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Tang L, Niu S, Xu J, Lu W, Zhou L. miR-221-3p is upregulated in acute pulmonary embolism complicated with pulmonary hypertension and promotes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by inhibiting PTEN. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:453-463. [PMID: 38933873 PMCID: PMC11196540 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) functions are associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) which is a life-threatening complication of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). This study sought to explore the expression pattern of microRNA (miR)-221-3p in APE-PH patients and its role in PASMCs proliferation and migration. The clinical data and venous blood of APE-PH patients were collected. The expression levels of miR-221-3p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in serum were determined, followed by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of miR-221-3p diagnostic efficacy. PASMCs were transfected with miR-221-3p mimics and PTEN-overexpressed vector, followed by assessment of cell viability, proliferation, and migration through cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The binding between miR-221-3p and PTEN 3'UTR region was testified by the dual-luciferase assay. miR-221 was upregulated in the serum of APE-PH patients and presented with good diagnostic efficacy with 1.155 cutoff value, 66.25% sensitivity, and 67.50% specificity. miR-221 was negatively correlated with PTEN in APE-PH patients. miR-221 overexpression facilitated PASMCs proliferation and migration in vitro. miR-221-3p bound to PTEN 3'UTR region to decrease PTEN protein levels. PTEN overexpression abolished the promotive role of miR-221-3p in PASMCs. Overall, miR-221-3p targeted PTEN to facilitate PASMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, 050000 China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, 050000 China
| | - Jinwei Xu
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, 050000 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000 Hebei Province China
| | - Li Zhou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000 Hebei Province China
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2
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Liu C, Wang Y, Huang P, Wang X, Ma Y, Ma L, Ge R. Tibetan mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats. Stem Cells 2024; 42:720-735. [PMID: 38717187 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by progressive pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy, causing right heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of exosomes from Tibetan umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on HPH via the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway, comparing them with exosomes from Han Chinese individuals. An HPH rat model was established in vivo, and a hypoxia-induced injury in the rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (rPASMCs) was simulated in vitro. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were administered to HPH model rats or added to cultured rPASMCs. The therapeutic effects of Tibetan-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (Tibetan-MSC-exo) and Han-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (Han-MSC-exo) on HPH were investigated through immunohistochemistry, western blotting, EdU, and Transwell assays. The results showed that Tibetan-MSC-exo significantly attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in HPH rats compared with Han-MSC-exo. Tibetan-MSC-exo demonstrated better inhibition of hypoxia-induced rPASMCs proliferation and migration. Transcriptome sequencing revealed upregulated genes (Nbl1, Id2, Smad6, and Ltbp1) related to the TGFβ pathway. Nbl1 knockdown enhanced hypoxia-induced rPASMCs proliferation and migration, reversing Tibetan-MSC-exo-induced downregulation of TGFβ1 and p-Smad2/3. Furthermore, TGFβ1 overexpression hindered the therapeutic effects of Tibetan-MSC-exo and Han-MSC-exo on hypoxic injury. These findings suggest that Tibetan-MSC-exo favors HPH treatment better than Han-MSC-exo, possibly through the modulation of the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway via Nbl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchuan Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Huang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yougang Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang HT, Wang G, Zhu PC, Xiao ZY. Silencing EIF3A ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension through HDAC1 and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113555. [PMID: 36921705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by the excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the hallmark feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit A (EIF3A) exhibited proliferative activity in multiple cell types. The present study investigated the role of EIF3A in the progression of PAH. A monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was constructed, and adeno-associated virus type 1 (AAV1) carrying EIF3A shRNA was intratracheally delivered to PAH rats to block EIF3A expression. PASMCs were isolated from rats and treated with PDGF-BB to simulate PASMC proliferation, and shRNA for EIF3 was conducted to investigate the mechanism behind the role of EIF3A in PASMC function in vitro. EIF3A expression was upregulated in pulmonary arteries, and EIF3A inhibition effectively improved pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy and suppressed MCT-induced vascular remodeling in vivo. In addition, we found that genetic knockdown of EIF3A reduced PDGF-triggered proliferation and arrested cell cycle, accompanied by downregulated proliferation-related protein expression in PASMCs. Mechanistically, the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was recognized as a primary mechanism in PAH progression. Silencing EIF3A decreased HDAC1 expression, and further inhibited the excessive proliferation of PASMCs by increasing the phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) expression and suppressing the AKT phosphorylation. Notably, HDAC1 expression reversed the effect of silencing EIF3A on PAH and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, silencing EIF3A improved PAH by decreasing PASMC proliferation through the HDAC1-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that targeting EIF3A may represent a potential approach for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Su S, Nan X, Xie X, Li Z, Lu D. Kaempferol ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats via regulating Akt-GSK3β-cyclin axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116478. [PMID: 36940862 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is considered a major contributor to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and a key mechanism of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid compound and can be derived from numerous common medicinal herbs and vegetables, which exhibit antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, however, the effects of kaempferol on vascular remodeling in HPH remain unexplored. In this study, SD rats were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber for four weeks to establish a pulmonary hypertension model and given either kaempferol or sildenafil (an inhibitor of PDE-5) during days 1-28, after which the hemodynamic parameter and pulmonary vascular morphometry were assessed. Furthermore, primary rat PASMCs were exposed to hypoxic conditions to generate a cell proliferation model, then incubated with either kaempferol or LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K). Immunoblotting and real-time quantitative PCR assessed the protein and mRNA expression levels in HPH rat lungs and PASMCs. We found that kaempferol reduced pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy in HPH rats. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that kaempferol reduced the protein levels of phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, leading to decreased expression of pro-proliferation (CDK2, CDK4, Cyclin D1, and PCNA) and anti-apoptotic related proteins (Bcl-2) and increased expression of pro-apoptosis proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). These results collectively demonstrate that kaempferol ameliorates HPH in rats by inhibiting PASMC proliferation and pro-apoptosis via modulation of the Akt/GSK3β/CyclinD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Xining Customs Technical Center, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining 810003, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610086, China.
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5
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Jiang Y, Huang J, Xia Y, Sun Z, Hu P, Wang D, Liu Y, Tao T, Liu Y. Hypoxia activates GPR146 which participates in pulmonary vascular remodeling by promoting pyroptosis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175502. [PMID: 36638952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a risk factor of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may induce pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) injury and inflammation. Pyroptosis is a form of cell death through maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanistic association of pyroptosis, PAECs injury, and inflammation remain unknown. Here, we explored in detail the effects of hypoxia on pyroptosis of PAECs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using RNA sequencing, we screened differentially expressed genes in pulmonary artery tissue of a Sugen5416/hypoxia-induced (SuHx) rat PH model. We examined the role of the differentially expressed gene G-protein coupled receptor 146 (GPR146) in PAECs through immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, CCK-8 assays, western blotings, real-time PCR, detection of reactive oxygen species, and lactate dehydrogenase release experiments. KEY RESULTS According to RNA sequencing, GPR146 was 11.64-fold increased in the SuHx-induced PH model, compared to the controls. Further, GPR146 was highly expressed in pulmonary arterial hypertension human lung tissue and SuHx-induced rat PH lung tissues. Our results suggested that the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was markedly increased under hypoxia, both in vivo and in vitro, which was inhibited by silencing GPR146. Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 or caspase-1 effectively suppressed cleavage of caspase-1, production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in PAECs by hypoxia and overexpression of GPR146. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that GPR146 induced pyroptosis and inflammatory responses through the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling axis, thus triggering endothelial injury and vascular remodeling. Hypoxia may promote PAECs pyroptosis through upregulation of GPR146 and thereby facilitate the progression of PH. Taken together, these insights may help identify a novel target for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China.
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6
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Florentin J, Zhao J, Tai YY, Sun W, Ohayon LL, O'Neil SP, Arunkumar A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Al Aaraj Y, Watson A, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Chan SY, Dutta P. Loss of Amphiregulin drives inflammation and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202101264. [PMID: 35732465 PMCID: PMC9218345 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Pathogenic features of PH include endothelial apoptosis and vascular inflammation, which drive vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Re-analysis of the whole transcriptome sequencing comparing human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from PH and control patients identified AREG, which encodes Amphiregulin, as a key endothelial survival factor. PAECs from PH patients and mice exhibited down-regulation of AREG and its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, the deficiency of AREG and EGFR in ECs in vivo and in vitro heightened inflammatory leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and endothelial apoptosis, as well as diminished angiogenesis. Correspondingly, hypoxic mice lacking Egfr in ECs (cdh5 cre/+ Egfr fl/fl) displayed elevated RVSP and pulmonary remodeling. Computational analysis identified NCOA6, PHB2, and RRP1B as putative genes regulating AREG in endothelial cells. The master transcription factor of hypoxia HIF-1⍺ binds to the promoter regions of these genes and up-regulates their expression in hypoxia. Silencing of these genes in cultured PAECs decreased inflammation and apoptosis, and increased angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions. Our pathway analysis and gene silencing experiments revealed that BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) is a downstream mediator of AREG BAD silencing in ECs lacking AREG mitigated inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed tube formation. In conclusion, loss of Amphiregulin and its receptor EGFR in PH is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of PH, promoting pulmonary endothelial cell death, influx of inflammatory myeloid cells, and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee L Ohayon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott P O'Neil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Watson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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PTEN: An Emerging Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4512503. [PMID: 35814272 PMCID: PMC9262564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4512503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor that regulates several key cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, migration, and invasion, via PI3K-dependent and independent mechanisms. A subtle decrease in PTEN levels or catalytic activity is implicated not only in cancer but also in a wide spectrum of other diseases, including various respiratory diseases. A systemic overview of the advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of PTEN involved in the initiation and progression of respiratory diseases may offer novel targets for the development of effective therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In the present review, we highlight the novel findings emerging from current research on the role of PTEN expression and regulation in airway pathological conditions such as asthma/allergic airway inflammation, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and other acute lung injuries (ALI). Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of PTEN alteration and recently suggested therapeutic possibilities for restoration of PTEN expression and function in respiratory diseases.
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8
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of chronic lung disease is categorized as Group 3 PH in the most recent classification system. Prevalence of these diseases is increasing over time, creating a growing need for effective therapeutic options. Recent approval of the first pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy for the treatment of Group 3 PH related to interstitial lung disease represents an encouraging advancement. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms contributing to pulmonary vasculopathy in chronic hypoxia, the pathology and epidemiology of Group 3 PH, the right ventricular dysfunction observed in this population and clinical trial data that inform the use of pulmonary vasodilators in Group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (N.S., C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Department of Pathology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Germany (P.D.).,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (P.D.)
| | - Oksana A Shlobin
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (O.A.S.)
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (N.S., C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI.,Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice (C.E.V.), Brown University, Providence, RI
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9
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Tan JS, Hu S, Guo TT, Hua L, Wang XJ. Text Mining-Based Drug Discovery for Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743210. [PMID: 35370713 PMCID: PMC8971927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current medical treatments for connective tissue disease–associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) do not show favorable efficiency for all patients, and identification of novel drugs is desired. Methods: Text mining was performed to obtain CTD- and PAH-related gene sets, and the intersection of the two gene sets was analyzed for functional enrichment through DAVID. The protein–protein interaction network of the overlapping genes and the significant gene modules were determined using STRING. The enriched candidate genes were further analyzed by Drug Gene Interaction database to identify drugs with potential therapeutic effects on CTD-PAH. Results: Based on text mining analysis, 179 genes related to CTD and PAH were identified. Through enrichment analysis of the genes, 20 genes representing six pathways were obtained. To further narrow the scope of potential existing drugs, we selected targeted drugs with a Query Score ≥5 and Interaction Score ≥1. Finally, 13 drugs targeting the six genes were selected as candidate drugs, which were divided into four drug–gene interaction types, and 12 of them had initial drug indications approved by the FDA. The potential gene targets of the drugs on this list are IL-6 (one drug) and IL-1β (two drugs), MMP9 (one drug), VEGFA (three drugs), TGFB1 (one drug), and EGFR (five drugs). These drugs might be used to treat CTD-PAH. Conclusion: We identified 13 drugs targeting six genes that may have potential therapeutic effects on CTD-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Hua, ; Xiao-Jian Wang,
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Respiratory and Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Hua, ; Xiao-Jian Wang,
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10
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Chai T, Qiu C, Xian Z, Lu Y, Zeng Y, Li J. A narrative review of research advances in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:230. [PMID: 35280399 PMCID: PMC8908157 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological syndrome characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by hypoxia, which eventually leads to right heart failure or death. There are 2 stages of onset of HPH: hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling (HPVR). It is an important pathophysiological link in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic mountain sickness (CMS), and its severity is closely related to the course and prognosis of COPD and CMS. However, there is a lack of systematic review on the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of HPH. The objective of this paper is to review the diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment of HPH. Methods In this paper, the method of literature review is adopted to obtain the information about HPH. Based on the literature, comprehensive and systematic review is made. The diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment of HPH are summarized. Key Content and Findings Right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosing HPH. Hypoxia-inducible factor, oxidative stress, metal metabolism, ion channel, inflammatory cytokines, cell apoptosis and vascular factors are the main pathogenesis of HPH. The treatment of HPH includes long-term oxygen therapy, statins, prostaglandins, phosphodiesterase inhibitor and ET receptor antagonists. Conclusions Although great progress has been made in the pathophysiology and molecular biology of HPH, it is still unclear which factors play a leading role in the pathogenesis of HPH, and no breakthrough has been made in the treatment of HPH. It is believed that the specific mechanism will be revealed as the research continues, and earlier diagnosis and the development of more effective targeted drugs will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chai
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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11
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Andre P, Joshi SR, Briscoe SD, Alexander MJ, Li G, Kumar R. Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Correcting Imbalanced TGF-β Superfamily Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:814222. [PMID: 35141256 PMCID: PMC8818880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries, leading typically to death by right ventricular failure. Available treatments improve physical activity and slow disease progression, but they act primarily as vasodilators and have limited effects on the biological cause of the disease—the uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Imbalanced signaling by the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily contributes extensively to dysregulated vascular cell proliferation in PAH, with overactive pro-proliferative SMAD2/3 signaling occurring alongside deficient anti-proliferative SMAD1/5/8 signaling. We review the TGF-β superfamily mechanisms underlying PAH pathogenesis, superfamily interactions with inflammation and mechanobiological forces, and therapeutic strategies under development that aim to restore SMAD signaling balance in the diseased pulmonary arterial vessels. These strategies could potentially reverse pulmonary arterial remodeling in PAH by targeting causative mechanisms and therefore hold significant promise for the PAH patient population.
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12
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circ-EIF6 encodes EIF6-224aa to promote TNBC progression via stabilizing MYH9 and activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Mol Ther 2022; 30:415-430. [PMID: 34450253 PMCID: PMC8753373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-coding ability of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has recently been a hot topic, but the expression and roles of protein-coding circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain uncertain. By intersecting circRNA sequencing data from clinical samples and cell lines, we identified a circRNA, termed circ-EIF6, which predicted a poorer prognosis and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in a cohort of TNBC patients. Functionally, we showed that circ-EIF6 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that circ-EIF6 contains a 675-nucleotide (nt) open reading frame (ORF) and that the -150-bp sequence from ATG functioned as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which is required for translation initiation in 5' cap-independent coding RNAs. circ-EIF6 encodes a novel peptide, termed EIF6-224 amino acid (aa), which is responsible for the oncogenic effects of circ-EIF6. The endogenous expression of EIF6-224aa was further examined in TNBC cells and tissues by specific antibody. Moreover, EIF6-224aa directly interacted with MYH9, an oncogene in breast cancer, and decreased MYH9 degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and subsequently activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Our study provided novel insights into the roles of protein-coding circRNAs and supported circ-EIF6/EIF6-224aa as a novel promising prognostic and therapeutic target for tailored therapy in TNBC patients.
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13
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Ko H, Ahn HJ, Kim YI. Methylation and mutation of the inhibin‑α gene in human melanoma cells and regulation of PTEN expression and AKT/PI3K signaling by a demethylating agent. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:37. [PMID: 34958114 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibin suppresses the pituitary secretion of follicle‑stimulating hormone and has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor gene in the gonad in mice. Epigenetic modifications, mutations, changes in the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the inhibin‑α gene and regulation of gene expression in response to a demethylating agent [5‑aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine (5‑Aza‑dC)] in human melanoma cells were assessed. In addition, the association between a mutation in the 5'‑untranslated region (5'‑UTR) of the inhibin‑α subunit and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‑trisphosphate‑dependent Rac exchanger 2 (PREX2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as well as AKT/PI3K signaling was determined. The methylation status of the CpG sites of the inhibin‑α promoter was analyzed by methylation‑specific PCR in bisulfite‑treated DNA. Cell viability was counted using the trypan blue assay, mRNA expression was examined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, and protein expression was examined via western blot analysis. The inhibin‑α promoter was hypermethylated in G361, SK‑MEL‑3, SK‑MEL‑24 and SK‑MEL‑28 cells and moderately methylated in SK‑MEL‑5 cells. Inhibin‑α gene mutations were observed in the 5'‑UTR exon 1 of G361, SK‑MEL‑5, SK‑MEL‑24 and SK‑MEL‑28 cells as well as in exon 2 of SK‑MEL‑3 cells. Allelic imbalance, including LOH, in the inhibin‑α gene was detected in human melanoma cells. Treatment with 5‑Aza‑dC increased inhibin‑α mRNA and protein levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and delayed the doubling times of surviving melanoma cells. In 5‑Aza‑dC‑treated cells, PREX2 protein expression was slightly increased in G361 and SK‑MEL‑24 cells and decreased in SK‑MEL3, SK‑MEL‑5 and SK‑MEL‑28 cells. However, the protein expression of PTEN was decreased in melanoma cells. In addition, AKT and PI3K protein phosphorylation levels increased in all melanoma cells, except of G361 cells, demonstrating decreased PI3K protein phosphorylation. These data provided evidence that methylation, mutation and LOH are observed in the inhibin α‑subunit gene and gene locus in human melanoma cells. Furthermore, the demethylating agent reactivated inhibin‑α gene expression and regulated PREX2 expression. AKT/PI3K signaling increased as PTEN expression decreased. In addition, mutations in the tumor suppressor inhibin‑α, PTEN and p53 genes were not associated with transcriptional silencing, gene expression and cell growth as analyzed through experiments and literature reviews. These data demonstrated that methylation and mutations were associated with the inhibin‑α gene in human melanoma cells and indicated the regulation of PTEN expression and AKT/PI3K signaling by a demethylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Ko
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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14
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Liu Y, Hu R, Zhu J, Nie X, Jiang Y, Hu P, Liu Y, Sun Z. The lncRNA PAHRF functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate MST1 expression by sponging miR-23a-3p in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 139:106886. [PMID: 34126237 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays important roles in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, some new lncRNAs in patients with PAH are still lacking research. Herein, we examined the expression and role of lncRNA (pulmonary arterial hypertension related factor, PAHRF) in PAH. METHODS LncRNA PAHRF expression and localization were analyzed by realtime PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT, CCK-8, EDU staining, JC-1 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. Luciferase activity assay was used to identify PAHRF/ miR-23a-3p/serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4/MST1) interaction. RESULTS LncRNA PAHRF was down-regulated in both the PAs of PAH patients and hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The overexpression of PAHRF inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs. Similarly, we also found PAHRF overexpression decreased the proliferation under hypoxia condition. Knockdown of PAHRF exerted the opposite effects. Luciferase activity assay proved molecular binding between PAHRF and hsa-miR-23a-3p. Moreover, MST1 was confirmed to be the putative target gene and regulated by PAHRF/miR-23a-3p. In addition, we explored the molecular mechanism regulating the expression of miR-23a-3p, and found that lncRNA PAHRF acted as an endogenous sponge for miR-23a-3p, and silencing lncRNA PAHRF could up-regulate the expression of miR-23a-3p. On the contrary, PAHRF-overexpressing plasmid inhibited the expression of miR-23a-3p in hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Our present study reveals a novel PAH regulating model that is composed of PAHRF, miR-23a-3p, and MST1. The aim of this study is probably going to provide a new explanation and give a further understanding of the occurrence of vascular remodeling in PAH from the perspective competing endogenous RNA hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
| | - Jinquan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, Guangdong Province, China.; Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
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15
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Huang H, Kong L, Luan S, Qi C, Wu F. Ligustrazine Suppresses Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Induced Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Inflammation by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:437-459. [PMID: 33622214 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious pulmonary vascular disease. Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays an important role in the course of this disease. Ligustrazine is an alkaloid monomer extracted from the rhizome of the herb Ligusticum chuanxiong. It is often used to treat cardiovascular diseases, but its effect on PAH has rarely been reported. This study aims to explore the protective effect and mechanism of ligustrazine on PAH. In the in vivo experiment, monocrotaline (MCT) was used to induce PAH in rats, and then ligustrazine (40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day) or sildenafil (25 mg/kg/day) was administered. Four weeks later, hemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy index, lung morphological characteristics, inflammatory factors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and AKT expression were evaluated. In addition, primary rat PASMCs were extracted by the tissue adhesion method, a proliferation model was established with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and the cells were treated with ligustrazine to investigate its effects on cell proliferation, inflammation, and cell cycle distribution. The results indicate that ligustrazine can markedly alleviate right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and inflammation caused by MCT, and that it decreased PI3K and AKT phosphorylation expression. Moreover, ligustrazine can inhibit the proliferation and inflammation of PASMCs and arrest the progression of G0/G1 to S phase through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, we conclude that ligustrazine may inhibit the proliferation and inflammation of PASMCs by regulating the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby attenuating MCT-induced PAH in rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that ligustrazine may be a promising therapeutic for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Huang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, P. R. China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lingjin Kong
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, P. R. China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Luan
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, P. R. China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzong Qi
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, P. R. China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Fanrong Wu
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, P. R. China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
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16
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mTOR Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042144. [PMID: 33670032 PMCID: PMC7926633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a number of abnormally expressed genes and regulatory pathways contribute to sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the major signaling pathways implicated in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Here we will describe the canonical mTOR pathway, structural and functional differences between mTOR complexes 1 and 2, as well as the crosstalk with other important signaling cascades in the development of PAH. The pathogenic role of mTOR in pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained vasoconstriction due to its contribution to proliferation, migration, phenotypic transition, and gene regulation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells will be discussed. Despite the progress in our elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of PAH over the two last decades, there is a lack of effective therapeutic agents to treat PAH patients representing a significant unmet clinical need. In this review, we will explore the possibility and therapeutic potential to use inhibitors of mTOR signaling cascade to treat PAH.
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17
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Liu Y, Nie X, Zhu J, Wang T, Li Y, Wang Q, Sun Z. NDUFA4L2 in smooth muscle promotes vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1221-1237. [PMID: 33340241 PMCID: PMC7812284 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and obliterative pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR). The imbalance between the proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is an important cause of PVR leading to PAH. Mitochondria play a key role in the production of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). However, there are still many issues worth studying in depth. In this study, we demonstrated that NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 4 like 2 (NDUFA4L2) was a proliferation factor and increased in vivo and in vitro through various molecular biology experiments. HIF-1α was an upstream target of NDUFA4L2. The plasma levels of 4-hydroxynonene (4-HNE) were increased both in PAH patients and hypoxic PAH model rats. Knockdown of NDUFA4L2 decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-HNE in human PASMCs in hypoxia. Elevated MDA and 4-HNE levels might be associated with excessive ROS generation and increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in hypoxia, but this effect was blocked by siNDUFA4L2. Further research found that p38-5-LO was a downstream signalling pathway of PASMCs proliferation induced by NDUFA4L2. Up-regulated NDUFA4L2 plays a critical role in the development of HPH, which mediates ROS production and proliferation of PASMCs, suggesting NDUFA4L2 as a potential new therapeutic target for PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehydes/metabolism
- Animals
- Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electron Transport Complex I/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxygen Consumption
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/complications
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinquan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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18
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Icariin Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via the Inhibition of TGF- β1/Smads Pathway in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9238428. [PMID: 33335559 PMCID: PMC7723481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9238428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary artery remodeling is important in the development of pulmonary artery hypertension. The TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway is activated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats. Icariin (ICA) suppresses the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway in myocardial fibrosis in rats. Therefore, we investigated the role of icariin in PAH by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control, monocrotaline (MCT), MCT + ICA-low, and MCT + ICA-high groups. MCT (60 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to induce PAH, and icariin (50 or 100 mg/kg.d) was orally administered for 2 weeks. At the end of the fourth week, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was obtained and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RI) was determined as the ratio of the right ventricular weight to the left ventricular plus septal weight (RV/LV + S). Western blots were used to determine the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, P-Smad2/3, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in lung tissues. Results Compared to the control group, RVSP and RI were increased in the MCT group (ρ < 0.05). Additionally, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, P-Smad2/3, and MMP2 expressions were obviously increased (ρ < 0.01). Compared to the MCT group, RVSP and RI were decreased in the MCT + ICA group (ρ < 0.05). TGF-β1, Smad2/3, P-Smad2/3, and MMP2 expressions were also inhibited in the icariin treatment groups (ρ < 0.05). Conclusions. Icariin may suppress MCT-induced PAH via the inhibition of the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway.
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Xie Y, Guo Y, Cao S, Xue M, Fan Z, Gao C, Jin B. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8214128. [PMID: 33204292 PMCID: PMC7657673 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8214128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress of endothelial cells is thought to be a principal cause that induces many cardiovascular diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a major active component in traditional Chinese medicine safflower and has been used to cure ischemic cardiovascular diseases in China for many years. This study aims to investigate whether HSYA has a repairing effect on oxidative damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by H2O2 and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the establishment of an H2O2-induced HUVEC oxidative injury model, the cell viability and proliferation rate were measured by the MTT assay and EdU staining. The intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity were determined by kits. The ROS level was detected by flow cytometry. And the BAX, Bcl-2, PTEN, and AKT expressions were evaluated with western blotting methods. The results showed that HSYA treatment significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced HUVEC cell damage, increased the intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio and unit SOD activity also, and decreased the intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, HSYA increased the expressions of AKT and Bcl-2 proteins and inhibited the expressions of BAX and PTEN proteins. These suggest that HSYA exerts repair effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HUVECs, and the mechanisms may be related to the influence of BAX/Bcl-2 expression and AKT/PTEN signal pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Xie
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- College of Basic Medicine & Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - ShiDong Cao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - ZhaoYue Fan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - ChengXian Gao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bo Jin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Ikeda Y, Murakami M, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Diet induces hepatocyte protection in fatty liver disease via modulation of PTEN signaling. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:295-302. [PMID: 32382414 PMCID: PMC7201141 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is characterized by accumulation of excess fat in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism associated with the progression of the disease has been in elusive. Hepatocellular demise due to increased oxidative stress resulting in an inflammatory response may be a key feature in FLD. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, suggesting a critical association between the PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway and FLD. In particular, PTEN has been associated with regulating the pathogenesis of hepatocyte degeneration. Given the function of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the initiation of oxidative stress, the mitochondrial antioxidant network is of interest. It is vital to balance the activity of intracellular key molecules to maintain a healthy liver. Consequently, onset of FLD may be delayed using dietary protective agents that alter PTEN signaling and reduce ROS levels. The advancement of research on dietary regulation with a focus on modulatory roles in ROS generation and PTEN associated signaling is summarized in the current study, supporting further preventive and therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Chen S, Xu H, Hu F, Wang T. Identification of Key Players Involved in CoCl 2 Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in vitro. Front Genet 2020; 11:232. [PMID: 32391042 PMCID: PMC7193018 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) induced by hypoxia was considered as the main cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aimed to explore potential genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the mechanism of hypoxia-induced PAH. Methods CoCl2 was utilized to induce hypoxia in HPASMCs, and then cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α were determined. Meanwhile, the RNA isolated from CoCl2-treated cells and control cells were sequenced and differentially expressed genes/lncRNA (DEGs/DELs) were screened, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) construction, functional enrichment analyses, and lncRNA-target prediction. Finally, the expression of key genes and lncRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Results CoCl2 treatment could significantly increase the expression of HIF-1α and the proliferation of HPASMCs. A total of 360 DEGs and 57 DELs were identified between CoCl2 treated and control cells. Functional enrichment analysis showed that up-regulated DEGs and DELs’ targets, including LDHA, PFKP, and VEGFA, were significantly enriched in biological processes related to hypoxia or oxygen levels, and the downregulated DEGs and DELs’ targets were significantly enriched in extracellular-matrix-related biological processes. In addition, LDHA, PFKP, and VEGFA exhibited a strong relationship with miR-100HG and TSPEAR-AS2 in lncRNA-target network. The protein level of LDHA, PFKP, and VEGFA were all increased. Conclusion LDHA, PFKP, VEGFA, and lncRNA miR-100HG and TSPEAR-AS2 probably played crucial roles in the pathogenesis of CoCl2 hypoxia-induced-HAP, which might serve as promising therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li S, Zhai C, Shi W, Feng W, Xie X, Pan Y, Wang J, Yan X, Chai L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Liu P, Li M. Leukotriene B 4 induces proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172823. [PMID: 31770525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been found to contribute to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling therefore the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aims to address this issue. Our results demonstrate that LTB4 dose- and time-dependently induced proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMCs, this was accompanied with the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and consequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), up-regulation of β-catenin and induction of cyclin D1 expression. The presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or MEK inhibitor (U0126) or prior silencing of β-catenin with siRNA suppressed LTB4-induced cyclin D1 up-regulation and PASMCs proliferation. In addition, inactivation or lack of GSK-3β up-regulated β-catenin and cyclin D1 in PASMCs. Taken together, our study indicates that activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways mediates LTB4-induced PASMCs proliferation by modulating GSK-3β/β-catenin/cyclin D1 axis and suggests that targeting this pathway might have potential value in alleviating vascular remodeling and benefit PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Zhao M, Chen N, Li X, Lin L, Chen X. MiR-19a modulates hypoxia-mediated cell proliferation and migration via repressing PTEN in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Life Sci 2019; 239:116928. [PMID: 31682848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The dysfunction of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) has been suggested to participate in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study determined miR-19a expression in hypoxia-induced HPASMCs and explored the mechanistic actions of miR-19a in hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation and migration. METHODS QRT-PCR and western blot assays respectively determined the mRNA and protein expression of miR-19a, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). In vitro functional assays determined HPASMC proliferation and migration, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay determined interaction between miR-19a and PTEN. The knockdown effects of miR-19a on PAH were confirmed in in vivo mice model. RESULTS Hypoxia treatment time-dependently up-regulated miR-19a expression and enhanced cell proliferation in HPASMCs. MiR-19a overexpression increased cell proliferation and migration of HPASMCs, while repression of miR-19a reduced cell proliferative and migratory potentials of hypoxia-treated HPASMCs. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that PTEN 3' untranslated region was targeted by miR-19a, and miR-19a repressed the mRNA and protein expression of PTEN in HPASMCs. Further rescue studies revealed that miR-19a regulated proliferative and migratory potentials of hypoxia-treated HPASMCs via suppressing PTEN expression. In addition, HIF-1α was identified as one of the mediators for the hypoxia-induced aberrant expression levels of miR-19a and PTEN. MiR-19a overexpression enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling, which was attenuated by enforced expression of PTEN in HPASMCs. More importantly, knockdown of miR-19 attenuated the chronic hypoxia-induced PAH in in vivo mice model. CONCLUSION This study presented a novel mechanistic action of miR-19a-mediated cell proliferation and migration of HPASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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The microRNA in ventricular remodeling: the miR-30 family. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190788. [PMID: 31320543 PMCID: PMC6680373 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling (VR) is a complex pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis, which is often caused by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), etc. It is also an independent risk factor for a variety of CVDs, which will eventually to damage the heart function, promote cardiovascular events, and lead to an increase in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of CVDs through post-transcriptional regulation of target gene proteins. Among them, microRNA-30 (miR-30) is one of the most abundant miRNAs in the heart. In recent years, the study found that the miR-30 family can participate in VR through a variety of mechanisms, including autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. VR is commonly found in ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), antineoplastic drug cardiotoxicity (CTX), and other CVDs. Therefore, we will review the relevant mechanisms of the miR-30 in VR induced by various diseases.
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhu J, Li H, Zhang J, Yang G, Sun Z. Metformin Prevents Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of Autophagy and Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:117-128. [DOI: 10.1159/000498894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Diagnosis and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Group 3 Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30903302 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Group 3 hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important and increasingly diagnosed condition in both the pediatric and adult population. The majority of pulmonary hypertension studies to date and all three classes of drug therapies were designed to focus on group 1 PH. There is a clear unmet medical need for understanding the molecular mechanisms of group 3 PH and a need for novel non-invasive methods of assessing PH in neonates. RECENT FINDINGS Several growth factors are expressed in patients and in animal models of group 3 PH and are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Here, we review some of the findings on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1), and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in PH. Additionally, we discuss novel uses of echocardiographic parameters in assessing right ventricular form and function. FGF2, TGFB, PDGFB, and VEGFA may serve as biomarkers in group 3 PH along with echocardiographic methods to diagnose and follow right ventricle function. FGFs and VEGFs may also function in the pathophysiology of group 3 PH.
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Zeng ZH, Wu WH, Peng Q, Sun YH, Liu JX. MicroRNA‑132 mediates proliferation and migration of pulmonary smooth muscle cells via targeting PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3823-3830. [PMID: 30896881 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease characterized by the remodeling of small pulmonary arteries. The aberrant proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the primary feature of PAH. MicroRNA (miR)‑132 has been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and repress neointimal formation. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a direct target of miR‑132 that has been revealed to be involved in the development of PAH. However, the role of miR‑132 in PAH remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that miR‑132 expression was upregulated in monocrotaline‑induced PAH rats and platelet‑derived growth factor‑induced PASMCs. In addition, treatment of PASMCs with miR‑132 mimics inhibited their proliferation, whereas miR‑132 inhibition exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, miR‑132 mimics promoted cell migration and maintained the PASMC contractile phenotype. Finally, the expression levels of PTEN were significantly decreased in PAH and PASMCs treated with miR‑132 mimics. Taken collectively, the data suggested that miR‑132 regulated PASMC function via PTEN and that it may be used as a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Jia L, Min D, Xu Y, Zhu J, Sun Z. Baicalin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating the MEG3/p53 pathway following treatment with ox‑LDL. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:901-913. [PMID: 30535498 PMCID: PMC6317676 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic disease associated with lipid metabolic disorders and abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Baicalin is a flavonoid compound isolated from the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and exerts anti-proliferative effects in various types of cells. However, the effect of baicalin on AS remains unclear. In the present study, serum samples were collected from patients with AS and an in vitro model of AS was established using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs). The siRNA transfection and overexpression efficiency of endogenous maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) and the expression level of MEG3 were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effects of alterations in expression levels of MEG3 were assessed by MTT assay, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, wound healing assay, immunofluorescence and western blotting in HA-VSMCs. qPCR indicated that the expression of MEG3 was reduced in serum samples from patients with AS and ox-LDL-treated HA-VSMCs, compared with serum samples from healthy patients and untreated HA-VSMCs, respectively. Further experiments indicated that ox-LDL-induced decrease of MEG3 expression was reversed by treatment with baicalin in a concentration-dependent manner. Following treatment with ox-LDL, decreased expression of MEG3 promoted proliferation and migration, and suppressed apoptosis in HA-VSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with baicalin reversed these effects on proliferation and apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated HA-VSMCs. The current study indicated that downregulated expression of MEG3 increased cell cycle-associated protein expression. However, treatment with baicalin inhibited the expression of cell-cycle associated proteins in HA-VSMCs with MEG3 knockdown. In addition, baicalin activated the p53 signaling pathway and promoted the expression and transport of p53 from the cytoplasm to nucleus following MEG3 knockdown in ox-LDL-treated HA-VSMCs. Baicalin inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis by regulating the expression of MEG3/p53, indicating that baicalin may serve a role in AS by activating the MEG3/p53 signaling pathway. The present study suggested a potential mechanism underlying the protective role of baicalin in the in vitro model of AS, and these results may be used to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
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Zhu G, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wang S. miR‑371b‑5p inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis in monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5489-5501. [PMID: 30387816 PMCID: PMC6236307 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a clinical hemodynamic syndrome. It is characterized by elevated PA pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In the present study, the role of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-371b-5p in monocrotaline-induced PAH and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. In a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model, gene chip and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to measure miRNA expression levels. The results revealed that miR-371b-5p was downregulated in PAH rats compared with the control group. In addition, in vitro results demonstrated that an miR-371b-5p inhibitor reduced miR-371b-5p expression levels, increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-371b-5p induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression and suppressed that of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated (p)-Akt in the PAECs. In addition, VO-OHpic, a PTEN inhibitor, reduced the protein expression levels of PTEN in the PAECs and inhibited the effects of anti-miR-371b-5p on cell apoptosis. In addition, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, reduced the PI3K and p-Akt protein expression in the PAECs and reversed the effects of miR-371b-5p overexpression on the apoptosis of PAECs in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that, in this animal model of PAH, miR-371b-5p inhibits apoptosis of PAECs via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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30
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Durgin BG, Straub AC. Redox control of vascular smooth muscle cell function and plasticity. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1254-1262. [PMID: 29463879 PMCID: PMC6102093 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a major role in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. It has long been established in vitro that contractile SMC can phenotypically switch to function as proliferative and/or migratory cells in response to stimulation by oxidative stress, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidative stressors implicated in driving vascular diseases, shifting cell bioenergetics, and increasing SMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how disruptions to redox balance can functionally change SMC and how this may influence vascular disease pathogenesis. Specifically, we focus on our current understanding of the role of vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) 1, 4, and 5 in SMC function. We also review the evidence implicating mitochondrial fission in SMC phenotypic transitions and mitochondrial fusion in maintenance of SMC homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the redox regulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway as a potential oxidative and therapeutic target for regulating SMC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G Durgin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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31
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Rol N, Kurakula KB, Happé C, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ. TGF-β and BMPR2 Signaling in PAH: Two Black Sheep in One Family. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092585. [PMID: 30200294 PMCID: PMC6164161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge pertaining to the involvement of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is continuously increasing. There is a growing understanding of the function of individual components involved in the pathway, but a clear synthesis of how these interact in PAH is currently lacking. Most of the focus has been on signaling downstream of BMPR2, but it is imperative to include the role of TGF-β signaling in PAH. This review gives a state of the art overview of disturbed signaling through the receptors of the TGF-β family with respect to vascular remodeling and cardiac effects as observed in PAH. Recent (pre)-clinical studies in which these two pathways were targeted will be discussed with an extended view on cardiovascular research fields outside of PAH, indicating novel future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rol
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Konda Babu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris Happé
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Cheng Y, Yu M, Xu J, He M, Wang H, Kong H, Xie W. Inhibition of Shp2 ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:130. [PMID: 30086741 PMCID: PMC6081862 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 2 (Shp2) is a typical tyrosine phosphatase interacting with receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate multiple signaling pathways in diverse pathological processes. Here, we will investigate the effect of Shp2 inhibition on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a rat model and its potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying. Methods Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was used in this study. Phps-1, a highly selective inhibitor for Shp2, was administered from 21 days to 35 days after MCT single-injection. Microcatheter method was applied to detected hemodynamic parameters. Histological methods were used to determine PVR changes in PAH rats. Moreover, cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) treated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with or without Phps-1 was used to investigate the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying in vitro. Results Inhibition of Shp2 significantly attenuated MCT-induced increases of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats. Shp2 inhibition effectively decreased thickening of pulmonary artery media and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as perivascular and myocardial fibrosis in MCT-treated rats. Moreover, Shp2 inhibition ameliorated muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in MCT-induced PAH rats. Shp2 inhibition significantly reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-triggered proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which might be attributed to the inactivations of Akt and Stat3 pathways. Conclusions Shp2 contributes to the development of PAH in rats, which might be a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zeshan West Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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33
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Li NN, Meng XS, Bao YR, Wang S, Li TJ. Evidence for the Involvement of COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/Pl3K/AKT Pathway the Mechanism of Oroxin B Treated Liver Cancer. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:207-213. [PMID: 29720833 PMCID: PMC5909317 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_119_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oroxin B (OB) is one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids have obvious anti-liver tumors effect, but the precise molecular mechanism is still unclear. Objective The current study was performed to investigate the antitumor effects of OB on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-772 and explore the part of molecular mechanisms in this process. Materials and Methods MTT method, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry were utilized to detect the inhibition of proliferation and the apoptosis after treating OB in of SMMC-7721 cells. The mRNA and proteins expressions of COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), p-AKT, and PTEN were measured by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot method. Results The results showed that OB inhibited proliferation of SMMC-7721 cell in a dose-dependent manner, and induced its apoptosis. Moreover, OB unregulated PTEN and downregulated COX-2, VEGF, p-AKT, and PI3K. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that OB significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, OB potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer. SUMMARY OB (Oroxin B) is one of the effective flavonoid components of traditional Chinese medicine O. indicum (L.)OB can inhibite the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the human hepatoma cell line SMMC 7721OB plays a role of antitumor effect may to regulate COX 2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways directly or indirectly. Abbreviations used: OB: Oroxin B; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; DAPI: Diamidino 2 phenylindole; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: Propidium Iodide; RIPA: Radio immunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer; PMSF: Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yong-Rui Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.,Component Medicine Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116600, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Chinese Medicine Research Engineering Laboratory, Dalian 116600, China
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34
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Luo Q, Wang P, Shi P, Song C, E M, Ren J, Fu B, Sun H. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 regulates hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12436. [PMID: 29359496 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTVES Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP channels family of Ca2+ -permeant cation channels. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of TRPV3 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMCs proliferation under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TRPV3 was evaluated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hypoxic rats, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of TRPV3 on proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS We found that, in vivo, the expression of TRPV3 was increased in patients with PAH and hypoxic rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy measurements and pulmonary pathomorphology data show that the ratio of the heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL), the right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S) and the medial width of the pulmonary artery were increased in chronic hypoxic rats. Moreover, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, phospho-CaMKII (p-CaMKII) were induced by hypoxia. In vitro, we revealed that hypoxia promoted PASMCs viability, increased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cyclin A p-CaMKII, made more cells from G0 /G1 phase to G2 /M + S phase, enhanced the microtubule formation, and increased [Ca2+ ]i , which could be suppressed by Ruthenium Red, an inhibitor of TRPV3, and TRPV3 silencing has similar effects. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, the increased number of cells in G2 /M and S phase, and the enhanced activation and expression of PI3K and AKT proteins induced by hypoxia and in presence of carvacrol (an agonist of TRPV3), was significantly attenuated by incubation of LY 294002, a specific inhibitor for PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TRPV3 is involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and promotes proliferation of PASMCs and the effect is, at least in part, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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35
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Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhu J, Xiao B, Dong J, Li X. LncRNA-TCONS_00034812 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and its mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4801-4814. [PMID: 29150946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Bingxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency; Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
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36
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MiR-770 suppresses the chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer via direct targeting of STMN1. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:14. [PMID: 29323124 PMCID: PMC5849036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-resistance and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributed the most of treatment failure in the clinic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be involved in many biological processes and diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of miR-770 in the regulation of chemo-resistance and metastasis of TNBC. Clinically, miR-770 was highly expressed in chemo-sensitive tissues and predicted a better prognosis of TNBC. Functionally, ectopic expression of miR-770 suppressed the doxorubicin-resistance of TNBC cell lines via regulation of apoptosis and tumor microenvironment, which was mediated by exosomes. Moreover, miR-770 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion. Rescue of STMN1 could partly reverse the effect of miR-770 in TNBC behaviors. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that overexpression of miR-770 inhibited DOX resistance and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results proved that miR-770 could suppress the doxorubicin-resistance and metastasis of TNBC cells, which broaden our insights into the underlying mechanisms in chemo-resistance and metastasis, and provided a new prognostic marker for TNBC cells.
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37
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Lai YJ, Hsu HH, Chang GJ, Lin SH, Chen WJ, Huang CC, Pang JHS. Prostaglandin E1 Attenuates Pulmonary Artery Remodeling by Activating Phosphorylation of CREB and the PTEN Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9974. [PMID: 28855544 PMCID: PMC5577102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is the critical mediator of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that the activation of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and PTEN could inhibit the AKT signaling pathway to attenuate pulmonary arterial remodeling in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. We observed decreased PTEN and pCREB in idiopathic PAH versus control tissue. We reduced PTEN using small interfering RNA in human control pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and observed an increase in pAKT. Consistent with PTEN knockdown in PASMCs, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induced pCREB expression to stimulate PTEN protein expression and inhibited pAKT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The enhanced proliferation and migration of PASMCs following PTEN knockdown were significantly inhibited by PGE1 treatment. The PGE1-induced elevation of PTEN expression in PTEN-depleted PASMCs was decreased by the application of a PKA inhibitor and a CBP-CREB interaction inhibitor. Supplementation with a novel emulsion composition comprising PGE1 in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH prevented pulmonary arterial remodeling and improved hemodynamics via the induced expression of PTEN. We conclude that PGE1 recruits pCREB/PTEN to decrease the migration and proliferation of PASMCs associated with PAH. This finding elucidates a relevant underlying mechanism of the PGE1/CREB/PTEN signaling pathway to prevent progressive PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan. .,Respiratory Care, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Hsao-Hsun Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, 33353, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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MicroRNAs as regulators and mediators of forkhead box transcription factors function in human cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12433-12450. [PMID: 27999212 PMCID: PMC5355356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that microRNAs are widely implicated as indispensable components of tumor suppressive and oncogenic pathways in human cancers. Thus, identification of microRNA targets and their relevant pathways will contribute to the development of microRNA-based therapeutics. The forkhead box transcription factors regulate numerous processes including cell cycle progression, metabolism, metastasis and angiogenesis, thereby facilitating tumor initiation and progression. A complex network of protein and non-coding RNAs mediates the expression and activity of forkhead box transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the involvement of microRNAs and forkhead box transcription factors and describe the roles of microRNAs-forkhead box axis in various disease states including tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we describe some of the technical challenges in the use of the microRNA-forkhead box signaling pathway in cancer treatment.
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Xiao F, He F, Chen H, Lin S, Shen A, Chen Y, Chu J, Peng J. Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction Reverses Vascular Remodeling by Inducing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070956. [PMID: 27455221 PMCID: PMC6274417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction (QXJYD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed by academician Ke-ji Chen, has been used in China to clinically treat hypertension for decades of years. However, the molecular mechanisms of its action remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of QXJYD against elevated systolic blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that oral administration of QXJYD significantly reduced the elevation of systolic blood pressure in SHR but had no effect on body weight change. Additionally, QXJYD treatment significantly decreased the media thickness and ratio of media thickness/lumen diameter in the carotid arteries of SHR. Moreover, QXJYD remarkably promoted apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2. Furthermore, QXJYD significantly decreased the plasma Angiotensin II level in SHR. Collectively, our findings suggest that reversing vascular remodeling via inducing VSMC apoptosis could be one of the mechanisms whereby QXJYD treats hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Fei He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fuqing Health and Family Planning Bureau, 23 Futang Road, Fuqing 350300, Fujian, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Youqin Chen
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
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