, Asok A, Banerjee K, Patil-Sawant R, Mohd Kaus NH, Thongmee S, Ghosh S. Catalytic dye degradation by novel phytofabricated silver/zinc oxide composites. Front Chem 2022; 10:1013077. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1013077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytofabrication of the nanoparticles with exotic shape and size is an attractive area where nanostructures with noteworthy physicochemical and optoelectronic properties that can be significantly employed for photocatalytic dye degradation. In this study a medicinal plant, Plumbago auriculata leaf extract (PALE) was used to synthesize zinc oxide particles (ZnOPs) and silver mixed zinc oxide particles (ZnOAg1Ps, ZnOAg10Ps, ZnO10Ag1Ps) by varying the concentration of the metal precursor salts, i.e. zinc acetate and silver nitrate. The PALE showed significantly high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, reducing sugar, starch, citric acid and plumbagin up to 314.3 ± 0.33, 960.0 ± 2.88, 121.3 ± 4.60, 150.3 ± 3.17, 109.4 ± 2.36, and 260.4 ± 8.90 μg/ml, respectively which might play an important role for green synthesis and capping of the phytogenic nanoparticles. The resulting particles were polydispersed which were mostly irregular, spherical, hexagonal and rod like in shape. The pristine ZnOPs exhibited a UV absorption band at 352 nm which shifted around 370 in the Ag mixed ZnOPs with concomitant appearance of peaks at 560 and 635 nm in ZnO10Ag1Ps and ZnOAg1Ps, respectively. The majority of the ZnOPs, ZnOAg1Ps, ZnOAg10Ps, and ZnO10Ag1Ps were 407, 98, 231, and 90 nm in size, respectively. Energy dispersive spectra confirmed the elemental composition of the particles while Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the involvement of the peptide and methyl functional groups in the synthesis and capping of the particles. The composites exhibited superior photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, maximum being 95.7% by the ZnOAg10Ps with a rate constant of 0.0463 s−1 following a first order kinetic model. The present result clearly highlights that Ag mixed ZnOPs synthesized using Plumbago auriculata leaf extract (PALE) can play a critical role in removal of hazardous dyes from effluents of textile and dye industries. Further expanding the application of these phytofabricated composites will promote a significant complementary and alternative strategy for treating refractory pollutants from wastewater.
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Synthesis and characterization of Vitis vinifera exocarp-mediated ZnO nanoparticles: An evaluation of biological potential and ecotoxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Chinnathambi A, Ali Alharbi S, Joshi D, Lenin H. Anticancer and Free Radical Scavenging Competence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aqueous Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus acidus. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9493816. [PMID: 38623354 PMCID: PMC11018370 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9493816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesizing efficiency of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus acidus. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of synthesized ZnONPs were also investigated through the in-vitro approach. The obtained results show that the aqueous extract of P. acidus can synthesize ZnONPs, as evidenced by a sharp absorbance peak at 375 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the aqueous extract contained significant numbers of functional groups, which were involved in reducing zinc nitrate into ZnONPs. Also, they participate in the capping and stabilization of synthesized ZnONPs and their size ranged from 27.14-35.74 nm with a spherical shape . The results obtained in ABTS radical scavenging activity 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroxyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 2,2'-Azino-Bis(3-ethylbenzene thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays declared has excellent in-vitro radicals scavenging activity with reasonable IC50 values. Interestingly, these green synthesized ZnONPs have an excellent anticancer activity against human epidermoid carcinoma (Hep3) cell line in an in-vitro approach. These findings imply that an aqueous leaf extract of P. acidus can be used to synthesize pharmaceutically valuable ZnONPs. To consider such nanomaterials as potential therapeutic agents, optimization and in-vivo biomedical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Haiter Lenin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, WOLLO University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
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Rajeshkumar S, Santhoshkumar J, Parameswari RP, Saravanan S, Balusamy SR, Arunachalam K. Degradation of Toxic Dye and Antimicrobial and Free Radical Potential of Environmental Benign Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4513208. [PMID: 35903518 PMCID: PMC9325584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4513208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several industries have become major contributors to waterbody contamination due to the improper removal of dyes and effluents into water bodies. Due to their carcinogenic properties and low biodegradability, dye degradation is a considerable danger to people, animals, and the oceanic environment. As part of this study, Andrographis paniculata leaf extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize zinc nanoparticles and degrade dyes such as methyl red and eosin. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm in the UV spectrum. The FTIR result showed a band at 597.93 cm-1 that confirmed the formation of zinc nanoparticles. AFM results revealed spherical ZnONPs. The SEM results predicted an average particle size of 60 nm for crystalline particles. Biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. but lesser activity against Klebsiella spp. and S. aureus. At 1000 μg/ml concentration, ZnONPs had the highest antioxidant activity of 45.34%. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer measured dye degradation progress between 300 and 800 nm. For methyl red, the maximum absorption peak was measured at 415 nm, and for eosin, the maximum peak value was measured between 500 and 515 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - Jayakodí Santhoshkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, TN, India
| | - R. P. Parameswari
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalirajan Arunachalam
- Department of Science and Mathematics, School of Science, Engineering and Technology Mulungushi University, Kabwe 80415, Zambia
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14
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Catalytic potential of endophytes facilitates synthesis of biometallic zinc oxide nanoparticles for agricultural application. Biometals 2022; 35:967-985. [PMID: 35834149 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances fascinated the use of biological resources in combination with metals to obtain high quality biometals and apply its advantages in different fields. Endophytic mediated Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) is an economical and ecofriendly way for farmers to avoid Zn deficiency in rice crop and obtain high yield. Here we synthesized ZnO-NPs utilizing endophytic bacterial strain of Enterobacter hormaechei (E. hormaechei). The physiochemical properties of the prepared NPs were determined through UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. The prepared NPs revealed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 320 nm (nm) and crystalline structure with 21 nm average crystalline size. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic, alcohol and amine functional groups, which confirm the biometallic assembling of the ZnO and endophytic bacterial functional groups. SEM showed pyramidal symmetry whereas TEM revealed poly dispersed spherical shape with particle size distribution 18-48 nm. Our results showed that prepared NPs possess significant antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant potential at 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL concentrations. Moreover, Cytotoxic and hemolytic assay showed significant results (less % viability and hemolysis activity) at 50 and 100 µg/mL (ZnO-NP's) concentrations as compared to control. The prepared ZnO-NPs were used as bio fertilizer in various concentrations as a foliar spray, which showed significant enhancement of the rice plant growth, along with chlorophyll, proteins and carotenoid contents. These results recommend that endophytic mediated ZnO-NPs are biocompatible and possess significant potential for agricultural applications.
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15
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Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green and antibacterial potential of biomimetic-synthesized zirconium oxide nanoparticles using Annona reticulata leaf extract. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Al-Mohaimeed AM, Al-Onazi WA, El-Tohamy MF. Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020579. [PMID: 35056891 PMCID: PMC8780092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes an environmental-friendly preparation of ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous oat extract. The advanced electrochemical and optical features of green synthesized ZnONPs displayed excellent antibacterial activity and exhibited an important role in pharmaceutical determinations. The formation of nanoscale ZnO was confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. The formed nanoparticles were found to be around 100 nm. The as-prepared ZnONPs were monitored for their antibacterial potential against different bacterial strains. The inhibition zones for ZnONPs were found as Escherichia coli (16 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (11 mm) using a 30-µg mL−1 sample concentration. In addition, ZnONPs exhibited significant antioxidant effects, from 58 to 67%, with an average IC50 value of 0.88 ± 0.03 scavenging activity and from 53 to 71% (IC50 value of 0.73 ± 0.05) versus the scavenging free radicals DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The photocatalytic potential of ZnONPs for Rhodamine B dye degradation under UV irradiation was calculated. The photodegradation process was carried out as a function of time-dependent and complete degradation (nearly 98%), with color removal after 120 min. Conclusively, the synthesized ZnONPs using oat biomass might provide a great promise in the future for biomedical applications.
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17
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Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rivina humilis leaf extract and their biomedical applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Samuel MS, Selvarajan E, Chidambaram R, Patel H, Brindhadevi K. Clean approach for chromium removal in aqueous environments and role of nanomaterials in bioremediation: Present research and future perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131368. [PMID: 34225115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is an insidious ecological pollutant that is of huge value for its toxicity. The existing ecological objective to lower the heights of toxic materials in marine systems and to stimulate the existing water to recycle after suitable treatment of wastewater. Chromium is a hazard element that appears in discharges of numerous industries that must be diminished to accomplish the goals. Nearly all of the findings described in the literature related to the usage of various materials such as fungal, algal, bacterial biomass, and nanomaterials for chromium adsorption. The current work evaluates the findings of research commenced in the preceding on the use of a variety of adsorbents to decrease chromium concentrations in contaminated waters. This review article focuses on the issue of chromium contamination, its chemistry, causes, consequences, biological agent remediation techniques, and the detailed process of chromium detoxification in microbial cells. It also lists a description of the in situ and ex situ chromium bioremediation methods used. This can help design more effective Cr(VI) removal methods, thus bridging the difference between laboratory discoveries and industrial chromium remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin S Samuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CEAS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - E Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Himanshu Patel
- Applied Science and Humanities Department, Pacific School of Engineering, Kadodara, Palasana Road, Surat, 394305, Gujarat, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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19
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Samuel MS, Jeyaram K, Datta S, Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Selvarajan E. Detection, Contamination, Toxicity, and Prevention Methods of Ochratoxins: An Update Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13974-13989. [PMID: 34783556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxins (OTs) with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties are thermostable fungal subordinate metabolites. OTs contamination can occur before or after harvesting, during the processing, packing, distribution, and storage of food. Mold development and mycotoxin contamination can occur in any crop or cereal that has not been stored properly for long periods of time and is subjected to high levels of humidity and temperature. Ochratoxin A (OTA) presents a significant health threat to creatures and individuals. There is also a concern of how human interaction with OTA will also express the remains of OTA from feedstuffs into animal-derived items. Numerous approaches have been studied for the reduction of the OTA content in agronomic products. These methods can be classified into two major classes: inhibition of OTA adulteration and decontamination or detoxification of food. A description of the various mycotoxins, the organism responsible for the development of mycotoxins, and their adverse effects are given. In the current paper, the incidence of OTA in various fodder and food materials is discussed, which is accompanied by a brief overview of the OTA mode of synthesis, physicochemical properties, toxic effects of various types of ochratoxins, and OTA decontamination adaptation methods. To our knowledge, we are the first to report on the structure of many naturally accessible OTAs and OTA metabolism. Finally, this paper seeks to be insightful and draw attention to dangerous OTA, which is too frequently neglected and overlooked in farm duplication from the list of discrepancy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin S Samuel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanimozhi Jeyaram
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saptashwa Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641022, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
| | - Ethiraj Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Omran B, Baek KH. Nanoantioxidants: Pioneer Types, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:7031. [PMID: 34834124 PMCID: PMC8624789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes as well as due to exposure to several environmental pollutants. They are highly reactive species, causing cellular damage and are associated with a plethora of oxidative stress-related diseases and disorders. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by interfering with free radical propagation or inhibiting free radical formation, reducing oxidative stress, improving immune function, and increasing health longevity. Antioxidant functionalized metal nanoparticles, transition metal oxides, and nanocomposites have been identified as potent nanoantioxidants. They can be formulated in monometallic, bimetallic, and multi-metallic combinations via chemical and green synthesis techniques. The intrinsic antioxidant properties of nanomaterials are dependent on their tunable configuration, physico-chemical properties, crystallinity, surface charge, particle size, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface coating. Nanoantioxidants have several advantages over conventional antioxidants, involving increased bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to the site of action. This review emphasizes the most pioneering types of nanoantioxidants such as nanoceria, silica nanoparticles, polydopamine nanoparticles, and nanocomposite-, polysaccharide-, and protein-based nanoantioxidants. This review overviews the antioxidant potential of biologically synthesized nanomaterials, which have emerged as significant alternatives due to their biocompatibility and high stability. The promising nanoencapsulation nanosystems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and liposome nanoparticles are highlighted. The advantages, limitations, and future insights of nanoantioxidant applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
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21
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Baschieri A, Amorati R. Methods to Determine Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity of Nanomaterials beyond DPPH •. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1551. [PMID: 34679687 PMCID: PMC8533328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the progress made in recent years in understanding the mechanism of action of nanomaterials with antioxidant activity and in the chemical methods used to evaluate their activity. Nanomaterials represent one of the most recent frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants, but further development is hampered by a poor characterization of the ''antioxidant activity'' property and by using oversimplified chemical methods. Inhibited autoxidation experiments provide valuable information about the interaction with the most important radicals involved in the lipid oxidation, namely alkylperoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, and demonstrate unambiguously the ability to stop the oxidation of organic materials. It is proposed that autoxidation methods should always complement (and possibly replace) the use of assays based on the quenching of stable radicals (such as DPPH• and ABTS•+). The mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the autoxidation (sacrificial and catalytic radical trapping antioxidant activity) are described in the context of nanoantioxidants. Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate testing conditions and of meaningful kinetic analysis are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Shah A, Tauseef I, Yameen MA, Haleem SK, Haq S, Shoukat S. In-vivo toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of Paeonia emodi-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles: In-vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:181-192. [PMID: 34390521 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to explore the in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic significance of Paeonia emodi-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The texture parameters were derived from nitrogen adsorption-desorption data using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, and the surface area (SBET ) was found to be 214 m2 /g with a pore size of 2.3 nm. The crystallographic parameters were investigated through X-ray diffraction analysis, and the calculated crystallite size is 29.13 nm. The microstructure was examined through transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM, respectively), and the average particle size estimated from a TEM image is 44.40 nm. The chemical composition and attached function groups were identified through energy-dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The in-vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for both bacterial species results was found less than 2 μg/ml. The tolerance limit of mouse models was evaluated by the inoculation of different concentrations of ZnO suspension where the concentration above 23 ppm was proved lethal. The maximum infection was caused in mouse models by inoculation of 3 × 107 CFUs (Colony forming unit) of the both bacterial species. The concentration higher than 3 × 107 CFUs led to the ultimate death of the mice. The histopathological and hematological studies reveal that the after simultaneous inoculation of both ZnO NPs and bacterial suspensions (tolerated amount), no/negligible infection was found in the mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfat Yameen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sirajul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabeena Shoukat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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23
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Singh KR, Nayak V, Singh J, Singh AK, Singh RP. Potentialities of bioinspired metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in biomedical sciences. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24722-24746. [PMID: 35481029 PMCID: PMC9036962 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, various reports have shown that metallic gold bhasma at the nanoscale form was used as medicine as early as 2500 B.C. in India, China, and Egypt. Owing to their unique physicochemical, biological, and electronic properties, they have broad utilities in energy, environment, agriculture and more recently, the biomedical field. The biomedical domain has been used in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, therapeutics, and biosensing applications. In this review, we will discuss and highlight the increasing control over metal and metal oxide nanoparticle structures as smart nanomaterials utilized in the biomedical domain to advance the role of biosynthesized nanoparticles for improving human health through wide applications in the targeted drug delivery, controlled release drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue scaffolding, and medical implants. In addition, we have discussed concerns related to the role of these types of nanoparticles as an anti-viral agent by majorly highlighting the ways to combat the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, along with their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG Autonomous College Durg Chhattisgarh (491001) India
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh (484886) India +91-91-0934-6565
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh (221005) India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG Autonomous College Durg Chhattisgarh (491001) India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh (484886) India +91-91-0934-6565
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24
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Vasantharaj S, Shivakumar P, Sathiyavimal S, Senthilkumar P, Vijayaram S, Shanmugavel M, Pugazhendhi A. Antibacterial activity and photocatalytic dye degradation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Justicia gendarussa. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Rajnish KN, Samuel MS, John J A, Datta S, Chandrasekar N, Balaji R, Jose S, Selvarajan E. Immobilization of cellulase enzymes on nano and micro-materials for breakdown of cellulose for biofuel production-a narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1793-1802. [PMID: 34058212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is a very abundant polymer that is found in nature. Cellulose has been used as a raw material for production of biofuels for many years. However, there are multiple processing steps that are required so that cellulose can be used as a raw material for biofuel production. One of the most important steps is the breakdown of cellulose into intermediate sugars which can then be a viable substrate for biofuel production. Cellulases are enzymes which play a role in the catalysis of the breakdown of cellulose into glucose. Nanomaterials and micromaterials have been gaining a lot of attention over the past few years for its potential in immobilizing enzymes for industrial procedures. Immobilization of enzymes on these nanomaterials has been observed to be of great value due to the improvement in thermal stability, pH stability, regenerative capacity, increase in activity and the reusability of enzymes. Similarly, there have been multiple reports of cellulase enzymes being immobilized on various nanoparticles. The immobilization of these cellulase enzymes have resulted in very efficient processing and provide a great and economic solution for the processing of cellulose for biofuel production. Hence in this paper, we review and discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of enzymes on various available nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Narayanan Rajnish
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melvin S Samuel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashwini John J
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saptashwa Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narendhar Chandrasekar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramachandran Balaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
| | - Sujin Jose
- School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Ethiraj Selvarajan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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26
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Alavi M, Nokhodchi A. Synthesis and modification of bio-derived antibacterial Ag and ZnO nanoparticles by plants, fungi, and bacteria. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1953-1962. [PMID: 33845219 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ag and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) can be prepared by physical, chemical, or eco-friendly methods. The biosynthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs by plants, fungi, and bacteria could be a promising way to obtain biocompatible NPs that have desirable antibacterial activities. However, the uniformity of shape, size, and size distribution of NPs are crucial to producing significant antibacterial results, particularly in physiological conditions such as infected wounds or septicemia. In this review, we discuss recent progress and challenges in the use of novel approaches for the biosynthesis of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles that have antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
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27
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Nanomaterials significance; contaminants degradation for environmental applications. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abf689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides an innovative platform that is inexpensive, reasonable, having least chances of secondary contamination, economical, and an effective method to concurrently eradicate numerous impurities from contaminated wastewater. Presently, different researches have been conducted exhibiting versatile multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) that concurrently confiscate several impurities existing in the water. Nanotechnology helps in eliminating impurities from water through the rapid, low-cost method. Pollutants such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (death-causing contaminant as it quickly gets absorbed via the skin), or industrial dyes including methyl violet (MV) or methyl orange (MO) causing water contamination were also concisely explained. In this mini-review, nanomaterials were critically investigated, and the practicability and effectiveness of the elimination of contaminations were debated. The analysis shows that a few of these processes can be commercialized in treating diverse toxins via multifunctional nanotechnology innovations. Hence, nanotechnology shows a promising and environmental friendly method to resolve the restrictions of current and conventional contaminated water treatment. We can progress the technology, without influencing and affecting the natural earth environment conditions.
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Liu P, Cai Y, Zhang J, Wang R, Li B, Weng Q, Chen Q. Antifungal activity of liquiritin in Phytophthora capsici comprises not only membrane-damage-mediated autophagy, apoptosis, and Ca 2+ reduction but also an induced defense responses in pepper. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111813. [PMID: 33360212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici causes a severe soil-borne disease in a wide variety of vegetables; to date, no effective strategies to control P. capsici have been developed. Liquiritin (LQ) is a natural flavonoid found in licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.) root, and it is used in pharmaceuticals. However, the antifungal activity of LQ against P. capsici remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that LQ inhibits P. capsici mycelial growth and sporangial development. In addition, the EC50 of LQ was 658.4 mg/L and LQ caused P. capsici sporangia to shrink and collapse. Next, LQ severely damaged the cell membrane integrity, leading to a 2.0-2.5-fold increase in relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde concentration, and a 65-70% decrease in sugar content. Additionally, the H2O2 content was increased about 2.0-2.5 fold, but the total antioxidant activity, catalase activity and laccase activity were attenuated by 40-45%, 30-35% and 70-75%. LQ also induced autophagy, apoptosis, and reduction of intracellular Ca2+ content. Furthermore, LQ inhibited P. capsici pathogenicity by reducing the expression of virulence genes PcCRN4 and Pc76RTF, and stimulating the plant defense (including the activated transcriptional expression of defense-related genes CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaSAR82, and the increased antioxidant enzyme activity). Our results not only elucidate the antifungal mechanism of LQ but also suggest a promising alternative to commercial fungicides or a key compound in the development of new fungicides for the control of the Phytophthora disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Yushan Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Benjin Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Qiyong Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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González SCE, Bolaina-Lorenzo E, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Puente-Urbina BA, Rodríguez-Fernández O, Fonseca-García A, Betancourt-Galindo R. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of ZnO with different morphologies: a comparative study. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:68. [PMID: 33489685 PMCID: PMC7806688 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPS) with different morphologies were synthesized, and the antibacterial and anticancer activity was studied, herein. The physicochemical characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible. To study the antibacterial and anticancer capability of ZnO NPS, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria and HeLa cancer cells were exposed at different doses of ZnO NPS (7-250 µg/mL). TEM analysis confirmed the obtention of spherical, hexagonal and rod ZnO NPS with an average diameter of 20 ± 4 nm, 1.17 ± 0.3 µm and 1.11 ± 1.2 µm, respectively. XRD diffractograms showed the characteristic pattern of crystalline ZnO in wurtzite phase. FTIR and UV-vis spectra showed slight differences of the main absorption peaks, revealing that different ZnO NPS morphologies may cause shifts in spectra. Biological essays showed that the number of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria as well as HeLa cells decreases linearly by increasing the nanoparticle concentration. However, the best anticancer and antibacterial activity was shown by spherical ZnO NPS at 100 µg/mL. The better capability of spherical ZnO NPS than hexagonal and rod ZnO NPS is related with its small particle size. The present results suggest that the spherical ZnO NPS has a great potential as an antibacterial and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Esparza González
- School of Dentistry, Saltillo Campus, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Adolfo Lopez Mateos, 25125 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Ena Bolaina-Lorenzo
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Col. San José de Los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - J. J. Pérez-Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, 64460 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon Mexico
| | - B. A. Puente-Urbina
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Col. San José de Los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - O. Rodríguez-Fernández
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Col. San José de Los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - A. Fonseca-García
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - R. Betancourt-Galindo
- Center for Research in Applied Chemistry, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Col. San José de Los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
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Kalpana VN, Alarjani KM, Rajeswari VD. Enhancing malaria control using Lagenaria siceraria and its mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against the vector Anopheles stephensi and its parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21568. [PMID: 33298984 PMCID: PMC7726141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, there are certain health problems faced by the public, one among them is Malaria. This tropical disease is mainly caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is categorized as a disaster to public health, which increases both mortality and morbidity. Numerous drugs are in practice to control this disease and their vectors. Eco-friendly control tools are required to battle against vector of this significant disease. Nanotechnology plays a major role in fighting against malaria. The present paper synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc nitrate via simple green routes with the help of aqueous peel extract of Lagenaria siceraria (L. siceraria). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by various biophysical methods. Moreover, the extract of L. siceraria and their mediated ZnO NPs was experimented against III instar larvae of An. stephensi. The impact of the treatment based on ZnO NPs concerning histology and morphology of mosquito larval was further observed. In the normal laboratory environment, the efficiency of predation of Poeciliareticulata (P. reticulata) against An. Stephensi larvae was found to be 44%, whereas in aqueous L. siceraria extract and its mediated ZnO NPs contaminated environment, P. reticulate showed predation efficiency of about 45.8% and 61.13% against An. Stephensi larva. L. siceraria synthesized ZnO NPs were examined against the Plasmodium falciparum CQ-sensitive strains. The L. siceraria extract and its mediated ZnO NPs showed the cytotoxic effects against HeLa cell lines with an IC50 value of 62.5 µg/mL. This study concludes that L. siceraria peel extract and L. siceraria synthesized ZnO NPs represent a valuable green option to fight against malarial vectors and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Kalpana
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore-14, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shen J, Cai W, Ma Y, Xu R, Huo Z, Song L, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Li A, Cao W, Zhou S, Tang X. hGC33-Modified and Sorafenib-Loaded Nanoparticles have a Synergistic Anti-Hepatoma Effect by Inhibiting Wnt Signaling Pathway. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:220. [PMID: 33242103 PMCID: PMC7691417 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of tumor-specific inhibitors is a challenge in cancer treatment. Antibody-modified nanoparticles can deliver their loaded drugs to tumor cells that overexpress specific tumor-associated antigens. Here, we constructed sorafenib-loaded polyethylene glycol-b-PLGA polymer nanoparticles modified with antibody hGC33 to glypican-3 (GPC3 +), a membrane protein overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that hGC33-modified NPs (hGC33-SFB-NP) targeted GPC3+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by specifically binding to GPC3 on the surface of HCC cells, inhibited Wnt-induced signal transduction, and inhibited HCC cells in G0/1 by down-regulating cyclin D1 expression, thus attenuating HCC cell migration by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. hGC33-SFB-NP inhibited the migration, cycle progression, and proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and the Wnt pathway in tandem with GPC3 molecules, respectively. hGC33-SFB-NP inhibited the growth of liver cancer in vivo and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. We conclude that hGC33 increases the targeting of SFB-NP to HCC cells. hGC33-SFB-NP synergistically inhibits the progression of HCC by blocking the Wnt pathway and the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Li Song
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xinyin Qiu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Amin Li
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Weiya Cao
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Wuhu Research Institute, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
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