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Hao Z, Liu X, He H, Wei Z, Shu X, Wang J, Sun B, Zhou H, Wang J, Niu Y, Hu Z, Hu S, Liu Y, Fu Z. CYP2E1 deficit mediates cholic acid-induced malignant growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Med 2024; 30:79. [PMID: 38844847 PMCID: PMC11157842 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased level of serum cholic acid (CA) is often accompanied with decreased CYP2E1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the roles of CA and CYP2E1 in hepatocarcinogenesis have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CYP2E1 and CA in HCC cell growth. METHODS The proteomic analysis of liver tumors from DEN-induced male SD rats with CA administration was used to reveal the changes of protein expression in the CA treated group. The growth of CA-treated HCC cells was examined by colony formation assays. Autophagic flux was assessed with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of CYP2E1, mTOR, AKT, p62, and LC3II/I. A xenograft tumor model in nude mice was used to examine the role of CYP2E1 in CA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The samples from HCC patients were used to evaluate the clinical value of CYP2E1 expression. RESULTS CA treatment significantly increased the growth of HCC cells and promoted xenograft tumors accompanied by a decrease of CYP2E1 expression. Further studies revealed that both in vitro and in vivo, upregulated CYP2E1 expression inhibited the growth of HCC cells, blocked autophagic flux, decreased AKT phosphorylation, and increased mTOR phosphorylation. CYP2E1 was involved in CA-activated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling. Finally, decreased CYP2E1 expression was observed in the tumor tissues of HCC patients and its expression level in tumors was negatively correlated with the serum level of total bile acids (TBA) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). CONCLUSIONS CYP2E1 downregulation contributes to CA-induced HCC development presumably through autophagy regulation. Thus, CYP2E1 may serve as a potential target for HCC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhixuan Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jiucheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ying Niu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Huangpi District of Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430399, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Liver transplant center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Liver transplant center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhengqi Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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Stroud AM, Coleman MF. Bariatric surgery in the prevention of obesity-associated cancers: mechanistic implications. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:772-780. [PMID: 37120355 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of at least 13 different cancers, as well as worse cancer outcomes and increased cancer mortality. As rates continue to rise both in the United States and worldwide, obesity is poised to become the leading lifestyle-related risk factor for cancer. Currently, the most effective treatment for patients with severe obesity is bariatric surgery. Multiple cohort studies have demonstrated a consistent >30% decreased risk of cancer incidence in women, but not men, following bariatric surgery. However, the physiologic mechanisms driving obesity-associated cancer and the cancer-protective effect of bariatric surgery are not clearly defined. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in the mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated cancer. Evidence from both human studies and preclinical animal models suggest that obesity drives carcinogenesis through dysregulation of systemic metabolism, immune dysfunction, and an altered gut microbiome. Additionally, we present related findings to suggest that bariatric surgery may disrupt and even reverse many of these mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the use of preclinical bariatric surgery animal models in the study of cancer biology. The prevention of cancer is emerging as an important indication for bariatric surgery. Elucidating the mechanisms through which bariatric surgery limits carcinogenesis is critical to developing a variety of interventions that intercept obesity-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Stroud
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Kemperman RHJ, Chouinard CD, Yost RA. Characterization of Bile Acid Isomers and the Implementation of High-Resolution Demultiplexing with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37319333 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a complex suite of clinically relevant metabolites that include many isomers. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an increasingly popular technique due to its high specificity and sensitivity; nonetheless, acquisition times are generally 10-20 min, and isomers are not always resolved. In this study, the application of ion mobility (IM) spectrometry coupled to MS was investigated to separate, characterize, and measure BAs. A subset of 16 BAs was studied, including three groups of isomers belonging to unconjugated, glycine-conjugated, and taurine-conjugated BA classes. A variety of strategies were explored to increase BA isomer separation such as changing the drift gas, measuring different ionic species (i.e., multimers and cationized species), and enhancing the instrumental resolving power. In general, Ar, N2, and CO2 provided the best peak shape, resolving power (Rp), and separation, especially CO2; He and SF6 were less preferable. Furthermore, measuring dimers versus monomers improved isomer separation due to enhanced gas-phase structural differences. A variety of cation adducts other than sodium were characterized. Mobility arrival times and isomer separation were affected by the choice of adduct, which was shown to be used to target certain BAs. Finally, a novel workflow that involves high-resolution demultiplexing in combination with dipivaloylmethane ion-neutral clusters was implemented to improve Rp dramatically. A maximum Rp increase was observed with lower IM field strengths to obtain longer drift times, increasing Rp from 52 to 187. A combination of these separation enhancement strategies demonstrates great potential for rapid BA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H J Kemperman
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - Richard A Yost
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Chen Z, Wei C, Yu Z, Yang K, Huang Z, Hu H, Wang ZG. An effective method for preventing cholestatic liver injury of Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: Inflammation suppression and regulate the expression of bile acid receptors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115330. [PMID: 35500801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix (VR) were used to treat gastrointestinal, liver and gallbladder diseases at practice. In most conditions, VR was used to be a substitute of AR or a local habit may attribute to the same main active ingredients Costunolide and Dehydrocostus lactone, which presented many similar pharmacological activities. However, other different lactone compounds in AR and VR also play a role in disease treatment, so the difference in therapeutic effects of AR and VR in related diseases needs to be further studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY Revealing the differences between the chemical compounds of the total lactone extracts of AR and VR (TLE of AR and VR) and the differences in the protective effects of cholestatic liver injury to ensure rational use of AR and VR. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify and enrich the lactone compounds to obtain the total lactone extracts of AR and VR. HPLC-PDA was used to obtain the data to establish chemical fingerprint and chemometric analysis to compare similarities and differences between TLE of AR and VR. The pharmacodynamic experiment revealed how TLE of AR and VR to show protect effects on cholestatic liver injury. RESULTS Similarity analysis results showed TLE of AR and VR had a high similarity (>0.9). Nevertheless, difference analysis results showed 4 compounds, Costunolide, Dehydrocostus lactone, 3β-acetoxy-11β-guaia-4 (15), 10 (14)-diene-12,6α-olide and vladinol F may contribute to the differences between them. The pharmacodynamics experiments results showed the TLE of AR and VR affected the different liver cholate-associated transporters mRNA expression (TLE of AR up-regulated CYP7A1, TLE of VR down-regulated FXR and BSEP), the TLE of AR and VR had an effect to regulate biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, ALP, TBA) of liver function, and TLE of VR was better than TLE of AR in reducing the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-1β). CONCLUSION The liver protection of AR and VR have been confirmed, but the differences of material basis and mechanism of drug efficacy needed further study to guarantee formulation research and provide theoretical references for clinical rational applications of AR and VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhan-Guo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Laboratory of Metabonomics, Standard Research and Extension Base& Collaborative Innovation Center of Qiang Medicine, School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:432-450. [PMID: 35165436 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) can regulate their own metabolism and transport as well as other key aspects of metabolic homeostasis via dedicated (nuclear and G protein-coupled) receptors. Disrupted BA transport and homeostasis results in the development of cholestatic disorders and contributes to a wide range of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, impaired BA homeostasis can also affect the intestine, contributing to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal and oesophageal cancer. Here, we provide a summary of the role of BAs and their disrupted homeostasis in the development of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders and present novel insights on how targeting BA pathways might contribute to novel treatment strategies for these disorders.
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Zhang J, Wang N, Zheng Y, Yang B, Wang S, Wang X, Pan B, Wang Z. Naringenin in Si-Ni-San formula inhibits chronic psychological stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating estrogen metabolism through FXR/EST pathway. J Adv Res 2022; 47:189-207. [PMID: 35718080 PMCID: PMC10173160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic psychological stress is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer development. Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed to psychological disorder patients. However, its action effects, molecular mechanisms, and bioactive phytochemicals against breast cancer are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the modulatory mechanism and bioactive compound of SNS in regulating estrogen metabolism during breast cancer development induced by chronic psychological stress. METHODS Mouse breast cancer xenograft was used to determine the effect of SNS on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to discover the impact of SNS on metabolic profile changes in vivo. Multiple molecular biology experiments and breast cancer xenografts were applied to verify the anti-metastatic potentials of the screened bioactive compound. RESULTS SNS remarkably inhibited chronic psychological stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis in the mouse breast cancer xenograft. Meanwhile, chronic psychological stress increased the level of cholic acid, accompanied by the elevation of estradiol. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that cholic acid activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, which inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-mediated estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) transcription in hepatocytes, and finally resulting in estradiol elevation. Notably, SNS inhibited breast cancer growth by suppressing estradiol level via modulating FXR/EST signaling. Furthermore, luciferase-reporting gene assay screened naringenin as the most bioactive compound in SNS for triggering EST activity in hepatocytes. Interestingly, pharmacokinetic study revealed that naringenin had the highest absorption in the liver tissue. Following in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that naringenin inhibited stress-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis by promoting estradiol metabolism via FXR/EST signaling. CONCLUSION This study not only highlights FXR/EST signaling as a crucial target in mediating stress-induced breast cancer development, but also provides naringenin as a potential candidate for breast cancer endocrine therapy via promoting estradiol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Díaz C, González-Olmedo C, Díaz-Beltrán L, Camacho J, Mena García P, Martín-Blázquez A, Fernández-Navarro M, Ortega-Granados AL, Gálvez-Montosa F, Marchal JA, Vicente F, Pérez Del Palacio J, Sánchez-Rovira P. Predicting dynamic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a novel metabolomics approach. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2658-2671. [PMID: 35338693 PMCID: PMC9297806 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) outcomes vary according to breast cancer (BC) subtype. Since pathologic complete response is one of the most important target endpoints of NACT, further investigation of NACT outcomes in BC is crucial. Thus, identifying sensitive and specific predictors of treatment response for each phenotype would enable early detection of chemoresistance and residual disease, decreasing exposures to ineffective therapies and enhancing overall survival rates. We used liquid chromatography−high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS)‐based untargeted metabolomics to detect molecular changes in plasma of three different BC subtypes following the same NACT regimen, with the aim of searching for potential predictors of response. The metabolomics data set was analyzed by combining univariate and multivariate statistical strategies. By using ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), we were able to determine the prognostic value of potential biomarker candidates of response to NACT in the triple‐negative (TN) subtype. Higher concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and secondary bile acids were found at basal and presurgery samples, respectively, in the responders group. In addition, the glycohyocholic and glycodeoxycholic acids were able to classify TN patients according to response to treatment and overall survival with an area under the curve model > 0.77. In relation to luminal B (LB) and HER2+ subjects, it should be noted that significant differences were related to time and individual factors. Specifically, tryptophan was identified to be decreased over time in HER2+ patients, whereas LysoPE (22:6) appeared to be increased, but could not be associated with response to NACT. Therefore, the combination of untargeted‐based metabolomics along with longitudinal statistical approaches may represent a very useful tool for the improvement of treatment and in administering a more personalized BC follow‐up in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | | | | | - José Camacho
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Mena García
- Fundación MEDINA; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Ariadna Martín-Blázquez
- Fundación MEDINA; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18012, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - José Pérez Del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA; Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
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Khalil A, ElSheashaey A, Abdelsameea E, Obada M, Bayomy F.F. M, El-Said H. Value of Bile Acids in Diagnosing Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10191. [PMID: 35996509 PMCID: PMC8915635 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2021.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabonomic studies have related bile acids to hepatic impairment, but their role in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma still unclear. The study aimed to examine the feasibility of bile acids in distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from post hepatitis C virus-induced liver cirrhosis.Methods: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry measured 14 bile acids in patients with noncirrhotic post hepatitis C virus disease (n = 50), cirrhotic post hepatitis C virus disease (n = 50), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 50), and control group (n = 50).Results: The spectrum of liver disease was associated with a significant increase in many conjugated bile acids. The fold changes in many bile acid concentrations showed a linear trend with hepatocellular carcinoma > cirrhotic disease > noncirrhotic disease > healthy controls (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed five conjugated acids TCA, GCA, GUDCA, TCDCA, GCDCA, that discriminated hepatocellular carcinoma from noncirrhotic liver patients (AUC = 0.85–0.96) with a weaker potential to distinguish it from chronic liver cirrhosis (AUC = 0.41–0.64).Conclusion: Serum bile acids are associated primarily with liver cirrhosis with little value in predicting the progress of cirrhotic disease to hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ashraf Khalil,
| | - Azza ElSheashaey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Manar Obada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bayomy F.F.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Hala El-Said
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
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9
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Hu T, Li H, Xu B, Du P, Liu L, An Z. Parallel derivatization strategy for comprehensive profiling of unconjugated and glycine-conjugated bile acids using Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105986. [PMID: 34454009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are steroidal compounds that play important roles in the occurrence and development of liver injury. However, comprehensive characterization of BAs was rarely reported due to the limitations of both standards access and detection sensitivity. In this study, a parallel derivatization strategy was established for the sensitive and comprehensive profiling of unconjugated and glycine-conjugated BAs by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Two structural analogues 2-hydrazinyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (DMP) and 2-hydrazinylpyrimidine (DP) were used as the parallel derivatization reagents for BAs labeling, facilitating the improvements of both detection sensitivities and chromatographic performances. The derivatization reactions can be completed in 20 min at room temperature, with derivatization efficacy higher than 99 %. Through derivatization, the sensitivity of BAs increased dozens or hundreds of times compared to their non-derivatized forms. Due to the structural similarities of derivatized BAs, general MS parameters can be forged for the analysis of DMP and DP labeled BAs. In addition, the DP labeled BAs were incorporated into the DMP derivatized biological samples for both the discovery and comprehensive characterization of BAs. Retention time shift (RTS) and peak area ratio (PAR) induced by the parallel DMP and DP labeled BAs were used for the rapid identification of BAs from complex biological samples. More than 200 BAs were profiled in rat serum using this parallel derivatization strategy. Further, the new strategy was successfully implemented in BAs profiling of serum samples from tripterysium glycosides-induced liver injury rat model. The disturbance of the BA metabolism network was further interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
| | - Han Li
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Benshan Xu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Ping Du
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Zhuoling An
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
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10
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Khalil A, Elsheashaey A, Abdelsameea E, Obada M, Mohamed Bayomy FF, El-Said H. Role of bile acids in the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bile acids are essential organic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and regarded as indicators of hepatobiliary impairment; however, their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. The study aimed to examine the feasibility of bile acids in distinguishing HCC from post hepatitis C virus liver cirrhosis. A UPLC/MS was used to measure 14 bile acids in patients with noncirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), cirrhotic HCV disease (n = 50), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 50), and control group (n = 50).
Results
The progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC was associated with a significant increase in serum bile acids compared to the normal or the noncirrhotic HCV disease (p < 0.05). The fold changes in bile acids concentrations showed a trend that HCC > cirrhotic HCV disease > noncirrhotic HCV disease. Four conjugated acids GCA, GCDCA, GUDCA, and TCDCA steadily increased across the different groups. ROC curves analysis revealed that these bile acids discriminated noncirrhotic liver patients from HCC (AUC 0.850–0.963), with a weaker potential to distinguish chronic liver cirrhosis from HCC (AUC 0.414–0.638).
Conclusion
The level of serum bile acid was associated primarily with liver cirrhosis, with little value in predicting the progress of chronic liver cirrhotic disease into hepatocellular carcinoma.
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11
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Girisa S, Henamayee S, Parama D, Rana V, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:21. [PMID: 35006466 PMCID: PMC8607382 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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12
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Sojitra C, Dholakia C, Sudhakar P, Singh KK, Agarwal S. Identification of degradation impurity of TGR5 receptor agonist-ZY12201 by LC-MS technique during force degradation study. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:660. [PMID: 34056545 PMCID: PMC8144688 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study is a systemic characterization of degradation products of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at conditions which posses more harsh environment that accelerates degradation of API. Forced degradation and stability studies would be useful in selection of proper, packaging material and storage conditions of the API. These are also useful to demonstrate degradation pathways and degradation products of the API and further characterisation of the degradation products using mass spectrometry. TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor, activation of which promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and modulates insulin secretion. The potent and orally bioavailable TGR5 agonist, ZY12201, shows activation of TGR5 which increase secretion of GLP-1 and help in lowering blood glucose level in animal models. Hence it is necessary to establish and study degradation pathway and stability of API for better handling and regulatory approval. Force degradation studies of ZY12201 have shown presence of one oxidative impurity during oxidative degradation in HPLC analysis. The oxidized product is further characterized by LC-MS to elucidate structure of impurity and characterize its degradation pathway. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-021-04660-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant Sojitra
- API Division, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Changodar, Ahmedabad, 382 210 India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda, 390 002 India
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382 210 India
| | - Chintan Dholakia
- API Division, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Changodar, Ahmedabad, 382 210 India
| | - Padmaja Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda, 390 002 India
| | - Kumar K. Singh
- API Division, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Changodar, Ahmedabad, 382 210 India
| | - Sameer Agarwal
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382 210 India
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13
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Gándola YB, Fontana C, Bojorge MA, Luschnat TT, Moretton MA, Chiapetta DA, Verstraeten SV, González L. Concentration-dependent effects of sodium cholate and deoxycholate bile salts on breast cancer cells proliferation and survival. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3521-3539. [PMID: 32297292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are bioactive molecules that have potential therapeutic interest and their derived salts are used in several pharmaceutical systems. BAs have been associated with tumorigenesis of several tissues including the mammary tissue. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize their effects on cancer cells. The objective of this work was to analyse the molecular and cellular effects of the bile salts sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate on epithelial breast cancer cell lines. Bile salts (BSs) effects over breast cancer cells viability and proliferation were assessed by MTS and BrdU assays, respectively. Activation of cell signaling mediators was determined by immunobloting. Microscopy was used to analyze cell migration, and cellular and nuclear morphology. Interference of membrane fluidity was studied by generalized polarization and fluorescence anisotropy. BSs preparations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate had dual effects on cell viability, increasing it at the lower concentrations assessed and decreasing it at the highest ones. The increase of cell viability was associated with the promotion of AKT phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression. High concentrations of bile salts induced apoptosis as well as sustained activation of p38 and AKT. In addition, they affected cell membrane fluidity but not significant effects on cell migration were observed. In conclusion, bile salts have concentration-dependent effects on breast cancer cells, promoting cell proliferation at physiological levels and being cytotoxic at supraphysiological ones. Their effects were associated with the activation of kinases involved in cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila B Gándola
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Fontana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana A Bojorge
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tania T Luschnat
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Moretton
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Chiapetta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra V Verstraeten
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Adio J, Burch J. Chronic diarrhoea due to bile salt malabsorption: nurse-led assessment, medical treatment and dietary management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/gasn.2020.18.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile salt malabsorption (BSM) occurs when bile salts, which are secreted in the small bowel to aid digestion of fats and vitamins, are not sufficiently re-absorbed in the terminal ileum. Consequently, an excess of bile salts enters the colon, causing chronic explosive diarrhoea, associated with abdominal cramps, flatulence and urgent, frequent and unpredictable bowel habits. BSM affects around 1% of the population, often occuring in ileal Crohn's disease or after ileal resection. Diagnosis begins with a nurse-led assessment, including blood and stool tests, to exclude other potential organic causes of chronic diarrhoea. BSM can then be confirmed and classified with a75Se-homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT) scan. BSM can be treated medically with bile salt sequestrants, including colestyramine sachets, which are approved but have an unpleasant taste, and colesevelam tablets, which are more tolerable but more expensive and not yet approved. However, long-term sequestrant use can impact absorption of vitamins and other medications. BSM can also be managed with a low-fat diet, which is cost-effective and can reduce the amount of bile secreted. Nurses should provide patient education to ensure adherence and safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Adio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nurse Specialist
| | - Jennie Burch
- Head of Gastrointestinal Nurse Education, both at St Mark's Hospital, London
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15
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Li AD, Xie XL, Qi W, Wang WB, Ma JJ, Zhao DQ, Jiang XY, Chen L, Bai Y, Jiang HQ. TGR5 promotes cholangiocarcinoma by interacting with mortalin. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111855. [PMID: 31978385 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by bile acids, and mortalin is a multipotent chaperone of the HSP70 family. In the present study, TGR5 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) specimens, and TGR5 expression in ECC tissues and adjacent tissues was compared. In vitro TGR5 was overexpressed and knocked down in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cell line RBE and human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) cell line QBC-939 to observe its effects on the biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cells, including proliferation, apoptosis and migration. In vivo xenograft model was constructed to explore the role of TGR5 in CC growth. Proteins that interacted with TGR5 were screened using an immunoprecipitation spectrometry approach, and the identified protein was down-regulated to investigate its contribution to CC growth. The present study demonstrated that TGR5 is highly expressed in CC tissues, and strong TGR5 expression may indicate high malignancy in CC. Furthermore, TGR5 promotes CC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. TGR5 boosts CC growth in vivo. In addition, TGR5 combines with mortalin and regulates mortalin expression in the CC cell line. Mortalin participates in the TGR5-induced increase in CC cell proliferation. In conclusion, TGR5 is of clinical significance based on its implications for the degree of malignancy in patients with CC. Mortalin may be a downstream component regulated by TGR5, and TGR5 promotes cholangiocarcinoma at least partially by interacting with mortalin and upregulating its expression. Both TGR5 and mortalin are positive regulators, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Di Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Ji Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei, China.
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16
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Garcia M, Thirouard L, Monrose M, Holota H, De Haze A, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRα) is a critical actor of the development and pathologies of the male reproductive system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4849-4859. [PMID: 31407019 PMCID: PMC11105758 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid-X-receptorα (FXRα; NR1H4) is one of the main bile acid (BA) receptors. During the last decades, through the use of pharmalogical approaches and transgenic mouse models, it has been demonstrated that the nuclear receptor FXRα controls numerous physiological functions such as glucose or energy metabolisms. It is also involved in the etiology or the development of several pathologies. Here, we will review the unexpected roles of FXRα on the male reproductive tract. FXRα has been demonstrated to play functions in the regulation of testicular and prostate homeostasis. Even though additional studies are needed to confirm these findings in humans, the reviewed reports open new field of research to better define the effects of bile acid-FXRα signaling pathways on fertility disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Garcia
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Thirouard
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - David H Volle
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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17
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Holota H, Thirouard L, Garcia M, Monrose M, de Haze A, Saru JP, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Fxralpha gene is a target gene of hCG signaling pathway and represses hCG induced steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105460. [PMID: 31470110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bile acid receptor Farnesoid-X-Receptor alpha (FXRα), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is well known for its roles in the enterohepatic tract. In addition, FXRα regulates testicular physiology through the control of both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine function of the Leydig cells is mainly controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary axis viaLH/chorionic gonadotropin (CG). If FXRα was demonstrated to control the expression of the Lhcgr gene, encoding the LH receptor; the impact of the LH/CG signaling on the Fxrα expression has not been defined so far. Here, we demonstrate that hCG increases the Fxrα gene expression through the protein kinase-A signaling pathway. Fxrα is then involved in a negative feedback of steroid synthesis. These data improve our knowledge of the local control of the testicular steroidogenesis with the identification of the link between the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and the FXRα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Holota
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Thirouard
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manon Garcia
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique de Haze
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - David H Volle
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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18
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Kreuder AJ, Lashley V, Yaeger M, Schleining JA, Plummer PJ. Histopathology and Spatial Distribution of Putative Growth Factors in Relation to Bacterial Localization of Campylobacter jejuni Within the Ovine Gallbladder. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:226. [PMID: 31355215 PMCID: PMC6640310 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen that is the leading cause of both human foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and ovine abortion in the United States. Previous studies have demonstrated that the gallbladder of ruminants is often positive on culture for Campylobacter sp., suggesting that this environment may serve as a chronic nidus of infection for maintenance of disease within populations. The objective of this study was to determine if previously identified putative growth promoting factors of C. jejuni are present within the gallbladder mucosa of sheep and to evaluate for bacterial co-localization of C. jejuni with these compounds following experimental inoculation. Direct gallbladder inoculation with C. jejuni sheep abortion (SA) clone clinical isolate IA3902 followed by immunohistochemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy allowed for identification of C. jejuni at the gallbladder mucosal surface and within the gallbladder submucosal glands. Histochemistry identified several putative Campylobacter growth promoting factors including neutral and acid mucins as well as L-fucose to be present both on the mucosal surface as well as in the gallbladder submucosal glands. In summary, following experimental inoculation of the ovine gallbladder, C. jejuni IA3902 was identified in direct contact with the gallbladder mucosal surface and deep mucosal glands in the same location as several putative growth promoting factors. This suggests the yet to be tested hypothesis that under natural conditions of infection, the gallbladder submucosal glands have the potential to provide a protected niche for chronic carriage of C. jejuni in animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Victoria Lashley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jennifer A Schleining
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paul J Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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19
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Sánchez-Crisóstomo I, Fernández-Martínez E, Cariño-Cortés R, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Bobadilla-Lugo RA. Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:197-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190219122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral
infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of
cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is
the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological
treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective.
The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources
of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs.
Review and Conclusion:
Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant,
metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized
as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some
chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents,
but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids
due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating
nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the
prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sánchez-Crisóstomo
- Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Center for Research on Reproductive Biology, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo's State, Pachuca, Mexico
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Chetwynd AJ, Ogilvie LA, Nzakizwanayo J, Pazdirek F, Hoch J, Dedi C, Gilbert D, Abdul-Sada A, Jones BV, Hill EM. The potential of nanoflow liquid chromatography-nano electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry for global profiling the faecal metabolome. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:127-136. [PMID: 31047664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Faeces are comprised of a wide array of metabolites arising from the circulatory system as well as the human microbiome. A global metabolite analysis (metabolomics) of faecal extracts offers the potential to uncover new compounds which may be indicative of the onset of bowel diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). To date, faecal metabolomics is still in its infancy and the compounds of low abundance present in faecal extracts poorly characterised. In this study, extracts of faeces from healthy subjects were profiled using a sensitive nanoflow-nanospray LC-MS platform which resulted in highly repeatable peak retention times (<2% CV) and intensities (<15% CV). Analysis of the extracts revealed wide coverage of the faecal metabolome including detection of low abundant signalling compounds such as sex steroids and eicosanoids, alongside highly abundant pharmaceuticals and tetrapyrrole metabolites. A small pilot study investigating differences in metabolomics profiles of faecal samples obtained from 7 CRC, 25 adenomatous polyp and 26 healthy groups revealed that secondary bile acids, conjugated androgens, eicosanoids, phospholipids and an unidentified haem metabolite were potential classes of metabolites that discriminated between the CRC and control sample groups. However, much larger follow up studies are needed to confirm which components of the faecal metabolome are associated with actual CRC disease rather than dietary influences. This study reveals the potential of nanospray-nanoflow LC-MS profiling of faecal samples from large scale cohort studies for uncovering the role of the faecal metabolome in colorectal disease formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lesley A Ogilvie
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Jonathan Nzakizwanayo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Filip Pazdirek
- Surgery Department, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hoch
- Surgery Department, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cinzia Dedi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Duncan Gilbert
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, BN2 5DA, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Brian V Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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MahmoudianDehkordi S, Arnold M, Nho K, Ahmad S, Jia W, Xie G, Louie G, Kueider-Paisley A, Moseley MA, Thompson JW, St John Williams L, Tenenbaum JD, Blach C, Baillie R, Han X, Bhattacharyya S, Toledo JB, Schafferer S, Klein S, Koal T, Risacher SL, Kling MA, Motsinger-Reif A, Rotroff DM, Jack J, Hankemeier T, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Weiner MW, Doraiswamy PM, van Duijn CM, Saykin AJ, Kastenmüller G, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease-An emerging role for gut microbiome. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:76-92. [PMID: 30337151 PMCID: PMC6487485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in central nervous system disorders and a specific role for the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration. Bile acids (BAs), products of cholesterol metabolism and clearance, are produced in the liver and are further metabolized by gut bacteria. They have major regulatory and signaling functions and seem dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Serum levels of 15 primary and secondary BAs and their conjugated forms were measured in 1464 subjects including 370 cognitively normal older adults, 284 with early mild cognitive impairment, 505 with late mild cognitive impairment, and 305 AD cases enrolled in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. We assessed associations of BA profiles including selected ratios with diagnosis, cognition, and AD-related genetic variants, adjusting for confounders and multiple testing. RESULTS In AD compared to cognitively normal older adults, we observed significantly lower serum concentrations of a primary BA (cholic acid [CA]) and increased levels of the bacterially produced, secondary BA, deoxycholic acid, and its glycine and taurine conjugated forms. An increased ratio of deoxycholic acid:CA, which reflects 7α-dehydroxylation of CA by gut bacteria, strongly associated with cognitive decline, a finding replicated in serum and brain samples in the Rush Religious Orders and Memory and Aging Project. Several genetic variants in immune response-related genes implicated in AD showed associations with BA profiles. DISCUSSION We report for the first time an association between altered BA profile, genetic variants implicated in AD, and cognitive changes in disease using a large multicenter study. These findings warrant further investigation of gut dysbiosis and possible role of gut-liver-brain axis in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa St John Williams
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica D Tenenbaum
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mitchel Allan Kling
- Behavioral Health Service, Crescenz VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John Jack
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Neurology, Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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22
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Yang T, Khan GJ, Wu Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Bile acid homeostasis paradigm and its connotation with cholestatic liver diseases. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:112-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Rats by Hugan Qingzhi Tablets during the Treatment of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7261619. [PMID: 30671174 PMCID: PMC6323444 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7261619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulative evidence showed that gut microbiota was important in regulating the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hugan Qingzhi tablet (HQT), a lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory medicinal formula, has been used to prevent and treat NAFLD. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. The aim of this study was to confirm whether HQT reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD rats. Methods We established an NAFLD model of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), which was given different interventions, and measured the level of liver biochemical indices and inflammatory factors. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O. Changes in the gut microbiota composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results The hepatic histology and biochemical data displayed that HQT exhibited protective effects on HFD-induced rats. Moreover, HQT also reduced the abundance of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in HFD-fed rats and modified the gut microbial species at the genus level, increasing the abundances of gut microbiota which were reported to have an effect on relieving NAFLD, such as Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Bifidobacteria, Alistipes, and Anaeroplasma, and significantly inhibiting the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Holdemanella, Allobaculum, and Blautia, which were reported to be potentially related to NAFLD. Spearman's correlation analysis found that [Ruminococcus]_gauvreauii_group, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Allobaculum, and Holdemanella exhibited significant (p < 0.001) positive correlations with triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and body weight and negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001). The norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group and Alistipes showed an opposite trend. Moreover, the HQT could promote flavonoid biosynthesis compared with the HFD group. Conclusion In summary, the HQT has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, which may be closely related to its modulatory effect on the gut microbiota.
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24
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Huang S, Zheng J, Yang Q, Chen G, Xu J, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang G. High-Efficiency, Matrix Interference-Free, General Applicable Probes for Bile Acids Extraction and Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800774. [PMID: 30581699 PMCID: PMC6299822 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although bile acids (BAs) have been suggested as important biomarkers for endocrine diseases, the identification and quantification of different BAs are still challenges due to their enormous species and wide range concentrations. Herein, a copolymer probe based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is fabricated through a simple in-mold photopolymerization for the selective extraction of BAs. Through the unique stereochemical affinity between BAs and the cavity of β-CD, the custom probe shows superior enriching capacities to series BAs. Moreover, the outstanding extraction ability is proved to be consistent in various interfering conditions, including pH changing and the addition of complex matrix. Further comparison shows that the stereostructure of the nucleus of BAs plays a vital role during the formation of the β-CD/BA complex, indicating the potential for efficient extraction of other BAs, including their structural analogues or some unknown ones. The developed probe is used for solid phase microextraction, and the limits of detection are lower than 0.075 ng mL-1 by coupling to high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass analysis. The results in this study highlight the potential for effective improvement of immediate detection and profiling of BAs in real samples, which will make a tremendous impact in the analytical field or clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Jiating Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Yong Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Urology DepartmentSun Yat‐Sen University Sixth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275China
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Arisqueta L, Navarro-Imaz H, Labiano I, Rueda Y, Fresnedo O. High-fat diet overfeeding promotes nondetrimental liver steatosis in female mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G772-G780. [PMID: 30095299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding or leptin-deficient mice are extensively used as models resembling features of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The concurrence of experimental factors as fat content and source or total caloric intake leads to prominent differences in the development of the hepatic steatosis and related disturbances. In this work, we characterized the hepatic lipid accumulation induced by HFD in wild-type (WT) and ob/ ob mice with the purpose of differentiating adaptations to HFD from those specific of increased overfeeding due to leptin deficiency-associated hyperphagia. Given that most published works have been done in male models, we used female mice with the aim of increasing the body of evidence regarding NAFLD in female subjects. HFD promoted liver lipid accumulation only in the hyperphagic strain. Nevertheless, a decrease of lipid droplet-associated cholesteryl ester (CE) in both WT and obese animals was observed. These changes were accompanied by an improvement in the profile of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and liver function markers in plasma from ob/ ob mice and a lower hepatic index. Using primary hepatocytes from female mice, overaccumulation of CE induced by 0.4 mM oleic acid reversed in the presence of a specific Takeda G protein-coupled bile acid receptor agonist. Nevertheless, hepatocytes from male mice were not responsive. This study suggests that enterohepatic circulation of bile acids might be one of the factors that can affect sex dimorphism in NAFLD development, which underlines the importance of including female models in the NAFLD research field. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work provides new insight into the use of high-fat diet as a model to induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in wild-type and ob/ ob female mice. We show that high-fat diet induces steatosis only in ob/ ob mice while, surprisingly, several health indicators improve. Noteworthy, experiments with primary hepatocytes from male and female mice show that they express Takeda G protein-coupled bile acid receptor and that it and bile acid enterohepatic circulation might be accountable for sex dimorphism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Arisqueta
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Universidad Internacional SEK , Quito , Ecuador
| | - Hiart Navarro-Imaz
- Lipids and Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ibone Labiano
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, Spain
| | - Yuri Rueda
- Lipids and Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Lipids and Liver Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Danese E, Ruzzenente A, Montagnana M, Lievens PMJ. Current and future roles of mucins in cholangiocarcinoma-recent evidences for a possible interplay with bile acids. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:333. [PMID: 30306072 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is rare but highly malignant tumour. The diagnosis is difficult due to its silent clinical character and the inefficiency of currently available diagnostic markers. An enhanced understanding of the molecular pathways involved in CCA carcinogenesis would herald targeted, individualized therapies, as well as new early diagnostic tool with improvement of patient survival. Recently, two mucin proteins, MUC4 and MUC5 have gained interest for their involvement in tumour growth and progression and possible use as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers. Moreover, a number of studies have demonstrated an association between biliary or serum bile acids (BAs) and some forms of cancers including CCA. More importantly, BAs have been shown to participate in tumour progression by inducing alterations in the expression of oncogenic mucins. This review summarizes the most important findings regarding the possible use of mucin glycoproteins and BAs in the diagnosis and prognostication of CCA and discuss evidences suggesting a role of BAs in regulating the expression of transmembrane and secreted mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Section of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Montagnana
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patricia Marie-Jeanne Lievens
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Yerigui, Wu XH, Wang XJ, Ma CM. Quantification of Bile Acids in Traditional Animal Medicines and Their Preparations Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:499-503. [PMID: 27169647 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has been established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of 15 bile acids in four traditional animal medicines and their preparations. The separations of bile acids were performed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm; 1.8 μm) with methanol-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. Glycyrrhetinic acid was added as internal standard owing to its similar physiochemical properties with the bile acids. Using this condition, detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, the 15 bile acids, including three groups of isomers, were well quantified individually. Method validation showed that the linear regression relationship (r(2), 0.9993 - 0.9999), precisions (intra-day RSD, 0.96 - 4.31%; inter-day, 1.73 - 4.43%), and recovery (95.3 - 120.9%) were all satisfactory. The analysis results showed that bear bile and bezoar (Niu Huang) as well as their formulations contained large amounts of most of the 15 bile acids. In addition, this research revealed for the first time the presences of bile acids in animal waste medication used in traditional medicine from two clinics, Hei-Bing-Pian (discharges of wild boar) and Trogopterus Dung. The established method could be used for the quantification of other bile- or animal waste-based crude drugs and their formulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerigui
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University
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28
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Young ND, Gasser RB. Opisthorchis viverrini Draft Genome - Biomedical Implications and Future Avenues. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:125-148. [PMID: 29907252 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease of major proportion, caused by the carcinogenic, Asian liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. This hepatobiliary disease is known to be associated with malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) and affects millions of people in Southeast Asia. No vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is routinely employed against the parasite. Despite technological advances, little is known about the molecular biology of the fluke itself and the disease complex that it causes in humans. The advent of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing and bioinformatic technologies is enabling researchers to gain global insights into the molecular pathways and processes in parasites. The principal aims of this chapter are to (1) review molecular research of O. viverrini and opisthorchiasis; (2) provide an account of recent advances in the sequencing and characterization of the genome and transcriptomes of O. viverrini; (3) describe the complex life of this worm in the biliary system of the definitive (human) host and how the fluke interacts with this host and causes disease at the molecular level; (4) discuss the implications of systems biological research and (5) consider how progress in genomics and informatics might enable explorations of O. viverrini and related worms and the discovery of new interventions against opisthorchiasis and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Young
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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29
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Liu Y, Rong Z, Xiang D, Zhang C, Liu D. Detection technologies and metabolic profiling of bile acids: a comprehensive review. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 29792192 PMCID: PMC5966875 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are important regulatory factors of life activities, which are involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolisms, and closely associated with intestinal hormones, microbiotas and energy balance. BAs abnormalities easily lead to inflammation and metabolic diseases, in turn, the progress of diseases could influence characteristics of BAs. Therefore, accurate detection of BAs contents is of great significance to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. At present, the most widely used enzymatic method in clinical practice is applicable to the detection of total bile acid (TBA). In laboratory research, different types of BAs can be accurately separated and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The metabolic profiling of BAs based on detection technologies can completely and accurately monitor their types and contents, playing a crucial role in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. We herein reviewed the main detection technologies of BAs and the application of metabolic profiling in related diseases in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihui Rong
- Department of Paediatrics of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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30
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Tsumura-Suzuki obese diabetic mice-derived hepatic tumors closely resemble human hepatocellular carcinomas in metabolism-related genes expression and bile acid accumulation. Hepatol Int 2018; 12:254-261. [PMID: 29651702 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-018-9860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tsumura-Suzuki obese diabetic (TSOD) is a good model of metabolic syndrome showing typical lesions found in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and develops spontaneous hepatic tumors with a high frequency. Majority of the developing tumors overexpress glutamine synthetase (GS), which is used as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to assess the status of expression of metabolism-related genes and the level of bile acids in the TSOD mice-derived tumors and to determine the association with metabolic dysregulation between human HCC and TSOD mice-derived tumors. METHODS GS-positive hepatic tumors or adjacent normal tissues from 71-week-old male TSOD mice were subjected to immunohistochemical staining, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), quantitation of cholic acid and taurocholic acid. RESULTS We found that downregulation of the rate-limiting enzyme for betaine synthesis (BADH), at both mRNA and protein levels in GS-positive TSOD mice-derived tumors. Furthermore, the bile acid receptor FXR and the bile acid excretion pump BSEP (Abcb11) were found to be downregulated, whereas BAAT and Akr1c14, involved in primary bile acid synthesis and bile acid conjugation, were found to be upregulated at mRNA level in GS-positive TSOD mice-derived tumors. BAAT and Akr1c14 were also overexpressed at protein levels. Total cholic acid was found to be increased in GS-positive TSOD mice-derived tumors. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support the significance of TSOD mice as a model of spontaneously developing HCC.
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Liu X, Chen B, You W, Xue S, Qin H, Jiang H. The membrane bile acid receptor TGR5 drives cell growth and migration via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:194-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zheng X, Huang F, Zhao A, Lei S, Zhang Y, Xie G, Chen T, Qu C, Rajani C, Dong B, Li D, Jia W. Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice. BMC Biol 2017; 15:120. [PMID: 29241453 PMCID: PMC5731064 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal bacteria are known to regulate bile acid (BA) homeostasis via intestinal biotransformation of BAs and stimulation of the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 through intestinal nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR). On the other hand, BAs directly regulate the gut microbiota with their strong antimicrobial activities. It remains unclear, however, how mammalian BAs cross-talk with gut microbiome and shape microbial composition in a dynamic and interactive way. Results We quantitatively profiled small molecule metabolites derived from host-microbial co-metabolism in mice, demonstrating that BAs were the most significant factor correlated with microbial alterations among all types of endogenous metabolites. A high-fat diet (HFD) intervention resulted in a rapid and significant increase in the intestinal BA pool within 12 h, followed by an alteration in microbial composition at 24 h, providing supporting evidence that BAs are major dietary factors regulating gut microbiota. Feeding mice with BAs along with a normal diet induced an obese phenotype and obesity-associated gut microbial composition, similar to HFD-fed mice. Inhibition of hepatic BA biosynthesis under HFD conditions attenuated the HFD-induced gut microbiome alterations. Both inhibition of BAs and direct suppression of microbiota improved obese phenotypes. Conclusions Our study highlights a liver–BA–gut microbiome metabolic axis that drives significant modifications of BA and microbiota compositions capable of triggering metabolic disorders, suggesting new therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism for metabolic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0462-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Sha Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chun Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Bing Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Defa Li
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Heřmánková E, Žák A, Poláková L, Hobzová R, Hromádka R, Širc J. Polymeric bile acid sequestrants: Review of design, in vitro binding activities, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:300-317. [PMID: 29275230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have recently attracted much attention as lipid-lowering agents. These non-absorbable materials specifically bind bile acids (BAs) in the intestine, preventing bile acid (BA) reabsorption into the blood through enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure-property relationships between the polymer sequestrant and its ability to bind specific BAs molecules. In this review, we describe pleiotropic effects of bile acids, and we focus on BAS with various molecular architectures that result in different mechanisms of BA sequestration. Here, we present 1) amphiphilic polymers based on poly(meth)acrylates, poly(meth)acrylamides, polyalkylamines and polyallylamines containing quaternary ammonium groups, 2) cyclodextrins, and 3) BAS prepared via molecular imprinting methods. The synthetic approaches leading to individual BAS preparation, as well as results of their in vitro BA binding activities and in vivo lipid-lowering activities, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heřmánková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, CZ-128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Poláková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Hobzová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- Research and Development Center, C2P s.r.o. Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Širc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, CZ-162 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Phelan JP, Reen FJ, Caparros-Martin JA, O'Connor R, O'Gara F. Rethinking the bile acid/gut microbiome axis in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115736-115747. [PMID: 29383197 PMCID: PMC5777809 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors, probiotic agents, aging and antibiotics/medicines impact on gut microbiome composition leading to disturbances in localised microbial populations. The impact can be profound and underlies a plethora of human disorders, including the focus of this review; cancer. Compromised microbiome populations can alter bile acid signalling and produce distinct pathophysiological bile acid profiles. These in turn have been associated with cancer development and progression. Exposure to high levels of bile acids, combined with localised molecular/genome instability leads to the acquisition of bile mediated neoplastic alterations, generating apoptotic resistant proliferation phenotypes. However, in recent years, several studies have emerged advocating the therapeutic benefits of bile acid signalling in suppressing molecular and phenotypic hallmarks of cancer progression. These studies suggest that in some instances, bile acids may reduce cancer phenotypic effects, thereby limiting metastatic potential. In this review, we contextualise the current state of the art to propose that the bile acid/gut microbiome axis can influence cancer progression to the extent that classical in vitro cancer hallmarks of malignancy (cell invasion, cell migration, clonogenicity, and cell adhesion) are significantly reduced. We readily acknowledge the existence of a bile acid/gut microbiome axis in cancer initiation, however, in light of recent advances, we focus exclusively on the role of bile acids as potentially beneficial molecules in suppressing cancer progression. Finally, we theorise that suppressing aggressive malignant phenotypes through bile acid/gut microbiome axis modulation could uncover new and innovative disease management strategies for managing cancers in vulnerable cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Phelan
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - F Jerry Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Jose A Caparros-Martin
- Human Microbiome Programme, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Human Microbiome Programme, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Peng LQ, Cao J, Du LJ, Zhang QD, Xu JJ, Chen YB, Shi YT, Li RR. Rapid ultrasonic and microwave-assisted micellar extraction of zingiberone, shogaol and gingerols from gingers using biosurfactants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:37-44. [PMID: 28789800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of extraction methods ultrasonic-assisted micellar extraction (UAME) and microwave-assisted micellar extraction (MAME) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) were developed and evaluated for extraction and determination of zingerone, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol and 10-gingerol in Rhizoma Zingiberis and Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparata. A biosurfactant, hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt, was used in micellar extraction. Several experimental parameters were studied separately by a univariate method. The result indicated that the MAME was more efficient than UAME. The optimal conditions of MAME were as follows: 100mM of hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt was used as surfactant, the irradiation time was set at 10s and the extraction temperature was set at 60°C. The validation results indicated that the limits of detection were in the range of 3.80-8.11ng/mL. The average recoveries were in the range of 87.32-103.12% for the two samples at two spiking levels. Compared with other reported methods, the proposed MAME-UHPLC-UV method was more effective, quicker (10s) and more eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Peng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Bo Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Ting Shi
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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Yang T, Shu T, Liu G, Mei H, Zhu X, Huang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Quantitative profiling of 19 bile acids in rat plasma, liver, bile and different intestinal section contents to investigate bile acid homeostasis and the application of temporal variation of endogenous bile acids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:69-78. [PMID: 28583875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid homeostasis is maintained by liver synthesis, bile duct secretion, microbial metabolism and intestinal reabsorption into the blood. When drug insults result in liver damage, the variances of bile acids (BAs) are related to the physiological status of the liver. Here, we established a method to simultaneously quantify 19 BAs in rat plasma, liver, bile and different intestinal section contents (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to reveal the pattern of bile acid homeostasis in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in physiological situations. Dynamic changes in bile acid composition appeared throughout the enterohepatic circulation of the BAs; taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs and free BAs had different dynamic homeostasis levels in the circulatory system. cholic acid (CA), beta-muricholic acid (beta-MCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) greatly fluctuated in the bile acid pool under physiological conditions. Taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acids constituted more than 90% in the bile and liver, whereas GCA and TCA accounted for more than half of the total bile acids and the secretion of bile mainly via conjugating with taurine. While over 80% of BAs in plasma were unconjugated bile acids, CA and HDCA were the most abundant elements. Unconjugated bile acids constituted more than 90% in the intestine, and CA, beta-MCA and HDCA were the top three bile acids in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum content, but LCA and HDCA were highest in the cecum and colon content. As the main secondary bile acid converted by microflora in the intestine, LCA was enriched in the cecum and DCA mostly in the colon. As endogenous substances, the concentrations of plasma BAs were closely related to time rhythm and diet. In conclusion, analyzing detailed BA profiles in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in a single run is possible using LC-MS/MS. Based on the physiological characteristics of the metabolic profiling of 19 BAs in the total bile acid pool and the time rhythm variation of the endogenous bile acids, this study provided a new valuable method and theoretical basis for the clinical research of bile acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China
| | - Ting Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China
| | - Guanlan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China
| | - Huifang Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dalziel JE, Fraser K, Young W, McKenzie CM, Bassett SA, Roy NC. Gastroparesis and lipid metabolism-associated dysbiosis in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G62-G72. [PMID: 28408641 PMCID: PMC5538835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered gastric accommodation and intestinal morphology suggest impaired gastrointestinal (GI) transit may occur in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain, as common in stress-associated functional GI disorders. Because changes in GI transit can alter microbiota composition, we investigated whether these are altered in WKY rats compared with the resilient Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under basal conditions and characterized plasma lipid and metabolite differences. Bead transit was tracked by X-ray imaging to monitor gastric emptying (4 h), small intestine (SI) transit (9 h), and large intestine transit (12 h). Plasma extracts were analyzed by lipid and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cecal microbial composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and analysis using the QIIME pipeline. Stomach retention of beads was 77% for WKY compared with 35% for SD rats. GI transit was decreased by 34% (9 h) and 21% (12 h) in WKY compared with SD rats. Excluding stomach retention, transiting beads moved 29% further along the SI over 4-9 h for WKY compared with SD rats. Cecal Ruminococcus, Roseburia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genera were less abundant in WKY rats, whereas the minor taxa Dorea, Turicibacter, and Lactobacillus were higher. Diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatidyl-ethanolamines, and phosphatidylserine were lower in WKY rats, whereas cholesterol esters and taurocholic acids were higher. The unexpected WKY rat phenotype of delayed gastric emptying, yet rapid SI transit, was associated with altered lipid and metabolite profiles. The delayed gastric emptying of the WKY phenotype suggests this rat strain may be useful as a model for gastroparesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reveals that the stress-prone Wistar-Kyoto rat strain has a baseline physiology of gastroparesis and rapid small intestine transit, together with metabolic changes consistent with lipid metabolism-associated dysbiosis, compared with nonstress-prone rats. This suggests that the Wistar-Kyoto rat strain may be an appropriate animal model for gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Dalziel
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Karl Fraser
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Wayne Young
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Catherine M. McKenzie
- 2Bioinformatics Mathematics and Statistics, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and
| | - Shalome A. Bassett
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; ,3Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ogimura E, Nakagawa T, Deguchi J, Sekine S, Ito K, Bando K. Troglitazone Inhibits Bile Acid Amidation: A Possible Risk Factor for Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:347-355. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kaya Y, Kök MŞ, Öztürk M. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus E9 strain. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2017.1303778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - M. Şamil Kök
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Sindhu T, Srinivasan P. Pharmacophore modeling, comprehensive 3D-QSAR, and binding mode analysis of TGR5 agonists. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:109-123. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2016.1189564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Sindhu
- Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pappu Srinivasan
- Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
Obesity is an emerging global epidemic with profound challenges to world health care economies and societies. Traditional approaches to fighting obesity have not shown promise in promoting a decline in obesity prevalence. The gut microbiota is becoming widely appreciated for its role in regulating metabolism and thus represents a target for new therapies to combat obesity and associated comorbidities. This article provides an overview of altered microbial community structure in obesity, dietary impact on the gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions contributing to the disease, and improvements in microbial assemblage after bariatric surgery and with therapies targeting the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Martinez
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Room 9130, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Fang L, Feng M, Chen F, Liu X, Shen H, Zhao J, Gou S. Oleanolic acid-NO donor-platinum(II) trihybrid molecules: Targeting cytotoxicity on hepatoma cells with combined action mode and good safety. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4611-4619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pierre JF, Martinez KB, Ye H, Nadimpalli A, Morton TC, Yang J, Wang Q, Patno N, Chang EB, Yin DP. Activation of bile acid signaling improves metabolic phenotypes in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G286-304. [PMID: 27340128 PMCID: PMC5007288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00202.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic benefits induced by gastric bypass, currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, are associated with bile acid (BA) delivery to the distal intestine. However, mechanistic insights into BA signaling in the mediation of metabolic benefits remain an area of study. The bile diversion () mouse model, in which the gallbladder is anastomosed to the distal jejunum, was used to test the specific role of BA in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Metabolic phenotype, including body weight and composition, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, thermogenesis genes, total BA and BA composition in the circulation and portal vein, and gut microbiota were examined. BD improves the metabolic phenotype, which is in accord with increased circulating primary BAs and regulation of enterohormones. BD-induced hypertrophy of the proximal intestine in the absence of BA was reversed by BA oral gavage, but without influencing BD metabolic benefits. BD-enhanced energy expenditure was associated with elevated TGR5, D2, and thermogenic genes, including UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PDGFRα in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and inguinal WAT, but not in brown adipose tissue. BD resulted in an altered gut microbiota profile (i.e., Firmicutes bacteria were decreased, Bacteroidetes were increased, and Akkermansia was positively correlated with higher levels of circulating primary BAs). Our study demonstrates that enhancement of BA signaling regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis, promotes thermogenesis, and modulates the gut microbiota, which collectively resulted in an improved metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Pierre
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | | | - Honggang Ye
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | | | - Timothy C. Morton
- 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jinghui Yang
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Qiang Wang
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Noelle Patno
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Phelan JP, Reen FJ, Dunphy N, O'Connor R, O'Gara F. Bile acids destabilise HIF-1α and promote anti-tumour phenotypes in cancer cell models. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:476. [PMID: 27416726 PMCID: PMC4946243 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the microbiome has become synonymous with human health and disease. Bile acids, as essential components of the microbiome, have gained sustained credibility as potential modulators of cancer progression in several disease models. At physiological concentrations, bile acids appear to influence cancer phenotypes, although conflicting data surrounds their precise physiological mechanism of action. Previously, we demonstrated bile acids destabilised the HIF-1α subunit of the Hypoxic-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor. HIF-1 overexpression is an early biomarker of tumour metastasis and is associated with tumour resistance to conventional therapies, and poor prognosis in a range of different cancers. Methods Here we investigated the effects of bile acids on the cancer growth and migratory potential of cell lines where HIF-1α is known to be active under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α status was investigated in A-549 lung, DU-145 prostate and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines exposed to bile acids (CDCA and DCA). Cell adhesion, invasion, migration was assessed in DU-145 cells while clonogenic growth was assessed in all cell lines. Results Intracellular HIF-1α was destabilised in the presence of bile acids in all cell lines tested. Bile acids were not cytotoxic but exhibited greatly reduced clonogenic potential in two out of three cell lines. In the migratory prostate cancer cell line DU-145, bile acids impaired cell adhesion, migration and invasion. CDCA and DCA destabilised HIF-1α in all cells and significantly suppressed key cancer progression associated phenotypes; clonogenic growth, invasion and migration in DU-145 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest previously unobserved roles for bile acids as physiologically relevant molecules targeting hypoxic tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Phelan
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - F J Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - N Dunphy
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - R O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - F O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Sun L, Beggs K, Borude P, Edwards G, Bhushan B, Walesky C, Roy N, Manley MW, Gunewardena S, O'Neil M, Li H, Apte U. Bile acids promote diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma via increased inflammatory signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G91-G104. [PMID: 27151938 PMCID: PMC4967172 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00027.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatic malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Previous studies have implicated bile acids in pathogenesis of HCC, but the mechanisms are not known. We investigated the mechanisms of HCC tumor promotion by bile acids the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiation-cholic acid (CA)-induced tumor promotion protocol in mice. The data show that 0.2% CA treatment resulted in threefold increase in number and size of DEN-induced liver tumors. All tumors observed in DEN-treated mice were well-differentiated HCCs. The HCCs observed in DEN-treated CA-fed mice exhibited extensive CD3-, CD20-, and CD45-positive inflammatory cell aggregates. Microarray-based global gene expression studies combined with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant activation of NF-κB and Nanog in the DEN-treated 0.2% CA-fed livers. Further studies showed significantly higher TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA, a marked increase in total and phosphorylated-p65 and phosphorylated IκBα (degradation form) in livers of DEN-treated 0.2% CA-fed mice. Treatment of primary mouse hepatocytes with various bile acids showed significant induction of stemness genes including Nanog, KLF4, Sox2, and Oct4. Quantification of total and 20 specific bile acids in liver, and serum revealed a tumor-associated bile acid signature. Finally, quantification of total serum bile acids in normal, cirrhotic, and HCC human samples revealed increased bile acids in serum of cirrhotic and HCC patients. Taken together, these data indicate that bile acids are mechanistically involved pathogenesis of HCC and may promote HCC formation via activation of inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; ,5Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin Beggs
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Prachi Borude
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Genea Edwards
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Chad Walesky
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Nairita Roy
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Michael W. Manley
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- 2Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; ,3Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Maura O'Neil
- 4Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - Hua Li
- 5Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
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46
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Mathematically modelling the dynamics of cholesterol metabolism and ageing. Biosystems 2016; 145:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Safety evaluation of AB-LIFE® (Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7527, 7528 and 7529): Antibiotic resistance and 90-day repeated-dose study in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:117-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Hodge RJ, Nunez DJ. Therapeutic potential of Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) agonists. Hope or hype? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:439-43. [PMID: 26818602 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract regulates glucose and energy metabolism, and there is increasing recognition that bile acids function as key signalling molecules in these processes. For example, bile acid changes that occur after bariatric surgery have been implicated in the effects on satiety, lipid and cholesterol regulation, glucose and energy metabolism, and the gut microbiome. In recent years, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5), a bile acid receptor found in widely dispersed tissues, has been the target of significant drug discovery efforts in the hope of identifying effective treatments for metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease and cancer. Although the benefits of targeting the TGR5 receptor are potentially great, drug development work to date has identified risks that include histopathological changes, tumorigenesis, gender differences, and questions about the translation of animal data to humans. The present article reviews the noteworthy challenges that must be addressed along the path of development of a safe and effective TGR5 agonist therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Drug Discovery/trends
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drugs, Investigational/adverse effects
- Drugs, Investigational/pharmacology
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Translational Research, Biomedical/trends
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hodge
- Discovery Medicine, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D J Nunez
- Discovery Medicine, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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49
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Bile acids-mediated overexpression of MUC4 via FAK-dependent c-Jun activation in pancreatic cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1063-77. [PMID: 27185392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are clinically presented with obstructive jaundice with elevated levels of circulatory bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases. In the current study, we examined the implications of bile acids (BA), an important component of bile, on the pathophysiology of PC and investigated their mechanistic association in tumor-promoting functions. Integration of results from PC patient samples and autochthonous mouse models showed an elevated levels of BA (p < 0.05) in serum samples compared to healthy controls. Similarly, an elevated BA levels was observed in pancreatic juice derived from PC patients (p < 0.05) than non-pancreatic non-healthy (NPNH) controls, further establishing the clinical association of BA with the pathogenesis of PC. The tumor-promoting functions of BA were established by observed transcriptional upregulation of oncogenic MUC4 expression. Luciferase reporter assay revealed distal MUC4 promoter as the primary responsive site to BA. In silico analysis recognized two c-Jun binding sites at MUC4 distal promoter, which was biochemically established using ChIP assay. Interestingly, BA treatment led to an increased transcription and activation of c-Jun in a FAK-dependent manner. Additionally, BA receptor, namely FXR, which is also upregulated at transcriptional level in PC patient samples, was demonstrated as an upstream molecule in BA-mediated FAK activation, plausibly by regulating Src activation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that elevated levels of BA increase the tumorigenic potential of PC cells by inducing FXR/FAK/c-Jun axis to upregulate MUC4 expression, which is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is known to be associated with progression and metastasis of PC.
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50
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Kim JU, Shariff MIF, Crossey MME, Gomez-Romero M, Holmes E, Cox IJ, Fye HKS, Njie R, Taylor-Robinson SD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Review of disease and tumor biomarkers. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:471-484. [PMID: 27057305 PMCID: PMC4820639 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i10.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy and now the second commonest global cause of cancer death. HCC tumorigenesis is relatively silent and patients experience late symptomatic presentation. As the option for curative treatments is limited to early stage cancers, diagnosis in non-symptomatic individuals is crucial. International guidelines advise regular surveillance of high-risk populations but the current tools lack sufficient sensitivity for early stage tumors on the background of a cirrhotic nodular liver. A number of novel biomarkers have now been suggested in the literature, which may reinforce the current surveillance methods. In addition, recent metabonomic and proteomic discoveries have established specific metabolite expressions in HCC, according to Warburg’s phenomenon of altered energy metabolism. With clinical validation, a simple and non-invasive test from the serum or urine may be performed to diagnose HCC, particularly benefiting low resource regions where the burden of HCC is highest.
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