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Wu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Targeting non-coding RNAs and N 6-methyladenosine modification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116153. [PMID: 38513741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancers, accounts for a significant portion of cancer-related death globally. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the onset and progression of HCC are still not fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that non-protein-coding regions of genomes could give rise to transcripts, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), forming novel functional driving force for aberrant cellular activity. Over the past decades, overwhelming evidence has denoted involvement of a complex array of molecular function of ncRNAs at different stages of HCC tumorigenesis and progression. In this context, several pre-clinical studies have highlighted the potentials of ncRNAs as novel therapeutic modalities in the management of human HCC. Moreover, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent form of internal mRNA modifications in mammalian cells, is essential for the governance of biological processes within cells. Dysregulation of m6A in ncRNAs has been implicated in human carcinogenesis, including HCC. In this review, we will discuss dysregulation of several hallmark ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in HCC and address the latest advances for their involvement in the onset and progression of HCC. We also focus on dysregulation of m6A modification and various m6A regulators in the etiology of HCC. In the end, we discussed the contemporary preclinical and clinical application of ncRNA-based and m6A-targeted therapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Ping LF, Bai FY, Zhang XH, Li GH. Hmgcs2 is the hub gene in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is negatively regulated by Hmgcs2, promoting high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1191. [PMID: 38477658 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a major cause of heart failure and a large medical burden worldwide. This study screened the potentially regulatory targets of DCM and analyzed their roles in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. METHODS Through GEO database, we obtained rat DCM expression chips and screened differentially expressed genes. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were induced with HG. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) and microRNA (miR)-363-5p expression patterns in cells were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay, with the dual-luciferase assay to analyze their binding relationship. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and various assay kits were applied to evaluate cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, inflammation responses, and oxidative burden. RESULTS Hmgcs2 was the vital hub gene in DCM. Hmgcs2 was upregulated in HG-induced cardiomyocytes. Hmgcs2 downregulation increased cell viability, decreased TUNEL-positive cell number, reduced HG-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. miR-363-5p is the upstream miRNA of Hmgcs2. miR-363-5p overexpression attenuated HG-induced cell injury. CONCLUSIONS Hmgcs2 had the most critical regulatory role in DCM. We for the first time reported that miR-363-5p inhibited Hmgcs2 expression, thereby alleviating HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li-Feng Ping
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fu-Yan Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin-Huan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guang-Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Tan H, Zhang X, Zhu J. Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18042. [PMID: 37987033 PMCID: PMC10902579 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is linked to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding that NAFLD is playing a major risk factor for HCC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of transcription factors divided into three subtypes: PPARα (PPARA), PPARδ/β (PPARD) and PPARγ (PPARG). As important nuclear receptors, PPARs are involved in many physiological processes, and PPARs can improve NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism, accelerating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARs can participate in the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating metabolic pathways. In addition, PPAR modulators have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and can enhance the curative effect of conventional treatments. This article reviews the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as its value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC, in order to provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Jing Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
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4
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El-Aziz MKA, Dawoud A, Kiriacos CJ, Fahmy SA, Hamdy NM, Youness RA. Decoding hepatocarcinogenesis from a noncoding RNAs perspective. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1982-2009. [PMID: 37450612 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Being a leading lethal malignancy worldwide, the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gained a lot of interest. Yet, underlying mechanistic basis of the liver tumorigenesis is poorly understood. The role of some coding genes and their respective translated proteins, then later on, some noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs have been extensively studied in context of HCC pathophysiology; however, the implication of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in HCC is indeed less investigated. As a subclass of the ncRNAs which has been elusive for long time ago, lncRNAs was found to be involved in plentiful cellular functions such as DNA, RNA, and proteins regulation. Hence, it is undisputed that lncRNAs dysregulation profoundly contributes to HCC via diverse etiologies. Accordingly, lncRNAs represent a hot research topic that requires prime focus in HCC. In this review, the authors discuss breakthrough discoveries involving lncRNAs and circRNAs dysregulation that have contributed to the contemporary concepts of HCC pathophysiology and how these concepts could be leveraged as potential novel diagnostic and prognostic HCC biomarkers. Further, this review article sheds light on future trends, thereby discussing the pathological roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in HCC proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Along this line of reasoning, future recommendations of how these targets could be exploited to achieve effective HCC-related drug development is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Caroline J Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Shi MY, Yu HC, Han CY, Bang IH, Park HS, Jang KY, Lee S, Son JB, Kim ND, Park BH, Bae EJ. p21-activated kinase 4 suppresses fatty acid β-oxidation and ketogenesis by phosphorylating NCoR1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4987. [PMID: 37591884 PMCID: PMC10435519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARα corepressor NCoR1 is a key regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation and ketogenesis. However, its regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that oncoprotein p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is an NCoR1 kinase. Specifically, PAK4 phosphorylates NCoR1 at T1619/T2124, resulting in an increase in its nuclear localization and interaction with PPARα, thereby repressing the transcriptional activity of PPARα. We observe impaired ketogenesis and increases in PAK4 protein and NCoR1 phosphorylation levels in liver tissues of high fat diet-fed mice, NAFLD patients, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Forced overexpression of PAK4 in mice represses ketogenesis and thereby increases hepatic fat accumulation, whereas genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PAK4 exhibites an opposite phenotype. Interestingly, PAK4 protein levels are significantly suppressed by fasting, largely through either cAMP/PKA- or Sirt1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. In this way, our findings provide evidence for a PAK4-NCoR1/PPARα signaling pathway that regulates fatty acid β-oxidation and ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Chan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nam Doo Kim
- VORONOI BIO Inc., Incheon, 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Mou L, Pu Z, Luo Y, Quan R, So Y, Jiang H. Construction of a lipid metabolism-related risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma by single cell and machine learning analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1036562. [PMID: 36936948 PMCID: PMC10014552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1036562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common cancers is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Numerous studies have shown the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) and malignancies. In most studies, the single LMRG was studied and has limited clinical application value. This study aims to develop a novel LMRG prognostic model for HCC patients and to study its utility for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. We used the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset and TCGA dataset of HCC samples and discovered differentially expressed LMRGs between primary and metastatic HCC patients. By using the least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) regression machine learning algorithm, we constructed a risk prognosis model with six LMRGs (AKR1C1, CYP27A1, CYP2C9, GLB1, HMGCS2, and PLPP1). The risk prognosis model was further validated in an external cohort of ICGC. We also constructed a nomogram that could accurately predict overall survival in HCC patients based on cancer status and LMRGs. Further investigation of the association between the LMRG model and somatic tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor immune infiltration, and biological function was performed. We found that the most frequent somatic mutations in the LMRG high-risk group were CTNNB1, TTN, TP53, ALB, MUC16, and PCLO. Moreover, naïve CD8+ T cells, common myeloid progenitors, endothelial cells, granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells, M2 macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were significantly correlated with the LMRG high-risk group. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis showed that RNA degradation, spliceosome, and lysosome pathways were associated with the LMRG high-risk group. For the first time, we used scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to construct an LMRG-related risk score model, which may provide insights into more effective treatment strategies for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Mou
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- MetaLife Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongxiang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou/The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Ryan Quan
- MetaLife Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhu So
- MetaLife Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou/The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
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7
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Hwang CY, Choe W, Yoon KS, Ha J, Kim SS, Yeo EJ, Kang I. Molecular Mechanisms for Ketone Body Metabolism, Signaling Functions, and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224932. [PMID: 36432618 PMCID: PMC9694619 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important alternative energy sources for glucose during nutrient deprivation. KBs synthesized by hepatic ketogenesis are catabolized to acetyl-CoA through ketolysis in extrahepatic tissues, followed by the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain for ATP production. Ketogenesis and ketolysis are regulated by the key rate-limiting enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 and succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, respectively. KBs participate in various cellular processes as signaling molecules. KBs bind to G protein-coupled receptors. The most abundant KB, β-hydroxybutyrate, regulates gene expression and other cellular functions by inducing post-translational modifications. KBs protect tissues by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. Recently, interest in KBs has been increasing due to their potential for treatment of various diseases such as neurological and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain rapid cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of KB metabolism also plays a role in tumorigenesis in various types of cancer. Targeting metabolic changes through dietary interventions, including fasting and ketogenic diets, has shown beneficial effects in cancer therapy. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of KB metabolism and cellular signaling functions, and the therapeutic potential of KBs and ketogenic diets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.Y.); (I.K.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6050 (E.-J.Y.); +82-2-961-0922 (I.K.)
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.Y.); (I.K.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6050 (E.-J.Y.); +82-2-961-0922 (I.K.)
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Suk FM, Wu CY, Chiu WC, Chien CY, Chen TL, Liao YJ. HMGCS2 Mediation of Ketone Levels Affects Sorafenib Treatment Efficacy in Liver Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228015. [PMID: 36432116 PMCID: PMC9697984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the fifth leading death of cancers in men, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancer cases. Sorafenib is a first-line drug for advanced-stage HCC patients. Sorafenib is a multi-target kinase inhibitor that blocks tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Despite sorafenib treatment extending survival, some patients experience side effects, and sorafenib resistance does occur. 3-Hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is the rate-limiting enzyme for ketogenesis, which synthesizes the ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc). β-HB is the most abundant ketone body which is present in a 4:1 ratio compared to AcAc. Recently, ketone body treatment was found to have therapeutic effects against many cancers by causing metabolic alternations and cancer cell apoptosis. Our previous publication showed that HMGCS2 downregulation-mediated ketone body reduction promoted HCC clinicopathological progression through regulating c-Myc/cyclin D1 and caspase-dependent signaling. However, whether HMGCS2-regulated ketone body production alters the sensitivity of human HCC to sorafenib treatment remains unclear. In this study, we showed that HMGCS2 downregulation enhanced the proliferative ability and attenuated the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib by activating expressions of phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-P38, and p-AKT. In contrast, HMGCS2 overexpression decreased cell proliferation and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib in HCC cells by inhibiting ERK activation. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown HMGCS2 exhibited the potential migratory ability, as well as decreasing zonula occludens protein (ZO)-1 and increasing c-Myc expression in both sorafenib-treated Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Although HMGCS2 overexpression did not alter the migratory effect, expressions of ZO-1, c-Myc, and N-cadherin decreased in sorafenib-treated HMGCS2-overexpressing HCC cells. Finally, we investigated whether ketone treatment influences sorafenib sensitivity. We showed that β-HB pretreatment decreased cell proliferation and enhanced antiproliferative effect of sorafenib in both Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study defined the impacts of HMGCS2 expression and ketone body treatment on influencing the sorafenib sensitivity of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chien
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lang Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3333)
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Hughey CC, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Integrating the contributions of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to lipotoxicity and inflammation in NAFLD pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Huang PS, Liao CJ, Huang YH, Yeh CT, Chen CY, Tang HC, Chang CC, Lin KH. Functional and Clinical Significance of Dysregulated microRNAs in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5361. [PMID: 34771525 PMCID: PMC8582514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. This mainly reflects the lack of early diagnosis tools and effective treatment methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-transcribed RNAs, some of which play important regulatory roles in liver cancer. Here, we discuss microRNAs with key impacts on liver cancer, such as miR-122, miR-21, miR-214, and miR-199. These microRNAs participate in various physiological regulatory pathways of liver cancer cells, and their modulation can have non-negligible effects in the treatment of liver cancer. We discuss whether these microRNAs can be used for better clinical diagnosis and/or drug development. With the advent of novel technologies, fast, inexpensive, and non-invasive RNA-based biomarker research has become a new mainstream approach. However, the clinical application of microRNA-based markers has been limited by the high sequence similarity among them and the potential for off-target problems. Therefore, researchers particularly value microRNAs that are specific to or have special functions in liver cancer. These include miR-122, which is specifically expressed in the liver, and miR-34, which is necessary for the replication of the hepatitis C virus in liver cancer. Clinical treatment drugs have been developed based on miR-34 and miR-122 (MRX34 and Miravirsen, respectively), but their side effects have not yet been overcome. Future research is needed to address these weaknesses and establish a feasible microRNA-based treatment strategy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-S.H.); (C.-J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-S.H.); (C.-J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Chi Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chia-yi, Chia-yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-S.H.); (C.-J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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11
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Han P, Wang Y, Luo W, Lu Y, Zhou X, Yang Y, Zheng Q, Li D, Wu S, Li L, Zhang H, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Matskova L, Li P, Zhou X. Epigenetic inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase reduces ketogenesis and facilitates tumor cell motility in clear cell renal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 227:153622. [PMID: 34624592 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the dysregulation of ketogenesis plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we demonstrate decreased expression of the HMGCS2 gene in ccRCC, a critical enzyme for the synthesis of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB). We found that the reduced transcription of the HMGCS2 gene in ccRCC cells was significantly correlated to a higher relative methylation rate in its promotor region. The higher methylation rate in the region of the transcription start site and 1st exon of the HMGCS2 gene was, in turn, correlated with a worse clinical outcome for patients. The transcription of HMGCS2 was possible to restore by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and with the histone deacetylase inhibitor β-OHB. Therefore, the low levels of the HMGCS2 enzyme in ccRCC may be the consequence of hypermethylation of the HMGCS2 promotor. The ensuing reduction in the ketone body levels further suppresses the transcription of HMGCS2 via a feedback loop. Ectopic expression of HMGCS2 attenuates the migration and invasion of ccRCC but does not affect the proliferative capacity of ccRCC cells in vitro. In addition, we showed that ectopic expression of HMGCS2 boosts the intracellular levels of β-OHB and that exogenously applied β-OHB suppresses the motility and invasion of ccRCC. Our study reveals crosstalk between genes that regulate metabolism and their metabolites, thus providing a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanism involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis and suggesting opportunities for metabolic therapy of tumors. Initially, we suggest that the mRNA level of HMGCS2 could serve as a potentially valuable diagnostic (AUC = 0.918, p < 0.001) and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yunliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danping Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Haishan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Department of Pathology, College & Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China; Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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12
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Li J, Li MH, Wang TT, Liu XN, Zhu XT, Dai YZ, Zhai KC, Liu YD, Lin JL, Ge RL, Sun SH, Wang F, Yuan JH. SLC38A4 functions as a tumour suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulating Wnt/β-catenin/MYC/HMGCS2 axis. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:865-876. [PMID: 34274945 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many molecular alterations are shared by embryonic liver development and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying the common molecular events would provide a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. METHODS Expression levels and clinical relevancies of SLC38A4 and HMGCS2 were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, TCGA and GEO datasets. The biological roles of SLC38A4 were investigated by functional assays. The downstream signalling pathway of SLC38A4 was investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, TCGA and GEO datasets. RESULTS SLC38A4 silencing was identified as an oncofetal molecular event. DNA hypermethylation contributed to the downregulations of Slc38a4/SLC38A4 in the foetal liver and HCC. Low expression of SLC38A4 was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functional assays demonstrated that SLC38A4 depletion promoted HCC cellular proliferation, stemness and migration, and inhibited HCC cellular apoptosis in vitro, and further repressed HCC tumorigenesis in vivo. HMGCS2 was identified as a critical downstream target of SLC38A4. SLC38A4 increased HMGCS2 expression via upregulating AXIN1 and repressing Wnt/β-catenin/MYC axis. Functional rescue assays showed that HMGCS2 overexpression reversed the oncogenic roles of SLC38A4 depletion in HCC. CONCLUSIONS SLC38A4 downregulation was identified as a novel oncofetal event, and SLC38A4 was identified as a novel tumour suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Han Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Chao Zhai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-da Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Liang Ge
- The Second Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ji-Hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Ding R, Chen T, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhuang L, Yang Z. HMGCS2 in metabolic pathways was associated with overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: A LASSO-derived study. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211031749. [PMID: 34260294 PMCID: PMC10358623 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211031749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This integrated bioinformatic study aimed to investigate potential prognostic candidates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the GSE14520, GSE101685, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functional pathways of common DEGs were enriched. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was used to screen the potential parameters associated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Metabolic pathways were the most significantly enriched functional pathways of common DEGs in these three datasets. After LASSO model analysis, HMGCS2, UGP2, BCLC staging and TNM staging were screened as potential prognostic candidates for OS in HCC patients in GSE14520. HMGCS2 in the metabolic pathway was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HCC patients (all p < 0.05). Cox regression model indicated that HMGCS2 might be associate with OS in HCC patients in GSE14520 and in the TCGA (p = 0.029 and p = 0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that HMGCS2 downregulation in tumors contributed to an unfavorable OS in HCC patients, both in GSE14520 and in the TCGA (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Additionally, HMGCS2 was significantly downregulated in HCC patients with high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), main tumor size >5 cm, multinodular, advanced tumor staging including BCLC, TNM and CLIP (all p < 0.05). HMGCS2 was involved in metabolic pathways, and downregulated HMGCS2 in tumors was associated with unfavorable OS in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongguo Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Yao J, Yang Z, Yang J, Wang ZG, Zhang ZY. Long non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting miR-107/Wnt/β-catenin axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13726-13738. [PMID: 34023817 PMCID: PMC8202841 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem around the world, with the molecular mechanisms being still incompletely clear. This study was carried out to explore the role and mechanism of long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FEZF1-AS1 in HCC progression. RNA sequencing and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) were applied to identify differently expressed lncRNAs in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. CCK8 assay was adopted to test cell proliferation and flow cytometry was taken to detect cell apoptosis. Wound healing assay and transwell experiment were performed to determine cell migration and invasion. To validate the function of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 in vivo, tumor-burdened models were established. The results showed that lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 level was prominently enhanced in HCC tumor specimens and overexpression of FEZF1-AS1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. In mechanism, overexpression of FEZF1-AS1 reduced the expression of miR-107 which inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of β-catenin promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion which were inhibited by FEZF1-AS1 downregulation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that FEZF1-AS1 promoted HCC progression through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by targeting miR-107, which provided a novel target for the therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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15
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Mazzio E, Badisa R, Mack N, Cassim S, Zdralevic M, Pouyssegur J, Soliman KFA. Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:469-497. [PMID: 32859627 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. RESULTS The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nzinga Mack
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco .,University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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16
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Identification of a Potential PPAR-Related Multigene Signature Predicting Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6642939. [PMID: 33777129 PMCID: PMC7981186 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and part of their target genes have been reported to be related to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prognosis of HCC is not optimistic, and more accurate prognostic markers are needed. This study focused on discovering potential prognostic markers from the PPAR-related gene set. The mRNA data and clinical information of HCC were collected from TCGA and GEO platforms. Univariate Cox and lasso Cox regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes of HCC. Three genes (MMP1, HMGCS2, and SLC27A5) involved in the PPAR signaling pathway were selected as the prognostic signature of HCC. A formula was established based on the expression values and multivariate Cox regression coefficients of selected genes, that was, risk score = 0.1488∗expression value of MMP1 + (−0.0393)∗expression value of HMGCS2 + (−0.0479)∗expression value of SLC27A5. The prognostic ability of the three-gene signature was assessed in the TCGA HCC dataset and verified in three GEO sets (GSE14520, GSE36376, and GSE76427). The results showed that the risk score based on our signature was a risk factor with a HR (hazard ratio) of 2.72 (95%CI (Confidence Interval) = 1.87 ~ 3.95, p < 0.001) for HCC survival. The signature could significantly (p < 0.0001) distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients with poor prognosis for HCC. In addition, we further explored the independence and applicability of the signature with other clinical indicators through multivariate Cox analysis (p < 0.001) and nomogram analysis (C‐index = 0.709). The above results indicate that the combination of MMP1, HMGCS2, and SLC27A5 selected from the PPAR signaling pathway could effectively, independently, and applicatively predict the prognosis of HCC. Our research provided new insights to the prognosis of HCC.
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17
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Fujita K, Tani J, Masaki T. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030514. [PMID: 33572780 PMCID: PMC7866004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers, and the prognosis for late-stage HCC remains poor. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is expected to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate the expression of various target genes, including those in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers. We summarize the central roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and discuss their potential utility as valuable biomarkers and new therapeutic agents for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most frequent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of late-stage HCC remains dismal because of the high recurrence rate. A better understanding of the etiology of HCC is therefore necessary to improve outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of their target genes at the posttranscriptional and translational levels. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has frequently been detected in cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites in various human cancers and has been observed in both HCC cells and tissues. The precise patterns of aberrant miRNA expression differ depending on disease etiology, including various causes of hepatocarcinogenesis, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the association of miRNAs with the pathogenesis of HCC of various etiologies. In the present review, we summarize the key mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC and emphasize their potential utility as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as innovative therapeutic targets, in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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18
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Mattos SECD, Diel LF, Bittencourt LS, Schnorr CE, Gonçalves FA, Bernardi L, Lamers ML. Glycolytic pathway candidate markers in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10504. [PMID: 33503201 PMCID: PMC7836401 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular changes that affect mitochondrial glycolysis have been associated with the maintenance of tumor cells. Some metabolic factors have already been described as predictors of disease severity and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Is the glycolytic pathway correlated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)? A search strategy was developed to retrieve studies in English from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science using keywords related to squamous cell carcinoma, survival, and glycolytic pathway, with no restriction of publication date. The search retrieved 1273 publications. After the titles and abstracts were analyzed, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into groups according to two subtopics, glycolytic pathways and diagnosis, which describe the glycolytic profile of OSCC tumors. Several components of tumor energy metabolism found in this review are important predictors of survival of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E C de Mattos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L F Diel
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L S Bittencourt
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Instituto Federal da Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola Técnica em Saúde, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - C E Schnorr
- Departamento de Ciências Naturales y Exactas, Universidad De La Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - F A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L Bernardi
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto Básico de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Lamers
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto Básico de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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19
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MicroRNA-107 inhibits proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting CACNA2D1 in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:260-271. [PMID: 31725046 PMCID: PMC7028296 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that α2δ1 has the potential to function as a cancer stem cell marker, and CACNA2D1 is the coding gene of α2δ1. But it is unclear how microRNAs regulate the expression of the CACNA2D1 gene in laryngeal cancer cells. We detected the expressions of α2δ1 protein, microRNA-107, and CACNA2D1 in 40 pairs of laryngeal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells, TU212 and TU686, were cultured and transfected in the blank control group, the agomiR negative control group, the agomiR-107 group, the antagomiR negative control group, or the antagomiR-107 group, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to assess the regulatory effect of microRNA-107 on CACNA2D1. Then, the effects of microRNA-107 on the biological function of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, MTT, cell migration/invasion assay, and cell colony-formation assay. Our data suggested that the protein level of α2δ1, encoded by CACNA2D1, in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, while the expression of microRNA-107 was significantly decreased in laryngeal carcinoma tissues. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that microRNA-107 bound to the 3′-UTR two positions (202-209, 902-908) of CACNA2D1 mRNA. Moreover, the expression of CACNA2D1 and α2δ1 protein were significantly decreased in TU212 and TU686 cells transfected with microRNA-107 expression vectors (P < 0.05), and proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion of these cells were also reduced. Furthermore, after knocking down microRNA-107, exactly opposite results were obtained. Overexpression of microRNA-107 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro.
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20
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He D, Zhang X, Zhu X, Maharjan N, Wang Y, Luo P, Liang C, Tu J. Identify and Validate the Transcriptomic, Functional Network, and Predictive Validity of FBXL19-AS1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:609601. [PMID: 33344260 PMCID: PMC7744744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.609601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common neoplastic diseases worldwide. Available biomarkers are not sensitive enough for the diagnosis of HCC, hence seeking new biomarkers of HCC is urgent and challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 19-antisense RNA 1 (FBXL19-AS1) through a functional network and inquire into its diagnostic and prognostic value in HCC. A comprehensive strategy of genomic data mining, bioinformatics and experimental validation was used to evaluate the clinical value of FBXL19-AS1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC and to identify the pathways in which FBXL19-AS1 might be involved. FBXL19-AS1 was up-regulated in HCC tissues, and its high expression was associated with TNM stage and poor prognosis of HCC patients. The combination of FBXL19-AS1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in plasma could prominently improve the diagnostic validity for HCC. FBXL19-AS1 might stabilize FBXL19 to reduce the amount of macrophage M1, and then promote the occurrence and development of HCC. Meanwhile, FBXL19-AS1 might participate in regulating HCC related pathways through FBXL19-AS1-miRNA-mRNA network. Our findings indicated that FBXL19-AS1 not only serves as a potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, but also might be functionally carcinogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong He
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Narayani Maharjan
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunzi Liang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Molecular and Functional Roles of MicroRNAs in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218362. [PMID: 33171811 PMCID: PMC7664704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major subtype. Viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders are multiple risk factors for liver cirrhosis and HCC development. Although great therapeutic advances have been made in recent decades, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to late diagnosis, chemotherapy failure, and frequent recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that regulate various molecular biological phenomena by suppressing the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs, which often become dysregulated in malignancy, control cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and development in HCC by promoting or suppressing tumors. Exploring the detailed mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated HCC development and progression can likely improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. This review summarizes the molecular and functional roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC. Further, it elucidates the utility of miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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22
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Zhai W, Lu H, Dong S, Fang J, Yu Z. Identification of potential key genes and key pathways related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:853-863. [PMID: 32556097 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignancy of the genitourinary system and is associated with high mortality rates. However, the molecular mechanism of ccRCC pathogenesis is still unclear, which translates to few effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis on three Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and identified 437 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to ccRCC development and prognosis, of which 311 and 126 genes are respectively down-regulated and up-regulated. The protein-protein interaction network of these DEGs consists of 395 nodes and 1872 interactions and 2 prominent modules. The Staphylococcus aureus infection and complement and coagulation cascades are significantly enriched in module 1 and are likely involved in ccRCC progression. Forty-two hub genes were screened, of which von Willebrand factor, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, plasminogen, formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase, solute carrier family 34 member 1, hydroxyacid oxidase 2, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 are possibly related to the prognosis of ccRCC. The differential expression of all nine genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ccRCC and normal renal tissues. These key genes are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haijiao Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shenghua Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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23
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Juengpanich S, Topatana W, Lu C, Staiculescu D, Li S, Cao J, Lin J, Hu J, Chen M, Chen J, Cai X. Role of cellular, molecular and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Possible targets and future directions in the regorafenib era. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1778-1792. [PMID: 32162677 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality, despite the recent development of new therapeutic options. Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the first systemic therapy that has a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC that have a poor response to sorafenib. Even though regorafenib has been approved by the FDA, the clinical trial for regorafenib treatment does not show significant improvement in overall survival. The impaired efficacy of regorafenib caused by various resistance mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, oxidative stress, fibrosis and autophagy, still needs to be resolved. In this review, we provide insight on regorafenib microenvironmental, molecular and cellular mechanisms and interactions in HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to help physicians select patients that would obtain the maximal benefits from regorafenib in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarun Juengpanich
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Staiculescu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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HMGCS2 Mediates Ketone Production and Regulates the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121876. [PMID: 31779269 PMCID: PMC6966636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor worldwide; however, the traditional therapeutic approaches and survival rates are still limited. To improve current therapies, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying liver cancer and to identify potential therapeutic targets. The aims of this study were to verify the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of the ketogenesis rate-limiting enzyme 3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining of human liver disease tissue arrays showed that HMGCS2 is abundantly expressed in normal liver tissues but is downregulated in cirrhosis and HCC tissues. In HCC patients, lower HMGCS2 expression was correlated with higher pathological grades and clinical stages. In our investigation of the molecular mechanisms of HMGCS2 in HCC, we showed that knockdown of HMGCS2 decreased ketone production, which promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorigenesis by enhancing c-Myc/cyclinD1 and EMT signaling and by suppressing the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Ketone body treatment reduced the proliferation- and migration-promoting effects of HMGCS2 knockdown in cells. In contrast, HMGCS2 overexpression increased the intracellular ketone level and inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorigenesis. Finally, ketogenic diet administration significantly inhibited liver cancer cell growth in mice. Our studies highlight the potential therapeutic strategy of targeting HMGCS2-mediated ketogenesis in liver cancer.
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25
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Kim JT, Li C, Weiss HL, Zhou Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Evers BM. Regulation of Ketogenic Enzyme HMGCS2 by Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ Pathway in Intestinal Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091106. [PMID: 31546785 PMCID: PMC6770209 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in development and renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting ketogenic enzyme in the synthesis of ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), contributes to the regulation of intestinal cell differentiation. Here, we have shown that HMGCS2 is a novel target of Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cancer cell lines and normal intestinal organoids. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in increased protein and mRNA expression of HMGCS2 and βHB production in human colon cancer cell lines LS174T and Caco2. In addition, Wnt inhibition increased expression of PPARγ and its target genes, FABP2 and PLIN2, in these cells. Conversely, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased protein and mRNA levels of HMGCS2, βHB production, and expression of PPARγ and its target genes in LS174T and Caco2 cells and mouse intestinal organoids. Moreover, inhibition of PPARγ reduced HMGCS2 expression and βHB production, while activation of PPARγ increased HMGCS2 expression and βHB synthesis. Furthermore, PPARγ bound the promoter of HMGCS2 and this binding was enhanced by β-catenin knockdown. Finally, we showed that HMGCS2 inhibited, while Wnt/β-catenin stimulated, glycolysis, which contributed to regulation of intestinal cell differentiation. Our results identified HMGCS2 as a downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling regulates intestinal cell differentiation, at least in part, through regulation of ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Chunming Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
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26
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Xu WH, Xu Y, Wang J, Wan FN, Wang HK, Cao DL, Shi GH, Qu YY, Zhang HL, Ye DW. Prognostic value and immune infiltration of novel signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma microenvironment. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6999-7020. [PMID: 31493764 PMCID: PMC6756904 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has highlighted the immune response as an important feature of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This study categorized ccRCC cases into high and low score groups based on their immune/stromal scores generated by the ESTIMATE algorithm, and identified an association between these scores and prognosis. Differentially expressed tumor environment (TME)-related genes extracted from common upregulated components in immune and stromal scores were described using functional annotations and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Most PPIs were selected for further prognostic investigation. Many additional previously neglected signatures, including AGPAT9, AQP7, HMGCS2, KLF15, MLXIPL, PPARGC1A, exhibited significant prognostic potential. In addition, multivariate Cox analysis indicated that MIXIPL and PPARGC1A were the most significant prognostic signatures, and were closely related to immune infiltration in TCGA cohort. External prognostic validation of MIXIPL and PPARGC1A was undertaken in 380 ccRCC cases from a real-world cohort. These findings indicate the relevance of monitoring and manipulation of the microenvironment for ccRCC prognosis and precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Ning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Da-Long Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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27
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Wang H, Lu J, Dolezal J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Chen A, Gorka J, Mandel JA, Prochownik EV. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by metabolic normalization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218186. [PMID: 31242205 PMCID: PMC6594671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In two different mouse liver cancer models, we recently showed that a switch from oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos) to glycolysis (the Warburg effect) is invariably accompanied by a marked decline in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a reciprocal increase in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which links glycolysis to the TCA cycle. We now show that short-term implementation of either medium-chain (MC) or long-chain (LC) high fat diets (HFDs) nearly doubled the survival of mice with c-Myc oncoprotein-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, HFDs forced tumors to become more reliant on fatty acids as an energy source, thus normalizing both FAO and PDH activities. More generally, both MC- and LC-HFDs partially or completely normalized the expression of 682 tumor-dysregulated transcripts, a substantial fraction of which are involved in cell cycle control, proliferation and metabolism. That these same transcripts were responsive to HFDs in livers strongly suggested that the changes were the cause of tumor inhibition rather than its consequence. In seven different human cancer cohorts, patients with tumors containing high ratios of FAO-related:glycolysis-related transcripts had prolonged survival relative to those with low ratios. Furthermore, in 13 human cancer types, the expression patterns of transcripts encoding enzymes participating in FAO and/or cholesterol biosynthesis also correlated with significantly prolonged survival. Collectively, our results support the idea that the survival benefits of HFDs are due to a reversal of the Warburg effect and other tumor-associated metabolic and cell cycle abnormalities. They also suggest that short-term dietary manipulation, either alone or in combination with more traditional chemotherapeutic regimens, might be employed as a relatively non-toxic and cost-effective means of enhancing survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Dolezal
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Angel Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joanna Gorka
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jordan A. Mandel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Hillman Cancer Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hao Y, Li D, Xu Y, Ouyang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Xie L, Qin G. Investigation of lipid metabolism dysregulation and the effects on immune microenvironments in pan-cancer using multiple omics data. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:195. [PMID: 31074374 PMCID: PMC6509864 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism reprogramming is a hallmark for tumor which contributes to tumorigenesis and progression, but the commonality and difference of lipid metabolism among pan-cancer is not fully investigated. Increasing evidences suggest that the alterations in tumor metabolism, including metabolite abundance and accumulation of metabolic products, lead to local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. An integrated analysis of lipid metabolism in cancers from different tissues using multiple omics data may provide novel insight into the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression. Results Through systematic analysis of the multiple omics data from TCGA, we found that the most-widely altered lipid metabolism pathways in pan-cancer are fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and PPAR signaling. Gene expression profiles of fatty acid metabolism show commonalities across pan-cancer, while the alteration in cholesterol metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism differ with tissue origin, suggesting tissue specific lipid metabolism features in different tumor types. An integrated analysis of gene expression, DNA methylation and mutations revealed factors that regulate gene expression, including the differentially methylated sites and mutations of the lipid genes, as well as mutation and differential expression of the up-stream transcription factors for the lipid metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis of the proportion of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the expression of lipid metabolism genes revealed immune-related differentially expressed lipid metabolic genes, indicating the potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and immune response. Genes related to lipid metabolism and immune response that are associated with poor prognosis were discovered including HMGCS2, GPX2 and CD36, which may provide clues for tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Conclusions Our study provides an integrated analysis of lipid metabolism in pan-cancer, highlights the perturbation of key metabolism processes in tumorigenesis and clarificates the regulation mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism and effects of lipid metabolism on tumor immune microenvironment. This study also provides new clues for biomarkers or therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism in tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2734-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daixi Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guangrong Qin
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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29
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Tang Z, Fang Y, Du R. MicroRNA-107 induces cell cycle arrests by directly targeting cyclin E1 in ovarian cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:331-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Shen L, Hu Y, Lou J, Yin S, Wang W, Wang Y, Xia Y, Wu W. CircRNA‑0044073 is upregulated in atherosclerosis and increases the proliferation and invasion of cells by targeting miR‑107. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3923-3932. [PMID: 30864721 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non‑coding RNAs implicated in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of circRNA‑0044073 in atherosclerosis. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to measure the expression levels of circRNA‑0044073, microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑107, janus kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and v‑myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c‑myc) in in blood cells from patients with atherosclerosis. RNA pull‑down and luciferase reporter assays were then used to determine the association between circRNA and miR expression, and miR and gene expression, respectively. Matrigel invasion assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell invasion and cell cycle. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to evaluate the expression levels of proteins. It was identified that the expression of circRNA‑0044073 was upregulated and the expression of miR‑107 was downregulated in atherosclerotic blood cells. Overexpression of circRNA‑0044073 promoted the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), while overexpression of miR‑107 inhibited their proliferation. In addition, circRNA‑0044073 suppressed the levels of miR‑107 via a sponge mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affected the proliferation of HUVSMCs and HUVECs, and also resulted in changes in circRNA‑0044073 expression levels. CircRNA‑0044073 promoted the proliferation and invasion of HUVSMCs and HUVECs in spite of the opposite effect observed with LPS treatment. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated in patients with atherosclerosis. CircRNA‑0044073 favored the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and inflammation in HUVSMCs and HUVECs. These data indicate that circRNA‑0044073 is upregulated in atherosclerosis and promotes the proliferation and invasion of cells by targeting miR‑107 and activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, potentially offering a target for novel treatment strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Lou
- Department of Neurology, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Sen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weiling Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Qi‑Lu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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31
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Zhang Z, Zhang HY, Zhang Y, Li H. Inactivation of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis alleviates diabetic mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction through suppression of corpus cavernosal endothelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting HMGCS2 expression. Endocrine 2019; 63:615-631. [PMID: 30460485 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) represents a significant complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) that greatly affects human life quality. Various reports have highlighted the involvement of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in the regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which has also been linked with DM. Through bioinformatics analysis, HMGCS2 was determined to be a novel target among DM patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), and enriched in the Ras/ERK/PPAR signaling axis. Owing to the fact that the key mechanism HMGCS2 involved in DM remains largely unknown, we set out to investigate the role of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis and HMGCS2 in the corpus cavernosal endothelial cells (CCECs) of rats with DMED. METHODS Firstly, bioinformatics analysis was used to screen out differentially expressed genes in DMED. Then, to investigate the influence of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis and HMGCS2 on DMED, a rat model of DMED was established and injected with Simvastatin and si-Hmgcs2. The individual expression patterns of Ras, MAPK, PPARγ and HMGCS2 were determined by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis methods. Afterwards, to investigate the mechanism of Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis and HMGCS2, CCECs were isolated from DMED rats and transfected with agonists and inhibitors of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis and siRNA of HMGCS2, with their respective functions in apoptosis and impairment of CCECs evaluated using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS Microarray analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that Ras/ERK/PPAR signaling axis mediated HMGCS2 in DMED. Among the DMED rats, the Ras/MAPK/PPAR signaling axis was also activated while the expression of HMGCS2 was upregulated. The activation of Ras was determined to be capable of upregulating ERK expression which resulted in the inhibition of the transcription of PPARγ and subsequent upregulation of HMGCS2 expression. The inhibited activation of the Ras/ERK/PPAR signaling axis and silencing HMGCS2 were observed to provide an alleviatory effect on the injury of DMED while acting to inhibit the apoptosis of CCECs. CONCLUSION Collectively, the key findings suggested that suppression of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis could downregulate expression of HMGCS2, so as to alleviate DMED. This study defines the potential treatment for DMED through inhibition of the Ras/MAPK/PPARγ signaling axis and silencing HMGCS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130000, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130000, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130000, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130000, Changchun, P.R. China.
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da Silveira WA, Renaud L, Simpson J, Glen WB, Hazard ES, Chung D, Hardiman G. miRmapper: A Tool for Interpretation of miRNA⁻mRNA Interaction Networks. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090458. [PMID: 30223528 PMCID: PMC6162471 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30% of all genes in the mammalian cells are regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). The most relevant miRNAs in a cellular context are not necessarily those with the greatest change in expression levels between healthy and diseased tissue. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs that modulate a large number of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts ultimately have a greater influence in determining phenotypic outcomes and are more important in a global biological context than miRNAs that modulate just a few mRNA transcripts. Here, we describe the development of a tool, “miRmapper”, which identifies the most dominant miRNAs in a miRNA–mRNA network and recognizes similarities between miRNAs based on commonly regulated mRNAs. Using a list of miRNA–target gene interactions and a list of DE transcripts, miRmapper provides several outputs: (1) an adjacency matrix that is used to calculate miRNA similarity utilizing the Jaccard distance; (2) a dendrogram and (3) an identity heatmap displaying miRNA clusters based on their effect on mRNA expression; (4) a miRNA impact table and (5) a barplot that provides a visual illustration of this impact. We tested this tool using nonmetastatic and metastatic bladder cancer cell lines and demonstrated that the most relevant miRNAs in a cellular context are not necessarily those with the greatest fold change. Additionally, by exploiting the Jaccard distance, we unraveled novel cooperative interactions between miRNAs from independent families in regulating common target mRNAs; i.e., five of the top 10 miRNAs act in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian A da Silveira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Jonathan Simpson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - William B Glen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Edward S Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Academic Affairs Faculty, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Laboratory for Marine Systems Biology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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Xu X, Tao Y, Shan L, Chen R, Jiang H, Qian Z, Cai F, Ma L, Yu Y. The Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:3557-3569. [PMID: 30310513 PMCID: PMC6171016 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, leading to the second cancer-related death in the global. Although the treatment of HCC has greatly improved over the past few decades, the survival rate of patients is still quite low. Thus, it is urgent to explore new therapies, especially seek for more accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are pivotal participants and regulators in the development and progression of HCC. Great progress has been made in the studies of miRNAs in HCC. The key regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs include proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, drug resistance and autophagy in HCC. And exosomal miRNAs also play important roles in proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in HCC by regulating gene expression in the target cells. In addition, some miRNAs, including exosomal miRNAs, can be as potential diagnostic and prediction markers in HCC. This review summarizes the latest researches development of miRNAs in HCC in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Tao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P.R. China
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression and thus play crucial roles in controlling cancer-onset, growth, and progression processes. miR107, a highly conserved microRNA that maps to intron 5 of the PANK1 gene, contributes to the regulation of normal and tumor biological processes. Studies have reported that miR107 has oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions in different human tumors. The pleiotropic functions of miR107 in various cancers are achieved via its targeting different genes that are involved in tumor proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy-response pathways. The carcinogenicity or cancer-suppressor effects of miR107 occur in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, and the expression level of miR107 can be affected by various factors, including epigenetic and genetic factors, treatment exposure, and daily diet. A comprehensive analysis of the current literature suggests that miR107 functions as a central element in the regulation of cancer networks and can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and drug target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
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Chu J, Li N, Gai W. Identification of genes that predict the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3447-3452. [PMID: 30127947 PMCID: PMC6096182 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer types in men. Biochemical recurrence continues to occur in a large proportion of patients after radical prostatectomy. Thus, prognostic biomarkers are required to determine which treatment is suitable. In the present study, RNA-sequencing gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used in order to develop a risk-score staging system based on the expression of eight genes. Cox multivariate regression was used to predict the outcome of patients with PCa. The biomedical recurrence-free survival of patients with low-risk scores was significantly longer compared with patients with high-risk scores (P=5×10−7). This result was further validated using another dataset, GSE70769, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The prognostic values of other clinical information and risk scores were evaluated for 5-year biochemical recurrence. The prognostic value of the risk score was determined using an area under curve value of 0.819, predicting the 5-year biochemical recurrence of patients with PCa. The risk score was identified to be significantly associated with primary tumor stage (P<0.01), Gleason score (P<0.01), and lymph node invasion (P<0.05), but was independent of age. Cox multivariate regression revealed that the risk score was an indicator for prediction of biochemical recurrence. Thus, the risk score is a valuable and robust indicator for predicting the biochemical recurrence of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chu
- Department of Urology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Urology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Gai
- Department of Urology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 265200, P.R. China
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