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Gonçalves AC, Rodrigues S, Fonseca R, Silva LR. Potential Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Reports. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:590. [PMID: 38794160 PMCID: PMC11124183 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex illness with both hereditary and environmental components. Globally, in 2019, 18 million people had RA. RA is characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines the joints, cartilage loss, and bone erosion. Phenolic molecules are the most prevalent secondary metabolites in plants, with a diverse spectrum of biological actions that benefit functional meals and nutraceuticals. These compounds have received a lot of attention recently because they have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-rheumatoid activity by modulating tumor necrosis factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, as well as other preventative properties. This article discusses dietary polyphenols, their pharmacological properties, and innovative delivery technologies for the treatment of RA, with a focus on their possible biological activities. Nonetheless, commercialization of polyphenols may be achievable only after confirming their safety profile and completing successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rodrigues
- Health Superior School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-843 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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Raus de Baviera D, Ruiz-Canales A, Barrajón-Catalán E. Cistus albidus L.-Review of a Traditional Mediterranean Medicinal Plant with Pharmacological Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2988. [PMID: 37631199 PMCID: PMC10458491 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cistus albidus L. (Cistaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been used therapeutically since ancient times in the Mediterranean basin for its important pharmacological properties. The ability of C. albidus to produce large quantities of a wide range of natural metabolites makes it an attractive source of raw material. The main constituents with bioactive functions that exert pharmacological effects are terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 200 identified compounds. The purpose of this review is to offer a detailed account of the botanical, ethnological, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of C. albidus with the aim of encouraging additional pharmaceutical investigations into the potential therapeutic benefits of this medicinal plant. This review was carried out using organized searches of the available literature up to July 2023. A detailed analysis of C. albidus confirms its traditional use as a medicinal plant. The outcome of several studies suggests a deeper involvement of certain polyphenols and terpenes in multiple mechanisms such as inflammation and pain, with a potential application focus on neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Other diseases such as prostate cancer and leukemia have already been researched with promising results for this plant, for which no intoxication has been reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Raus de Baviera
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Canales
- Department of Engineering, Area of Agroforestry, Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (D.R.d.B.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Elche University Hospital-FISABIO, 03203 Elche, Spain
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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Vélez MD, Llano-Ramirez MA, Ramón C, Rojas J, Bedoya C, Arango-Varela S, Santa-González GA, Gil M. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effect of an optimized extract of isabella grape ( Vitis labrusca) on breast cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16540. [PMID: 37260897 PMCID: PMC10227348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic profile of Isabella grape (Vitis labrusca) offers beneficial properties to human health and makes it a functional food product. In order to better understand the phenolic compounds found in this grape variety and the biological effect they induce on breast cancer cells, an ultrasound-assisted extraction was carried out. During the extraction of polyphenols from Isabella grapes organically grown in Antioquia (Colombia), parameters such as frequency (33 kHz and 40 kHz), time and solvent were optimized to finally obtain a crude extract with antioxidant properties (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC: 293.22 ± 34.73 μmol of Trolox/g of sample), associated with a total polyphenol content (TPC) of 43.14 ± 5.00 mg GAE/g sample and a total anthocyanin content composed of 17.69 ± 2.59 mg of malvidin-3-glucoside/100 g of sample. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of the optimized extract, and results show a decrease in cell viability related to mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS increase, and chromatin condensation. To determine the possible death induction mechanism, molecular docking was simulated to predict the molecular interactions between the most abundant phenolic compounds in Isabella grape and the main apoptosis-related proteins. The results obtained from in silico and in vitro experiments were consistent with each other, suggesting that the phenolic compounds found in Isabella grape can be considered potential adjuvant chemopreventive agents for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Daniela Vélez
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - María A. Llano-Ramirez
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramón
- Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente Alquimia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Jessica Rojas
- Didáctica y Modelamiento en Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas (DAVINCI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Carolina Bedoya
- Food Engineering Research Group, Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Caldas 055440, Colombia
| | - Sandra Arango-Varela
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Maritza Gil
- Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente Alquimia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Interference of malvidin and its mono- and di-glucosides on the membrane — Combined in vitro and computational chemistry study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zarifi SH, Bagherniya M, Banach M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Phytochemicals: A potential therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of cachexia. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2843-2857. [PMID: 36403384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia, a multifactorial and often irreversible wasting syndrome, is often associated with the final phase of several chronic disorders. Although cachexia is characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and adipose tissue loss, it is a syndrome affecting different organs, which ultimately results in systemic complications and impaired quality of life. The pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms of cachexia are not fully understood, and currently there are no effective standard treatments or approved drug therapies to completely reverse cachexia. Moreover, adequate nutritional interventions alone cannot significantly improve cachexia. Other approaches to ameliorate cachexia are urgently needed, and thus, the role of medicinal plants has received considerable importance in this respect due to their beneficial health properties. Increasing evidence indicates great potential of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals as an alternative and promising treatment strategy to reduce the symptoms of many diseases including cachexia. This article reviews the current status of cachexia, the molecular mechanisms of primary events driving cachexia, and state-of-the-art knowledge that reports the preventive and therapeutic activities of multiple families of phytochemical compounds and their pharmacological mode of action, which may hold promise as an alternative treatment modality for the management of cachexia. Based on our review of various in vitro and in vivo models of cachexia, we would conclude that phytochemicals may have therapeutic potential to attenuate cachexia, although clinical trials are required to unequivocally confirm this premise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudiyeh Hejri Zarifi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abbasi-Parizad P, Scarafoni A, Pilu R, Scaglia B, De Nisi P, Adani F. The recovery from agro-industrial wastes provides different profiles of anti-inflammatory polyphenols for tailored applications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.996562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and agro-industrial processing produce a great amount of side-stream and waste materials that are excellent sources of functional bioactive molecules such as phenolic compounds that recover them can be beneficial not only for food sustainability but also to human for many industrial applications such as flavor compounds and therapeutic applications such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. The treatments and extraction techniques have major effects on the recovery of bioactive compounds. Along with the conventional extraction methods, numerous innovative techniques have been evolved and have been optimized to facilitate bioactive extraction more efficiently and sustainably. In this work, we have summarized the state-of-the-art technological approaches concerning novel extraction methods applied for five most produced crops in Italy; Grape Pomace (GP), Tomato Pomace (TP), Olive Pomace (OP), Citrus Pomace (CP), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG), presenting the extraction yield and the main class of phenolic classes, with the focus on their biological activity as an anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo studies via describing their molecular mechanism of action.
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Banji OJ, Banji D, Makeen HA, Alqahtani SS, Alshahrani S. Neuroinflammation: The Role of Anthocyanins as Neuroprotectants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2156-2174. [PMID: 35043761 PMCID: PMC9886846 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119140835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a trigger for several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Exposure to noxious external stimuli induces homeostatic disturbances resulting in morphological changes in microglia, their activation, and elaboration of pro-inflammatory mediators. This leads to neuroinflammation with the progressive loss of neurons. Nutraceuticals such as anthocyanins are a class of brightly colored bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables with purported health benefits. They interfere with the activation of several signaling cascades that have a prominent role in preventing neuroinflammation. More importantly, anthocyanins can cross the blood-brain barrier and are safe. Hence, the current review focuses on the bioavailability of anthocyanins, clinical and in vitro evidence on their role in impeding the activation of transcription factors, modulating the immune milieu within the central nervous system, preventing the activation of microglia, and averting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia J.F. Banji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA; Tel: 966-557942761; E-mail:
| | - David Banji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
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Pemmari T, Hämäläinen M, Ryyti R, Peltola R, Moilanen E. Dried Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Alleviates the Inflammation and Adverse Metabolic Effects Caused by a High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911021. [PMID: 36232316 PMCID: PMC9569776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. It is often associated with co-morbidities such as type II diabetes, atherosclerotic diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The risk of these diseases can be lowered by relieving the systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity, even without noticeable weight loss. Bilberry is an anthocyanin-rich wild berry with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, a high-fat-diet-induced mouse model of obesity was used to investigate the effects of air-dried bilberry powder on weight gain, systemic inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism, and changes in the gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues. The bilberry supplementation was unable to modify the weight gain, but it prevented the increase in the hepatic injury marker ALT and many inflammatory factors like SAA, MCP1, and CXCL14 induced by the high-fat diet. The bilberry supplementation also partially prevented the increase in serum cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels. In conclusion, the bilberry supplementation alleviated the systemic and hepatic inflammation and retarded the development of unwanted changes in the lipid and glucose metabolism induced by the high-fat diet. Thus, the bilberry supplementation seemed to support to retain a healthier metabolic phenotype during developing obesity, and that effect might have been contributed to by bilberry anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toini Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Ryyti
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rainer Peltola
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Patel PK, Siddiqui SA, Kuča K, Sabhapondit S, Sarma R, Gogoi B, Singh SK, Bordoloi RK, Saikia JK, Gogoi RC, Bhardwaj K, Yang J, Tao Y, Manickam S, Das B. Physiological and biochemical evaluation of high anthocyanin pigmented tea (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) germplasm for purple tea production. Front Nutr 2022; 9:990529. [PMID: 36118770 PMCID: PMC9471081 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.990529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding promising purple tea germplasm that would target new tea products for diversification and value addition boost the tea industry’s economic growth. Accordingly, 10 tea germplasm viz. TRA St. 817, TRA St. 293, TRA St. 400, TRA 177/3, TRA 376/2, TRA 376/3, TRA 427/7, TRA P7, TRA P8, and TV1 were evaluated in terms of gas exchange parameters, multiplication performance, and biochemical markers such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin content, which are related to the purple tea quality. The investigated gas exchange and biochemical parameters revealed significant differences. Germplasm TRA St.817 was physiologically more efficient (24.7 μmol m–2 s–1), followed by TRA St. 293, exhibiting the highest net photosynthesis, water use efficiency (19.02 μmol mmol–1), carboxylation efficiency (0.73), chlorophyll fluorescence or photochemical efficiency of PSII (0.754) and mesophyll efficiency (ci/gs ratio: 2.54). Net photosynthesis was positively correlated with water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, mesophyll efficiency, and photochemical efficiency of PSII (r = 0.965**, 0.937**, 0.857**, 0.867**; P = 0.05), respectively, but negatively correlated with the transpiration ratio (r = −0.878**; P = 0.05) based on Pearson correlation analysis. The total anthocyanin content (4764.19 μg.g–1 fresh leaf weight) and carotenoid content (3.825 mg.g–1 fresh leaf weight) were highest in the TRA St.817 germplasm, followed by germplasm TRA St. 293 (2926.18 μg.g–1 FW). In contrast, total chlorophyll content was significantly low (1.779 mg.g–1 fresh weight), which is very suitable for manufacturing purple tea. The highest carotenoid concentration in TRA St. 817 was 3.825 mg.g–1 FW, followed by TRA P8 (3.475 mg.g–1 FW), favoring the formation of more volatile flavor constituents. The promising germplasm, TRA St 817, has a multiplication success rate of 91.4% through cleft grafting. The outcome reveals that TRA St.817 is a promising germplasm that can be used to make speciality teas, i.e., purple tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Patel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL eV), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kamil Kuča,
| | - Santanu Sabhapondit
- Department of Biochemistry, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Rupak Sarma
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Boby Gogoi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Bordoloi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Saikia
- Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Romen Chandra Gogoi
- Tea Testing Laboratory, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, India
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Sivakumar Manickam,
| | - Buddhadeb Das
- North Bengal Regional R&D Centre, Tea Research Association, Nagrakata, India
- Buddhadeb Das,
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Abstract
A method for quantifying the anthocyanins in grapes was firstly developed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOFMS) combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). A total of 10 main anthocyanins were analyzed by using peonidin 3-O-glucoside as the reference standard. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by an established and validated external standard quantification method with 10 reference compounds. The standard method difference (SMDs) of the quantification results between QAMS and the external standard methodwasless than 15%. Furthermore, the QAMS method was used to analyzefour batches of grapes and the data was compared with those obtained using the external standard method. No significant difference wasobtained in the results obtained by both methods. These results indicated that the QAMS method could accurately determine the anthocyanins in grapes. This method can provide a basis to address the absence of reference standards for analyzing anthocyanins in other foods.
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Hamdan DI, Salah S, Hassan WHB, Morsi M, Khalil HMA, Ahmed-Farid OAH, El-Shiekh RA, Nael MA, Elissawy AM. Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Morus macroura Miq. Plant Organs with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Profiling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16013-16027. [PMID: 35571826 PMCID: PMC9096986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Column chromatography afforded the isolation of seven secondary metabolites (1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy phenyl)-ethanone-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, rutin) from the ethyl acetate (ET) fractions of Morus macroura Miq. stems (S), leaves (L), and fruits (F). Their identification based on ultraviolet (UV), electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR data. In addition, profiling of ET fractions using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) resulted in the identification of 82 compounds belonging to different classes, mainly polyphenolic constituents. Chemical profiling as well as molecular docking directed us to biological evaluation. Interestingly, the ET-L fraction exhibited a robust cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HELA cell lines. Also, it displayed a neuromodulatory activity against cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats by ameliorating the neurobehavioral dysfunction visualized in the open field and Y-maze test and modulating the neurochemical parameters such as brain amino acid levels (glutamate, aspartate, serine, and histidine), oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and purinergic cell energy (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). In conclusion, the isolated compounds (kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside) from the ET-L fraction could serve as potent anticancer agents due to their strong antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ibrahim Hamdan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Menoufia
University, Shibin
Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Morsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Muhammed Ali Khalil
- Department
of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Riham Adel El-Shiekh
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr el Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Manal AbdElaziz Nael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elissawy
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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14
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Maity S, Wairkar S. Dietary polyphenols for management of rheumatoid arthritis: Pharmacotherapy and novel delivery systems. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2324-2341. [PMID: 35318759 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, complex, systemic autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation, swelling, and pain. It affects pulmonary and ocular physiology, gastrointestinal disturbance, skeletal disorders, and renal malfunctioning. Although conventional and biological drugs available to treat RA are potent and effective, they lead to life-threatening side effects and patient discomfort. Hence, alternative therapies are explored for their treatment which is safe, effective, and economical. Herbal drugs are widely used as an alternative therapy and some medicinal plants, especially dietary polyphenols proved their efficacy in treating RA. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants possessing several pharmacological actions. They exert anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-rheumatoid activity by modulating tumor necrosis factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Thus, polyphenols could be a promising option for the management of RA. Unfortunately, polyphenols suffer from poor bioavailability due to their physicochemical properties and incorporation into novel delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, micelles improved their oral bioavailability. This review article summarizes dietary polyphenols, their pharmacological actions and novel delivery systems for the treatment of RA. Nevertheless, the commercial translation of polyphenols could be only possible after establishing their safety profile and successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Maity
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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15
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Dwibedi V, Jain S, Singhal D, Mittal A, Rath SK, Saxena S. Inhibitory activities of grape bioactive compounds against enzymes linked with human diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1399-1417. [PMID: 35106636 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A quest for identification of novel, safe and efficient natural compounds, as additives in the modern food and cosmetic industries, has been prompted by concerns about toxicity and side effects of synthetic products. Plant phenolic compounds are one of the most documented natural products due to their multifarious biological applications. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is an important source of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, tannins, quinones, coumarins and, most importantly, flavonoids/flavones. This review crisply encapsulates enzyme inhibitory activities of various grape polyphenols towards different key human-ailment-associated enzymes: xanthine oxidase (gout), tyrosinase (hyperpigmentation), α-amylase and α-glucosidase (diabetes mellitus), pancreatic lipase (obesity), cholinesterase (Alzheimer's disease), angiotensin i-converting enzymes (hypertension), α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease) and histone deacetylase (various diseases). The review also depicts the enzyme inhibitory mechanism of various grape polyphenols and briefly discusses their stature as potential therapeutic and drug development candidates. KEY POINTS: • Nineteen major bioactive polyphenols from the grape/grape products and their disease targets are presented • Sixty-two important polyphenols as enzyme inhibitors from grape/grape products are presented • A thorough description and graphical presentation of biological significance of polyphenols against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147001, India
| | - Sahil Jain
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Divya Singhal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Anuradha Mittal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Danteswari College of Pharmacy, Borpadar, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, 494221, India.
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147001, India
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Phenolic Analysis and In Vitro Biological Activity of Red Wine, Pomace and Grape Seeds Oil Derived from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111704. [PMID: 34829574 PMCID: PMC8615145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is commonly considered a waste product of monovarietal red wine production. Methods: HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to determine the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of all the extracts obtained from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo red wine and grape skins whereas, GC-MS was applied to the determination of fatty acid composition in grape seeds oil. Biological characterization involves antioxidant and antimicrobial assays for all the extracts and seeds oil; Their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, α-amylase, α-tyrosinase, and ChE enzymes was also detected, together with anti-inflammatory activity on wine, grape skin extracts, and seeds oil by lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and LPS-stimulated macrophage release assays. Data indicate significative polyphenols content (199.31 ± 7.21 mgGAE/g), antioxidant (CUPRAC assay (1036.98 mgTE/g)), enzymatic inhibition (α-tyrosinase: 151.30 ± 1.20 mgKAE/g) and anti-inflammatory activities for wine-organic extract 2, while the antimicrobial activity of grape skin decoction is higher than those reported by wine extracts on three bacterial strains. Interestingly only dealcoholized wine and wine-aqueous extract exerts inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (20.62 ± 0.23 mmolACAE/g and 19.81 ± 0.03 mmolACAE/g, respectively), while seeds oil is rich in oleic and linoleic acids. These results confirm the strong antioxidant properties of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo grape pomace, suggesting the potential use of this waste product as functional food supplements in the human diet and in cosmeceutics.
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17
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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18
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El Gaamouch F, Liu K, Lin HY, Wu C, Wang J. Development of grape polyphenols as multi-targeting strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105046. [PMID: 33872681 PMCID: PMC8178246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging and is a major burden for patients, caregivers, and the overall health care system. The complexity of AD pathophysiology and the lack of deep understanding of disease mechanisms impeded the development of AD therapy. Currently approved treatments for AD only modestly improve cognitive function but do not modify disease course. The lack of pharmacological approaches has led to the consideration of alternative strategies to prevent or to slow down the progression of AD. There has been a growing interest in the scientific community regarding the impact of diet and nutrition on AD. Grape derived nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds have demonstrated anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties and present as potential novel strategies for AD treatment. In this review, we summarize promising grape derived polyphenols that have been shown to modulate AD pathophysiology including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation, AD-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Clark Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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Phenolic Compounds of Red Wine Aglianico del Vulture Modulate the Functional Activity of Macrophages via Inhibition of NF-κB and the Citrate Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5533793. [PMID: 34122722 PMCID: PMC8172326 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of red wine powder (RWP) extracted from the Italian red wine Aglianico del Vulture have been investigated for the potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity on human macrophages. These compounds reduce the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines and increase the release of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, RWP restores Annexin A1 levels, thus involving activation of proresolutive pathways. Noteworthy, RWP lowers NF-κB protein levels, promoter activity, and nuclear translocation. As a consequence of NF-κB inhibition, reduced promoter activities of SLC25A1—encoding the mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC)—and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) metabolic genes have been observed. CIC, ACLY, and citrate are components of the citrate pathway: in LPS-activated macrophages, the mitochondrial citrate is exported by CIC into the cytosol where it is cleaved by ACLY in oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, precursors for ROS, NO·, and PGE2 inflammatory mediators. We identify the citrate pathway as a RWP target in carrying out its anti-inflammatory activity since RWP reduces CIC and ACLY protein levels, ACLY enzymatic activity, the cytosolic citrate concentration, and in turn ROS, NO·, PGE2, and histone acetylation levels. Overall findings suggest that RWP potentially restores macrophage homeostasis by suppressing inflammatory pathways and activating proresolutive processes.
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20
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Behl T, Mehta K, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Ahmadi A, Arora S, Bungau S. Exploring the role of polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5372-5393. [PMID: 33998910 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1924613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disorder which is mainly characterized by inflammation in joints, bone erosions and cartilaginous destruction that leads to joint dysfunction, deformation, and/or permanent functional impairment. The prevalence of RA is increasing, incurring a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. The exact etiology of RA is unknown, with various pathways implicated in its pathophysiology. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including celecoxib, diclofenac and ibuprofen, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) including azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporine, biological agents including anakinra, infliximab, and rituximab and immunosuppressants are used for symptomatic relief in patients with RA, but these medications have severe adverse effects such as gastric ulcers, hypertension, hepatotoxicity and renal abnormalities which restrict their use in the treatment of RA; new RA treatments with minimal side-effects are urgently required. There is accumulating evidence that dietary polyphenols may show therapeutic efficacy in RA through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and immunosuppressant activities and modulation of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), IL-1β, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) pathways. While resveratrol, genistein, carnosol, epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol have also been studied for the treatment of RA, the majority of data are derived from animal models. Here, we review the various pathways involved in the development of RA and the preclinical and clinical data supporting polyphenols as potential therapeutic agents in RA patients. Our review highlights that high-quality clinical studies are required to decisively establish the anti-rheumatic efficacy of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Keshav Mehta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medial Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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21
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Bastin A, Sadeghi A, Nematollahi MH, Abolhassani M, Mohammadi A, Akbari H. The effects of malvidin on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced human THP-1 cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2790-2799. [PMID: 32914418 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Malvidin is an anthocyanin which is involved in inhibiting inflammatory-related mediators in inflammatory diseases; however, its mechanism of action in THP-1 cells is not yet known. THP-1 is a human monocytic cell line that is derived from patients with acute monocytic leukemia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of malvidin on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS (50 ng/ml) to induce inflammation in the presence or absence of malvidin. The anti/proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total protein levels/phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P65-NF-κB, and IKKα/IKKβ were evaluated by western blot analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total thiol (T-SH) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of malvidin in THP-1 cells. Treatment of LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells with malvidin (100 and 200 μM) led to the significant inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein levels as well as a significant increase in the IL-10 mRNA expression and protein secretion. Moreover, 200 μM malvidin treatment reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, IKKα/IKKβ, and P65-NF-κB. These findings showed that malvidin not only decreased the MDA and NO metabolite levels but also increased the FRAP and T-SH content as well as SOD and GPx activities. The findings of the present study demonstrated the potential role of malvidin in blocking inflammation and oxidative stress induced by LPS in THP-1 cell line, suggesting that malvidin is likely to be a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bastin
- Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Christman LM, Gu L. Efficacy and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in mitigating rheumatoid arthritis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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23
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Niknami E, Sajjadi SE, Talebi A, Minaiyan M. Protective Effect of Vitis vinifera (Black Grape) Seed Extract and Oil on Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 33042499 PMCID: PMC7518353 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_362_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitis vinifera (black grape) is cultivated worldwide and has numerous oral and therapeutic applications. It has proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black grape seed (hydroalcoholic) extract (BGSE) and black grape seed oil (BGSO) on experimental colitis. Methods BGSE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and BGSO (2, 4, and 8 mL/kg) were administered orally (p.o.) in groups of six male Wistar rats, 2 h before induction of colitis and continued further for 4 days. Prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and mesalamine (100 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs. Weight/length of colons, macroscopic and histopathologic indices, and biochemical parameters including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. Results All doses of BGSE and BGSO significantly decreased the colon weight, ulcer index, and total colitis index in comparison with the control group, although greater doses of both fractions had more significant protection. Data of MPO activity revealed that all treated groups with the exception of BGSE (50 mg/kg) and BGSO (2 mL/kg) showed a meaningful decline in comparison with the control group. Concerning the MDA values in colonic tissue, it was demonstrated that BGSE (100, 200 mg/kg) and BGSO (8 mL/kg) caused a significant dip in this oxidative stress parameter. Conclusions Oral administration of BGSE and BGSO had an appropriate anti-inflammatory effect and so could be considered as a suitable candidate for treating or preventing ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, detailed studies are warranted to explore the exact mechanism of action and clinical preference of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Niknami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lee SG, Brownmiller CR, Lee SO, Kang HW. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Anthocyanins of Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW-267.4 Macrophages. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041089. [PMID: 32326385 PMCID: PMC7230587 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) possesses various dietary compounds that improve human health. However, the functions of anthocyanins in red clover remain unclear. Here we examined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of red clover extract (RC) and red clover anthocyanins fraction (RCA) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages and identified dietary compounds. RC and RCA suppressed LPS-induced expression of genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)2. LPS-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production also was prevented by both RC and RCA. NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) gene and phosphorylation of p47phox of NOX1 that were increased by LPS were inhibited in the cells treated with RCA. LPS-stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) gene expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) subunit p65 were suppressed together with reduced iNOS and COX2 proteins by RCA. Additionally, 27 polyphenols and 7 anthocyanins from RC were identified and quantified. In conclusion, RC, especially RCA, exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in vitro by regulating NF-κB and NRF2 signaling pathways, suggesting that anthocyanins in red clover are the potential candidates to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Cindi R. Brownmiller
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (C.R.B.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; (C.R.B.); (S.-O.L.)
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-4858; Fax: +1-336-334-7239
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Bastin AR, Sadeghi A, Abolhassani M, Doustimotlagh AH, Mohammadi A. Malvidin prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1504-1514. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali R. Bastin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Amir H. Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterYasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineYasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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Driscoll K, Deshpande A, Datta R, Ramakrishna W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Northern Highbush Blueberry Extract on an In Vitro Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1178-1190. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1673449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Driscoll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Aparna Deshpande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Could Polyphenols Help in the Control of Rheumatoid Arthritis? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081589. [PMID: 31013659 PMCID: PMC6515230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, joint-invading, autoimmune inflammatory disease, which causes joint cartilage breakdown and bone damage, resulting in functional impairment and deformation of the joints. The percentage of RA patients has been rising and RA represents a substantial burden for patients around the world. Despite the development of many RA therapies, because of the side effects and low effectiveness of conventional drugs, patients still need and researchers are seeking new therapeutic alternatives. Polyphenols extracted from natural products are effective on several inflammatory diseases, including RA. In this review polyphenols are classified into four types: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes and others, among which mainly flavonoids are discussed. Researchers have reported that anti-RA efficacies of polyphenols are based mainly on three mechanisms: their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptotic properties. The main RA factors modified by polyphenols are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Polyphenols could be potent alternative RA therapies and sources for novel drugs for RA by affecting its key mechanisms.
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Jiang X, Li X, Zhu C, Sun J, Tian L, Chen W, Bai W. The target cells of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:921-946. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Muche BM, Speers RA, Rupasinghe HPV. Storage Temperature Impacts on Anthocyanins Degradation, Color Changes and Haze Development in Juice of "Merlot" and "Ruby" Grapes ( Vitis vinifera). Front Nutr 2018; 5:100. [PMID: 30410884 PMCID: PMC6209682 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the degradation kinetics of selected anthocyanins and the change in polymeric color, browning index, and haze development of grape juices from “Merlot” and “Ruby” grape cultivars stored at 5, 25, and 35°C for up to 360 days. Five major anthocyanins namely malvidin-3-O-glucoside (M3G), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (Pt3G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were identified. Juice from “Merlot” had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of all individual anthocyanins as compared to “Ruby.” During the long-term storage, total, and individual anthocyanins from both cultivars degraded following first-order reaction kinetics at the rate strongly dependent on temperature. At the end of the storage, noticeably higher loss of anthocyanins (95–99.9%) was observed at 25 and 35°C as compared to storage at 5°C [50–60% (“Merlot”); 74–81% (“Ruby”)]. Considerably lower rate of decay was observed at 5°C (k = 0.01–0.04) as compared to 25 (k = 0.04–0.14) and 35°C (k = 0.05–0.14) storage temperatures. The most temperature sensitive anthocyanin compounds were C3G (Ea = 66.5 kJ/mol) and D3G (Ea = 63.3 kJ/mol). At higher storage temperatures, significant (p < 0.05) and strong negative correlations were observed between anthocyanin concentrations and the levels of haze, polymeric and brown color development during storage. Storing grape juice, at lower temperature conditions could reduce the continuous loss of biologically active anthocyanins as well as the development of haze and brown color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizuayehu M Muche
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Faculty of Engineering, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - R Alex Speers
- Faculty of Engineering, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,International Centre of Brewing and Distilling, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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31
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Yin Y, Liu X, Liu J, Cai E, Zhu H, Li H, Zhang L, Li P, Zhao Y. Beta-sitosterol and its derivatives repress lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury by inhibiting the oxidation and inflammation in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1525-1533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Kelley DS, Adkins Y, Laugero KD. A Review of the Health Benefits of Cherries. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030368. [PMID: 29562604 PMCID: PMC5872786 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress contributes to development and progression of several human chronic inflammatory diseases. Cherries are a rich source of polyphenols and vitamin C which have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim is to summarize results from human studies regarding health benefits of both sweet and tart cherries, including products made from them (juice, powder, concentrate, capsules); all referred to as cherries here. We found 29 (tart 20, sweet 7, unspecified 2) published human studies which examined health benefits of consuming cherries. Most of these studies were less than 2 weeks of duration (range 5 h to 3 months) and served the equivalent of 45 to 270 cherries/day (anthocyanins 55–720 mg/day) in single or split doses. Two-thirds of these studies were randomized and placebo controlled. Consumption of cherries decreased markers for oxidative stress in 8/10 studies; inflammation in 11/16; exercise-induced muscle soreness and loss of strength in 8/9; blood pressure in 5/7; arthritis in 5/5, and improved sleep in 4/4. Cherries also decreased hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) in diabetic women, and VLDL and TG/HDL in obese participants. These results suggest that consumption of sweet or tart cherries can promote health by preventing or decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan S Kelley
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
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Fernández J, García L, Monte J, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Functional Anthocyanin-Rich Sausages Diminish Colorectal Cancer in an Animal Model and Reduce Pro-Inflammatory Bacteria in the Intestinal Microbiota. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E133. [PMID: 29494510 PMCID: PMC5867854 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common neoplasia in Europe, where it accounts for 28.2 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In an effort to decrease the incidence of this disease, various prevention measures are being studied, one of which are anthocyanin-rich foods. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidant flavonoids mainly found in flowers and colorful fruits and vegetables. These nutraceuticals have diverse biological functions once ingested, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antitumor functions. In order to test the preventive effect of these flavonoids against colorectal cancer, an animal model (Rattus norvegicus F344) was developed. In this model two doses of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) and two treatments with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) were administered to the animals. For 20 weeks they were fed either control rat feed, control sausages, or functional sausages containing 0.1% (w/w) of anthocyanins from a mixture of dehydrated blackberries and strawberries. At the end of that period, the animals were sacrificed and their antioxidant plasma levels and digestive tract tissues were analyzed. The results revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of colon tumors in the functional sausages cohort with respect to the control animals and an increase in the FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) total antioxidant activity in that same cohort. Colon microbiota differences were also examined via metagenomics 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, revealing a significant reduction in populations of the pro-inflammatory Bilophila wadsworthia. Therefore, the design of functional processed meat products, such as ones enriched with anthocyanins, may be an effective strategy for preventing inflammatory digestive diseases and colorectal cancer in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández
- Research Unit "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería, 7, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), C/Fernando Bongera, Edificio Santiago Gascón, 1, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), C/Aldea Cerdeño, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lorena García
- El Hórreo Healthy Foods SL, Polígono de Granda 17, 33199 Siero, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Monte
- El Hórreo Healthy Foods SL, Polígono de Granda 17, 33199 Siero, Spain.
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Unit "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería, 7, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), C/Fernando Bongera, Edificio Santiago Gascón, 1, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), C/Aldea Cerdeño, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Unit "Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC", Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería, 7, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), C/Fernando Bongera, Edificio Santiago Gascón, 1, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), C/Aldea Cerdeño, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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34
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Whole grape alleviates inflammatory arthritis through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Mariotti-Celis MS, Pérez-Correa JR. Polyphenols of Carménère Grapes. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2017; 14:176-186. [PMID: 28845147 PMCID: PMC5543587 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x14666170206151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carménère is the emblematic grape of Chile. Recent studies indicate that it has a different polyphenolic profile than other commercial varieties of grape among other factors, due to its long maturation period. The grape and wine of Carménère stand out for having high concentrations of anthocyanins (malvidin), flavonols (quercetin and myricetin) and flavanols (catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin). These compounds are related to the distinctive characteristic of Carménère wine regarding astringency and color. In vivo and in vitro models suggest some positive effects of these polyphenols in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Therefore, there is a high level of interest to develop scalable industrial methods in order to obtain and purify Carménère grape polyphenol extracts that could be used to improve the characteristics of wines from other varieties or produce nutraceuticals or functional foods for preventing and treating various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago7820436, Chile.,Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Avenida Ejército s/n, Moquegua 18001, Perú
| | - María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile and
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago7820436, Chile
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36
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Noratto GD, Chew BP, Atienza LM. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) intake decreases oxidative stress in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Food Chem 2017; 227:305-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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Hughes SD, Ketheesan N, Haleagrahara N. The therapeutic potential of plant flavonoids on rheumatoid arthritis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3601-3613. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1246413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Hughes
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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38
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Mateen S, Moin S, Zafar A, Khan AQ. Redox signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and the preventive role of polyphenols. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:4-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Del Bo' C, Roursgaard M, Porrini M, Loft S, Møller P, Riso P. Different effects of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) on monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells in a TNF-α stimulated proinflammatory environment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2355-2366. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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40
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Huang W, Zhu Y, Li C, Sui Z, Min W. Effect of Blueberry Anthocyanins Malvidin and Glycosides on the Antioxidant Properties in Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1591803. [PMID: 27034731 PMCID: PMC4789434 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1591803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to survey the antioxidant functional role of the main anthocyanins of blueberries in endothelial cells. Changes on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), xanthine oxidase-1 (XO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cells of malvidin and the two glycosides were investigated. The results showed that these anthocyanins decreased the levels of ROS and XO-1 but increased the levels of SOD and HO-1. Glycosides improved the antioxidant capacity of malvidin to a great extent. The changes in the antioxidant properties of malvidin-3-glucoside were more pronounced than malvidin-3-galactoside. Variation in levels of malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-galactoside had a significant impact on antioxidant properties to different extents. It indicates that blueberries are a good resource of anthocyanins, which can protect cells from oxidative deterioration and use blueberry as a potential functional food to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunming Zhu
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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41
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Rosillo MA, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C, Sánchez-Hidalgo M. An update on dietary phenolic compounds in the prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Food Funct 2016; 7:2943-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Certain nutritional components influence the cellular metabolism and interfere in the pathological inflammatory process, so that they may act as a coadjuvant in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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42
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Min HK, Kim SM, Baek SY, Woo JW, Park JS, Cho ML, Lee J, Kwok SK, Kim SW, Park SH. Anthocyanin Extracted from Black Soybean Seed Coats Prevents Autoimmune Arthritis by Suppressing the Development of Th17 Cells and Synthesis of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Such Cells, via Inhibition of NF-κB. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138201. [PMID: 26544846 PMCID: PMC4636296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anthocyanin is a plant antioxidant. We investigated the therapeutic effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybean seed coats (AEBS) in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and explored possible mechanisms by which AEBS might exert anti-arthritic effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice. Cytokine levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Joints were assessed in terms of arthritis incidence, clinical arthritis scores, and histological features. The extent of oxidative stress in affected joints was determined by measuring the levels of nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase. NF-κB activity was assayed by measuring the ratio of phosphorylated IκB to total IκB via Western blotting. Th17 cells were stained with antibodies against CD4, IL-17, and STAT3. Osteoclast formation was assessed via TRAP staining and measurement of osteoclast-specific mRNA levels. RESULTS In the CIA model, AEBS decreased the incidence of arthritis, histological inflammation, cartilage scores, and oxidative stress. AEBS reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in affected joints of CIA mice and suppressed NF-κB signaling. AEBS decreased Th17 cell numbers in spleen of CIA mice. Additionally, AEBS repressed differentiation of Th17 cells and expression of Th17-associated genes in vitro, in both splenocytes of naïve DBA/1J mice and human PBMCs. In vitro, the numbers of both human and mouse tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase+ (TRAP) multinucleated cells fell, in a dose-dependent manner, upon addition of AEBS. CONCLUSIONS The anti-arthritic effects of AEBS were associated with decreases in Th17 cell numbers, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines synthesized by such cells, mediated via suppression of NF-κB signaling. Additionally, AEBS suppressed osteoclastogenesis and reduced oxidative stress levels.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthocyanins/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/toxicity
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Seeds/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Glycine max/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ye Baek
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Woo
- Office of Clinical Development, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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43
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Silva S, Costa EM, Calhau C, Morais RM, Pintado ME. Anthocyanin extraction from plant tissues: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:3072-3083. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1087963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Grape polyphenols supplementation reduces muscle atrophy in a mouse model of chronic inflammation. Nutrition 2015; 31:1275-83. [PMID: 26333892 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyphenols (PP) have demonstrated beneficial effects on low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; however, little is known about their effect on highly inflamed muscle. The purposes of this study were (i) to evaluate muscle alteration induced by high-grade inflammation, and (ii) to test the effects of red grape PP supplementation on these alterations. METHODS We used a transgenic mice model (transforming growth factor [TGF] mice) to develop a high T cell-dependent inflammation and C57 BL/6 control (CTL) mice model. Skeletal muscles of TGF and CTL mice were investigated for inflammation, atrophy and oxidative stress markers. Isolated mitochondria from hindlimb muscles were used for respiration with pyruvate as substrate and oxidative damages were measured by Western blot. TGF mice were supplemented with a mixture of red grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 wk. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests. RESULTS TGF mice presented skeletal muscle inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alteration and muscle atrophy. Atrophy was associated with two distinct pathways: (i) one linked to inflammation, NF-κB activation and increased ubiquitin ligase expression, and (ii) one dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leading to damaged mitochondria accumulation and activation of caspase-9 and 3. Supplementation of TGF mice with a mixture of red grape polyphenols (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 wk improved mitochondrial function and highly decreased caspases activation, which allowed muscle atrophy mitigation. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that nutritional dosages of red grape polyphenols might be beneficial for reducing skeletal muscle atrophy, even in a high-grade inflammation environment.
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45
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Mena P, Domínguez-Perles R, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Villaño D. Flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and inflammation. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:745-58. [PMID: 25504851 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of inflammation constitutes a reactive response of the organism to tissue damage and is an important factor making part of a number of degenerative pathologies as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of them comprised in the metabolic syndrome. There is an increasing interest in plant products rich in flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins because of their potential beneficial effects observed in epidemiological studies against inflammatory-related diseases. Their anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by modulation of cell redox status and inhibition of signaling pathways as NF-κB activation. The effects depend on their concentrations in target tissues and hence the bioavailability pathways followed by each particular compound. In this sense, in vitro studies performed with parental compounds at doses exceeding to those found in vivo may be drawing erroneous conclusions about their real efficacy. Contradictory results have been observed in human intervention trials, which may be ascribed to the type of population studied, length of study, source of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin, and dose provided. Human studies are required to confirm the positive effects found in vitro and in animal models. Future research should be focused on the understanding of dose/flavonoid intake-response relationship with pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating proper biomarkers of intake. Long-term dietary interventions are necessary to observe effects on markers of late activation as well as the possible preventive effects of these compounds on long-term inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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47
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Gu L, Deng WS, Liu Y, Jiang CH, Sun LC, Sun XF, Xu Q, Zhou H. Ellagic acid protects Lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:341-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Joseph SV, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman BM. Berries: anti-inflammatory effects in humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3886-903. [PMID: 24512603 DOI: 10.1021/jf4044056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A sustained pro-inflammatory state is a major contributing factor in chronic disease development, progression, and complication, including the most commonly known diseases: cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and type 2 diabetes. Fruits, such as berries, contain polyphenol compounds purported to have anti-inflammatory activity in humans. Among the most notable polyphenols in berries are anthocyanins, responsible for their distinctive colors of red, blue, and purple. Berries have been studied widely for their antioxidant properties; however, preclinical data suggest important effects on inflammatory pathways. Correspondingly, the effects of berries, including extracts and purified anthocyanins, have been the subject of a number of human trials. This review aims to evaluate the current state of the human science on berry (products) as a source of dietary polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, to modulate inflammatory status. Identifying dietary strategies that manage the modern-day inflammatory burden has important implications for chronic disease risk reduction and informing dietary guidelines aimed at achieving and maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama V Joseph
- Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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49
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Smith AM, Dragunow M. The human side of microglia. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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