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De Paus LV, An Y, Janssen APA, van den Berg RJBHN, Heitman LH, van der Stelt M. Discovery of a Photoaffinity Probe that Captures the Active Conformation of the Cannabinoid CB 2 Receptor. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300785. [PMID: 38372466 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor with therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Fluorescent probes are desirable to study its receptor localization, expression and occupancy. Previously, we have reported a photoaffinity probe LEI-121 that stabilized the inactive conformation of the CB2R. Here, we report the structure-based design of a novel bifunctional probe that captures the active conformation of the CB2R upon irradiation with light. An alkyne handle was incorporated to visualize the receptor using click-chemistry with fluorophore-azides. These probes may hold promise to study different receptor conformations in relation to their cellular localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V De Paus
- Molecular Physiology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yu An
- Molecular Physiology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Molecular Physiology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura H Heitman
- Molecular Pharmacology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Molecular Physiology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Liu H, Zhang H, IJzerman AP, Guo D. The translational value of ligand-receptor binding kinetics in drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37705429 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of in vitro potency of a candidate drug, as determined by traditional pharmacology metrics (such as EC50 /IC50 and KD /Ki values), to in vivo efficacy and safety is challenging. Residence time, which represents the duration of drug-target interaction, can be part of a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of drug-target interactions in vivo, thereby enabling better prediction of drug efficacy and safety. As a consequence, a prolonged residence time may help in achieving sustained pharmacological activity, while transient interactions with shorter residence times may be favourable for targets associated with side effects. Therefore, integration of residence time into the early stages of drug discovery and development has yielded a number of clinical candidates with promising in vivo efficacy and safety profiles. Insights from residence time research thus contribute to the translation of in vitro potency to in vivo efficacy and safety. Further research and advances in measuring and optimizing residence time will bring a much-needed addition to the drug discovery process and the development of safer and more effective drugs. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on residence time, highlighting its importance from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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3
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Maccarrone M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Grether U, Howlett AC, Hua T, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D, Ueda N, van der Stelt M. Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:885-958. [PMID: 37164640 PMCID: PMC10441647 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of the world population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation in society regarding the risk perception of cannabis, driven by its legalization and medical use in many states in the United States and worldwide. Compelling research evidence and the Food and Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed the large therapeutic potential of cannabidiol itself, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids). Of note, our body has a complex endocannabinoid system (ECS)-made of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters-that is also regulated by phytocannabinoids. The first endocannabinoid to be discovered 30 years ago was anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine); since then, distinct elements of the ECS have been the target of drug design programs aimed at curing (or at least slowing down) a number of human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Here a critical review of our knowledge of the goods and bads of the ECS as a therapeutic target is presented to define the benefits of ECS-active phytocannabinoids and ECS-oriented synthetic drugs for human health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endocannabinoid system plays important roles virtually everywhere in our body and is either involved in mediating key processes of central and peripheral diseases or represents a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of the components of this complex system, and in particular of key receptors (like cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2) and metabolic enzymes (like fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), will advance our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling and activity at molecular, cellular, and system levels, providing new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Uwe Grether
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
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4
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Sharma R, Singh S, Whiting ZM, Molitor M, Vernall AJ, Grimsey NL. Novel Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Low Lipophilicity Agonists Produce Distinct cAMP and Arrestin Signalling Kinetics without Bias. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076406. [PMID: 37047385 PMCID: PMC10094510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) is a promising target for treating inflammatory diseases. We designed derivatives of 3-carbamoyl-2-pyridone and 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one-3-carboxamide CB2-selective agonists with reduced lipophilicity. The new compounds were measured for their affinity (radioligand binding) and ability to elicit cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling and β-arrestin-2 translocation with temporal resolution (BRET-based biosensors). For the 3-carbamoyl-2-pyridone derivatives, we found that modifying the previously reported compound UOSS77 (also known as S-777469) by appending a PEG2-alcohol via a 3-carbomylcyclohexyl carboxamide (UOSS75) lowered lipophilicity, and preserved binding affinity and signalling profile. The 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one-3-carboxamide UOMM18, containing a cis configuration at the 3-carboxamide cyclohexyl and with an alcohol on the 4-position of the cyclohexyl, had lower lipophilicity but similar CB2 affinity and biological activity to previously reported compounds of this class. Relative to CP55,940, the new compounds acted as partial agonists and did not exhibit signalling bias. Interestingly, while all compounds shared similar temporal trajectories for maximal efficacy, differing temporal trajectories for potency were observed. Consequently, when applied at sub-maximal concentrations, CP55,940 tended to elicit sustained (cAMP) or increasing (arrestin) responses, whereas responses to the new compounds tended to be transient (cAMP) or sustained (arrestin). In future studies, the compounds characterised here may be useful in elucidating the consequences of differential temporal signalling profiles on CB2-mediated physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raahul Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (R.S.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Sameek Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand (M.M.); (A.J.V.)
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zak M. Whiting
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (R.S.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maximilian Molitor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand (M.M.); (A.J.V.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea J. Vernall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand (M.M.); (A.J.V.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Natasha L. Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (R.S.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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5
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Li X, Chang H, Bouma J, de Paus LV, Mukhopadhyay P, Paloczi J, Mustafa M, van der Horst C, Kumar SS, Wu L, Yu Y, van den Berg RJBHN, Janssen APA, Lichtman A, Liu ZJ, Pacher P, van der Stelt M, Heitman LH, Hua T. Structural basis of selective cannabinoid CB 2 receptor activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1447. [PMID: 36922494 PMCID: PMC10017709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) agonists are investigated as therapeutic agents in the clinic. However, their molecular mode-of-action is not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery of LEI-102, a CB2R agonist, used in conjunction with three other CBR ligands (APD371, HU308, and CP55,940) to investigate the selective CB2R activation by binding kinetics, site-directed mutagenesis, and cryo-EM studies. We identify key residues for CB2R activation. Highly lipophilic HU308 and the endocannabinoids, but not the more polar LEI-102, APD371, and CP55,940, reach the binding pocket through a membrane channel in TM1-TM7. Favorable physico-chemical properties of LEI-102 enable oral efficacy in a chemotherapy-induced nephropathy model. This study delineates the molecular mechanism of CB2R activation by selective agonists and highlights the role of lipophilicity in CB2R engagement. This may have implications for GPCR drug design and sheds light on their activation by endogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hao Chang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jara Bouma
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura V de Paus
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cas van der Horst
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Sunil Kumar
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard J B H N van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aron Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Oncode Institute, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Endocannabinoid System: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16020148. [PMID: 37017445 PMCID: PMC9966761 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (eCB) has been studied to identify the molecular structures present in Cannabis sativa. eCB consists of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands, and the associated enzymatic apparatus responsible for maintaining energy homeostasis and cognitive processes. Several physiological effects of cannabinoids are exerted through interactions with various receptors, such as CB1 and CB2 receptors, vanilloid receptors, and the recently discovered G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR19). Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidoylglycerol (2-AG), two small lipids derived from arachidonic acid, showed high-affinity binding to both CB1 and CB2 receptors. eCB plays a critical role in chronic pain and mood disorders and has been extensively studied because of its wide therapeutic potential and because it is a promising target for the development of new drugs. Phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have shown varied affinities for eCB and are relevant to the treatment of several neurological diseases. This review provides a description of eCB components and discusses how phytocannabinoids and other exogenous compounds may regulate the eCB balance. Furthermore, we show the hypo- or hyperfunctionality of eCB in the body and how eCB is related to chronic pain and mood disorders, even with integrative and complementary health practices (ICHP) harmonizing the eCB.
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7
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Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of selected cannabinoids and terpenes from Cannabis Sativa employing human primary leukocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Penna E, Niso M, Podlewska S, Volpicelli F, Crispino M, Perrone-Capano C, Bojarski AJ, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of the Residence Time of Serotonin 5-HT 7 Receptor Ligands with Arylpiperazine Structure: A Structure-Kinetics Relationship Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:497-509. [PMID: 35099177 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the kinetics of drug-target interaction has received increasing attention as an important pharmacological parameter in the drug development process. Several studies have suggested that the lipophilicity of a molecule can play an important role. To date, this aspect has been studied for several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands but not for the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R), a GPCR proposed as a valid therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with abnormal neuronal connectivity. In this study, we report on structure-kinetics relationships of a set of arylpiperazine-based 5-HT7R ligands. We found that it is not the overall lipophilicity of the molecule that influences drug-target interaction kinetics but rather the position of polar groups within the molecule. Next, we performed a combination of molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into structure-kinetics relationships. These studies did not suggest specific contact patterns between the ligands and the receptor-binding site as determinants for compounds kinetics. Finally, we compared the abilities of two 5-HT7R agonists with similar receptor-binding affinities and different residence times to stimulate the 5-HT7R-mediated neurite outgrowth in mouse neuronal primary cultures and found that the compounds induced the effect with different timing. This study provides the first insights into the binding kinetics of arylpiperazine-based 5-HT7R ligands that can be helpful to design new 5-HT7R ligands with fine-tuning of the kinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biofordrug srl, via Dante 99, 70019 Triggiano (Bari), Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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9
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Voss JH, Nagel J, Rafehi M, Guixà-González R, Malfacini D, Patt J, Kehraus S, Inoue A, König GM, Kostenis E, Deupi X, Namasivayam V, Müller CE. Unraveling binding mechanism and kinetics of macrocyclic Gα q protein inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105880. [PMID: 34506902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
G proteins represent intracellular switches that transduce signals relayed from G protein-coupled receptors. The structurally related macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM) are potent, selective inhibitors of the Gαq protein family. We recently discovered that radiolabeled FR and YM display strongly divergent residence times, which translates into significantly longer antiasthmatic effects of FR. The present study is aimed at investigating the molecular basis for this observed disparity. Based on docking studies, we mutated amino acid residues of the Gαq protein predicted to interact with FR or YM, and recombinantly expressed the mutated Gαq proteins in cells in which the native Gαq proteins had been knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9. Both radioligands showed similar association kinetics, and their binding followed a conformational selection mechanism, which was rationalized by molecular dynamics simulation studies. Several mutations of amino acid residues near the putative binding site of the "lipophilic anchors" of FR, especially those predicted to interact with the isopropyl group present in FR but not in YM, led to dramatically accelerated dissociation kinetics. Our data indicate that the long residence time of FR depends on lipophilic interactions within its binding site. The observed structure-kinetic relationships point to a complex binding mechanism of FR, which likely involves snap-lock- or dowel-like conformational changes of either ligand or protein, or both. These experimental data will be useful for the design of compounds with a desired residence time, a parameter that has now been recognized to be of utmost importance in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Nagel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Patt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Cannabinoid receptor type 2 ligands: an analysis of granted patents since 2010. Pharm Pat Anal 2021; 10:111-163. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) is a key element of the endocannabinoid (EC) system. EC/CB2R signaling has significant therapeutic potential in major pathologies affecting humans such as allergies, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation or ocular diseases. CB2R agonism exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue protective effects in preclinical animal models of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, lung and neurodegenerative disorders. Existing ligands can be subdivided into endocannabinoids, cannabinoid-like and synthetic CB2R ligands that possess various degrees of potency on and selectivity against the cannabinoid receptor type 1. This review is an account of granted CB2R ligand patents from 2010 up to the present, which were surveyed using Derwent Innovation®.
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11
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Mohr F, Hurrle T, Burggraaff L, Langer L, Bemelmans MP, Knab M, Nieger M, van Westen GJP, Heitman LH, Bräse S. Synthesis and SAR evaluation of coumarin derivatives as potent cannabinoid receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113354. [PMID: 33915369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the development and extensive structure-activity relationship evaluation of a series of modified coumarins as cannabinoid receptor ligands. In radioligand, and [35S]GTPγS binding assays the CB receptor binding affinities and efficacies of the new ligands were determined. Furthermore, we used a ligand-based docking approach to validate the empirical observed results. In conclusion, several crucial structural requirements were identified. The most potent coumarins like 3-butyl-7-(1-butylcyclopentyl)-5-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (36b, Ki CB2 13.7 nM, EC50 18 nM), 7-(1-butylcyclohexyl)-5-hydroxy-3-propyl-2H-chromen-2-one (39b, Ki CB2 6.5 nM, EC50 4.51 nM) showed a CB2 selective agonistic profile with low nanomolar affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mohr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hurrle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Langer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martijn P Bemelmans
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Knab
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1), 00014, Finland
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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12
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Deganutti G, Moro S, Reynolds CA. A Supervised Molecular Dynamics Approach to Unbiased Ligand–Protein Unbinding. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1804-1817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Deganutti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Christopher A. Reynolds
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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13
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Vlachodimou A, Konstantinopoulou K, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Affinity, binding kinetics and functional characterization of draflazine analogues for human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 172:113747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Lee KSS, Yang J, Niu J, Ng CJ, Wagner KM, Dong H, Kodani SD, Wan D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Drug-Target Residence Time Affects in Vivo Target Occupancy through Multiple Pathways. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1614-1624. [PMID: 31572788 PMCID: PMC6764161 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development process is greatly hampered by difficulties in translating in vitro potency to in vivo efficacy. Recent studies suggest that the long-neglected drug-target residence time parameter complements classical drug affinity parameters (K I, K d, IC50, or EC50) and is a better predictor of in vivo efficacy. Compounds with a long drug-target residence time are often more efficacious in vivo. The impact, however, of the drug-target residence time on in vivo efficacy remains controversial due to difficulties in experimentally determining the in vivo target occupancy during drug treatment. To tackle this problem, an in vivo displacement assay was developed using soluble epoxide hydrolase as a biological model. In this report, we experimentally demonstrated that drug-target residence time affects the duration of in vivo drug-target binding. In addition, the drug-target residence time plays an important role in modulating the rate of drug metabolism which also affects the efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jun Niu
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Connie J. Ng
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hua Dong
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sean D. Kodani
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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15
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Selective antibacterial activity of the cationic peptide PaDBS1R6 against Gram-negative bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1375-1387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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IJzerman AP, Guo D. Drug-Target Association Kinetics in Drug Discovery. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:861-871. [PMID: 31101454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The important role of ligand-receptor binding kinetics in drug design and discovery is increasingly recognized by the drug research community. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has shown that optimizing the ligand's dissociation rate constant can lead to desirable duration of in vivo target occupancy and, hence, improved pharmacodynamic properties. However, the association rate constant as a pharmacological principle remains less investigated, whereas it can play an equally important role in the selection of drug candidates. This review provides a compilation and discussion of otherwise scarce and dispersed information on this topic, bringing to light the importance of drug-target association in kinetics-directed drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Peeking at G-protein-coupled receptors through the molecular dynamics keyhole. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:599-615. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics is a state of the art computational tool for the investigation of biophysics phenomenon at a molecular scale, as it enables the modeling of dynamic processes, such as conformational motions, molecular solvation and ligand binding. The recent advances in structural biology have led to a bloom in published G-protein-coupled receptor structures, representing a solid and valuable resource for molecular dynamics studies. During the last decade, indeed, a plethora of physiological and pharmacological facets of this membrane protein superfamily have been addressed by means of molecular dynamics simulations, including the activation mechanism, allosterism and, very recently, biased signaling. Here, we try to recapitulate some of the main contributions that molecular dynamics has recently produced in the field.
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