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Mertten D, Baldwin S, Cheng CH, McCallum J, Thomson S, Ashton DT, McKenzie CM, Lenhard M, Datson PM. Implementation of different relationship estimate methodologies in breeding value prediction in kiwiberry ( Actinidia arguta). Mol Breed 2023; 43:75. [PMID: 37868140 PMCID: PMC10584781 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In dioecious crops such as Actinidia arguta (kiwiberries), some of the main challenges when breeding for fruit characteristics are the selection of potential male parents and the long juvenile period. Currently, breeding values of male parents are estimated through progeny tests, which makes the breeding of new kiwiberry cultivars time-consuming and costly. The application of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) would allow direct estimation of sex-related traits and speed up kiwiberry breeding. In this study, we used a linear mixed model approach to estimate narrow sense heritability for one vine-related trait and five fruit-related traits for two incomplete factorial crossing designs. We obtained BLUPs for all genotypes, taking into consideration whether the relationship was pedigree-based or marker-based. Owing to the high cost of genome sequencing, it is important to understand the effects of different sources of relationship matrices on estimating breeding values across a breeding population. Because of the increasing implementation of genomic selection in crop breeding, we compared the effects of incorporating different sources of information in building relationship matrices and ploidy levels on the accuracy of BLUPs' heritability and predictive ability. As kiwiberries are autotetraploids, multivalent chromosome formation and occasionally double reduction can occur during meiosis, and this can affect the accuracy of prediction. This study innovates the breeding programme of autotetraploid kiwiberries. We demonstrate that the accuracy of BLUPs of male siblings, without phenotypic observations, strongly improved when a tetraploid marker-based relationship matrix was used rather than parental BLUPs and female siblings with phenotypic observations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01419-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mertten
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Lenhard
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Pearson SM, Griffiths AG, Maclean P, Larking AC, Hong SW, Jauregui R, Miller P, McKenzie CM, Lockhart PJ, Tate JA, Ford JL, Faville MJ. Outlier analyses and genome-wide association study identify glgC and ERD6-like 4 as candidate genes for foliar water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in Trifolium repens. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1095359. [PMID: 36699852 PMCID: PMC9868827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in white clover is important for improving nutritional quality and reducing environmental impacts from pastoral agriculture. Elucidation of genes responsible for foliar WSC variation would enhance genetic improvement by enabling molecular breeding approaches. The aim of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with variation in foliar WSC in white clover. A set of 935 white clover individuals, randomly sampled from five breeding pools selectively bred for divergent (low or high) WSC content, were assessed with 14,743 genotyping-by-sequencing SNPs, using three outlier detection methods: PCAdapt, BayeScan and KGD-FST. These analyses identified 33 SNPs as discriminating between high and low WSC populations and putatively under selection. One SNP was located in the intron of ERD6-like 4, a gene coding for a sugar transporter located on the vacuole membrane. A genome-wide association study using a subset of 605 white clover individuals and 5,757 SNPs, identified a further 12 SNPs, one of which was associated with a starch biosynthesis gene, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, glgC. Our results provide insight into genomic regions underlying WSC accumulation in white clover, identify candidate genomic regions for further functional validation studies, and reveal valuable information for marker-assisted or genomic selection in white clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M. Pearson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul Maclean
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anna C. Larking
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S. Won Hong
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Poppy Miller
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter J. Lockhart
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A. Tate
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - John L. Ford
- Grasslands, PGG Wrightson Seeds Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marty J. Faville
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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3
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Gould N, Thorpe MR, Taylor JT, Boldingh HL, McKenzie CM, Reglinski T. A Jasmonate-Induced Defense Elicitation in Mature Leaves Reduces Carbon Export and Alters Sink Priority in Grape (Vitis vinifera Chardonnay). Plants 2021; 10:plants10112406. [PMID: 34834769 PMCID: PMC8624114 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to understand how Vitis vinifera (Chardonnay) vines prioritise the export and distribution of recently fixed photoassimilate between root tissue, fruit, and defence, following the elicitation of a defence response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, MeJA, are endogenous plant hormones, known collectively as jasmonates, that have signalling roles in plant defence and consequently are often used to prime plant defence systems. Here, we use exogenous jasmonate application to mature source leaves of Chardonnay grapevines to elucidate the prioritisation strategy of carbon allocation between plant defence and growth. Our results demonstrate that jasmonate application to Chardonnay leaves can elicit a defence response to Botrytis cinerea, but the effect was localised to the jasmonate-treated area. We found no evidence of a systemic defence response in non-treated mature leaves or young growing tissue. JA application reduced the photosynthetic rate of the treated leaf and reduced the export rate of recently fixed carbon-11 from the leaf. Following JA application, a greater proportion of available recently fixed carbon was allocated to the roots, suggesting an increase in sink strength of the roots. Relative sink strength of the berries did not change; however, an increase in berry sugar was observed seven days after JA treatment. We conclude that the data provide evidence for a “high sugar resistance” model in the mature treated leaves of the vine, since the export of carbon was reduced to ensure an elevated defence response in the treated leaf. The increase in berry sugar concentration seven days after treatment can be explained by the initial prioritisation of a greater portion of the exported carbon to storage in the roots, making it available for remobilisation to the berries once the challenge to defence had passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gould
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-7-928-9831
| | - Michael R. Thorpe
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Joe T. Taylor
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Helen L. Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Catherine M. McKenzie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand;
| | - Tony Reglinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
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Hewitt KG, Mace WJ, McKenzie CM, Matthew C, Popay AJ. Correction: Fungal Alkaloid Occurrence in Endophyte-Infected Perennial Ryegrass during Seedling Establishment. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:642-643. [PMID: 32219629 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. There is a mistake in the affiliation section and Figure 6. The correct affiliation and Figure 6 are shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin G Hewitt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Physiological Chemistry, Ruakura, Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,AgResearch Ltd, Biocontrol & Biosecurity, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Wade J Mace
- AgResearch Ltd, Forage Improvement, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Catherine M McKenzie
- Plant & Food Research, Data Science, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Popay
- AgResearch Ltd, Biocontrol & Biosecurity, Ruakura Research Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Hewitt KG, Mace WJ, McKenzie CM, Matthew C, Popay AJ. Fungal Alkaloid Occurrence in Endophyte-Infected Perennial Ryegrass during Seedling Establishment. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:410-421. [PMID: 32125583 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic Epichloë festucae var. lolii endophyte produces alkaloids which can provide its host grass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L), with a selective advantage in both natural and agricultural managed ecosystems. This study focuses on understanding the alkaloid concentrations that occur in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass during the early establishment phase. In a glasshouse experiment fungal alkaloid concentrations (peramine, lolitrem B, ergovaline, and epoxy-janthitrems) were measured in perennial ryegrass seedlings infected with E. festucae var. lolii proprietary strains AR1, AR37, NEA2, and NZ common toxic for 69 days after sowing. The endophyte becomes metabolically active, starting alkaloid production, as early as 6 days after sowing. Alkaloid concentrations peaked in 8- to 10- day-old seedlings due to a seedling growth slowdown. This study provides data showing that the loss of insect protection in endophyte-infected seedlings is linked to a reduction in chemical defence after seed-stored, maternally synthesised alkaloids are diluted by seedling dry matter accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin G Hewitt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Physiological Chemistry, Ruakura, Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,AgResearch Ltd, Biocontrol & Biosecurity, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Wade J Mace
- AgResearch Ltd, Forage Improvement, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Catherine M McKenzie
- Plant & Food Research, Data Science, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Cory Matthew
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Popay
- AgResearch Ltd, Biocontrol & Biosecurity, Ruakura Research Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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6
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Forester NT, Lane GA, McKenzie CM, Lamont IL, Johnson LJ. The Role of SreA-Mediated Iron Regulation in Maintaining Epichloë festucae- Lolium perenne Symbioses. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:1324-1335. [PMID: 31107632 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-19-0060-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, iron-responsive GATA-type transcriptional repressors are involved in regulating iron homeostasis, notably to prevent iron toxicity through control of iron uptake. To date, it has been unknown whether this iron regulator contributes toward mutualistic endosymbiosis of microbes with plants, a system where the endophyte must function within the constraints of an in-host existence, including a dependency on the host for nutrient acquisition. Functional characterization of one such protein, SreA from Epichloë festucae, a fungal endosymbiont of cool-season grasses, indicates that regulation of iron homeostasis processes is important for symbiotic maintenance. The deletion of the sreA gene (ΔsreA) led to iron-dependent aberrant hyphal growth and the gradual loss of endophyte hyphae from perennial ryegrass. SreA negatively regulates the siderophore biosynthesis and high-affinity iron uptake systems of E. festucae, similar to other fungi, resulting in iron accumulation in mutants. Our evidence suggests that SreA is involved in the processes that moderate Epichloë iron acquisition from the plant apoplast, because overharvesting of iron in ΔsreA mutants was detected as premature chlorosis of the host using a hydroponic plant growth assay. E. festucae appears to have a tightly regulated iron management system, involving SreA that balances endophyte growth with its survival and prevents overcompetition with the host for iron in the intercellular niche, thus promoting mutualistic associations. Mutations that interfere with Epichloë iron management negatively affect iron-dependent fungal growth and destabilize mutualistic Epichloë -ryegrass associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T Forester
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey A Lane
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Catherine M McKenzie
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Iain L Lamont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Linda J Johnson
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Dalziel JE, Peters JS, Dunstan KE, McKenzie CM, Spencer NJ, Haggarty NW, Roy NC. Alteration in propagating colonic contractions by dairy proteins in isolated rat large intestine. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9598-9604. [PMID: 31521365 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal conditions in which the transit of contents is altered may benefit from nutritional approaches to influencing health outcomes. Milk proteins modulate the transit of contents along different regions, suggesting that they have varying effects on neuromuscular function to alter gastrointestinal motility. We tested the hypothesis that bovine whey and casein milk protein hydrolysates could have direct modulatory effects on colonic motility patterns in isolated rat large intestine. Casein protein hydrolysate (CPH), whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), and a milk protein hydrolysate (MPH; a hydrolyzed blend of 60% whey to 40% casein) were compared for their effects on spontaneous contractile waves. These contractions propagate along the length of the isolated intact large intestine (22 cm) between the proximal colon and rectum and were detected by measuring activity at 4 locations. Milk proteins were perfused through the tissue bath, and differences in contraction amplitude and frequency were quantified relative to pretreatment controls. Propagation frequency was decreased by CPH, increased by MPH, and unaffected by intact whey proteins. The reduced motility with CPH and increased motility with MPH indicate a direct action of these milk proteins on colon tissue and provide evidence for differential modulation by hydrolysate type. These findings mirror actions on lower gastrointestinal transit reported in vivo, with the exception of WPH, suggesting that other factors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - J S Peters
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - K E Dunstan
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - C M McKenzie
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - N J Spencer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - N W Haggarty
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - N C Roy
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Butowski CF, Thomas DG, Young W, Cave NJ, McKenzie CM, Rosendale DI, Bermingham EN. Addition of plant dietary fibre to a raw red meat high protein, high fat diet, alters the faecal bacteriome and organic acid profiles of the domestic cat (Felis catus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216072. [PMID: 31042730 PMCID: PMC6493751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial diets high in animal protein and fat are increasingly being developed for pets, however little is understood about the impacts of feeding such diets to domestic cats. The carbohydrate content of these diets is typically low, and dietary fibre is often not included. Dietary fibre is believed to be important in the feline gastrointestinal tract, promoting stool formation and providing a substrate for the hindgut microbiome. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of adding plant-based dietary fibre to a high animal protein and fat diet. Twelve domestic short hair cats were fed three complete and balanced diets in a cross-over design for blocks of 21 days: raw meat (Raw), raw meat plus fibre (2%, ‘as is’ inclusion of inulin and cellulose; Raw+Fibre) and a commercially available Kibble diet. A commercially available canned diet was fed for 21 days as a washout phase. Apparent macronutrient digestibility, faecal output, score, pH, organic acid concentrations and bacteriome profiles were determined. Diet significantly affected all faecal parameters measured. The addition of dietary fibre to the raw meat diet was found to reduce apparent macronutrient digestibility, increase faecal output, pH and score. Thirty one bacterial taxa were significantly affected by diet. Prevotella was found to dominate in the Kibble diet, Clostridium and Fusobacterium in the Raw diet, and Prevotella and a group of unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae in the Raw+Fibre diet. Our results show that diets of different macronutrient proportions can strongly influence the faecal microbiome composition and metabolism, as shown by altered organic acid concentrations and faecal pH, in the domestic cat. The addition of 2% of each fibre to the Raw diet shifted faecal parameters closer to those produced by feeding a Kibble diet. These results provide a basis for further research assessing raw red meat diets to domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Butowski
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Centre for Feline Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David G Thomas
- Centre for Feline Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick J Cave
- Centre for Feline Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Douglas I Rosendale
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emma N Bermingham
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kumar S, Treloar BP, Teh KH, McKenzie CM, Henderson G, Attwood GT, Waters SM, Patchett ML, Janssen PH. Sharpea and Kandleria are lactic acid producing rumen bacteria that do not change their fermentation products when co-cultured with a methanogen. Anaerobe 2018; 54:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Dalziel JE, Young W, McKenzie CM, Haggarty NW, Roy NC. Gastric Emptying and Gastrointestinal Transit Compared among Native and Hydrolyzed Whey and Casein Milk Proteins in an Aged Rat Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121351. [PMID: 29236034 PMCID: PMC5748801 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how milk proteins affect gastrointestinal (GI) transit, particularly for the elderly, in whom digestion has been observed to be slowed. We tested the hypothesis that GI transit is faster for whey than for casein and that this effect is accentuated with hydrolysates, similar to soy. Adult male rats (18 months old) were fed native whey or casein, hydrolyzed whey (WPH) or casein (CPH), hydrolyzed blend (HB; 60% whey:40% casein), or hydrolyzed soy for 14 days then treated with loperamide, prucalopride, or vehicle-control for 7 days. X-ray imaging tracked bead-transit for: gastric emptying (GE; 4 h), small intestine (SI) transit (9 h), and large intestine (LI) transit (12 h). GE for whey was 33 ± 12% faster than that for either casein or CPH. SI transit was decreased by 37 ± 9% for casein and 24 ± 6% for whey compared with hydrolyzed soy, and persisted for casein at 12 h. Although CPH and WPH did not alter transit compared with their respective intact counterparts, fecal output was increased by WPH. Slowed transit by casein was reversed by prucalopride (9-h), but not loperamide. However, rapid GE and slower SI transit for the HB compared with intact forms were inhibited by loperamide. The expected slower GI transit for casein relative to soy provided a comparative benchmark, and opioid receptor involvement was corroborated. Our findings provide new evidence that whey slowed SI transit compared with soy, independent of GE. Increased GI transit from stomach to colon for the HB compared with casein suggests that including hydrolyzed milk proteins in foods may benefit those with slowed intestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Catherine M McKenzie
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Neill W Haggarty
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Roberts MT, Bermingham EN, Cave NJ, Young W, McKenzie CM, Thomas DG. Macronutrient intake of dogs, self-selecting diets varying in composition offered ad libitum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:568-575. [PMID: 29024089 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diet of the domestic dog has changed significantly from that of its wolf ancestor, with to date only two studies having examined macronutrient self-selection in dogs. Whilst the first focused solely on protein intake, determining an intake of 30% metabolisable energy (ME), the second investigated dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate (PFC), indicating an intake ratio of 30:63:7% by energy. This study's aim was to further elucidate macronutrient intake by providing greater macronutrient range, energy content, and to investigate over a longer duration than previous studies. Fifteen adult dogs were given access to three wet diets providing 500% of daily ME, twice daily over 10 days. The diets were nutritionally complete and formulated using the same four ingredients in different proportions to supply high levels of protein (58% ME), fat (86% ME) or carbohydrate (54% ME). Overall fat and carbohydrate consumption significantly declined from 6,382 to 917 kcals per day (p < 0.001) and 553 to 214 kcals day-1 (p < .01) respectively. Protein intake, however, remained constant over the study and ranged from 4,786 to 4,156 kcals day-1 . Such results impacted on percentage total energy intake, with fat decreasing from 68% to 52% (p < .001) and protein increasing from 29% to 44% (p < .01). Our findings suggest that dogs still possess a "feast or famine" mentality, wherein energy dense fat is prioritised over protein initially. With continued feeding over 10 days, a transition to a more balanced energy contribution from both macronutrients is evident. The study also shows that given the option, dogs do not select carbohydrate to be a significant portion of the diet. The health implications of such dietary selection are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Roberts
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Institute of Veterinary Animal Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E N Bermingham
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- Institute of Veterinary Animal Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - W Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C M McKenzie
- Bioinformatics & Statistics Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D G Thomas
- Institute of Veterinary Animal Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Dalziel JE, Fraser K, Young W, McKenzie CM, Bassett SA, Roy NC. Gastroparesis and lipid metabolism-associated dysbiosis in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G62-G72. [PMID: 28408641 PMCID: PMC5538835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00008.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered gastric accommodation and intestinal morphology suggest impaired gastrointestinal (GI) transit may occur in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain, as common in stress-associated functional GI disorders. Because changes in GI transit can alter microbiota composition, we investigated whether these are altered in WKY rats compared with the resilient Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under basal conditions and characterized plasma lipid and metabolite differences. Bead transit was tracked by X-ray imaging to monitor gastric emptying (4 h), small intestine (SI) transit (9 h), and large intestine transit (12 h). Plasma extracts were analyzed by lipid and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cecal microbial composition was determined by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and analysis using the QIIME pipeline. Stomach retention of beads was 77% for WKY compared with 35% for SD rats. GI transit was decreased by 34% (9 h) and 21% (12 h) in WKY compared with SD rats. Excluding stomach retention, transiting beads moved 29% further along the SI over 4-9 h for WKY compared with SD rats. Cecal Ruminococcus, Roseburia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genera were less abundant in WKY rats, whereas the minor taxa Dorea, Turicibacter, and Lactobacillus were higher. Diglycerides, triglycerides, phosphatidyl-ethanolamines, and phosphatidylserine were lower in WKY rats, whereas cholesterol esters and taurocholic acids were higher. The unexpected WKY rat phenotype of delayed gastric emptying, yet rapid SI transit, was associated with altered lipid and metabolite profiles. The delayed gastric emptying of the WKY phenotype suggests this rat strain may be useful as a model for gastroparesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reveals that the stress-prone Wistar-Kyoto rat strain has a baseline physiology of gastroparesis and rapid small intestine transit, together with metabolic changes consistent with lipid metabolism-associated dysbiosis, compared with nonstress-prone rats. This suggests that the Wistar-Kyoto rat strain may be an appropriate animal model for gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Dalziel
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Karl Fraser
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Wayne Young
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Catherine M. McKenzie
- 2Bioinformatics Mathematics and Statistics, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and
| | - Shalome A. Bassett
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- 1Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; ,3Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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McKenzie CM, Seviour EM, Schumann P, Maszenan AM, Liu JR, Webb RI, Monis P, Saint CP, Steiner U, Seviour RJ. Isolates of ‘Candidatus Nostocoida limicola’ Blackall et al. 2000 should be described as three novel species of the genus Tetrasphaera, as Tetrasphaera jenkinsii sp. nov., Tetrasphaera vanveenii sp. nov. and Tetrasphaera veronensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:2279-2290. [PMID: 17012548 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite differences in their morphologies, comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed high levels of similarity (>94 %) between strains of the filamentous bacterium ‘Candidatus Nostocoida limicola’ and the cocci Tetrasphaera australiensis and Tetrasphaera japonica and the rod Tetrasphaera elongata, all isolated from activated sludge. These sequence data and their chemotaxonomic characters, including cell wall, menaquinone and lipid compositions and fingerprints of their 16S–23S rRNA intergenic regions, support the proposition that these isolates should be combined into a single genus containing six species, in the family Intrasporangiaceae in the Actinobacteria. This suggestion receives additional support from DNA–DNA hybridization data and when partial sequences of the rpoC1 gene are compared between these strains. Even though few phenotypic characterization data were obtained for these slowly growing isolates, it is proposed, on the basis of the extensive chemotaxonomic and molecular evidence presented here, that ‘Candidatus N. limicola’ strains Ben 17, Ben 18, Ben 67, Ben 68 and Ben 74 all be placed into the species Tetrasphaera jenkinsii sp. nov. (type strain Ben 74T=DSM 17519T=NCIMB 14128T), ‘Candidatus N. limicola’ strain Ben 70 into Tetrasphaera vanveenii sp. nov. (type strain Ben 70T=DSM 17518T=NCIMB 14127T) and ‘Candidatus N. limicola’ strains Ver 1 and Ver 2 into Tetrasphaera veronensis sp. nov. (type strain Ver 1T=DSM 17520T=NCIMB 14129T).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McKenzie
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - E M Seviour
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - P Schumann
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A M Maszenan
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - J-R Liu
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - R I Webb
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Microbiology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - P Monis
- Australian Water Quality Centre, Bolivar, South Australia 5108, Australia
| | - C P Saint
- Australian Water Quality Centre, Bolivar, South Australia 5108, Australia
| | - U Steiner
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R J Seviour
- Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
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McCarthy RC, Ryan FJ, McKenzie CM. Interference in immunoenzymometric assays caused by IgM anti-mouse IgG antibodies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:901-7. [PMID: 3046559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Serum samples from a female patient gave falsely elevated results in nine of ten immunoenzymometric assays (IEMAs) that used mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 8), thyrotropin, or creatine kinase-MB isozyme. In contrast, normal results were obtained in five radioimmunoassays that used either mouse monoclonal antibodies or antisera specific for human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 3) or thyrotropin (n = 2). Incubation of her serum with IgG from different species or with F(ab)'2 from mouse IgG prior to IEMA showed that the interference was markedly inhibited by mouse IgG, indicating an antibody specific for the Fc portion of mouse IgG. The interfering activity was bound to and eluted from a column containing Protein A-Sepharose CL-4B. Fractionation of the eluted protein over another column containing Sephacryl S300 showed the activity was enriched in the first protein peak, which contained predominantly IgM. A model is proposed to explain how IgM anti-mouse IgG antibody selectively interferes in IEMAs that use mouse monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C McCarthy
- Department of Pathology Children's Hospital, Denver
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McKenzie CM. Use of the Small Group Teaching Strategy in Classroom Teaching for Diverse Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ 1983; 22:400-1. [PMID: 6100860 DOI: 10.3928/0148-4834-19831101-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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