1
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Melrose J. Keratan sulfate, an electrosensory neurosentient bioresponsive cell instructive glycosaminoglycan. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae014. [PMID: 38376199 PMCID: PMC10987296 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The roles of keratan sulfate (KS) as a proton detection glycosaminoglycan in neurosensory processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems is reviewed. The functional properties of the KS-proteoglycans aggrecan, phosphacan, podocalyxcin as components of perineuronal nets in neurosensory processes in neuronal plasticity, cognitive learning and memory are also discussed. KS-glycoconjugate neurosensory gels used in electrolocation in elasmobranch fish species and KS substituted mucin like conjugates in some tissue contexts in mammals need to be considered in sensory signalling. Parallels are drawn between KS's roles in elasmobranch fish neurosensory processes and its roles in mammalian electro mechanical transduction of acoustic liquid displacement signals in the cochlea by the tectorial membrane and stereocilia of sensory inner and outer hair cells into neural signals for sound interpretation. The sophisticated structural and functional proteins which maintain the unique high precision physical properties of stereocilia in the detection, transmittance and interpretation of acoustic signals in the hearing process are important. The maintenance of the material properties of stereocilia are essential in sound transmission processes. Specific, emerging roles for low sulfation KS in sensory bioregulation are contrasted with the properties of high charge density KS isoforms. Some speculations are made on how the molecular and electrical properties of KS may be of potential application in futuristic nanoelectronic, memristor technology in advanced ultrafast computing devices with low energy requirements in nanomachines, nanobots or molecular switches which could be potentially useful in artificial synapse development. Application of KS in such innovative areas in bioregulation are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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2
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Alaa M, Al-Shehaby N, Anwar AM, Farid N, Shawky MS, Zamzam M, Zaky I, Elghounimy A, El-Naggar S, Magdeldin S. Comparative Shotgun Proteomics Reveals the Characteristic Protein Signature of Osteosarcoma Subtypes. Cells 2023; 12:2179. [PMID: 37681913 PMCID: PMC10487120 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify proteomic signatures that distinguish between different osteosarcoma subtypes, providing insights into their molecular heterogeneity and potential implications for personalized treatment approaches. Using advanced proteomic techniques, we analyzed FFPE tumor samples from a cohort of pediatric osteosarcoma patients representing four various subtypes. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant proteomic signature that discriminated between these subtypes, highlighting distinct molecular profiles associated with different tumor characteristics. In contrast, clinical determinants did not correlate with the proteome signature of pediatric osteosarcoma. The identified proteomics signature encompassed a diverse array of proteins involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and proteoglycans in cancer, among the top enriched pathways. These findings underscore the importance of considering the molecular heterogeneity of osteosarcoma during diagnosis or even when developing personalized treatment strategies. By identifying subtype-specific proteomics signatures, clinicians may be able to tailor therapy regimens to individual patients, optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Alaa
- Immunology and Microbiology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Nouran Al-Shehaby
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Nesma Farid
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | | | - Manal Zamzam
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Iman Zaky
- Radio Diagnosis Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Radio Diagnosis Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elghounimy
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Surgery Unit, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Unit, Research Department, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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3
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Guo Z, Li Z, Chen M, Qi X, Sun Z, Wu S, Hou X, Qiu M, Cao Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals the prognostic and tumor micro-environmental value of lumican in multiple cancer types. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158747. [PMID: 37692065 PMCID: PMC10484533 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumican (LUM), a proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been reported to be involved in the regulation of immune escape processes, but the data supporting this phenomenon are not sufficient. In this study, we aimed to explore the links among LUM expression, survival, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunotherapy in 33 cancer types. Methods: Data from several databases, such as UCSC Xena, GTEx, UALCAN, HPA, GEPIA2, TISIDB, PrognoScan, TIMER2, and GEO, as well as published studies, were used to determine the relationship between LUM expression and clinical features, TME, heterogeneity, and tumor stemness. Results: The expression of LUM was statistically different in most tumors versus normal tissues, both at the RNA and protein expression levels. High expression of LUM was typically associated with a poor prognosis in tumors. Additionally, immune scores, six immune cells, four immunosuppressive cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-associated and immunosuppressive factors, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNAss, and RNAss were all significantly associated with LUM. Among them, LUM expression displayed a significant positive correlation with CAFs and their factors, and exhibited immunosuppressive effects in six independent immunotherapy cohorts. Conclusion: Multi-omics analysis suggests that LUM may have been a prognostic marker, contributed to immunosuppression in the TME, and decreased the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuai Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangjun Qi
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Hou
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Qiu
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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6
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Boyang C, Yuexing L, Yiping Y, Haiyang Y, Xufei Z, Liancheng G, Yunzhi C. Construction and analysis of heart failure diagnosis model based on random forest and artificial neural network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31097. [PMID: 36254001 PMCID: PMC9575800 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a global health problem and the number of sufferers is increasing as the population grows and ages. Existing diagnostic techniques for heart failure have various limitations in the clinical setting and there is a need to develop a new diagnostic model to complement the existing diagnostic methods. In recent years, with the development and improvement of gene sequencing technology, more genes associated with heart failure have been identified. We screened for differentially expressed genes in heart failure using available gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified 6 important genes by a random forest classifier (ASPN, MXRA5, LUM, GLUL, CNN1, and SERPINA3). And we have successfully constructed a new heart failure diagnostic model using an artificial neural network and validated its diagnostic efficacy in a public dataset. We calculated heart failure-related differentially expressed genes and obtained 24 candidate genes by random forest classification, and selected the top 6 genes as important genes for subsequent analysis. The prediction weights of the genes of interest were determined by the neural network model and the model scores were evaluated in 2 independent sample datasets (GSE16499 and GSE57338 datasets). Since the weights of RNA-seq predictions for constructing neural network models were theoretically more suitable for disease classification of RNA-seq data, the GSE57338 dataset had the best performance in the validation results. The diagnostic model derived from our study can be of clinical value in determining the likelihood of HF occurring through cardiac biopsy. In the meantime, we need to further investigate the accuracy of the diagnostic model based on the results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Boyang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Yuexing
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Yiping
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Haiyang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhang Xufei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guan Liancheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Yunzhi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * Correspondence: Chen Yunzhi, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (e-mail: )
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7
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Guo Y, Ning B, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhao L, Lu Q, Zhang D. Identification of Hub Diagnostic Biomarkers and Candidate Therapeutic Drugs in Heart Failure. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:623-635. [PMID: 35058712 PMCID: PMC8765546 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s349235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the potential regulatory mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic drugs for heart failure (HF). Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HF and non-failing donors were screened from the GSE57345, GSE5406, and GSE3586 datasets. Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Metascape were used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses respectively. The GSE57345 dataset was used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The intersecting hub genes from the DEGs and WGCNA were identified and verified with the GSE5406 and GSE3586 datasets. The diagnostic value of the hub genes was calculated through receiver operating characteristic analysis and net reclassification index (NRI). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to filter out the signaling pathways associated with the hub genes. SYBYL 2.1 was used for molecular docking of hub targets and potential HF drugs obtained from the connection map. Results Functional annotation of the DEGs showed enrichment of negative regulation of angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and heart development. PTN, LUM, ISLR, and ASPN were identified as the hub genes of HF. GSEA showed that the key genes were related to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Sirolimus, LY-294002, and wortmannin have been confirmed as potential drugs for HF. Conclusion We identified new hub genes and candidate therapeutic drugs for HF, which are potential diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobin Ning
- Department of Medicine, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - QiQin Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) exists as a dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical factors that maintain tissue homeostasis. Given its sensitivity to changes in the intra- and extracellular space, the plasticity of the ECM can be pathological in driving disease through aberrant matrix remodelling. In particular, cancer uses the matrix for its proliferation, angiogenesis, cellular reprogramming and metastatic spread. An emerging field of matrix biology focuses on proteoglycans that regulate autophagy, an intracellular process that plays both critical and contextual roles in cancer. Here, we review the most prominent autophagic modulators from the matrix and the current understanding of the cellular pathways and signalling cascades that mechanistically drive their autophagic function. We then critically assess how their autophagic functions influence tumorigenesis, emphasizing the complexities and stage-dependent nature of this relationship in cancer. We highlight novel emerging data on immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor-1, heparanase and thrombospondin 1 in autophagy and cancer. Finally, we further discuss the pro- and anti-autophagic modulators originating from the ECM, as well as how these proteoglycans and other matrix constituents specifically influence cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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9
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Lai YJ, Kao WWY, Yeh YH, Chen WJ, Chu PH. Lumican deficiency promotes pulmonary arterial remodeling. Transl Res 2021; 237:63-81. [PMID: 34091085 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is caused by progressive extracellular matrix disorganization and increased pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Lumican is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family that controls cell proliferation, and is a potential endogenous modulator of TGF-β signaling pathway. We show that the decreased lumican protein levels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is related to the vascular remodeling and stiffening observed in PAH. The role of lumican in PASMC accumulation and activation in response to pulmonary vascular remodeling remains unclear and we hypothesized that the loss of lumican in PASMCs promotes the development of PAH. Our aim was to establish that lumican plays a pivotal role in modulating pathological vascular remodeling in humans using a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH and chronically hypoxic mice. We found that mice with a homozygous deletion of lumican (Lum-/-) showed severe pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in response to hypoxia, and these effects in mice with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension were successfully treated by the administration of a lumican C-terminal peptide (LumC13C-A, lumikine). We identified a mechanistic link by which lumican signaling prevents the activation of phosphorylated AKT, resulting in the suppression of PASMC proliferation. Lumican deficiency promotes pulmonary arterial remodeling. Administration of lumikine reverses the PAH pathogenesis caused by hypoxia-induced experimental PAH. Lumican is an antiproliferative target that functions to suppress pAKT activation during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Department of Ophtalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Dauvé J, Belloy N, Rivet R, Etique N, Nizet P, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Karamanou K, Dauchez M, Ramont L, Brézillon S, Baud S. Differential MMP-14 Targeting by Lumican-Derived Peptides Unraveled by In Silico Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194930. [PMID: 34638415 PMCID: PMC8507859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM), displays anti-tumor properties through its direct interaction with MMP-14. Lumican-derived peptides, such as lumcorin (17 amino acids) or L9M (10 amino acids), are able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-14 and melanoma progression. This work aimed to visualize the interactions of lumican-derived peptides and MMP-14. Molecular modeling was used to characterize the interactions between lumican-derived peptides, such as lumcorin, L9M, and cyclic L9M (L9Mc, 12 amino acids), and MMP-14. The interaction of L9Mc with MMP-14 was preferential with the MT-Loop domain while lumcorin interacted more with the catalytic site. Key residues in the MMP-14 amino acid sequence were highlighted for the interaction between the inhibitory SLRP-derived peptides and MMP-14. In order to validate the in silico data, MMP-14 activity and migration assays were performed using murine B16F1 and human HT-144 melanoma cells. In contrast to the HT-144 melanoma cell line, L9Mc significantly inhibited the migration of B16F1 cells and the activity of MMP-14 but with less efficacy than lumican and lumcorin. L9Mc significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16F1 but not of HT-144 cells in vitro and primary melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Thus, the site of interaction between the domains of MMP-14 and lumcorin or L9Mc were different, which might explain the differences in the inhibitory effect of MMP-14 activity. Altogether, the biological assays validated the prediction of the in silico study. Possible and feasible improvements include molecular dynamics results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dauvé
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicolas Belloy
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Romain Rivet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicolas Etique
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Pierre Nizet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Laurent Ramont
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Lumican in Carcinogenesis-Revisited. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091319. [PMID: 34572532 PMCID: PMC8466546 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process with the input and interactions of environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors. During cancer development, a significant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is evident. Proteoglycans (PGs), such as lumican, are glycosylated proteins that participate in the formation of the ECM and are established biological mediators. Notably, lumican is involved in cellular processes associated with tumorigeneses, such as EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, lumican is expressed in various cancer tissues and is reported to have a positive or negative correlation with tumor progression. This review focuses on significant advances achieved regardingthe role of lumican in the tumor biology. Here, the effects of lumican on cancer cell growth, invasion, motility, and metastasis are discussed, as well as the repercussions on autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, in light of the available data, novel roles for lumican as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4557
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12
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Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Tzanakakis GN, Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Hida K, Neagu M, Tsatsakis AM, Nikitovic D. The Role of IGF/IGF-IR-Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Effectors in Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102478. [PMID: 34069554 PMCID: PMC8160938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone sarcomas are mesenchymal origin tumors. Bone sarcoma patients show a variable response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, improving efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Most clinical trials aiming at the IGF pathway have had limited success. Developing combinatorial strategies to enhance antitumor responses and better classify the patients that could best benefit from IGF-axis targeting therapies is in order. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects bone sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized. Abstract Bone sarcomas, mesenchymal origin tumors, represent a substantial group of varying neoplasms of a distinct entity. Bone sarcoma patients show a limited response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, developing efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Whereas failures have been registered in creating novel targeted therapeutics aiming at the IGF pathway, new agent development should continue, evaluating combinatorial strategies for enhancing antitumor responses and better classifying the patients that could best benefit from these therapies. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in bone sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring novel properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wilson SE. TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108594. [PMID: 33894227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TGF beta-1, -2 and -3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. There are numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling the action of each isoform that include the organ-specific cells producing latent TGF beta growth factors, multiple effectors that activate the isoforms, ECM-associated SLRPs and basement membrane components that modulate the activity and localization of the isoforms, other interactive cytokine-growth factor receptor systems, such as PDGF and CTGF, TGF beta receptor expression on target cells, including myofibroblast precursors, receptor binding competition, positive and negative signal transduction effectors, and transcription and translational regulatory mechanisms. While there has long been the view that TGF beta-1and TGF beta-2 are pro-fibrotic, while TGF beta-3 is anti-fibrotic, this review suggests that view is too simplistic, at least in adult tissues, since TGF beta-3 shares far more similarities in its modulation of fibrotic gene expression with TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, than it does differences, and often the differences are subtle. Rather, TGF beta-3 should be seen as a fibro-modulatory partner to the other two isoforms that modulates a nuanced and better controlled response to injury. The complex interplay between the three isoforms and numerous interactive proteins, in the context of the cellular milieu, controls regenerative non-fibrotic vs. fibrotic healing in a response to injury in a particular organ, as well as the resolution of fibrosis, when that occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Zeng-Brouwers J, Pandey S, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:887-906. [PMID: 32623933 PMCID: PMC7708667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sony Pandey
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Impaired collagen fibril assembly in keloids with enhanced expression of lumican and collagen V. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108676. [PMID: 33188736 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are characterized by fibroblast activation and altered architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive deposition of ECM molecules and irregular organization of collagen fibers have been observed in keloids. However, the ultrastructural alteration of collagen has not been fully investigated. In this study, the differences in tissue structure, collagen ultrastructure, matrix components, mechanical properties and collagen assembling molecules between keloids and their extra-lesional skins (ELSs) were explored using histology, transmission electron microscope (TEM), qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics. Histological evaluation showed thinner fibers in keloids with increased contents of collagen III and proteoglycans, which were supported by TEM findings of thinner collagen fibrils and less developed D-band periodicity in keloids than in ELSs (p < 0.05). In addition, total collagen and water contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05) along with richer proteoglycan production in keloids vs ELSs, which also led to increased stiffness and decreased maximal load in keloids compared with ELSs. Mechanism study showed that multiple molecules related to matrix assembly were significantly upregulated in keloids (p < 0.05). In particular, lumican and collagen V showed high degrees in co-expression analysis and their upregulation levels were revealed from microarray data, which were also verified in keloids at both gene and protein levels (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, siRNA knockdown of lumican failed to affect in vitro collagen assembly, but caused upregulated collagen V expression along with the upregulation of focal adhesion kinase, TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and PDGF, among which some are known for capable of enhancing collagen V expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrates impaired collagen assembly along with enhanced expression of lumican and collagen V, both are known for interfering with collagen fibril assembly.
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17
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Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Chen Z, Duan Z. The role of extracelluar matrix in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:178. [PMID: 32887645 PMCID: PMC7650219 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for those with metastasis remain dismal. In addition, therapeutic regimens have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past four decades, and metastases remains a primary cause of death and obstacle in curative therapy. These limitations in care have given rise to numerous works focused on mechanisms and novel targets of OS pathogenesis, including tumor niche factors. OS is notable for its hallmark production of rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoid that goes beyond simple physiological growth support. The aberrant signaling and structural components of the ECM are rich promoters of OS development, and very recent works have shown the specific pathogenic phenotypes induced by these macromolecules. Here we summarize the current developments outlining how the ECM contributes to OS progression and metastasis with supporting mechanisms. We also illustrate the potential of tumorigenic ECM elements as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving clinical management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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18
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Papoutsidakis A, Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Lumican mediates HTB94 chondrosarcoma cell growth via an IGF‑IR/Erk1/2 axis. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:791-803. [PMID: 32705211 PMCID: PMC7384848 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor characterized by the production of a modified cartilage-type extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, the expression levels of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin, biglycan and lumican, were examined in the HTB94 human chondrosarcoma cell line. HTB94 cells were found to express and secrete the 3 SLRP members. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that lumican was the most abundantly secreted SLRP, whereas decorin and biglycan expression levels were low. The utilization of short interfering RNA specific for the decorin, biglycan, and lumican genes resulted in the efficient downregulation of the respective mRNA levels (P≤0.001). The growth of the HTB94 cells was stimulated by lumican (P≤0.001), whereas their migration and adhesion were not affected (P=NS). By contrast, these cellular functions were not sensitive to a decrease in low endogenous levels of decorin and biglycan. Lumicandeficiency significantly inhibited both basal and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-induced HTB94 cell growth (P≤0.001 andP≤0.01, respectively). These effects were executed through the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), whose activation was markedly attenuated (P≤0.01) in lumican-deficient HTB94 cells. The downregulation of lumican induced the substantial inhibition of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation (P≤ 0.01), indicating that ERK1/2 is a necessary component of lumican/IGF-IR-mediated HTB94 cell proliferation. Moreover, the lumican-deficient cells exhibit increased mRNA levels of p53 (P≤0.05), suggesting that lumican facilitates HTB94 cell growth through an IGF-IR/ERK1/2/p53 signaling cascade. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that endogenous lumican is a novel regulator of HTB94 cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Papoutsidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Fenlon M, Short C, Xu J, Malkoff N, Mahdi E, Hough M, Glazier A, Lee C, Asahina K, Wang KS. Prominin-1-expressing hepatic progenitor cells induce fibrogenesis in murine cholestatic liver injury. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14508. [PMID: 32686913 PMCID: PMC7370750 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury is associated with intrahepatic biliary fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Prominin-1 (Prom1 or CD133) become activated and participate in the expansion of cholangiocytes known as the ductular reaction. Previously, we demonstrated that in biliary atresia, Prom1(+) HPCs are present within developing fibrosis and that null mutation of Prom1 significantly abrogates fibrogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that these activated Prom1-expressing HPCs promote fibrogenesis in cholestatic liver injury. Using Prom1CreERT2-nLacZ/+ ;Rosa26Lsl-GFP/+ mice, we traced the fate of Prom1-expressing HPCs in the growth of the neonatal and adult livers and in biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Prom1-expressing cell lineage labeling with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on postnatal day 1 exhibited an expanded population as well as bipotent differentiation potential toward both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at postnatal day 35. However, in the adult liver, they lost hepatocyte differentiation potential. Upon cholestatic liver injury, adult Prom1-expressing HPCs gave rise to both PROM1(+) and PROM1(-) cholangiocytes contributing to ductular reaction without hepatocyte or myofibroblast differentiation. RNA-sequencing analysis of GFP(+) Prom1-expressing HPC lineage revealed a persistent cholangiocyte phenotype and evidence of Transforming Growth Factor-β pathway activation. When Prom1-expressing cells were ablated with induced Diphtheria toxin in Prom1CreERT-nLacZ/+ ;Rosa26DTA/+ mice, we observed a decrease in ductular reactions and biliary fibrosis typically present in BDL as well as decreased expression of numerous fibrogenic gene markers. Our data indicate that Prom1-expressing HPCs promote biliary fibrosis associated with activation of myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenlon
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Celia Short
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jiabo Xu
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Nicolas Malkoff
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Elaa Mahdi
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Michelle Hough
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alison Glazier
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Calvin Lee
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD & CirrhosisDepartment of PathologyKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kasper S. Wang
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes in Palbociclib-Resistant ER+ MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040467. [PMID: 32344635 PMCID: PMC7230561 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibition in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains a significant clinical challenge. Efforts to uncover the mechanisms underlying resistance are needed to establish clinically actionable targets effective against resistant tumors. In this study, we sought to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with acquired resistance to palbociclib in ER+ breast cancer. We performed next-generation transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and pathway analysis in ER+ MCF7 palbociclib-sensitive (MCF7/pS) and MCF7 palbociclib-resistant (MCF7/pR) cells. We identified 2183 up-regulated and 1548 down-regulated transcripts in MCF7/pR compared to MCF7/pS cells. Functional analysis of the DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database identified several pathways associated with breast cancer, including ‘cell cycle’, ‘DNA replication’, ‘DNA repair’ and ‘autophagy’. Additionally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that resistance to palbociclib is closely associated with deregulation of several key canonical and metabolic pathways. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of these DEGs and pathways as therapeutics targets against ER+ palbociclib-resistant breast cancer.
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21
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Karamanou K, Franchi M, Onisto M, Passi A, Vynios DH, Brézillon S. Evaluation of lumican effects on morphology of invading breast cancer cells, expression of integrins and downstream signaling. FEBS J 2020; 287:4862-4880. [PMID: 32160387 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican regulates estrogen receptors (ERs)-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix macromolecules, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, it is not known whether the ER-dependent lumican effects on breast cancer cells are related to the expression of integrins and their intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we analyzed the effects of lumican in three breast cancer cell lines: the highly metastatic ERβ-positive MDA-MB-231, cells with the respective ERβ-suppressed (shERβMDA-MB-231), and lowly invasive ERα-positive MCF-7/c breast cancer cells. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, western blot, and cell adhesion assays were performed. Lumican effects on breast cancer cell morphology were also investigated in 3-dimensional collagen cultures. Lumican treatment induced cell-cell contacts and cell grouping and inhibited microvesicles and microvilli formation. The expression of the cell surface adhesion receptor CD44, its isoform and variants, hyaluronan (HA), and HA synthases was also investigated. Lumican inhibited the expression of CD44 and HA synthases, and its effect on cell adhesion revealed a major role of α1, α2, α3, αVβ3, and αVβ5 integrins in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF-7/c cells. Lumican upregulated the expression of α2 and β1 integrin subunits both in MDA-MB-231 and in shERβMDA-MB-231 as compared to MCF-7/c cells. Downstream signaling pathways for integrins, such as FAK, ERK 1/2 MAPK 42/44, and Akt, were found to be downregulated by lumican. Our data shed light to the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anticancer activity of lumican in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims, France
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7369, Reims, France
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22
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Madda R, Chen CM, Wang JY, Chen CF, Chao KY, Yang YM, Wu HY, Chen WM, Wu PK. Proteomic profiling and identification of significant markers from high-grade osteosarcoma after cryotherapy and irradiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2105. [PMID: 32034162 PMCID: PMC7005698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological reconstruction of allografts and recycled autografts have been widely implemented in high-grade osteogenic sarcoma. For treating tumor-bearing autografts, extracorporeal irradiation (ECIR) and liquid nitrogen (LN) freezing techniques are being used worldwide as a gold standard treatment procedure. Both the methods aim to eradicate the tumor cells from the local recurrence and restore the limb function. Therefore, it is essential and crucial to find, and compare the alterations at molecular and physiological levels of the treated and untreated OGS recycled autografts to obtain valuable clinical information for better clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the significantly expressed altered proteins from ECIR-and cryotherapy/freezing- treated OGS (n = 12) were compared to untreated OGS (n = 12) samples using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the selected proteins from this protein panel were verified using immunoblot analysis. From our comparative proteomic analysis identified a total of 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from OGS. Among these, 91 proteins were up-regulated (2.5 to 3.5-folds), and 40 proteins were down-regulated (0.2 to 0.5 folds) (p < 0.01 and 0.05). The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEPs have belonged to more than 10 different protein categories include cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix, immune, enzyme modulators, and cell signaling molecules. Among these, we have confirmed two potential candidates’ expressions levels such as Fibronectin and Protein S100 A4 using western blot analysis. Our proteomic study revealed that LN-freezing and ECIR treatments are effectively eradicating tumor cells, and reducing the higher expressions of DEPs at molecular levels which may help in restoring the limb functions of OGS autografts effectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study that compared proteomic profiles among freezing, ECIR treated with untreated OGS in recycled autografts. Moreover, the verified proteins could be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers that reveal valuable scientific information which may open various therapeutic avenues in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Madda
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research and Development, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Chao
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Yang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of orthopedics, Therapeutical and Musculoskeletal Tumor Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Orthopedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Elevated Expression of Lumican in Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Bone Metastasis through an Autocrine Regulatory Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010233. [PMID: 31963522 PMCID: PMC7016828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The microarray analysis of whole-genome expression indicated that the gene encoding the protein lumican, which is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, was highly expressed in osteotropic lung cancer cell lines with an enhanced capacity of bone metastasis. Methods: The expression of lumican in the osteotropic lung cancer cells was downregulated, and the in vitro migration, invasion, and adhesion of cancer cells to ECM components, and the in vivo bone metastasis capacity of these cells were examined. Exogenous lumican was provided to study the autocrine regulation mechanism of lumican in the bone metastasis of lung cancer cells. Results: Transfection with lumican-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in the osteotropic lung cancer cells reduced the establishment of in vivo bone metastasis, but not lung metastasis. Reduction in the expression of lumican also decreased the attachment of lung osteotropic cancer cells to several components of the ECM and suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro. Exogenous lumican restored these reduced capacities of lumican knockdown cells and promoted the seeding of lung cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Conclusions: These results suggested that lumican promotes the metastasis of lung cancer cells to the bones via an autocrine regulatory mechanism, and blocking this interaction may provide a new therapeutic approach to reduce bone metastasis in cases of lung cancer.
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24
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Keratan Sulphate in the Tumour Environment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:39-66. [PMID: 32266652 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keratan sulphate (KS) is a bioactive glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of some complexity composed of the repeat disaccharide D-galactose β1→4 glycosidically linked to N-acetyl glucosamine. During the biosynthesis of KS, a family of glycosyltransferase and sulphotransferase enzymes act sequentially and in a coordinated fashion to add D-galactose (D-Gal) then N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to a GlcNAc acceptor residue at the reducing terminus of a nascent KS chain to effect chain elongation. D-Gal and GlcNAc can both undergo sulphation at C6 but this occurs more frequently on GlcNAc than D-Gal. Sulphation along the developing KS chain is not uniform and contains regions of variable length where no sulphation occurs, regions which are monosulphated mainly on GlcNAc and further regions of high sulphation where both of the repeat disaccharides are sulphated. Each of these respective regions in the KS chain can be of variable length leading to KS complexity in terms of chain length and charge localization along the KS chain. Like other GAGs, it is these variably sulphated regions in KS which define its interactive properties with ligands such as growth factors, morphogens and cytokines and which determine the functional properties of tissues containing KS. Further adding to KS complexity is the identification of three different linkage structures in KS to asparagine (N-linked) or to threonine or serine residues (O-linked) in proteoglycan core proteins which has allowed the categorization of KS into three types, namely KS-I (corneal KS, N-linked), KS-II (skeletal KS, O-linked) or KS-III (brain KS, O-linked). KS-I to -III are also subject to variable addition of L-fucose and sialic acid groups. Furthermore, the GlcNAc residues of some members of the mucin-like glycoprotein family can also act as acceptor molecules for the addition of D-Gal and GlcNAc residues which can also be sulphated leading to small low sulphation glycoforms of KS. These differ from the more heavily sulphated KS chains found on proteoglycans. Like other GAGs, KS has evolved molecular recognition and information transfer properties over hundreds of millions of years of vertebrate and invertebrate evolution which equips them with cell mediatory properties in normal cellular processes and in aberrant pathological situations such as in tumourogenesis. Two KS-proteoglycans in particular, podocalyxin and lumican, are cell membrane, intracellular or stromal tissue-associated components with roles in the promotion or regulation of tumour development, mucin-like KS glycoproteins may also contribute to tumourogenesis. A greater understanding of the biology of KS may allow better methodology to be developed to more effectively combat tumourogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Rigoglio NN, Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Fratini P, Prazeres PHDM, Pimentel CMMM, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. The Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:1-38. [PMID: 32266651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the development and maintains tissue homeostasis. The ECM is composed of a complex network of molecules presenting distinct biochemical properties to regulate cell growth, survival, motility, and differentiation. Among their components, proteoglycans (PGs) are considered one of the main components of ECM. Its composition, biomechanics, and anisotropy are exquisitely tuned to reflect the physiological state of the tissue. The loss of ECM's homeostasis is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and, typically, defines transitional events in tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the types of proteoglycans and their roles in cancer. It has been observed that the amount of some ECM components is increased, while others are decreased, depending on the type of tumor. However, both conditions corroborate with tumor progression and malignancy. Therefore, ECM components have an increasingly important role in carcinogenesis and this leads us to believe that their understanding may be a key in the discovery of new anti-tumor therapies. In this book, the main ECM components will be discussed in more detail in each chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Karamanou K, Franchi M, Vynios D, Brézillon S. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invadopodia markers in breast cancer: Lumican a key regulator. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:125-133. [PMID: 31401293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A great hallmark of breast cancer is the absence or presence of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with a dominant role in cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer progression. Both receptors are related with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) since there is a relation between ERs and extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules expression, and therefore, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. The endocrine resistance of ERα endows epithelial cells with increased aggressiveness and induces cell proliferation, resulting into a mesenchymal phenotype and an EMT status. ERα signaling may affect the transcriptional factors which govern EMT. Knockdown or silencing of ERα and ERβ in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells respectively, provoked pivotal changes in phenotype, cellular functions, mRNA and protein levels of EMT markers, and consequently the EMT status. Mesenchymal cells owe their migratory and invasive properties to invadopodia, while in epithelial cells, lamellipodia and filopodia are mostly observed. Invadopodia, are actin-rich protrusions of plasma membrane, promoting proteolytic degradation of ECM and tumor invasion. Cortactin and MMP-14 govern the formation and principal functions of invadopodia. In vitro experiments proved that lumican inhibits cortactin and MMP-14 expression, alters the formation of lamellipodia and transforms mesenchymal cells into epithelial-like. Conclusively, lumican may inhibit or even reverse the several metastatic features that EMT endows in breast cancer cells. Therefore, a lumican-based anti-cancer therapy which will pharmacologically target and inhibit EMT might be interesting to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Demitrios Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.
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27
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Mohammadzadeh N, Lunde IG, Andenæs K, Strand ME, Aronsen JM, Skrbic B, Marstein HS, Bandlien C, Nygård S, Gorham J, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan lumican improves survival and counteracts cardiac dilatation and failure in mice subjected to pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9206. [PMID: 31235849 PMCID: PMC6591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a key step in transition to heart failure (HF) in response to pressure overload. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) contains fibrillar collagens and proteoglycans, important for maintaining tissue integrity. Alterations in collagen production and cross-linking are associated with cardiac LV dilatation and HF. Lumican (LUM) is a collagen binding proteoglycan with increased expression in hearts of patients and mice with HF, however, its role in cardiac function remains poorly understood. To examine the role of LUM in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling, we subjected LUM knock-out (LUMKO) mice to aortic banding (AB) and treated cultured cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) with LUM. LUMKO mice exhibited increased mortality 1-14 days post-AB. Echocardiography revealed increased LV dilatation, altered hypertrophic remodeling and exacerbated contractile dysfunction in surviving LUMKO 1-10w post-AB. LUMKO hearts showed reduced collagen expression and cross-linking post-AB. Transcriptional profiling of LUMKO hearts by RNA sequencing revealed 714 differentially expressed transcripts, with enrichment of cardiotoxicity, ECM and inflammatory pathways. CFB treated with LUM showed increased mRNAs for markers of myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation and expression of ECM molecules important for fibrosis, including collagens and collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, we report the novel finding that lack of LUM attenuates collagen cross-linking in the pressure-overloaded heart, leading to increased mortality, dilatation and contractile dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henriette S Marstein
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Bandlien
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, PhD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Life Sciences Center, West Tower, New York, NY, NY10011, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V T Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Peláez R, Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Larrayoz IM. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050615. [PMID: 31052560 PMCID: PMC6562994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions developed by transformed cells in 2D/3D environments that are implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation. These structures have an undoubted association with cancer invasion and metastasis because invadopodium formation in vivo is a key step for intra/extravasation of tumor cells. Invadopodia are closely related to other actin-rich structures known as podosomes, which are typical structures of normal cells necessary for different physiological processes during development and organogenesis. Invadopodia and podosomes are included in the general term 'invadosomes,' as they both appear as actin puncta on plasma membranes next to extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, although organization, regulation, and function are slightly different. Integrins are transmembrane proteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and other important processes such as molecular signaling, mechano-transduction, and cell functions, e.g., adhesion, migration, or invasion. It is noteworthy that integrin expression is altered in many tumors, and other pathologies such as cardiovascular or immune dysfunctions. Over the last few years, growing evidence has suggested a role of integrins in the formation of invadopodia. However, their implication in invadopodia formation and adhesion to the ECM is still not well known. This review focuses on the role of integrins in invadopodium formation and provides a general overview of the involvement of these proteins in the mechanisms of metastasis, taking into account classic research through to the latest and most advanced work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ana Pariente
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Sala
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
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29
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Small leucine-rich proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinase-14: Key partners? Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:271-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Zou W, Wan J, Li M, Xing J, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Gong Y. Small leucine rich proteoglycans in host immunity and renal diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:463-471. [PMID: 30357553 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), structurally consisting of protein cores and various glycosaminoglycan side chains, are grouped into five classes based on common structural and functional properties. Besides being an important structural component of extracellular matrix (ECM), SLRPs have been implicated in the complex network of signal transduction and host immune responses. The focus of this review is on SLRPs in host immunity. Because host immunity plays an important part in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, the role of SLRPs in this set of diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Junhui Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xing
- Department of Burn, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Aggelidakis J, Berdiaki A, Nikitovic D, Papoutsidakis A, Papachristou DJ, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Biglycan Regulates MG63 Osteosarcoma Cell Growth Through a LPR6/β-Catenin/IGFR-IR Signaling Axis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:470. [PMID: 30406034 PMCID: PMC6206209 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biglycan, a small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP), is an important participant in bone homeostasis and development as well as in bone pathology. In the present study biglycan was identified as a positive regulator of MG63 osteosarcoma cell growth (p ≤ 0.001). IGF-I was shown to increase biglycan expression (p ≤ 0.01), whereas biglycan-deficiency attenuated significantly both basal and IGF-I induced cell proliferation of MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.01, respectively). These effects were executed through the IGF-IR receptor whose activation was strongly attenuated (p ≤ 0.01) in biglycan-deficient MG63 cells. Biglycan, previously shown to regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was demonstrated to induce a significant increase in β-catenin protein expression evident at cytoplasmic (p ≤ 0.01), membrane (p ≤ 0.01), and nucleus fractions in MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.05). As demonstrated by immunofluorescence, increase in β-catenin expression is attributed to co-localization of biglycan with the Wnt co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) resulting in attenuated β-catenin degradation. Furthermore, applying anti-β-catenin and anti-pIGF-IR antibodies to MG-63 cells demonstrated a cytoplasmic and to the membrane interaction between these molecules that increased upon exogenous biglycan treatment. In parallel, the downregulation of biglycan significantly inhibited both basal and IGF-I-dependent ERK1/2 activation, (p ≤ 0.001). In summary, we report a novel mechanism where biglycan through a LRP6/β-catenin/IGF-IR signaling axis enhances osteosarcoma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aggelidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Papoutsidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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Karamanou K, Perrot G, Maquart FX, Brézillon S. Lumican as a multivalent effector in wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:344-351. [PMID: 29501701 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing, a complex physiological process, is responsible for tissue repair after exposure to destructive stimuli, without resulting in complete functional regeneration. Injuries can be stromal or epithelial, and most cases of wound repair have been studied in the skin and cornea. Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is expressed in the extracellular matrices of several tissues, such as the cornea, cartilage, and skin. This molecule has been shown to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis, keratinocyte phenotypes, and corneal transparency modulation. Lumican is also involved in the extravasation of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis, which are both critical in stromal wound healing. Lumican is the only member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family expressed by the epithelia during wound healing. This review summarizes the importance of lumican in wound healing and potential methods of lumican drug delivery to target wound repair are discussed. The involvement of lumican in corneal wound healing is described based on in vitro and in vivo models, with critical emphasis on its underlying mechanisms of action. Similarly, the expression and role of lumican in the healing of other tissues are presented, with emphasis on skin wound healing. Overall, lumican promotes normal wound repair and broadens new therapeutic perspectives for impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France
| | - Gwenn Perrot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Maquart
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; CHU Reims, Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France.
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Liu Y, Sun W, Ma X, Hao Y, Liu G, Hu X, Shang H, Wu P, Zhao Z, Liu W. Logistic regression analysis for the identification of the metastasis-associated signaling pathways of osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1233-1244. [PMID: 29328361 PMCID: PMC5819903 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common histological type of primary bone cancer. The present study was designed to identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the metastasis of OS. Microarray data of GSE39055 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 19 OS biopsy specimens before metastasis (control group) and 18 OS biopsy specimens after metastasis (case group). After the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Analysis package, hierarchical clustering analysis and unsupervised clustering analysis were performed separately, using orange software and the self-organization map method. Based upon the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tool and Cytoscape software, enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were conducted, respectively. After function deviation scores were calculated for the significantly enriched terms, hierarchical clustering analysis was performed using Cluster 3.0 software. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to identify the terms that were significantly different. Those terms that were significantly different were validated using other independent datasets. There were 840 DEGs in the case group. There were various interactions in the PPI network [including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1), TGFB1-platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB) and PDGFB-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRB)]. Regulation of cell migration, nucleotide excision repair, the Wnt signaling pathway and cell migration were identified as the terms that were significantly different. ICAM1, PDGFB, PDGFRB and TGFB1 were identified to be enriched in cell migration and regulation of cell migration. Nucleotide excision repair and the Wnt signaling pathway were the metastasis-associated pathways of OS. In addition, ICAM1, PDGFB, PDGFRB and TGFB1, which were involved in cell migration and regulation of cell migration may affect the metastasis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yuedong Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Houlai Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Zexue Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Krasanakis T, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN. Proteoglycans-Biomarkers and Targets in Cancer Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29559954 PMCID: PMC5845539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), important constituents of the extracellular matrix, have been associated with cancer pathogenesis. Their unique structure consisting of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan chains endowed with fine modifications constitutes these molecules as capable cellular effectors important for homeostasis and contributing to disease progression. Indeed, differential expression of PGs and their interacting proteins has been characterized as specific for disease evolvement in various cancer types. Importantly, PGs to a large extent regulate the bioavailability of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines as well as the activation of their respective receptors which regulate phenotypic diversibility, gene expression and rates of recurrence in specific tumor types. Defining and targeting these effectors on an individual patient basis offers ground for the development of newer therapeutic approaches which may act as either supportive or a substitute treatment to the standard therapy protocols. This review discusses the roles of PGs in cancer progression, developing technologies utilized for the defining of the PG "signature" in disease, and how this may facilitate the generation of tailor-made cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodoros Krasanakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Mahale A, Fikri F, Al Hati K, Al Shahwan S, Al Jadaan I, Al Katan H, Khandekar R, Maktabi A, Edward DP. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of capsular tissue around failed Ahmed glaucoma valves. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187506. [PMID: 29121102 PMCID: PMC5679546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Impervious encapsulation around Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) results in surgical failure raising intraocular pressure (IOP). Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and cellular factors might contribute to increased hydraulic resistance to aqueous drainage. Therefore, we examined these molecules in failed AGV capsular tissue. Immunostaining for ECM molecules (collagen I, collagen III, decorin, lumican, chondroitin sulfate, aggrecan and keratan sulfate) and cellular factors (αSMA and TGFβ) was performed on excised capsules from failed AGVs and control tenon’s tissue. Staining intensity of ECM molecules was assessed using Image J. Cellular factors were assessed based on positive cell counts. Histopathologically two distinct layers were visible in capsules. The inner layer (proximal to the AGV) showed significant decrease in most ECM molecules compared to outer layer. Furthermore, collagen III (p = 0.004), decorin (p = 0.02), lumican (p = 0.01) and chondroitin sulfate (p = 0.02) was significantly less in inner layer compared to tenon’s tissue. Outer layer labelling however was similar to control tenon’s for most ECM molecules. Significantly increased cellular expression of αSMA (p = 0.02) and TGFβ (p = 0.008) was detected within capsular tissue compared to controls. Our results suggest profibrotic activity indicated by increased αSMA and TGFβ expression and decreased expression of proteoglycan (decorin and lumican) and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate). Additionally, we observed decreased collagen III which might reflect increased myofibroblast contractility when coupled with increased TGFβ and αSMA expression. Together these events lead to tissue dysfunction potentially resulting in hydraulic resistance that may affect aqueous flow through the capsular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Mahale
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Fikri
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khitam Al Hati
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al Shahwan
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Jadaan
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Al Katan
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza Maktabi
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Proteoglycans remodeling in cancer: Underlying molecular mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:220-259. [PMID: 29128506 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic macromolecular network. Proteoglycans are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell signaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes. As multifunctional molecules, proteoglycans participate in various cell functions during morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interactions with matrix effectors, cell surface receptors and enzymes enable them with unique properties. In malignancy, extensive remodeling of tumor stroma is associated with marked alterations in proteoglycans' expression and structural variability. Proteoglycans exert diverse functions in tumor stroma in a cell-specific and context-specific manner and they mainly contribute to the formation of a permissive provisional matrix for tumor growth affecting tissue organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell signaling. Proteoglycans also modulate cancer cell phenotype and properties, the development of drug resistance and tumor stroma angiogenesis. This review summarizes the proteoglycans remodeling and their novel biological roles in malignancies with particular emphasis to the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Tzanakakis G, Kavasi RM, Voudouri K, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Tsatsakis A, Nikitovic D. Role of the extracellular matrix in cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:368-381. [PMID: 28758355 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a crucial component in the processes of morphogenesis and embryonic development. The transition of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is associated with numerous structural and functional changes, including loss of cell polarity and tight cell-cell junctions, the acquisition of invasive abilities, and the expression of mesenchymal proteins. The switch between the two phenotypes is involved in human pathology and is crucial for cancer progression. Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are multi-component networks that surround cells in tissues. These networks are obligatory for cell survival, growth, and differentiation as well as tissue organization. Indeed, the ECM suprastructure, in addition to its supportive role, can process and deliver a plethora of signals to cells, which ultimately regulate their behavior. Importantly, the ECM derived signals are critically involved in the process of EMT during tumorigenesis. This review discusses the multilayer interaction between the ECM and the EMT process, focusing on contributions of discrete mediators, a strategy that may identify novel potential target molecules. Developmental Dynamics 247:368-381, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kallirroi Voudouri
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Lumican expression in gastric cancer and its association with biological behavior and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5235-5240. [PMID: 29098025 PMCID: PMC5652231 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of lumican in human gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric tissues, and study its association with clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate. By using immunohistochemistry, the lumican expression patterns in 146 cases of gastric cancer with various clinicopathological characteristics 55 adjacent normal gastric tissue specimens was studied. And the significance of lumican expression regarding the biological behavior and survival of patients was evaluated. In adjacent normal gastric tissues, lumican was expressed weakly in 10.9% (6/55) of samples. By contrast, the lumican expression rate was 66.4% (97/146) in gastric cancer tissues. Lumican protein expression was closely associated with organ metastasis, lymphatic metastasis and histological type (P<0.05), but not with the tumor location, size, invasion depth or Borrmann type (P>0.05). The median survival time in patients with negative, weakly positive and strongly positive lumican expression was 46.3, 39.6 and 24.3 months, respectively (χ2=8.492; P=0.014). There was a significant association between lumican expression and invasive potential in gastric cancer; therefore, lumican may represent an independent prognostic factor.
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40
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Park JS, Pabst AM, Ackermann M, Moergel M, Jung J, Kasaj A. Biofunctionalization of porcine-derived collagen matrix using enamel matrix derivative and platelet-rich fibrin: influence on mature endothelial cell characteristics in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:909-917. [PMID: 28695450 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)-modified porcine-derived collagen matrix (PDCM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDCM (mucoderm®) was prepared to 6 mm (±0.1 mm) diameter discs. PDCM samples were incubated with either EMD, PRF, or control solutions for 100 min at 4 °C before the experiments. Cell-inducing properties of test materials on HUVEC cells were tested with cell proliferation assays (MTT, PrestoBlue®), a cytotoxicity assay (ToxiLight®), a Boyden chamber migration assay, and a cell attachment assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed to determine the surface and the architecture of the modified matrices. RESULTS Cell proliferation was elevated in the EMD and PRF groups compared with control (p each ≤0.046). PRF modification increased HUVEC migration ability by 8-fold compared with both control and EMD groups (p each <0.001). Both treatments significantly promoted the cell attachment of HUVEC to PDCM, as assessed by direct cell counts on the matrices (p each <0.001). CONCLUSIONS HUVEC cell characteristics were overall improved by EMD- and PRF- modified PDCM. Adsorbed bioactive molecules to the PDCM surface may have contributed to a more preferable environment to surrounding cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results may give evidence that PDCM modification with EMD or PRF, respectively, might be a useful approach to improve clinical outcomes, to prevent inflammatory reactions and wound-healing disturbances, and to expand the clinical application area of PDCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Park
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Max Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstr. 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Moergel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Junho Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Wang X, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Wu X, Chen X, Li J, Li C, Yan M, Zhu Z, Liu B, Su L. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Lumican promotes gastric cancer progression via the integrin β1-FAK signaling pathway. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:998-1010. [PMID: 28542982 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgery; Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200025 People's Republic of China
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de Wit M, Carvalho B, Delis-van Diemen PM, van Alphen C, Beliën JAM, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA. Lumican and versican protein expression are associated with colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174768. [PMID: 28481899 PMCID: PMC5421768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One prominent event associated with colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression is genomic instability. Approximately 85% of colorectal cancer cases exhibit chromosomal instability characterized by accumulation of chromosome copy number aberrations (CNAs). Adenomas with gain of chromosome 8q, 13q, and/or 20q are at high risk of progression to cancer. Tumor progression is also associated with expansion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the activation of non-malignant cells within the tumor stroma. The glycoproteins versican and lumican are overexpressed at the mRNA level in colon carcinomas compared to adenomas, and are associated with the formation of tumor stroma. Purpose The aim of this study was to characterize versican and lumican protein expression in tumor progression and investigate their association with CNAs commonly associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. Methods Tissue microarrays were constructed with colon adenomas and carcinomas that were characterized for MSI-status and DNA copy number gains of chromosomes 8q, 13q and 20q. Sections were immunohistochemically stained for lumican and versican. Protein expression levels were evaluated using digitized slides, and scores were finally dichotomized into a positive or negative score per sample. Results Lumican and versican expression were both observed in neoplastic cells and in the tumor stroma of colon adenomas and carcinomas. Lumican expression was more frequently present in epithelial cells of carcinomas than adenomas (49% versus 18%; P = 0.0001) and in high-risk adenomas and carcinomas combined compared to low-risk adenomas (43% versus 16%; P = 0.005). Versican staining in the tumor stroma was more often present in high-risk adenomas combined with carcinomas compared to low-risk adenomas (57% versus 36%; P = 0.03) and was associated with the presence of gain of 13q (71% versus 44%; P = 0.04). Conclusion Epithelial lumican and stromal versican protein expression are increased during colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pien M. Delis-van Diemen
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien van Alphen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A. M. Beliën
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remond J. A. Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lumican effectively regulates the estrogen receptors-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix effectors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45138. [PMID: 28332606 PMCID: PMC5362815 DOI: 10.1038/srep45138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumican is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that has been shown to contribute in several physiological processes, but also to exert anticancer activity. On the other hand, it has been recently shown that knockdown of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in low invasive MCF-7 (ERα+) breast cancer cells and the suppression of ERβ in highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 (ERβ+) cells significantly alter the functional properties of breast cancer cells and the gene expression profile of matrix macromolecules related to cancer progression and cell morphology. In this report, we evaluated the effects of lumican in respect to the ERs-associated breast cancer cell behaviour, before and after suppression of ERs, using scanning electron and confocal microscopies, qPCR and functional assays. Our data pinpointed that lumican significantly attenuated cell functional properties, including proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, it modified cell morphology, inducing cell-cell junctions, evoked EMT/MET reprogramming and suppressed the expression of major matrix effectors (matrix metalloproteinases and EGFR) implicated in breast cancer progression. The effects of lumican were found to be related to the type of breast cancer cells and the ERα/β type. These data support the anticancer activity of lumican and open a new area for the pharmacological targeting of the invasive breast cancer.
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Yang F, Wang N, Wang Y, Yu T, Wang H. Activin-SMAD signaling is required for maintenance of porcine iPS cell self-renewal through upregulation of NANOG and OCT4 expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2253-2262. [PMID: 27996082 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) retain the enormous potential for farm animal reproduction and translational medicine, and have been reported by many laboratories worldwide. Some piPSC lines were bFGF-dependence and showed mouse EpiSC-like morphology; other lines were LIF-dependence and showed mouse ESC-like morphology. Metastable state of piPSC line that required both LIF and bFGF was also reported. Because bona fide pig embryonic stem cells were not available, uncovering piPSC state-specific regulatory circuitries was the most important task. In this study, we explored the function of Activin-SMAD signaling pathway and its downstream activated target genes in piPSCs. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes involved in Activin-SMAD signaling pathway were evidently activated during porcine somatic cell reprogramming, regardless piPSCs were LIF- or bFGF-dependent. Addition of Activin A and overexpression of SMAD2/3 significantly promoted expressions of porcine NANOG and OCT4, whereas inhibition of Activin-SMAD signaling by SB431542 and SMAD7 reduced NANOG and OCT4 expressions, and induced piPSCs differentiation exiting from pluripotent state. Our data demonstrate that activation of Activin-SMAD signaling pathway by addition of Activin A in culture medium is necessary for maintenance of self-renewal in porcine pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Liu M, Xiusheng H, Xiao X, Wang Y. Overexpression of miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and enhances chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3371-3378. [PMID: 27779704 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant tumor that is mesenchymal in origin with a very low 5-year survival rate, particularly in the patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors and recurrent disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in essential biological processes as cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in normal or cancer cells, including OS cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-422a in OS. We demonstrated that miR-422a expression was significantly downregulated in OS tissues and cell lines compared with the normal controls. In addition, overexpression of miR-422a was able to inhibit cell proliferation and the ability of invasion, and enhance paclitaxel and cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in OS cells. Inversely, downregulation of miR-422a exhibited an opposite role. We further demonstrated that miR-422a directly targeted TGFβ2 and regulated its expression and the activation of downstream molecules, smad2 and smad3 in OS cells. Thus, miR-422a/TGFβ2/smad axis may be a potential target for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - He Xiusheng
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of ICU, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Wang GF, Qi B, Tu LL, Liu L, Yu GC, Zhong JX. Construction of adenovirus vectors encoding the lumican gene by gateway recombinant cloning technology. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1271-5. [PMID: 27672590 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct adenovirus vectors of lumican gene by gateway recombinant cloning technology to further understand the role of lumican gene in myopia. METHODS Gateway recombinant cloning technology was used to construct adenovirus vectors. The wild-type (wt) and mutant (mut) forms of the lumican gene were synthesized and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The lumican cDNA fragments were purified and ligated into the adenovirus shuttle vector pDown-multiple cloning site (MCS)-/internal ribozyme entry site (IRES)/enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Then the desired DNA fragments were integrated into the destination vector pAV.Des1d yielding the final expression constructs pAV.Ex1d-cytomegalovirus (CMV)>wt-lumican/IRES/EGFP and pAV.Ex1d-CMV>mut-lumican/IRES /EGFP, respectively. RESULTS The adenovirus plasmids pAV.Ex1d-CMV>wt-lumican/IRES/EGFP and pAV.Ex1d-CMV>mut-lumican/IRES/EGFP were successfully constructed by gateway recombinant cloning technology. Positive clones identified by PCR and sequencing were selected and packaged into recombinant adenovirus in HEK293 cells. CONCLUSION We construct adenovirus vectors containing the lumican gene by gateway recombinant cloning technology, which provides a basis for investigating the role of lumican gene in the pathogenesis of high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei-Lei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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Dupuis LE, Doucette L, Rice AK, Lancaster AE, Berger MG, Chakravarti S, Kern CB. Development of myotendinous-like junctions that anchor cardiac valves requires fibromodulin and lumican. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1029-42. [PMID: 27503167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many patients that exhibit connective tissue related cardiac malformations but do not have mutations in collagen genes. The Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (SLRP) fibromodulin (FMOD) and lumican (LUM) bind collagen and regulate fibril assembly in other biological contexts. RESULTS FMOD deficient mice and double deficient FMOD; LUM mice exhibited anomalies in regions where cardiac valve tissue interdigitates with adjacent muscle for support. Ectopic connective and/or myocardial tissue(s) was associated with the more severe cardiac valve anomalies in FMOD; LUM deficient mice. At postnatal day 0 (P0) there was an increase in the mesenchymal cell number in the regions where valve cusps anchor in FMOD; LUM deficient mice compared to WT. The cardiac valve anomalies correlated with the highest levels of FMOD expression in the heart and also where myotendinous junctions (MTJ) components biglycan, collagen type I alpha 1, and collagen type VI, are also localized. CONCLUSIONS The postnatal assembly of the collagen-rich ECM in regions where cardiac valves anchor, that we have designated 'myotendinous-like junctions' (MTLJ) requires the SLRPs FMOD and LUM. Moreover, FMOD and LUM may facilitate mesenchymal cell differentiation in late stages of cardiac valve development. Developmental Dynamics 245:1029-1042, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lorna Doucette
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - A Kittrell Rice
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ashton E Lancaster
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Matthew G Berger
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine B Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Abstract
The discovery of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands and the realization that their bioactivities need to be tightly controlled temporally and spatially led to intensive research that has identified a multitude of extracellular modulators of TGF-β family ligands, uncovered their functions in developmental and pathophysiological processes, defined the mechanisms of their activities, and explored potential modulator-based therapeutic applications in treating human diseases. These studies revealed a diverse repertoire of extracellular and membrane-associated molecules that are capable of modulating TGF-β family signals via control of ligand availability, processing, ligand-receptor interaction, and receptor activation. These molecules include not only soluble ligand-binding proteins that were conventionally considered as agonists and antagonists of TGF-β family of growth factors, but also extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteoglycans that can serve as "sink" and control storage and release of both the TGF-β family ligands and their regulators. This extensive network of soluble and ECM modulators helps to ensure dynamic and cell-specific control of TGF-β family signals. This article reviews our knowledge of extracellular modulation of TGF-β growth factors by diverse proteins and their molecular mechanisms to regulate TGF-β family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Nikitovic D, Kavasi RM, Berdiaki A, Papachristou DJ, Tsiaoussis J, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide regulate osteosarcoma cell functions: Focus on the extracellular matrix (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1787-92. [PMID: 27499459 PMCID: PMC5022866 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor of mesenchymal origin mostly affecting children and adolescents. The OS extracellular matrix (ECM) is extensively altered as compared to physiological bone tissue. Indeed, the main characteristic of the most common osteoblastic subtype of OS is non-mineralized osteoid production. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. The PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) may be comprised of 139, 141 or 173 amino acids and exhibits considerate N-terminal amino acid sequence homology with PTH. The function of PTH/PTHrP is executed through the activation of the PTH receptor 1 (PTHR1) and respective downstream intracellular pathways which regulate skeletal development, bone turnover and mineral ion homeostasis. Both PTHR1 and its PTH/PTHrP ligands have been shown to be expressed in OS and to affect the functions of these tumor cells. This review aims to highlight the less well known aspects of PTH/PTHrP functions in the progression of OS by focusing on ECM-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Department of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Comparative proteomics analysis of human osteosarcoma by 2D DIGE with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:147-152. [PMID: 28008374 PMCID: PMC5154703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone and the third most common cancer in childhood and adolescence. However, controversy concerning the ideal combination of chemotherapy agents ensued throughout the last quarter of the 20th century because of conflicting and often nonrandomized data. Collaborative efforts to increase understanding of the biology of osteosarcoma and the use of preclinical models to test novel protein targets will be critical to identify the path toward improving outcomes for patients. We attempted to identify potential protein markers or therapy targets of osteosarcoma and give a glance at tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. A sensitive and accurate method was employed in comparative proteomic analysis between benign tumor and osteosarcoma. Tumor tissues obtained by open biopsy before induction chemotherapy were investigated With 2D DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, 22 differentially expressed proteins were identified after database searching, including 8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated proteins. We also validated the expression levels of interesting proteins(have higher Ratios(tumor/normal)) by Western blotting assay. Annotating by bioinformatic tools, we found structural and signal transduction associated proteins were in large percentage among altered level proteins. In particular, some low abundant proteins involving translation and transcription, such as EEF2(Elongation Factor 2), LUM Lumican 23 kDa Protein) and GTF2A2(Transcription Initiation Factor Iia Gamma Chain.), were firstly reported by our study comparing to previous observations. Our findings suggest that these differential proteins may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis or molecules for understanding of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, coming with biologic, preclinical, and clinical trial efforts being described to improve outcomes for patients.
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