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Soltanmohammadi F, Gharehbaba AM, Zangi AR, Adibkia K, Javadzadeh Y. Current knowledge of hybrid nanoplatforms composed of exosomes and organic/inorganic nanoparticles for disease treatment and cell/tissue imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117248. [PMID: 39098179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosome-nanoparticle hybrid nanoplatforms, can be prepared by combining exosomes with different types of nanoparticles. The main purpose of combining exosomes with nanoparticles is to overcome the limitations of using each of them as drug delivery systems. Using nanoparticles for drug delivery has some limitations, such as high immunogenicity, poor cellular uptake, low biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, low stability, and rapid clearance by immune cells. However, using exosomes as drug delivery systems also has its own drawbacks, such as poor encapsulation efficiency, low production yield, and the inability to load large molecules. These limitations can be addressed by utilizing hybrid nanoplatforms. Additionally, the use of exosomes allows for targeted delivery within the hybrid system. Exosome-inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles may be used for both therapy and diagnosis in the future. This may lead to the development of personalized medicine using hybrid nanoparticles. However, there are a few challenges associated with this. Surface modifications, adding functional groups, surface charge adjustments, and preparing nanoparticles with the desired size are crucial to the possibility of preparing exosome-nanoparticle hybrids. Additional challenges for the successful implementation of hybrid platforms in medical treatments and diagnostics include scaling up the manufacturing process and ensuring consistent quality and reproducibility across various batches. This review focuses on various types of exosome-nanoparticle hybrid systems and also discusses the preparation and loading methods for these hybrid nanoplatforms. Furthermore, the potential applications of these hybrid nanocarriers in drug/gene delivery, disease treatment and diagnosis, and cell/tissue imaging are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltanmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Mahmoudi Gharehbaba
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Zeng X, Liu T, Tang S, Dong X, Li Y, Liao L, Chen S, Chen L, Kong J, Dai Z, Feng K, Wong YH, Xie Q. Exosomal miR-7-25207 Increases Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Titers by Targeting the Akt-CyclinQ1 and PRC1-YAF2 Dual Pathways. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1495. [PMID: 39065263 PMCID: PMC11279298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is a major pathogen in poultry, causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Exosomal small RNAs derived from virus-infected cells or biological fluids can serve as viral transmission vectors. However, the role and mechanism of exosomal miRNA in ALV-J infection are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that exosomal microRNA-7-25207 (miR-7-25207) could increase the titers of ALV-J. Exosomes isolated from ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells (Exo-ALV-J) contained partial viral proteins from ALV-J and could transmit the infection to uninfected DF-1 cells, leading to productive infection. Additionally, the RNA expression profile of exosomes was altered following ALV-J infection. miRNA analysis revealed that the expression of exosomal miR-7-25207 increased. Overexpression of miR-7-25207 significantly increased the titers of ALV-J in transfected cells. Furthermore, miR-7-25207 directly suppressed the expression of Akt and PRC1. Akt, in turn, directly inhibited CyclinQ1 expression, while PRC1 directly interfered with YAF2 expression. In conclusion, ALV-J infection activates the expression of miR-7-25207, which is subsequently delivered via exosomes to uninfected cells, increasing ALV-J titers by targeting Akt-CyclinQ1 and PRC1-YAF2 dual pathways. These findings suggest that exosomal miR-7-25207 may serve as a potential biomarker for clinical parameters in ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (S.T.); (X.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (S.T.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; (S.T.); (X.D.)
| | - Yajuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liqin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yung-Hou Wong
- Division of Life Sciences, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (J.K.); (Z.D.); (K.F.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Dharan R, Sorkin R. Tetraspanin proteins in membrane remodeling processes. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261532. [PMID: 39051897 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling is a fundamental cellular process that is crucial for physiological functions such as signaling, membrane fusion and cell migration. Tetraspanins (TSPANs) are transmembrane proteins of central importance to membrane remodeling events. During these events, TSPANs are known to interact with themselves and other proteins and lipids; however, their mechanism of action in controlling membrane dynamics is not fully understood. Since these proteins span the membrane, membrane properties such as rigidity, curvature and tension can influence their behavior. In this Review, we summarize recent studies that explore the roles of TSPANs in membrane remodeling processes and highlight the unique structural features of TSPANs that mediate their interactions and localization. Further, we emphasize the influence of membrane curvature on TSPAN distribution and membrane domain formation and describe how these behaviors affect cellular functions. This Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted function of TSPANs in membrane remodeling processes and can help readers to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern cellular membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviv Dharan
- School of Chemistry , Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry , Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems , Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Mrozowska M, Górnicki T, Olbromski M, Partyńska AI, Dzięgiel P, Rusak A. New insights into the role of tetraspanin 6, 7, and 8 in physiology and pathology. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7390. [PMID: 39031113 PMCID: PMC11258570 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family comprises 33 membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes in humans. Tetrasapanins are surface proteins expressed in cells of various organisms. They are localised to the cell membrane by four transmembrane domains (TM4SF). These domains bind several cell surface receptors and signalling proteins to tetraspanin-enriched lipid microdomains (TERM or TEM). Tetraspanins play a critical role in anchoring many proteins. They also act as a scaffold for cell signalling proteins. AIM To summarise how tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 contribute to the carcinogenesis process in different types of cancer. METHODS To provide a comprehensive review of the role of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8 in cancer biology, we conducted a thorough search in PubMed, Embase and performed manual search of reference list to collect and extract data. DISCUSSION The assembly of tetraspanins covers an area of approximately 100-400 nm. Tetraspanins are involved in various biological processes such as membrane fusion, aggregation, proliferation, adhesion, cell migration and differentiation. They can also regulate integrins, cell surface receptors and signalling molecules. Tetraspanins form direct bonds with proteins and other members of the tetraspanin family, forming a hierarchical network of interactions and are thought to be involved in cell and membrane compartmentalisation. Tetraspanins have been implicated in cancer progression and have been shown to have multiple binding partners and to promote cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical studies have documented a correlation between the level of tetraspanin expression and the prediction of cancer progression, including breast and lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Tetraspanins are understudied in almost all cell types and their functions are not clearly defined. Fortunately, it has been possible to identify the basic mechanisms underlying the biological role of these proteins. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the roles of tetraspanins 6, 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Tomasz Górnicki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Aleksandra Izabela Partyńska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of PhysiotherapyWroclaw University of Health and Sport SciencesWroclawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and EmbryologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
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Mao L, Liu S, Chen Y, Huang H, Ding F, Deng L. Engineered exosomes: a potential therapeutic strategy for septic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1399738. [PMID: 39006168 PMCID: PMC11239395 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1399738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy, a life-threatening complication of sepsis, can cause acute heart failure and carry a high mortality risk. Current treatments have limitations. Fortunately, engineered exosomes, created through bioengineering technology, may represent a potential new treatment method. These exosomes can both diagnose and treat septic cardiomyopathy, playing a crucial role in its development and progression. This article examines the strategies for using engineered exosomes to protect cardiac function and treat septic cardiomyopathy. It covers three innovative aspects: exosome surface modification technology, the use of exosomes as a multifunctional drug delivery platform, and plant exosome-like nanoparticle carriers. The article highlights the ability of exosomes to deliver small molecules, proteins, and drugs, summarizing several RNA molecules, proteins, and drugs beneficial for treating septic cardiomyopathy. Although engineered exosomes are a promising biotherapeutic carrier, they face challenges in clinical application, such as understanding the interaction mechanism with host cells, distribution within the body, metabolism, and long-term safety. Further research is essential, but engineered exosomes hold promise as an effective treatment for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huiyi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Outpatient Appointment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Toomajian V, Tundo A, Ural EE, Greeson EM, Contag CH, Makela AV. Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30860-30873. [PMID: 38860682 PMCID: PMC11194773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer remains high worldwide and is associated with a significant risk of metastasis to the brain that can be fatal; this is due, in part, to the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to cross the BBB and further have been used to deliver drugs to tumors. EVs from different cell types appear to have different patterns of accumulation and retention as well as the efficiency of bioactive cargo delivery to recipient cells in the body. Engineering EVs as delivery tools to treat brain metastases, therefore, will require an understanding of the timing of EV accumulation and their localization relative to metastatic sites. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a sensitive and quantitative imaging method that directly detects superparamagnetic iron. Here, we demonstrate MPI as a novel tool to characterize EV biodistribution in metastatic disease after labeling EVs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Iron-labeled EVs (FeEVs) were collected from iron-labeled parental primary 4T1 tumor cells and brain-seeking 4T1BR5 cells, followed by injection into the mice with orthotopic tumors or brain metastases. MPI quantification revealed that FeEVs were retained for longer in orthotopic mammary carcinomas compared to SPIOs. MPI signal due to iron could only be detected in brains of mice bearing brain metastases after injection of FeEVs, but not SPIOs, or FeEVs when mice did not have brain metastases. These findings indicate the potential use of EVs as a therapeutic delivery tool in primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria
A. Toomajian
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Anthony Tundo
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Evran E. Ural
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Emily M. Greeson
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Christopher H. Contag
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ashley V. Makela
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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René CA, Parks RJ. Bioengineering extracellular vesicle cargo for optimal therapeutic efficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101259. [PMID: 38770107 PMCID: PMC11103572 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the innate ability to carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells, and thus these vesicles have gained much attention as potential therapeutic delivery vehicles. Many strategies have been explored to enhance the loading of specific cargoes of interest into EVs, which could result in the delivery of more therapeutic to recipient cells, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss the natural biogenesis of EVs, the mechanism by which proteins and nucleic acids are selected for inclusion in EVs, and novel methods that have been employed to enhance loading of specific cargoes into EVs. As well, we discuss biodistribution of administered EVs in vivo and summarize clinical trials that have attempted to harness the therapeutic potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. René
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robin J. Parks
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
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Zhong H, Zhou S, Yin S, Qiu Y, Liu B, Yu H. Tumor microenvironment as niche constructed by cancer stem cells: Breaking the ecosystem to combat cancer. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00251-0. [PMID: 38866179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct subpopulation of cancer cells with the capacity to constantly self-renew and differentiate, and they are the main driver in the progression of cancer resistance and relapse. The tumor microenvironment (TME) constructed by CSCs is the "soil" adapted to tumor growth, helping CSCs evade immune killing, enhance their chemical resistance, and promote cancer progression. AIM OF REVIEW We aim to elaborate the tight connection between CSCs and immunosuppressive components of the TME. We attempt to summarize and provide a therapeutic strategy to eradicate CSCs based on the destruction of the tumor ecological niche. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three main key concepts. First, we highlight that CSCs recruit and transform normal cells to construct the TME, which further provides ecological niche support for CSCs. Second, we describe the main characteristics of the immunosuppressive components of the TME, targeting strategies and summarize the progress of corresponding drugs in clinical trials. Third, we explore the multilevel insights of the TME to serve as an ecological niche for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Phillips D, Noble D. Bubbling beyond the barrier: exosomal RNA as a vehicle for soma-germline communication. J Physiol 2024; 602:2547-2563. [PMID: 37936475 DOI: 10.1113/jp284420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
'Weismann's barrier' has restricted theories of heredity to the transmission of genomic variation for the better part of a century. However, the discovery and elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation such as DNA methylation and histone modifications has renewed interest in studies on the inheritance of acquired traits and given them mechanistic plausibility. Although it is now clear that these mechanisms allow many environmentally acquired traits to be transmitted to the offspring, how phenotypic information is communicated from the body to its gametes has remained a mystery. Here, we discuss recent evidence that such communication is mediated by somatic RNAs that travel inside extracellular vesicles to the gametes where they reprogram the offspring epigenome and phenotype. How gametes learn about bodily changes has implications not only for the clinic, but also for evolutionary theory by bringing together intra- and intergenerational mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Phillips
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Noble
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Manni G, Gargaro M, Ricciuti D, Fontana S, Padiglioni E, Cipolloni M, Mazza T, Rosati J, di Veroli A, Mencarelli G, Pieroni B, Silva Barcelos EC, Scalisi G, Sarnari F, di Michele A, Pascucci L, de Franco F, Zelante T, Antognelli C, Cruciani G, Talesa VN, Romani R, Fallarino F. Amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles educate type 2 conventional dendritic cells to rescue autoimmune disorders in a multiple sclerosis mouse model. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12446. [PMID: 38844736 PMCID: PMC11156524 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential orchestrators of immune responses and represent potential targets for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases. Human amniotic fluid secretome is abundant in immunoregulatory factors, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) being a significant component. However, the impact of these EVs on dendritic cells subsets remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the interaction between highly purified dendritic cell subsets and EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cell lines (HAFSC-EVs). Our results suggest that HAFSC-EVs are preferentially taken up by conventional dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2) through CD29 receptor-mediated internalization, resulting in a tolerogenic DC phenotype characterized by reduced expression and production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, treatment of cDC2 cells with HAFSC-EVs in coculture systems resulted in a higher proportion of T cells expressing the regulatory T cell marker Foxp3 compared to vehicle-treated control cells. Moreover, transfer of HAFSC-EV-treated cDC2s into an EAE mouse model resulted in the suppression of autoimmune responses and clinical improvement. These results suggest that HAFSC-EVs may serve as a promising tool for reprogramming inflammatory cDC2s towards a tolerogenic phenotype and for controlling autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, representing a potential platform for the study of the effects of EVs in DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D) School of MedicineUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | | | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Alessandra di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Alessandro di Michele
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Department of Physics and GeologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Rita Romani
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Extracellular Vesicles network (EV‐net) of the University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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11
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Nishida‐Aoki N, Ochiya T. Impacts of tissue context on extracellular vesicles-mediated cancer-host cell communications. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1726-1737. [PMID: 38532284 PMCID: PMC11145126 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissue is densely packed with cancer cells, non-cancerous cells, and ECM, forming functional structures. Cancer cells transfer extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modify surrounding normal cells into cancer-promoting cells, establishing a tumor-favorable environment together with other signaling molecules and structural components. Such tissue environments largely affect cancer cell properties, and so as EV-mediated cellular communications within tumor tissue. However, current research on EVs focuses on functional analysis of vesicles isolated from the liquid phase, including cell culture supernatants and blood draws, 2D-cultured cell assays, or systemic analyses on animal models for biodistribution. Therefore, we have a limited understanding of local EV transfer within tumor tissues. In this review, we discuss the need to study EVs in a physiological tissue context by summarizing the current findings on the impacts of tumor tissue environment on cancer EV properties and transfer and the techniques required for the analysis. Tumor tissue environment is likely to alter EV properties, pose physical barriers, interactions, and interstitial flows for the dynamics, and introduce varieties in the cell types taken up. Utilizing physiological experimental settings and spatial analyses, we need to tackle the remaining questions on physiological EV-mediated cancer-host cell interactions. Understanding cancer EV-mediated cellular communications in physiological tumor tissues will lead to developing interaction-targeting therapies and provide insight into EV-mediated non-cancerous cells and interspecies interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Center for Future Medical Research, Institute of Medical ScienceTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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12
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Lv X, Yang L, Xie Y, Momeni MR. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: insights into their functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1397788. [PMID: 38859962 PMCID: PMC11163066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1397788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer worldwide Research points to the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in controlling and managing the pathology by controlling essential pathways. ncRNAs have all been identified as being either up- or downregulated among individuals suffering from lung cancer thus hinting that they may play a role in either promoting or suppressing the spread of the disease. Several ncRNAs could be effective non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose or even serve as effective treatment options for those with lung cancer, and several molecules have emerged as potential targets of interest. Given that ncRNAs are contained in exosomes and are implicated in the development and progression of the malady. Herein, we have summarized the role of ncRNAs in lung cancer. Moreover, we highlight the role of exosomal ncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Sharma A, Yadav A, Nandy A, Ghatak S. Insight into the Functional Dynamics and Challenges of Exosomes in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Precision Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:709. [PMID: 38931833 PMCID: PMC11206934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Of all the numerous nanosized extracellular vesicles released by a cell, the endosomal-originated exosomes are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutics, owing to their inherent stability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review critically evaluates the transformative potential of exosome-based modalities across pharmaceutical and precision medicine landscapes. Because of their precise targeted biomolecular cargo delivery, exosomes are posited as ideal candidates in drug delivery, enhancing regenerative medicine strategies, and advancing diagnostic technologies. Despite the significant market growth projections of exosome therapy, its utilization is encumbered by substantial scientific and regulatory challenges. These include the lack of universally accepted protocols for exosome isolation and the complexities associated with navigating the regulatory environment, particularly the guidelines set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This review presents a comprehensive overview of current research trajectories aimed at addressing these impediments and discusses prospective advancements that could substantiate the clinical translation of exosomal therapies. By providing a comprehensive analysis of both the capabilities and hurdles inherent to exosome therapeutic applications, this article aims to inform and direct future research paradigms, thereby fostering the integration of exosomal systems into mainstream clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhadip Ghatak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (A.S.); (A.Y.); (A.N.)
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14
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Carreca AP, Tinnirello R, Miceli V, Galvano A, Gristina V, Incorvaia L, Pampalone M, Taverna S, Iannolo G. Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Implementation in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1967. [PMID: 38893088 PMCID: PMC11171234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with around 1.8 million deaths in 2020. For this reason, there is an enormous interest in finding early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic approaches, one of which is extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanoscale membranous particles that can carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), mediating various biological processes, especially in cell-cell communication. As such, they represent an interesting biomarker for diagnostic analysis that can be performed easily by liquid biopsy. Moreover, their growing dataset shows promising results as drug delivery cargo. The aim of our work is to summarize the recent advances in and possible implications of EVs for early diagnosis and innovative therapies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosaria Tinnirello
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
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15
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Chen X, Song X, Li J, Wang J, Yan Y, Yang F. Integrated proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and N-glycoproteomic analyses of small extracellular vesicles from C2C12 myoblasts identify specific PTM patterns in ligand-receptor interactions. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:273. [PMID: 38755675 PMCID: PMC11097525 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication by transferring of functional components (proteins, RNAs, and lipids) to recipient cells. Some PTMs, including phosphorylation and N-glycosylation, have been reported to play important role in EV biology, such as biogenesis, protein sorting and uptake of sEVs. MS-based proteomic technology has been applied to identify proteins and PTM modifications in sEVs. Previous proteomic studies of sEVs from C2C12 myoblasts, an important skeletal muscle cell line, focused on identification of proteins, but no PTM information on sEVs proteins is available.In this study, we systematically analyzed the proteome, phosphoproteome, and N-glycoproteome of sEVs from C2C12 myoblasts with LC-MS/MS. In-depth analyses of the three proteomic datasets revealed that the three proteomes identified different catalogues of proteins, and PTMomic analysis could expand the identification of cargos in sEVs. At the proteomic level, a high percentage of membrane proteins, especially tetraspanins, was identified. The sEVs-derived phosphoproteome had a remarkably high level of tyrosine-phosphorylated sites. The tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins might be involved with EPH-Ephrin signaling pathway. At the level of N-glycoproteomics, several glycoforms, such as complex N-linked glycans and sialic acids on glycans, were enriched in sEVs. Retrieving of the ligand-receptor interaction in sEVs revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) represented the most abundant ligand-receptor pairs in sEVs. Mapping the PTM information on the ligands and receptors revealed that N-glycosylation mainly occurred on ECM and CAM proteins, while phosphorylation occurred on different categories of receptors and ligands. A comprehensive PTM map of ECM-receptor interaction and their components is also provided.In summary, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic and PTMomic analysis of sEVs of C2C12 myoblasts. Integrated proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and N-glycoproteomic analysis of sEVs might provide some insights about their specific uptake mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xi Song
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaran Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yumeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Choi W, Park DJ, Eliceiri BP. Defining tropism and activity of natural and engineered extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363185. [PMID: 38660297 PMCID: PMC11039936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have important roles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with physiological functions demonstrated in various in vivo models. Despite advances in our understanding of the biological function of EVs and their potential for use as therapeutics, there are limitations to the clinical approaches for which EVs would be effective. A primary determinant of the biodistribution of EVs is the profile of proteins and other factors on the surface of EVs that define the tropism of EVs in vivo. For example, proteins displayed on the surface of EVs can vary in composition by cell source of the EVs and the microenvironment into which EVs are delivered. In addition, interactions between EVs and recipient cells that determine uptake and endosomal escape in recipient cells affect overall systemic biodistribution. In this review, we discuss the contribution of the EV donor cell and the role of the microenvironment in determining EV tropism and thereby determining the uptake and biological activity of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooil Choi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dong Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brian P. Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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17
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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18
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Chak PT, Kam NW, Choi TH, Dai W, Kwong DLW. Unfolding the Complexity of Exosome-Cellular Interactions on Tumour Immunity and Their Clinical Prospects in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:919. [PMID: 38473281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy situated in the posterolateral nasopharynx. NPC poses grave concerns in Southeast Asia due to its late diagnosis. Together with resistance to standard treatment combining chemo- and radiotherapy, NPC presents high metastatic rates and common recurrence. Despite advancements in immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes (CTLs)-based cellular therapy, the exhaustive T cell profile and other signs of immunosuppression within the NPC tumour microenvironment (TME) remain as concerns to immunotherapy response. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, are increasingly studied and linked to tumourigenesis in oncology. These bilipid-membrane-bound vesicles are packaged with a variety of signalling molecules, mediating cell-cell communications. Within the TME, exosomes can originate from tumour, immune, or stromal cells. Although there are studies on tumour-derived exosomes (TEX) in NPC and their effects on tumour processes like angiogenesis, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, there is a lack of research on their involvement in immune evasion. In this review, we aim to enhance the comprehension of how NPC TEX contribute to cellular immunosuppression. Furthermore, considering the detectability of TEX in bodily fluids, we will also discuss the potential development of TEX-related biomarkers for liquid biopsy in NPC as this could facilitate early diagnosis and prognostication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paak-Ting Chak
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsz-Ho Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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19
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Liu X, Cao Y, Wang S, Liu J, Hao H. Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:295-311. [PMID: 37581742 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles that are actively released by cells, contain a variety of biologically active substances, serve as significant mediators of intercellular communication, and participate in many processes, in health and pathologically. Compared with traditional nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs), EVs have unique advantages due to their natural physiological properties, such as their biocompatibility, stability, ability to cross barriers, and inherent homing properties. A growing number of studies have reported that EVs deliver therapeutic proteins, small-molecule drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs, therapeutic proteins, and nanomaterials for targeted therapy in various diseases. However, due to the lack of standardized techniques for isolating, quantifying, and characterizing EVs; lower-than-anticipated drug loading efficiency; insufficient clinical production; and potential safety concerns, the practical application of EVs still faces many challenges. Here, we systematically review the current commonly used methods for isolating EVs, summarize the types and methods of loading therapeutic drugs into EVs, and discuss the latest progress in applying EVs as NDDs. Finally, we present the challenges that hinder the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfang Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 17 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Pan X, Li Y, Huang P, Staecker H, He M. Extracellular vesicles for developing targeted hearing loss therapy. J Control Release 2024; 366:460-478. [PMID: 38182057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Substantial efforts have been made for local administration of small molecules or biologics in treating hearing loss diseases caused by either trauma, genetic mutations, or drug ototoxicity. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells have drawn increasing attention on attenuating hearing impairment from both preclinical studies and clinical studies. Highly emerging field utilizing diverse bioengineering technologies for developing EVs as the bioderived therapeutic materials, along with artificial intelligence (AI)-based targeting toolkits, shed the light on the unique properties of EVs specific to inner ear delivery. This review will illuminate such exciting research field from fundamentals of hearing protective functions of EVs to biotechnology advancement and potential clinical translation of functionalized EVs. Specifically, the advancements in assessing targeting ligands using AI algorithms are systematically discussed. The overall translational potential of EVs is reviewed in the context of auditory sensing system for developing next generation gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States.
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.
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21
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Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 1-Characterization, quantification and isolation techniques. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:231-256. [PMID: 37740431 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with a diameter in the range of 30-150 nm. Their use has gained great momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as diagnostic tools with a vast array of therapeutic applications. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be investigated. This review article first focuses on understanding exosomes, including their cellular origin, biogenesis, function, and characterization. Thereafter, overviews of the quantification methods and isolation techniques are given with discussion over their potential use as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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22
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Yang Q, Li S, Ou H, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Li S, Lei L. Exosome-based delivery strategies for tumor therapy: an update on modification, loading, and clinical application. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:41. [PMID: 38281957 PMCID: PMC10823703 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is a major public health problem and among the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Although the current tumor treatment methods have therapeutic effect to a certain extent, they still have some shortcomings such as poor water solubility, short half-life, local and systemic toxicity. Therefore, how to deliver therapeutic agent so as to realize safe and effective anti-tumor therapy become a problem urgently to be solved in this field. As a medium of information exchange and material transport between cells, exosomes are considered to be a promising drug delivery carrier due to their nano-size, good biocompatibility, natural targeting, and easy modification. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the isolation, identification, drug loading, and modification of exosomes as drug carriers for tumor therapy alongside their application in tumor therapy. Basic knowledge of exosomes, such as their biogenesis, sources, and characterization methods, is also introduced herein. In addition, challenges related to the use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles are discussed, along with future trends. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of exosome delivery systems in oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Haibo Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shaohong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Lam JSW, Fan H, Fu NY. Molecular Regulation and Oncogenic Functions of TSPAN8. Cells 2024; 13:193. [PMID: 38275818 PMCID: PMC10814125 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of small integral membrane proteins, are characterized by four transmembrane domains and conserved protein motifs that are configured into a unique molecular topology and structure in the plasma membrane. They act as key organizers of the plasma membrane, orchestrating the formation of specialized microdomains called "tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs)" or "tetraspanin nanodomains" that are essential for mediating diverse biological processes. TSPAN8 is one of the earliest identified tetraspanin members. It is known to interact with a wide range of molecular partners in different cellular contexts and regulate diverse molecular and cellular events at the plasma membrane, including cell adhesion, migration, invasion, signal transduction, and exosome biogenesis. The functions of cell-surface TSPAN8 are governed by ER targeting, modifications at the Golgi apparatus and dynamic trafficking. Intriguingly, limited evidence shows that TSPAN8 can translocate to the nucleus to act as a transcriptional regulator. The transcription of TSPAN8 is tightly regulated and restricted to defined cell lineages, where it can serve as a molecular marker of stem/progenitor cells in certain normal tissues as well as tumors. Importantly, the oncogenic roles of TSPAN8 in tumor development and cancer metastasis have gained prominence in recent decades. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge on the molecular characteristics and regulatory mechanisms defining TSPAN8 functions, and discuss the potential and significance of TSPAN8 as a biomarker and therapeutic target across various epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne Shi Woon Lam
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Goudarzi F, Jajarmi V, Shojaee S, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Formulation and evaluation of atovaquone-loaded macrophage-derived exosomes against Toxoplasma gondii: in vitro and in vivo assessment. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0308023. [PMID: 38014940 PMCID: PMC10782982 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03080-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study is the first of its kind that suggests exosomes as a nano-carrier loaded with atovaquone (ATQ), which could be considered as a new strategy for improving the effectiveness of ATQ against acute and chronic phases of Toxoplasma gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Goudarzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Jajarmi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Xie Q, Hao Y, Li N, Song H, Chen X, Zhou Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li H, Han P, Wang X. Cellular Uptake of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: Biomechanisms, Engineered Strategies, and Disease Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302280. [PMID: 37812035 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-enclosed nanosized membrane vesicles, are regarded as new vehicles and therapeutic agents in intercellular communication. During internal circulation, if EVs are not effectively taken up by recipient cells, they will be cleared as "cellular waste" and unable to deliver therapeutic components. It can be seen that cells uptake EVs are the prerequisite premise for sharing intercellular biological information. However, natural EVs have a low rate of absorption by their recipient cells, off-target delivery, and rapid clearance from circulation, which seriously reduces the utilization rate. Affecting the uptake rate of EVs through engineering technologies is essential for therapeutic applications. Engineering strategies for customizing EV uptake can potentially overcome these limitations and enable desirable therapeutic uses of EVs. In this review, the mechanism and influencing factors of natural EV uptake will be described in detail. Targeting each EV uptake mechanism, the strategies of engineered EVs and their application in diseases will be emphatically discussed. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives of engineered EVs are presented multidimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpeng Xie
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Na Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haoyue Song
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zilan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huifei Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Pengcheng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Ahmed W, Huang S, Chen L. Engineered exosomes derived from stem cells: a new brain-targeted strategy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:91-110. [PMID: 38258509 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using engineered exosomes produced from stem cells is an experimental therapeutic approach for treating brain diseases. According to reports, preclinical research has demonstrated notable neurogenesis and angiogenesis effects using modified stem cell-derived exosomes. These biological nanoparticles have a variety of anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that make them very promising for treating nervous system disorders. AREAS COVERED This review examines different ways to enhance the delivery of modified stem cell-derived exosomes, how they infiltrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and how they facilitate their access to the brain. We would also like to determine whether these nanoparticles have the most significant transmission rates through BBB when targeting brain lesions. EXPERT OPINION Using engineered stem cell-derived exosomes for treating brain disorders has generated considerable attention toward clinical research and application. However, stem cell-derived exosomes lack consistency, and their mechanisms of action are uncertain. Therefore, upcoming research needs to prioritize examining the underlying mechanisms and strategies via which these nanoparticles combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Amina SJ, Azam T, Dagher F, Guo B. A review on the use of extracellular vesicles for the delivery of drugs and biological therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:45-70. [PMID: 38226932 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2305115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles, are effective tools for delivering small-molecule drugs and biological therapeutics into cells and tissues. Surface modifications with targeting ligands ensure precise delivery to specific cells, minimizing accumulation in healthy organs and reducing the side effects. This is a rapidly growing area in drug delivery research and this review aims to comprehensively discuss the recent advances in the field. AREA COVERED Recent studies have presented compelling evidence supporting the application of exosomes as efficient delivery vehicles that escape endosome trapping, achieving effective in vivo delivery in animal models. This review provides a systemic discussion on the exosome-based delivery technology, with topics covering exosome purification, surface modification, and targeted delivery of various cargos ranging from siRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins, to small molecule drugs. EXPERT OPINION Exosome-based gene and drug delivery has low toxicity and low immunogenicity. Surface modifications of the exosomes can effectively avoid endosome trapping and increase delivery efficiency. This exciting technology can be applied to improve the treatments for a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Jabeen Amina
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tasmia Azam
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Dagher
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Kaczmarek MP. Heterogenous circulating miRNA changes in ME/CFS converge on a unified cluster of target genes: A computational analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296060. [PMID: 38157384 PMCID: PMC10756525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating, multisystem disease of unknown mechanism, with a currently ongoing search for its endocrine mediators. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are a promising candidate for such a mediator and have been reported as significantly different in the patient population versus healthy controls by multiple studies. None of these studies, however, agree with each other on which specific miRNA are under- or over-expressed. This discrepancy is the subject of the computational study presented here, in which a deep dive into the predicted gene targets and their functional interactions is conducted, revealing that the aberrant circulating miRNAs in ME/CFS, although different between patients, seem to mainly target the same specific set of genes (p ≈ 0.0018), which are very functionally related to each other (p ≲ 0.0001). Further analysis of these functional relations, based on directional pathway information, points to impairments in exercise hyperemia, angiogenic adaptations to hypoxia, antioxidant defenses, and TGF-β signaling, as well as a shift towards mitochondrial fission, corroborating and explaining previous direct observations in ME/CFS. Many transcription factors and epigenetic modulators are implicated as well, with currently uncertain downstream combinatory effects. As the results show significant similarity to previous research on latent herpesvirus involvement in ME/CFS, the possibility of a herpesvirus origin of these miRNA changes is also explored through further computational analysis and literature review, showing that 8 out of the 10 most central miRNAs analyzed are known to be upregulated by various herpesviruses. In total, the results establish an appreciable and possibly central role for circulating microRNAs in ME/CFS etiology that merits further experimental research.
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29
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Lu Y, Godbout K, Lamothe G, Tremblay JP. CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies with engineered extracellular vesicles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102040. [PMID: 37842166 PMCID: PMC10571031 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic genome editing has the potential to cure diseases by directly correcting genetic mutations in tissues and cells. Recent progress in the CRISPR-Cas9 systems has led to breakthroughs in gene editing tools because of its high orthogonality, versatility, and efficiency. However, its safe and effective administration to target organs in patients is a major hurdle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membranous particles secreted spontaneously by all cells. They are key actors in cell-to-cell communication, allowing the exchange of select molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to induce functional changes in the recipient cells. Recently, EVs have displayed their potential for trafficking the CRISPR-Cas9 system during or after their formation. In this review, we highlight recent developments in EV loading, surface functionalization, and strategies for increasing the efficiency of delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to tissues, organs, and cells for eventual use in gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Kelly Godbout
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lamothe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec -Université Laval, Québec city, QC G1V4G2, Canada
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30
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Lee KS, Kim Y, Lee JH, Shon S, Kim A, Pham AVQ, Kim C, Kim DH, Kim YK, Cho EG. Human Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Inflammatory Phenotypes in Human Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2789. [PMID: 38132109 PMCID: PMC10741892 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a probiotic, provide various health benefits. We recently isolated a new Lactobacillus paracasei strain with strong anti-inflammatory effects under lipopolysaccharide-induced conditions and proposed a new mode of action-augmenting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway for anti-inflammatory functions in host cells. The beneficial effects of the L. paracasei strains on the skin have been described; however, the effects of L. paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles (LpEVs) on the skin are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated whether LpEVs can improve inflammation-mediated skin phenotypes by determining their effects on primary human skin cells and a three-dimensional (3D) full-thickness human skin equivalent under tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-challenged inflammatory conditions. LpEVs were efficiently taken up by the human skin cells and were much less cytotoxic to host cells than bacterial lysates. Furthermore, low LpEV concentrations efficiently restored TNF-α-induced cellular phenotypes, resulting in increased cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, but decreased inflammatory factor levels (matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8) in the human dermal fibroblasts, which was comparable to that of retinoic acid, a representative antiaging compound. The beneficial effects of LpEVs were validated in a 3D full-thickness human skin equivalent model. LpEV treatment remarkably restored the TNF-α-induced epidermal malformation, abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layer, and reduction in dermal collagen synthesis. Additionally, LpEVs penetrated and reached the deepest dermal layer within 24 h when overlaid on top of a 3D full-thickness human skin equivalent. Furthermore, they possessed superior antioxidant capacity compared with the human cell-derived EVs. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory probiotic LpEVs can be attractive antiaging and antioxidant substances for improving inflammation-induced skin phenotypes and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Lee
- H&B Science Center, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsik Kim
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Shon
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - An Vuong Quynh Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- H&B Science Center, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhou X, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Gu Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Zhang L, Li R, Zhao Y, Chen H, Li J, Yao H, Li L. Study on tumour cell-derived hybrid exosomes as dasatinib nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer therapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:532-546. [PMID: 37948136 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2264358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Therefore, we intend to explore novel strategies against PDAC. The exosomes-based biomimetic nanoparticle is an appealing candidate served as a drug carrier in cancer treatment, due to its inherit abilities. In the present study, we designed dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes by fusing human pancreatic cancer cells derived exosomes with dasatinib-loaded liposomes, followed by characterization for particle size (119.9 ± 6.10 nm) and zeta potential (-11.45 ± 2.24 mV). Major protein analysis from western blot techniques reveal the presence of exosome marker proteins CD9 and CD81. PEGylated hybrid exosomes showed pH-sensitive drug release in acidic condition, benefiting drug delivery to acidic cancer environment. Dasatinib-loaded hybrid exosomes exhibited significantly higher uptake rates and cytotoxicity to parent PDAC cells by two-sample t-test or by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, as compared to free drug or liposomal formulations. The results from our computational analysis demonstrated that the drug-likeness, ADMET, and protein-ligand binding affinity of dasatinib are verified successfully. Cancer derived hybrid exosomes may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuetang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaowen Gu
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, NY University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Junting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yelin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Shi X, Xu B, Wang Z, Chen Y, Deng M. Differential expression of plasma‑derived exosomal miRNAs in polycystic ovary syndrome as a circulating biomarker. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:92. [PMID: 37901874 PMCID: PMC10603371 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers with high sensitivity and stability is helpful for the timely and accurate diagnosis, and effective management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a long-term, progressive endocrine disorder. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are being increasingly recognized as promising biomarkers given the stability and enrichment of miRNAs in exosomes. The high sensitivity of the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has enabled accurate quantification of miRNAs and small fragments, present in a low abundance, in the circulation. In the present study, the potential of miRNAs in the diagnosis of PCOS was evaluated. Exosomal miRNAs were extracted and screened, and three miRNAs (miR-4488, miR-151a-5p, and miR-223-3p) were found to be differentially expressed between the PCOS group and age-matched controls by sequencing analysis. RT-qPCR was performed on a clinically confirmed PCOS cohort (n=107) and a non-PCOS control cohort (n=101) from South China to validate the PCOS-related RNA sequencing results. miR-151a-5p and miR-4488 expression levels were significantly upregulated, and miR-223-3p expression was downregulated in the PCOS cohort compared with the control cohort (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.889, 0.871, and 0.664 for miR-4488, miR-151a-5p, and miR-223-3p, respectively. Combining anti-Müllerian hormone levels with the three miRNAs resulted in an AUC of 0.967, and higher sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that miRNAs may prove useful in the early diagnosis and effective management of PCOS, and that these three miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In addition, bioinformatics analysis showed that these three exosomal miRNAs were involved in key signaling pathways related to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
| | - Miao Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310008, P.R. China
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Rosso G, Cauda V. Biomimicking Extracellular Vesicles with Fully Artificial Ones: A Rational Design of EV-BIOMIMETICS toward Effective Theranostic Tools in Nanomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5924-5932. [PMID: 36535896 PMCID: PMC10646844 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are the protagonists in cell communication and membrane trafficking, being responsible for the delivery of innumerable biomolecules and signaling moieties. At the moment, they are of paramount interest to researchers, as they naturally show incredibly high efficiency and specificity in delivering their cargo. For these reasons, EVs are employed or inspire the development of nanosized therapeutic delivery systems. In this Perspective, we propose an innovative strategy for the rational design of EV-mimicking vesicles (EV-biomimetics) for theranostic scopes. We first report on the current state-of-the-art use of EVs and their byproducts, such as surface-engineered EVs and EV-hybrids, having an artificial cargo (drug molecule, genetic content, nanoparticles, or dye incorporated in their lumen). Thereafter, we report on the new emerging field of EV-mimicking vesicles for theranostic scopes. We introduce an approach to prepare new, fully artificial EV-biomimetics, with particular attention to maintaining the natural reference lipidic composition. We overview those studies investigating natural EV membranes and the possible strategies to identify key proteins involved in site-selective natural homing, typical of EVs, and their cargo transfer to recipient cells. We propose the use also of molecular simulations, in particular of machine learning models, to approach the problem of lipid organization and self-assembly in natural EVs. We also discuss the beneficial feedback that could emerge combining the experimental tests with atomistic and molecular simulations when designing an EV-biomimetics lipid bilayer. The expectations from both research and industrial fields on fully artificial EV-biomimetics, having the same key functions of natural ones plus new diagnostic or therapeutic functions, could be enormous, as they can greatly expand the nanomedicine applications and guarantee on-demand and scalable production, off-the-shelf storage, high reproducibility of morphological and functional properties, and compliance with regulatory standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Rosso
- Department of Applied Science
and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science
and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Sui C, Liao Z, Bai J, Hu D, Yue J, Yang S. Current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in endometrial receptivity. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:471. [PMID: 37899459 PMCID: PMC10614333 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity has been widely understood as the capacity of the endometrium to receive implantable embryos. The establishment of endometrial receptivity involves multiple biological processes including decidualization, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and oxidative metabolism. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer-membrane nanosized vesicles mediating cell-to-cell communication. Recently, EVs and their cargo have been proven as functional factors in the establishment of endometrial receptivity. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the alteration of endometrium/embryo-derived EVs during the receptive phase and retrospected the current findings which revealed the pivotal role and potential mechanism of EVs to promote successful implantation. Furthermore, we highlight the potentiality and limitations of EVs being translated into clinical applications such as biomarkers of endometrial receptivity or reproductive therapeutic mediators, and point out the direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095#, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Martinez-Espinosa I, Serrato JA, Ortiz-Quintero B. The Role of Exosome-Derived microRNA on Lung Cancer Metastasis Progression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1574. [PMID: 38002256 PMCID: PMC10669807 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality from lung cancer is mainly attributed to the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis. Despite being the leading cause of lung cancer death, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving metastasis progression are still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that tumor cell exosomes play a significant role in tumor progression through intercellular communication between tumor cells, the microenvironment, and distant organs. Furthermore, evidence shows that exosomes release biologically active components to distant sites and organs, which direct metastasis by preparing metastatic pre-niche and stimulating tumorigenesis. As a result, identifying the active components of exosome cargo has become a critical area of research in recent years. Among these components are microRNAs, which are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in lung cancer. Although research into exosome-derived microRNA (exosomal miRNAs) is still in its early stages, it holds promise as a potential target for lung cancer therapy. Understanding how exosomal microRNAs promote metastasis will provide evidence for developing new targeted treatments. This review summarizes current research on exosomal miRNAs' role in metastasis progression mechanisms, focusing on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine and Translational Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City CP 14080, Mexico; (I.M.-E.); (J.A.S.)
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37
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Wang W, Xu Z, Liu M, Cai M, Liu X. Prospective applications of extracellular vesicle-based therapies in regenerative medicine: implications for the use of dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278124. [PMID: 37936823 PMCID: PMC10627172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has made remarkable advancements. Recently, researchers have uncovered the exceptional biological features of EVs, highlighting their prospective use as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, innovative drug delivery systems, and standalone therapeutic agents. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells stand out as the most potent source of EVs for clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Owing to their accessibility and capability of undergoing numerous differentiation inductions, dental stem cell-derived EVs (DSC-EVs) offer distinct advantages in the field of tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that unmodified EVs are currently unsuitable for use in the majority of clinical therapeutic scenarios. Considering the high feasibility of engineering EVs, it is imperative to modify these EVs to facilitate the swift translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. The review succinctly presents the known biotherapeutic effects of odontogenic EVs and the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, the current state of functional cargo loading for engineered EVs is critically discussed. For enhancing EV targeting and in vivo circulation time, the review highlights cutting-edge engineering solutions that may help overcome key obstacles in the clinical application of EV therapeutics. By presenting innovative concepts and strategies, this review aims to pave the way for the adaptation of DSC-EVs in regenerative medicine within clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Liu
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Neupane KR, Ramon GS, Harvey B, Chun B, Aryal SP, Masud AA, McCorkle JR, Kolesar JM, Kekenes-Huskey PM, Richards CI. Programming Cell-Derived Vesicles with Enhanced Immunomodulatory Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301163. [PMID: 37377147 PMCID: PMC11070110 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are the predominant immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment and mostly exhibit a pro-tumoral M2-like phenotype. However, macrophage biology is reversible allowing them to acquire an anti-tumoral M1-like phenotype in response to external stimuli. A potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer may be achieved by modulating macrophages from an M2 to an M1-like phenotype with the tumor microenvironment. Here, programmed nanovesicles are generated as an immunomodulatory therapeutic platform with the capability to re-polarize M2 macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype. Programmed nanovesicles are engineered from cellular membranes to have specific immunomodulatory properties including the capability to bidirectionally modulate immune cell polarization. These programmed nanovesicles decorated with specific membrane-bound ligands can be targeted toward specific cell types including immune cells. Macrophage-derived vesicles are engineered to enhance immune cell reprogramming toward a proinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaga R Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 125 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Geraldine S Ramon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brock Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 125 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Byeong Chun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Surya P Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 125 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Abdullah A Masud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 125 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J Robert McCorkle
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher I Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 125 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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39
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Yasodha K, Lizha Mary L, Surajit P, Satish R. Exosomes from metastatic colon cancer cells drive the proliferation and migration of primary colon cancer through increased expression of cancer stem cell markers CD133 and DCLK1. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102163. [PMID: 37487255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of biological material between the neighbouring cells is essential for homeostasis. In pathological conditions, such as cancer, the major challenge in cancer treatment is the abnormal expression of crucial proteins and miRNA exchanged between the cancer cells through extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Clinically, it has been noticed that the primary tumour and the distal metastases are interconnected and co-dependent. The exosomes are key factors responsible for preparing the pre-metastatic niche and communicating between the tumour and the distal metastatic site. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal characteristics and are shown to be responsible for metastasis. This study aims to understand the effect of metastatic cell line-derived exosomes and their regulation of CSC marker expressions on primary colon cancer cell lines. We have identified that treatment of primary colon cancer cell lines with metastatic colon cancer cell-derived exosomes has significantly increased the proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number and size of spheroids following the exosomes treatment. We found that this metastatic phenotype is due to the increased expression of CD133 and DCLK1 in primary colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasodha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - L Lizha Mary
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Pathak Surajit
- Department of Allied Health Sciences. Chettinad Academy of Science and Technology, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - R Satish
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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40
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Roerig J, Schulz-Siegmund M. Standardization Approaches for Extracellular Vesicle Loading with Oligonucleotides and Biologics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301763. [PMID: 37287374 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized for their potential as drug delivery systems. EVs are membranous nanoparticles shed from cells. Among their natural features are their ability to shield cargo molecules against degradation and enable their functional internalization into target cells. Especially biological or bio-inspired large molecules (LMs), like nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and others, may profit from encapsulation in EVs for drug delivery purposes. In the last years, a variety of loading protocols are explored for different LMs. The lack of standardization in the EV drug delivery field has impeded their comparability so far. Currently, the first reporting frameworks and workflows for EV drug loading are proposed. The aim of this review is to summarize these evolving standardization approaches and set recently developed methods into context. This will allow for enhanced comparability of future work on EV drug loading with LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepha Roerig
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Lin W, Fang J, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Peng X, Li D, Yang S, Li X, Yang L, Li H. Extracellular vesicle-cell adhesion molecules in tumours: biofunctions and clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:246. [PMID: 37735659 PMCID: PMC10512615 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) is an umbrella term for several families of molecules, including the cadherin family, integrin family, selectin family, immunoglobulin superfamily, and some currently unclassified adhesion molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important information mediators in cell-to-cell communication. Recent evidence has confirmed that CAMs transported by EVs interact with recipient cells to influence EV distribution in vivo and regulate multiple cellular processes. This review focuses on the loading of CAMs onto EVs, the roles of CAMs in regulating EV distribution, and the known and possible mechanisms of these actions. Moreover, herein, we summarize the impacts of CAMs transported by EVs to the tumour microenvironment (TME) on the malignant behaviour of tumour cells (proliferation, metastasis, immune escape, and so on). In addition, from the standpoint of clinical applications, the significance and challenges of using of EV-CAMs in the diagnosis and therapy of tumours are discussed. Finally, considering recent advances in the understanding of EV-CAMs, we outline significant challenges in this field that require urgent attention to advance research and promote the clinical applications of EV-CAMs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Shenyang Clinical Medical Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Health Management of Early Digestive Cancer, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Boussios S, Devo P, Goodall ICA, Sirlantzis K, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Papadopoulos V, Sanchez E, Rassy E, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14356. [PMID: 37762660 PMCID: PMC10531522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Iain C. A. Goodall
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Konstantinos Sirlantzis
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | | | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
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43
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Proestler E, Donzelli J, Nevermann S, Breitwieser K, Koch LF, Best T, Fauth M, Wickström M, Harter PN, Kogner P, Lavieu G, Larsson K, Saul MJ. The multiple functions of miR-574-5p in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1183720. [PMID: 37731742 PMCID: PMC10507178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and arises from neural crest cells of the developing sympathetic nervous system. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been identified as a key pro-inflammatory mediator of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes neuroblastoma progression. We report that the interaction between the microRNA miR-574-5p and CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) induces the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1) in neuroblastoma cells, which contributes to PGE2 biosynthesis. PGE2 in turn specifically induces the sorting of miR-574-5p into small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in neuroblastoma cell lines. sEV are one of the major players in intercellular communication in the TME. We found that sEV-derived miR-574-5p has a paracrine function in neuroblastoma. It acts as a direct Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) ligand and induces α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in fibroblasts, contributing to fibroblast differentiation. This is particularly noteworthy as it has an opposite function to that in the TME of lung carcinoma, another PGE2 dependent tumor type. Here, sEV-derived miR-574-5p has an autokrine function that inhibits PGE2 biosynthesis in lung cancer cells. We report that the tetraspanin composition on the surface of sEV is associated with the function of sEV-derived miR-574-5p. This suggests that the vesicles do not only transport miRs, but also appear to influence their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Proestler
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Donzelli
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sheila Nevermann
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kai Breitwieser
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leon F. Koch
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Best
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maria Fauth
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Prolytic GmbH, a Kymos Company, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children’s and Women’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Children’s and Women’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grégory Lavieu
- INSERM U1316, UMR7057, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karin Larsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike J. Saul
- Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Whitley JA, Cai H. Engineering extracellular vesicles to deliver CRISPR ribonucleoprotein for gene editing. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12343. [PMID: 37723839 PMCID: PMC10507228 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a gene editing tool with tremendous therapeutic potential. Recently, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex-based CRISPR systems have gained momentum due to their reduction of off-target editing. This has coincided with the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic delivery vehicle due to its low immunogenicity and high capacity for manipulation. EVs are cell-derived membranous nanoparticles which mediate the intercellular transfer of molecular components. Current technologies achieve CRISPR RNP encapsulation into EVs through EVs biogenesis, thereby avoiding unnecessary physical, chemical or biological manipulations to the vesicles directly. Herein, we identify sixteen EVs-based CRISPR RNP encapsulation strategies, each with distinct genetic features to encapsulate CRISPR RNP. According to the molecular mechanism facilitating the encapsulation process, there are six strategies of encapsulating Cas9 RNP into virus-like particles based on genetic fusion, seven into EVs based on protein tethering, and three based on sgRNA-coupled encapsulation. Additionally, the incorporation of a targeting moiety to the EVs membrane surface through EVs biogenesis confers tropism and increases delivery efficiency to specific cell types. The targeting moieties include viral envelope proteins, recombinant proteins containing a ligand peptide, single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies, and integrins. However, current strategies still have a number of limitations which prevent their use in clinical trials. Among those, the incorporation of viral proteins for encapsulation of Cas9 RNP have raised issues of biocompatibility due to host immune response. Future studies should focus on genetically engineering the EVs without viral proteins, enhancing EVs delivery specificity, and promoting EVs-based homology directed repair. Nevertheless, the integration of CRISPR RNP encapsulation and tropism technologies will provide strategies for the EVs-based delivery of CRISPR RNP in gene therapy and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Andrew Whitley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Easterday DS, Lark DS. Circulating Tetraspanins: From Markers to Mechanisms Driving Systemic Exercise Adaptation. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad048. [PMID: 37753183 PMCID: PMC10519272 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darby S Easterday
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel S Lark
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Stajano D, Lombino FL, Schweizer M, Glatzel M, Saftig P, Gromova KV, Kneussel M. Tetraspanin 15 depletion impairs extracellular vesicle docking at target neurons. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e113. [PMID: 38938373 PMCID: PMC11080857 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes in response to synaptic activity to regulate physiological processes at target neurons. The intercellular transfer of proteins, mRNAs, lipids or metabolites through EVs potentially modulates the structure and function of neurons and circuits. Whereas the biogenesis of EVs, their release from donor cells, and their molecular composition have been studied extensively, the critical factors and mechanisms regulating EV interactions with target cells are incompletely understood. Here, we identified tetraspanin 15 (Tspan15) as a component of tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101)- and CD81-positive EV fractions. Tspan15 fluorescent fusion proteins were released from donor cells and interacted with target cells together with the exosomal marker CD63. EVs collected from wildtype cortical neurons (WT-EVs) underwent similar association with target neurons derived from either wildtype (+/+) or Tspan15 knockout (-/-) mice. In contrast, target cell interactions of EVs collected from Tspan15 (-/-) cortical donor neurons (KO-EVs) were significantly impaired, as compared to WT-EVs. Our data suggest that Tspan15 is dispensable at target neuron plasma membranes, but is required at the EV surface to promote EV docking at target neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Stajano
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Franco L. Lombino
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical InstituteChristian‐Albrechts‐University KielKielGermany
| | - Kira V. Gromova
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNHUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Zhang L, Liu J, Zhou C. Current aspects of small extracellular vesicles in pain process and relief. Biomater Res 2023; 27:78. [PMID: 37563666 PMCID: PMC10416402 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of pain, emphasizing their critical function in the pathological progression of pain in acute and chronic pain models. By facilitating the transfer of diverse molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, sEVs can modulate pain signaling transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, the unique molecules conveyed by sEVs in pain disorders indicate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The application of sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative pain medicine has emerged as a promising strategy for pain management. Moreover, modified sEVs have garnered considerable attention in the investigation of pathological processes and therapeutic interventions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of sEVs in pain pathogenesis and treatment. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to facilitate their clinical implementation. Schematic diagram of sEVs in the biogenesis, signal transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of pain disorders. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are secreted by multiple cells, loading with various biomolecules, such as miRNAs, transmembrane proteins, and amino acids. They selectively target other cells and regulating pain signal transmission. The composition of sEVs can serve as valuable biomarkers for pain diagnosis. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell-derived sEVs have shown promise as regenerative medicine for managing multiple pain disorders. Furthermore, by modifying the structure or contents of sEVs, they could potentially be used as a potent analgesic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Ji X, Zhou S, Wang N, Wang J, Wu Y, Duan Y, Ni P, Zhang J, Yu S. Cerebral-Organoid-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Promote LMX1A-Dependent Dopaminergic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11048. [PMID: 37446226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable advancements related to cerebral organoids have provided unprecedented opportunities to model human brain development and diseases. However, despite their potential significance in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), the role of exosomes from cerebral organoids (OExo) has been largely unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of OExo to those of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (CExo) and found that OExo shared similar neuroprotective effects to CExo. Our findings showed that OExo mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat midbrain astrocytes by reducing excess ROS production, antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Notably, OExo demonstrated superiority over CExo in promoting the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This was attributed to the higher abundance of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in OExo, which facilitated the iPSCs' differentiation into DA neurons in an LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A)-dependent manner. Our study provides novel insight into the biological properties of cerebral organoids and highlights the potential of OExo in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Ji
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Shaocong Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Nana Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Penghao Ni
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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49
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Clavellina D, Balkan W, Hare JM. Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:951-967. [PMID: 37542462 PMCID: PMC10837765 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The limited capacity of cardiomyocytes to regenerate and the restricted contractility of scar tissue after AMI are not addressed by current pharmacologic interventions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to their low antigenicity, ease of harvesting, and efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies, despite their low survival and engraftment rates. Other stem cell types, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also show promise, and optimizing cardiac repair requires integrating emerging technologies and strategies. AREAS COVERED This review offers insights into advancing cell-based therapies for AMI, emphasizing meticulously planned trials with a standardized definition of AMI, for a bench-to-bedside approach. We critically evaluate fundamental studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, limitations and prospects for cell-based therapy in AMI. EXPERT OPINION MSCs continue to show potential promise for treating AMI and its sequelae, but addressing their low survival and engraftment rates is crucial for clinical success. Integrating emerging technologies such as pluripotent stem cells and conducting well-designed trials will harness the full potential of cell-based therapy in AMI management. Collaborative efforts are vital to developing effective stem cell therapies for AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Clavellina
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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50
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Pirisinu M. The Long Journey of Extracellular Vesicles towards Global Scientific Acclamation. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:489-501. [PMID: 37646064 PMCID: PMC10460810 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived vesicles that are responsible for eliciting a wide array of biological processes. After decades of intense investigation, the therapeutic potential of EVs will be finally explored in a series of upcoming clinical trials. EVs are rapidly changing the understanding of human physiology and will undoubtedly transform the field of medicine. The applicability of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment vectors has captured the attention of the scientific community and investors, facilitating the rapid progression of numerous EVs-based platforms. This mini-review provides an outline of the pioneering discoveries, and their respective significances, on progressing EVs toward clinical use. We focus the attention of the readers on several promising classes of EVs that hold major opportunities to translate in clinical practice. Market analysis and future challenges facing EVs-based therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pirisinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Jotbody HK Limited, New Territories, Hong Kong
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