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Sánchez-Ceinos J, Hussain S, Khan AW, Zhang L, Almahmeed W, Pernow J, Cosentino F. Repressive H3K27me3 drives hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in human endothelium. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38580969 PMCID: PMC10998410 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone modifications play a critical role in chromatin remodelling and regulate gene expression in health and disease. Histone methyltransferases EZH1, EZH2, and demethylases UTX, JMJD3, and UTY catalyse trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). This study was designed to investigate whether H3K27me3 triggers hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in the endothelium. METHODS We studied human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose (HAEC) or isolated from individuals with diabetes (D-HAEC). RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-qPCR), and confocal microscopy were performed to investigate the role of H3K27me3. We determined superoxide anion (O2-) production by ESR spectroscopy, NF-κB binding activity, and monocyte adhesion. Silencing/overexpression and pharmacological inhibition of chromatin modifying enzymes were used to modulate H3K27me3 levels. Furthermore, isometric tension studies and immunohistochemistry were performed in aorta from wild-type and db/db mice. RESULTS Incubation of HAEC to high glucose showed that upregulation of EZH2 coupled to reduced demethylase UTX and JMJD3 was responsible for the increased H3K27me3. ChIP-qPCR revealed that repressive H3K27me3 binding to superoxide dismutase and transcription factor JunD promoters is involved in glucose-induced O2- generation. Indeed, loss of JunD transcriptional inhibition favours NOX4 expression. Furthermore, H3K27me3-driven oxidative stress increased NF-κB p65 activity and downstream inflammatory genes. Interestingly, EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 rescued these endothelial derangements by reducing H3K27me3. We also found that H3K27me3 epigenetic signature alters transcriptional programs in D-HAEC and aortas from db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 represents a key epigenetic driver of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Targeting EZH2 may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation and, hence, prevent vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Ceinos
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shafaat Hussain
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liang Zhang
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - John Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Salerno-Goncalves R, Chen H, Bafford AC, Izquierdo M, Hormazábal JC, Lagos R, Tettelin H, D'Mello A, Booth JS, Fasano A, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Salmonella Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334762. [PMID: 38533492 PMCID: PMC10963533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Interestingly, if not antibiotic-treated, upon the resolution of acute disease, 1%-5% of patients become asymptomatic chronic carriers. Chronically infected hosts are not only critical reservoirs of infection that transmit the disease to naive individuals but are also predisposed to developing gallbladder carcinoma. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the early interactions between gallbladder epithelial cells and S. Typhi remain largely unknown. Based on our previous studies showing that closely related S. Typhi strains elicit distinct innate immune responses, we hypothesized that host molecular pathways activated by S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients would differ. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel human organoid-derived polarized gallbladder monolayer model, and S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients. We found that S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients differentially regulate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and S6 transcription factors. These variations might be attributed to differential cytokine signaling, predominantly via TNF-α and IL-6 production and appear to be influenced by the duration the isolate was subjected to selective pressures in the gallbladder. These findings represent a significant leap in understanding the complexities behind chronic S. Typhi infections in the gallbladder and may uncover potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Hormazábal
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Lagos
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Kim H, Roh H, Kim SH, Lee K, Im M, Oh SJ. Effective protection of photoreceptors using an inflammation-responsive hydrogel to attenuate outer retinal degeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 38097595 PMCID: PMC10721838 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an outer retinal degenerative disease that can lead to photoreceptor cell death and profound vision loss. Although effective regulation of intraretinal inflammation can slow down the progression of the disease, an efficient anti-inflammatory treatment strategy is still lacking. This study reports the fabrication of a hyaluronic acid-based inflammation-responsive hydrogel (IRH) and its epigenetic regulation effects on retinal degeneration. The injectable IRH was designed to respond to cathepsin overexpression in an inflammatory environment. The epigenetic drug, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors, was loaded into the hydrogel to attenuate inflammatory factors. On-demand anti-inflammatory effects of microglia cells via the drug-loaded IRH were verified in vitro and in vivo retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice model. Therefore, our IRH not only reduced intraretinal inflammation but also protected photoreceptors morphologically and functionally. Our results suggest the IRH reported here can be used to considerably delay vision loss caused by RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Roh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Maesoon Im
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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Li Y, Li YJ, Zhu ZQ. To re-examine the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of pyroptosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1284214. [PMID: 38020781 PMCID: PMC10665880 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1284214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and motor neuron disease, are diseases characterized by neuronal damage and dysfunction. NDs are considered to be a multifactorial disease with diverse etiologies (immune, inflammatory, aging, genetic, etc.) and complex pathophysiological processes. Previous studies have found that neuroinflammation and typical microglial activation are important mechanisms of NDs, leading to neurological dysfunction and disease progression. Pyroptosis is a new mode involved in this process. As a form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis is characterized by the expansion of cells until the cell membrane bursts, resulting in the release of cell contents that activates a strong inflammatory response that promotes NDs by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and abnormal microglial activation. In this case, abnormally activated microglia release various pro-inflammatory factors, leading to the occurrence of neuroinflammation and exacerbating both microglial and neuronal pyroptosis, thus forming a vicious cycle. The recognition of the association between pyroptosis and microglia activation, as well as neuroinflammation, is of significant importance in understanding the pathogenesis of NDs and providing new targets and strategies for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- College of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhao-Qiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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5
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Mukherjee S, Tarale P, Sarkar DK. Neuroimmune Interactions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Intervention Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2323. [PMID: 37759545 PMCID: PMC10528917 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of abnormalities caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol and are characterized by developmental defects in the brain that lead to various overt and non-overt physiological abnormalities. Growing evidence suggests that in utero alcohol exposure induces functional and structural abnormalities in gliogenesis and neuron-glia interactions, suggesting a possible role of glial cell pathologies in the development of FASD. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions that lead to the development of FASD are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss glial cell pathologies with a particular emphasis on microglia, primary resident immune cells in the brain. Additionally, we examine the involvement of several neuroimmune molecules released by glial cells, their signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for FASD-related alteration in brain functions. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication between cells via transporting bioactive cargo from one cell to the other. This review emphasizes the role of EVs in the context of neuron-glia interactions during prenatal alcohol exposure. Finally, some potential applications involving nutritional, pharmacological, cell-based, and exosome-based therapies in the treatment of FASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
- Hormone Laboratory Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Prashant Tarale
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Dipak K. Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
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Zhu S, Tao M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li Q, Li Q, Lu Y, Si Y, Cao S, Ye J. H3K27me3 of Rnf19a promotes neuroinflammatory response during Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:168. [PMID: 37480121 PMCID: PMC10362728 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is an important epigenetic modification that affects various biological processes, including the inflammatory response. In this study, we found that infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) leads to an increase in H3K27me3 in BV2 microglial cell line, primary mouse microglia and mouse brain. Inhibition of H3K27me3 modification through EZH2 knockdown and treatment with EZH2 inhibitor significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during JEV infection, which suggests that H3K27me3 modification plays a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory response caused by JEV infection. The chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-sequencing) assay revealed an increase in H3K27me3 modification of E3 ubiquitin ligases Rnf19a following JEV infection, which leads to downregulation of Rnf19a expression. Furthermore, the results showed that Rnf19a negatively regulates the neuroinflammatory response induced by JEV. This is achieved through the degradation of RIG-I by mediating its ubiquitination. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which JEV triggers extensive neuroinflammation from an epigenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zikai Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanbo Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Mannino D, Scuderi SA, Casili G, Bova V, Cucinotta L, Lanza M, Filippone A, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Neuroprotective effects of GSK-343 in an in vivo model of MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:155. [PMID: 37391829 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, which causes disabling motor disorders. Scientific findings support the role of epigenetics mechanism in the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In this field, some studies highlighted an upregulation of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the brains of PD patients, indicating the possible pathogenic role of this methyltransferase in PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GSK-343, an EZH2 inhibitor, in an in vivo model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic degeneration. Specifically, nigrostriatal degeneration was induced by MPTP intraperitoneal injection. GSK-343 was administered intraperitoneally daily at doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, mice were killed 7 days after MPTP injection. Our results demonstrated that GSK-343 treatment significantly improved behavioral deficits and reduced the alteration of PD hallmarks. Furthermore, GSK-343 administration significantly attenuated the neuroinflammatory state through the modulation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB/IκBα pathway as well as the cytokines expression and glia activation, also reducing the apoptosis process. In conclusion, the obtained results provide further evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a pathogenic role in PD demonstrating that the inhibition of EZH2, mediated by GSK-343, could be considered a valuable pharmacological strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Gorini F, Miceli M, de Antonellis P, Amente S, Zollo M, Ferrucci V. Epigenetics and immune cells in medulloblastoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1135404. [PMID: 36968588 PMCID: PMC10036437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1135404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood tumor of the cerebellum. Transcriptional and epigenetic signatures have classified MB into four molecular subgroups, further stratified into biologically different subtypes with distinct somatic copy-number aberrations, driver genes, epigenetic alterations, activated pathways, and clinical outcomes. The brain tumor microenvironment (BTME) is of importance to regulate a complex network of cells, including immune cells, involved in cancer progression in brain malignancies. MB was considered with a “cold” immunophenotype due to the low influx of immune cells across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recently, this assumption has been reconsidered because of the identification of infiltrating immune cells showing immunosuppressive phenotypes in the BTME of MB tumors. Here, we are providing a comprehensive overview of the current status of epigenetics alterations occurring during cancer progression with a description of the genomic landscape of MB by focusing on immune cells within the BTME. We further describe how new immunotherapeutic approaches could influence concurring epigenetic mechanisms of the immunosuppressive cells in BTME. In conclusion, the modulation of these molecular genetic complexes in BTME during cancer progression might enhance the therapeutic benefit, thus firing new weapons to fight MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, ‘AOU Federico II Policlinico, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Ferrucci,
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Jiang W, Zhang LX, Tan XY, Yu P, Dong M. Inflammation and histone modification in chronic pain. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1087648. [PMID: 36713369 PMCID: PMC9880030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms have great potential in the field of pain. The changes and roles of epigenetics of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in the chronic pain process may provide broad insights for future pain management. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by microglia and astrocytes, as well as blood-derived macrophages, play critical roles in inducing and maintaining chronic pain, while histone modifications may play an important role in inflammatory metabolism. This review provides an overview of neuroinflammation and chronic pain, and we systematically discuss the regulation of neuroinflammation and histone modifications in the context of chronic pain. Specifically, we analyzed the role of epigenetics in alleviating or exacerbating chronic pain by modulating microglia, astrocytes, and the proinflammatory mediators they release. This review aimed to contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Xi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Peng Yu, ; Ming Dong,
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Peng Yu, ; Ming Dong,
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CircEXOC5 facilitates cell pyroptosis via epigenetic suppression of Nrf2 in septic acute lung injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:743-754. [PMID: 36074295 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is characterized by a destructive high inflammatory response in lungs, which is the ultimate cause of high mortality to patients diagnosed with sepsis. The objective of the present study is to explore the effect and related mechanisms of circEXOC5 on pyroptosis in septic ALI. Sepsis ALI mouse model was induced and established by CLP induction and sepsis MPVEC cell model by LPS. HE staining was used to detect lung tissue pathological changes. ELISA, flow cytometry, and Western blot were utilized to evaluate the release of inflammatory cytokines and cell pyroptosis, and RIP was applied to verify the binding relationship between EZH2 and circEXOC5 or Nrf2. Finally, the interaction between CircEXOC5 and EZH2, H3k27me3, and Nrf2 promoter regions was clarified using ChIP. CircEXOC5 levels were notably ascended in the lung tissues of septic ALI mice. And silencing circEXOC5 inhibited cell pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines in MPVEC stimulated by LPS. In addition, RIP and ChIP indicated that Nrf2 expression in MPVECs cells could be inhibited by circEXOC5 via recruiting EZH2. In addition, ML385 (a specific inhibitor of Nrf2) reversed the efficacy of Knockdown of circEXOC5 on the Inhibition of pyroptosis and inflammation of MPVEC cells stimulated by LPS. These results indicated that CircEXOC5 could promote cell pyroptosis through epigenetic inhibition of Nrf2 in septic ALI.
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11
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Komada M, Nishimura Y. Epigenetics and Neuroinflammation Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Microglial Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852752. [PMID: 35646933 PMCID: PMC9133693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cerebral palsy. Converging lines of evidence from basic and clinical sciences suggest that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and miRNA expression, is associated with neuroinflammation. Genetic and environmental factors can affect the interaction between epigenetics and neuroinflammation, which may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. In this minireview, we focus on neuroinflammation that might be mediated by epigenetic dysregulation in microglia, and compare studies using mammals and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Komada
- Mammalian Embryology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuhei Nishimura,
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12
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Gao X, Ge J, Zhou W, Xu L, Geng D. IL-10 inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteolysis through MEG3/IRF8 pathway. Cell Signal 2022; 95:110353. [PMID: 35525407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteolysis caused by wear particles is the main reason for joint replacement failure. Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation relieves wear particle-induced osteolysis. Our study aimed to explore the effect of lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) on osteoclast differentiation and wear particle-induced osteolysis, and to improve the potential mechanism of interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibition on osteoclast differentiation. METHODS Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) -induced osteolysis mice model and receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclast differentiation model were constructed. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical staining, bone resorption assay, dual-luciferase assay, RNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were executed. RESULTS MEG3 levels were increased and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) levels were decreased in PMMA-induced osteolysis mice. IL-10 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, promoted MEG3 methylation, and inhibited MEG3 expression. Moreover, knockdown of MEG3 inhibited osteoclast differentiation and increased IRF8 levels. Meanwhile, MEG3 combined with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT1 combined with IRF8, and overexpression of MEG3 inhibited STAT1 binding to IRF8. Further studies have shown that knockdown of MEG3 inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alleviated osteolysis, but knockdown of IRF8 weakened these results. CONCLUSION MEG3 regulated the expression of IRF8 by binding to STAT1, thereby affecting osteoclast differentiation and wear particle-induced osteolysis. IL-10 might inhibit osteoclast differentiation by MEG3/IRF8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuren Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Jian Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Wangchen Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Sheehy RN, Quintanilla LJ, Song J. Epigenetic regulation in the neurogenic niche of the adult dentate gyrus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136343. [PMID: 34774980 PMCID: PMC8691367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation is a specialized region of the brain that creates new adult-born neurons from a pool of resident adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) throughout life. These aNSPCs undergo epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation, including 3D genome interactions, histone modifications, DNA modifications, noncoding RNA mechanisms, and RNA modifications, to precisely control the neurogenic process. Furthermore, the specialized neurogenic niche also uses epigenetic mechanisms in mature neurons and glial cells to communicate signals to direct the behavior of the aNSPCs. Here, we review recent advances of epigenetic regulation in aNSPCs and their surrounding niche cells within the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Sheehy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Pharmacology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luis J. Quintanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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EZH2 Might Affect Macrophage Chemotaxis and Anti-Inflammatory Factors by Regulating CCL2 in Dental Pulp Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3060480. [PMID: 34899918 PMCID: PMC8654562 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the effects of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) on regulation of macrophage migration and expression of anti-inflammatory genes in pulpitis. Methods Dental pulp inflammation was verified by histology in rat pulpitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect changes of the expression of EZH2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in dental pulp inflammation. The expression of EZH2, CCL2, and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68: macrophage surface marker) was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The effect of EZH2 on microphage migration was assessed by cell migration assay. The expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukins (IL-4 and IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in HDPCs which were treated by EZH2 complex, CCL2 complex, and CCL2 antibody were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Results The expression of TNF-α gradually increased in dental pulp inflammation. The expression of EZH2 in dental pulp decreased in 8 hours after LPS stimulation. However, the expression of EZH2 gradually increased in dental pulp after 1 day stimulation by LPS. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the expressions of EZH2, CCL2, and CD68 were significantly upregulated in dental pulp inflammation of rats. EZH2 could enhance macrophage migration. And the chemotactic activity of macrophages exposed to supernatants of EZH2-treated HDPCs could be inhibited by CCL2 inhibition. In addition, EZH2 suppressed the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, but CCL2 inhibition reversed the downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors, including IL-4 and TGF-β in HDPCs. Conclusions EZH2 might affect chemotaxis of macrophages and the expression of anti-inflammatory factors by regulating CCL2. EZH2 plays an important role in the development of dental pulp inflammation, and it might be as a target for treatment of pulpitis.
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15
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Qiu M, Xu E, Zhan L. Epigenetic Regulations of Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:697416. [PMID: 34707480 PMCID: PMC8542724 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.697416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Microglia/macrophages (MMs)-mediated neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the pathological process of ischemic brain injury. Microglia, serving as resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo pro-inflammatory phenotype or anti-inflammatory phenotype in response to the microenvironmental changes after cerebral ischemia. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetics modifications, reversible modifications of the phenotype without changing the DNA sequence, could play a pivotal role in regulation of MM polarization. However, the knowledge of the mechanism of epigenetic regulations of MM polarization after cerebral ischemia is still limited. In this review, we present the recent advances in the mechanisms of epigenetics involved in regulating MM polarization, including histone modification, non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation. In addition, we discuss the potential of epigenetic-mediated MM polarization as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. It is valuable to identify the underlying mechanisms between epigenetics and MM polarization, which may provide a promising treatment strategy for neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Qiu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Coleman LG, Crews FT, Vetreno RP. The persistent impact of adolescent binge alcohol on adult brain structural, cellular, and behavioral pathology: A role for the neuroimmune system and epigenetics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:1-44. [PMID: 34696871 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical neurodevelopmental window for maturation of brain structure, neurocircuitry, and glia. This development is sculpted by an individual's unique experiences and genetic background to establish adult level cognitive function and behavioral makeup. Alcohol abuse during adolescence is associated with an increased lifetime risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Adolescents participate in heavy, episodic binge drinking that causes persistent changes in neurocircuitry and behavior. These changes may underlie the increased risk for AUD and might also promote cognitive deficits later in life. In this chapter, we have examined research on the persistent effects of adolescent binge-drinking both in humans and in rodent models. These studies implicate roles for neuroimmune signaling as well as epigenetic reprogramming of neurons and glia, which create a vulnerable neuroenvironment. Some of these changes are reversible, giving hope for future treatments to prevent many of the long-term consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Torres-Perez JV, Irfan J, Febrianto MR, Di Giovanni S, Nagy I. Histone post-translational modifications as potential therapeutic targets for pain management. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:897-911. [PMID: 34565578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective pharmacological management of pain associated with tissue pathology is an unmet medical need. Transcriptional modifications in nociceptive pathways are pivotal for the development and the maintenance of pain associated with tissue damage. Accumulating evidence has shown the importance of the epigenetic control of transcription in nociceptive pathways via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Hence, histone PTMs could be targets for novel effective analgesics. Here, we discuss the current understanding of histone PTMs in the modulation of gene expression affecting nociception and pain phenotypes following tissue injury. We also provide a critical view of the translational implications of preclinical models and discuss opportunities and challenges of targeting histone PTMs to relieve pain in clinically relevant tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Torres-Perez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jahanzaib Irfan
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK
| | - Muhammad Rizki Febrianto
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, E505, Burlington Danes, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9FJ, UK.
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18
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Luo Y, Fang Y, Kang R, Lenahan C, Gamdzyk M, Zhang Z, Okada T, Tang J, Chen S, Zhang JH. Inhibition of EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) Attenuates Neuroinflammation via H3k27me3/SOCS3/TRAF6/NF-κB (Trimethylation of Histone 3 Lysine 27/Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family 6/Nuclear Factor-κB) in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2020; 51:3320-3331. [PMID: 32933418 PMCID: PMC7725431 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation has been proven to play an important role in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2)-mediated H3K27Me3 (trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27) has been recognized to play a critical role in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, there is still a lack of evidence to address the effect of EZH2 on the immune response of SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in SAH-induced neuroinflammation and explore the effect of EZH2 inhibition with its specific inhibitor EPZ6438. METHODS The endovascular perforation method was performed on rats to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage. EPZ6438, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour after SAH. SOCS3 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) siRNA and H3K27me3 CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 hours before SAH to explore potential mechanisms. The SAH grade, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral tests, immunofluorescence staining, and western blots were performed after SAH. RESULTS The expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 peaked at 24 hours after SAH. In addition, inhibition of EZH2 with EPZ6438 significantly improved neurological deficits both in short-term and long-term outcome studies. Moreover, EPZ6438 treatment significantly decreased the levels of EZH2, H3K27Me3, pathway-related proteins TRAF6 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor family 6), NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) p65, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL (interleukin)-6, IL-1β, but increased the expression levels of SOCS3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, administration of SOCS3 siRNA and H3k27me3-activating CRISPR partly abolished the neuroprotective effect of EPZ6438, which indicated that the neuroprotective effect of EPZ6438 acted, at least partly, through activation of SOCS3. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ6438 attenuated neuroinflammation via H3K27me3/SOCS3/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway after SAH in rats. By targeting EZH2, this study may provide an innovative method to ameliorate early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruiqing Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Cai LJ, Tu L, Huang XM, Huang J, Qiu N, Xie GH, Liao JX, Du W, Zhang YY, Tian JY. LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates inflammasome activation via epigenetic suppression of Nrf2 in Parkinson's disease. Mol Brain 2020; 13:130. [PMID: 32972446 PMCID: PMC7513532 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1) promotes inflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to induce PD development in C57BL/6 mice, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was analysed by immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot and qPCR analyses were conducted to assess the expression of protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide/adenosine triphosphate (LPS/ATP) was used to activate microglia in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation chip (RIP) assays were performed to investigate the interaction among specific molecules. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability and proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse cell apoptosis after staining. The dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used to measure the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. The results showed that MALAT1 was highly expressed in the brains of MPTP-induced PD model mice and in LPS/ATP-induced microglia cells. Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited elevated nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (NRF2) expression, thereby inhibiting inflammasome activation and ROS production. MALAT1 was shown to promote neuroinflammation by recruiting enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) to the promoter of NRF2, suppressing Nrf2 expression. In summary, MALAT1 epigenetically inhibits NRF2, thereby inducing inflammasome activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in PD mouse and microglial cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cai
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Li Tu
- Department of General Medical, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xiong Liao
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yue Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yong Tian
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, P.R. China.
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Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Kavanagh E, Engskog-Vlachos P, Engskog MK, Herrera AJ, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Joseph B, Hajji N, Venero JL, Burguillos MA. Microglia: Agents of the CNS Pro-Inflammatory Response. Cells 2020; 9:E1717. [PMID: 32709045 PMCID: PMC7407646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory immune response driven by microglia is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Though the research of microglia spans over a century, the last two decades have increased our understanding exponentially. Here, we discuss the phenotypic transformation from homeostatic microglia towards reactive microglia, initiated by specific ligand binding to pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) or triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), as well as pro-inflammatory signaling pathways triggered such as the caspase-mediated immune response. Additionally, new research disciplines such as epigenetics and immunometabolism have provided us with a more holistic view of how changes in DNA methylation, microRNAs, and the metabolome may influence the pro-inflammatory response. This review aimed to discuss our current knowledge of pro-inflammatory microglia from different angles, including recent research highlights such as the role of exosomes in spreading neuroinflammation and emerging techniques in microglia research including positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and the use of human microglia generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Finally, we also discuss current thoughts on the impact of pro-inflammatory microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pinelopi Engskog-Vlachos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.E.-V.); (B.J.)
| | - Mikael K.R. Engskog
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Espinosa-Oliva
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.E.-V.); (B.J.)
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Division of Brain Sciences, The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK;
| | - José L. Venero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Burguillos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
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Wang W, Qin X, Wang R, Xu J, Wu H, Khalid A, Jiang H, Liu D, Pan F. EZH2 is involved in vulnerability to neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors induced by chronic stress in different aged mice. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:452-464. [PMID: 32553389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression is closely related to pathogenesis of depression. Aging is a known risk factor for neuroinflammation in the central nervous system and subsequent behavioral impairment. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a methyltransferase of histone H3 lysine 27 which regulates microglial activation, plays a crucial role in proinflammatory cytokines expression. However, whether the EZH2 is involved in susceptibility to depression in different ages remains elusive. METHODS Young and aged C57BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for three weeks. Depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, spatial memory impairment, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, P-p65, EZH2, H3K27me3 and SOCS3 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were measured using an established behavioral battery, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. Moreover, EPZ-6438, an inhibitor of EZH2, was utilized to detect the role of EZH2 in neuroinflammation and behavioral abnormalities. RESULTS CUMS induced depression-like behaviors and spatial memory impairment, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and P-p65, enhanced M1 microglia activation, and increased levels of EZH2, H3K27me3 and SOCS3 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in young and aged mice. Both unstressed and stressed aged mice displayed attention-deficit behavioral outcomes, alteration of protein levels compared with young mice. However, inhibition of EZH2 could relieve most of behavioral and molecular alterations. LIMITATIONS A relative small sample size is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS EZH2 might be involved in susceptibility to neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors in different aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huiran Wu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Arslan Khalid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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22
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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23
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Meng XL, Fu P, Wang L, Yang X, Hong G, Zhao X, Lao J. Increased EZH2 Levels in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Microglia Aggravate Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Autophagy Following Brachial Plexus Avulsion in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:793-805. [PMID: 32346844 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After brachial plexus avulsion (BPA), microglia induce inflammation, initiating and maintaining neuropathic pain. EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) has been implicated in inflammation and neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms by which it regulates neuropathic pain remain unclear. Here, we found that EZH2 levels were markedly upregulated during BPA-induced neuropathic pain in vivo and in vitro, stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) secretion in vivo. In rats with BPA-induced neuropathic pain, mechanical and cold hypersensitivities were induced by EZH2 upregulation and inhibited by EZH2 downregulation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Microglial autophagy was also significantly inhibited, with EZH2 inhibition activating autophagy and reducing neuroinflammation in vivo. However, this effect was impaired by inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine, suggesting that the MTOR signaling pathway is a functional target of EZH2. These data suggest that EZH2 regulates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain via a novel MTOR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway, providing a promising approach for managing neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lei Meng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guanghui Hong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Stazi G, Taglieri L, Nicolai A, Romanelli A, Fioravanti R, Morrone S, Sabatino M, Ragno R, Taurone S, Nebbioso M, Carletti R, Artico M, Valente S, Scarpa S, Mai A. Dissecting the role of novel EZH2 inhibitors in primary glioblastoma cell cultures: effects on proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and on the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:173. [PMID: 31791385 PMCID: PMC6889222 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. After surgical resection of the tumor, the patient typically should be subjected to chemotherapy (temozolomide, TMZ) and concomitant radiotherapy. Since the TMZ treatment does not lead to complete remission and often develops resistance, the identification of efficacious therapeutics is strongly to pursue. Among the epigenetic players, the H3K27 methyltransferase (MT) EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue 2) has been found overexpressed or mutated in several human cancers including gliomas, and its overexpression is associated with poor outcome in GBM. Two EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2i), UNC1999 and GSK343, suppressed GBM growth in vitro and in vivo indicating that EZH2i can be potential drugs against GBM. RESULTS Two new EZH2i, MC4040 and MC4041, were designed, prepared, and tested by us to determine their effects in primary GBM cell cultures. MC4040 and MC4041 displayed single-digit micromolar inhibition of EZH2, 10-fold less potency against EZH1, and no activity towards other MTs. In primary GBM cells as well as in U-87 GBM cells, the two compounds reduced H3K27me3 levels, and dose- and time-dependently impaired GBM cell viability without inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, with increased p21 and p27 levels. In combination with TMZ, MC4040 and MC4041 displayed stronger, but not additive, effects on cell viability. The potent clinical candidate as EZH2i tazemetostat, alone or in combination with TMZ, exhibited a similar potency of inhibition of GBM cell growth when compared to MC4040 and MC4041. At the molecular level, MC4040 and MC4041 reduced the VEGFR1/VEGF expression, reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and hampered cell migration and invasion attenuating the cancer malignant phenotype. Treatment of GBM cells with MC4040 and MC4041 also impaired the GBM pro-inflammatory phenotype, with a significant decrease of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, joined to an increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CONCLUSIONS The two novel EZH2i MC4040 and MC4041 impaired primary GBM cell viability, showing even stronger effects in combination with TMZ. They also weakened the aggressive malignant phenotype by reducing angiogenesis, EMT, cell migration/invasion and inflammation, thus they may be considered potential candidates against GBM also for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Stazi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Taglieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l, 00125 Roma, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiologic, Oncological, and Anatomical and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Lou X, Zhu H, Ning L, Li C, Li S, Du H, Zhou X, Xu G. EZH2 Regulates Intestinal Inflammation and Necroptosis Through the JNK Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3518-3527. [PMID: 31273598 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disorder of chronic intestinal inflammation that can be caused by the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis. AIM We aimed to evaluate the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the inflammatory response and explore the association between EZH2 and necroptosis in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. METHODS In both in vitro and in vivo models, expression of EZH2 in intestinal tissues was verified by histology. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in cell lines treated with EZH2 siRNA with or without stimulus was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. An intestinal necroptosis cell model was established to elucidate whether EZH2 is involved in necroptosis. RESULTS Our present data indicated that EZH2 expression was decreased in in vitro and in vivo models and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. EZH2 downregulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-17, CCL5, and CCL20 in a Caco-2 cell model. The JNK pathway was activated with the reduction of EZH2. In the necroptosis model, downregulation of EZH2 was detected with the upregulation of necroptotic markers RIP1 and RIP3. In addition, EZH2 knockdown with siRNA increased p-JNK and p-c-Jun. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that EZH2 plays an important role in the development of intestinal inflammation and necroptosis. Hence, EZH2 could be a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Huatuo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Longgui Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haojie Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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26
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Li D, Wang HL, Huang X, Gu X, Xue W, Xu Y. Identification and Functional Characterization of a New Splicing Variant of EZH2 in the Central Nervous System. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:69-80. [PMID: 30662348 PMCID: PMC6329929 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 plays vital roles in epigenetic regulation, neuronal development and cancer progression. Here a novel EZH2 variant, namely EZH2-X9 (X9 for short) resulting from alternative splicing, was isolated, identified and functionally characterized. X9 was highly expressed in the brains of SD rats, indicating a potentially distinguished role in the central nervous system (CNS). Owing to a transcript profiling, X9 was enriched in multiple brain regions at very early stage of life. Immunostaining validated the presence of the protein form of X9, which was localized similarly with the wild-type form, EZH2-WT. To investigate the functional consequence of X9, genetic intervention was performed in PC-12 cell line, a classic cellular model for neuronal development. It revealed that the depletion of either variant was sufficient to impair neuronal proliferation and differentiation significantly, an evidence that roles of X9 could not be complemented by EZH2-WT. Considering epigenetic regulation, X9 lost the capability to recruit the histone mark H3K27me3, but retained the cooperation with EED, as well as the repressive aspects in governing gene expression. Nonetheless, through profiling the genes affected, it's discovered that EZH2-WT and X9 markedly differed in their regulatory targets, as X9 intended to repress cell cycle- and autophagy-related genes, like GSK and MapILC3. Overall, a novel Ezh2 variant was characterized in the mammal CNS, providing insight with the structural and functional delineation of this key developmental switch, Ezh2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiyao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Weizhen Xue
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 of Tunxi Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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27
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Cheray M, Joseph B. Epigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:243. [PMID: 30123114 PMCID: PMC6085560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system, fulfill multiple functions in the brain throughout life. These microglial functions range from participation in innate and adaptive immune responses, involvement in the development of the brain and its homeostasis maintenance, to contribution to degenerative, traumatic, and proliferative diseases; and take place in the developing, the aging, the healthy, or the diseased brain. Thus, an impressive level of cellular plasticity, appears as a requirement for the pleiotropic biological functions of microglia. Epigenetic changes, including histone modifications or DNA methylation as well as microRNA expression, are important modifiers of gene expression, and have been involved in cell phenotype regulation and reprogramming and are therefore part of the mechanisms regulating cellular plasticity. Here, we review and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms, which are emerging as contributors to this microglial cellular plasticity and thereby can constitute interesting targets to modulate microglia associated brain diseases, including developmental diseases, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cheray
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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28
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Penas C, Navarro X. Epigenetic Modifications Associated to Neuroinflammation and Neuropathic Pain After Neural Trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:158. [PMID: 29930500 PMCID: PMC5999732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations lie behind the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is usually a chronic condition caused by a lesion, or pathological change, within the nervous system. Neuropathic pain appears frequently after nerve and spinal cord injuries or diseases, producing a debilitation of the patient and a decrease of the quality of life. At the cellular level, neuropathic pain is the result of neuronal plasticity shaped by an increase in the sensitivity and excitability of sensory neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. One of the mechanisms thought to contribute to hyperexcitability and therefore to the ontogeny of neuropathic pain is the altered expression, trafficking, and functioning of receptors and ion channels expressed by primary sensory neurons. Besides, neuronal and glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, together with blood borne macrophages, play a critical role in the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain by releasing powerful neuromodulators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which enhance neuronal excitability. Altered gene expression of neuronal receptors, ion channels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, have been associated to epigenetic adaptations of the injured tissue. Within this review, we discuss the involvement of these epigenetic changes, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and alteration of chromatin modifiers, that have been shown to trigger modification of nociception after neural lesions. In particular, the function on these processes of EZH2, JMJD3, MeCP2, several histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs), G9a, DNMT, REST and diverse non-coding RNAs, are described. Despite the effort on developing new therapies, current treatments have only produced limited relief of this pain in a portion of patients. Thus, the present review aims to contribute to find novel targets for chronic neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Das A, Yang CS, Arifuzzaman S, Kim S, Kim SY, Jung KH, Lee YS, Chai YG. High-Resolution Mapping and Dynamics of the Transcriptome, Transcription Factors, and Transcription Co-Factor Networks in Classically and Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:22. [PMID: 29403501 PMCID: PMC5778122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the prime innate immune cells of the inflammatory response, and the combination of multiple signaling inputs derived from the recognition of host factors [e.g., interferon-g (IFN-γ)] and invading pathogen products (e.g., toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists) are required to maintain essential macrophage function. The profound effects on biological outcomes of inflammation associated with IFN-γ pretreatment (“priming”) and TLR4 ligand bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation (M1 or classical activation) have long been recognized, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Therefore, we analyzed gene expression profiles of macrophages and identified genes, transcription factors (TFs), and transcription co-factors (TcoFs) that are uniquely or highly expressed in IFN-γ-mediated TLR4 ligand LPS-inducible versus only TLR4 ligand LPS-inducible primary macrophages. This macrophage gene expression has not been observed in macrophage cell lines. We also showed that interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 (M2 or alternative activation) elicited the induction of a distinct subset of genes related to M2 macrophage polarization. Importantly, this macrophage gene expression was also associated with promoter conservation. In particular, our approach revealed novel roles for the TFs and TcoFs in response to inflammation. We believe that the systematic approach presented herein is an important framework to better understand the transcriptional machinery of different macrophage subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Wang P, Li Y, Meng T, Zhang J, Wei Y, Meng Z, Lin Y, Liu D, Sui L. KDM6A promotes chondrogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by demethylation of SOX9. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12413. [PMID: 29171124 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES KDM6A has been demonstrated critical in the regulation of cell fates. However, whether KDM6A is involved in cartilage formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of KDM6A in chondrogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, as well as the underlying epigenetic mechanisms. METHODS KDM6A shRNA was transfected into PDLSCs by lentivirus. The chondrogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs was assessed by Alcian blue staining. Immunofluorescence was performed to demonstrate H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 levels during chondrogenesis. SOX9, Col2a1, ACAN and miRNAs (miR-29a, miR-204, miR-211) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Western blot was performed to evaluate SOX9, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3. RESULTS The production of proteoglycans in PDLSCs was decreased after knockdown of KDM6A. Depletion of KDM6A inhibited the expression of SOX9, Col2a1, ACAN and resulted in increased H3K27me3 and decreased H3K4me3 levels. EZH2 inhibitor rescued the chondrogenic potential of PDLSCs after knockdown of KDM6A by regulating H3K27me3. Additionally, miR-29a, miR-204 and miR-211 were also involved in the process of PDLSCs chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS KDM6A is required in chondrogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by demethylation of H3K27me3, and EZH2 inhibitor could rescue chondrogenesis of PDLSCs after knockdown of KDM6A. It could be inferred that upregulation of KDM6A or application of EZH2 inhibitor might improve mesenchymal stem cell mediated cartilage regeneration in inflammatory tissue destruction such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Wang
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaosong Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Department of Endodontics & Laboratory for Dental Stem Cells and Endocrine Immunology, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
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Neal M, Richardson JR. Epigenetic regulation of astrocyte function in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:432-443. [PMID: 29113750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control various functions throughout the body, from cell fate determination in development to immune responses and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is one of the prime contributors to the initiation and progression of neurodegeneration in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Because astrocytes are the largest population of glial cells, they represent an important regulator of CNS function, both in health and disease. Only recently have studies begun to identify the epigenetic mechanisms regulating astrocyte responses in neurodegenerative diseases. These epigenetic mechanisms, along with the epigenetic marks involved in astrocyte development, could elucidate novel pathways to potentially modulate astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. This review examines the known epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulation of astrocyte function, from development to neurodegeneration, and links these mechanisms to potential astrocyte-specific roles in neurodegenerative disease with a focus on potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44201, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44201, USA.
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