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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Seminotti B, Grings M, Glänzel NM, Vockley J, Leipnitz G. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists as a potential therapy for inherited metabolic disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115433. [PMID: 36709926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are genetic disorders that cause a disruption of a specific metabolic pathway leading to biochemical, clinical and pathophysiological sequelae. While the metabolite abnormalities in body fluids and tissues can usually be defined by directed or broad-spectrum metabolomic analysis, the pathophysiology of these changes is often not obvious. Mounting evidence has revealed that secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly oxidative phosphorylation impairment and elevated reactive oxygen species, plays a pivotal role in many disorders. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) consist of a group of nuclear hormone receptors (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ) that regulate multiple cellular functions and processes, including response to oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis. In this context, the activation of PPARs has been shown to stimulate oxidative phosphorylation and reduce reactive species levels. Thus, pharmacological treatment with PPAR activators, such as fibrates, has gained much attention in the last 15 years. This review summarizes preclinical (animal models and patient-derived cells) and clinical data on the effect of PPARs in IMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Manzke Glänzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90035-190, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mohammadi E, Nikbakht F, Barati M, Roghani M, Vazifekhah S, Khanizadeh AM, Heidari Z. Protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance in temporal lobe epilepsy: Possible role of mTOR. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102294. [PMID: 36270032 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in epilepsy is critical for the development of more effective therapies. It is believed that mTOR (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin kinases) activity and the mitochondrial dynamic balance change during epilepsy. mTOR affects mitochondrial fission by stimulating the translation of mitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1). In This study, the protective role of N-acetylcysteine was studied in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) through the regulation of mTOR and mitochondrial dynamic proteins. Rats received N-acetylcysteine (oral administration) seven days before induction of epilepsy, followed by one day after epilepsy. TLE was induced by microinjection of kainite into the left lateral ventricle. The total mTOR and Drp1 levels in the hippocampus were evaluated by western blotting. MFN1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Fis.1 and MTFP1 (fission-related proteins) and OPA (fusion-related protein) were detected by real-time PCR. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by Rhodamin 123. The results showed that 72 h after induction of epilepsy, the mTOR protein level increased, and the balance of the mitochondrial dynamic was disturbed; however, oral administration of NAC decreased the mTOR protein level and improved the mitochondrial dynamic. These findings indicate that NAC plays a neuroprotective role in temporal lobe epilepsy, probably through decreasing the mTOR protein level, which can improve the imbalance in the mitochondrial dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Nikbakht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vazifekhah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Khanizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vardar Acar N, Dursun A, Aygün D, Gürses Cila HE, Lay İ, Gülbakan B, Özgül RK. An investigation of different intracellular parameters for Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Cellular stress, antioxidant response and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:190-199. [PMID: 34974126 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with various disease pathologies including Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEMs), among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. At least as much as oxidative stress in cells, reductive stress poses a danger to the disruption of cell homeostasis. p62/SQSTM1, protects cells from stress by activation of Nrf2/Keap1 and autophagy pathways. In this study, we tested the role of cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy via Nrf2/Keap1/p62 pathway in the pathophysiology of three main groups of IEMs. Our results showed that antioxidant and oxidant capacity alone would not be sufficient to reflect the true clinical picture of these diseases. ATP, ROS and mitochondrial membrane potantial (MMP) measurements demonstrated increased cellular stress and bioenergetic imbalance in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), indicating mild mitochondrial dysfunction. In isovaleric acidemia (IVA), no major change was detected in ATP, ROS and MMP values. Propionic acidemia (PA), mitochondrial diseases (MIT) and mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IV) might point out mitohormesis to cope with chronic reductive stress. Induction of Nrf2/Keap1/p62 pathway and increased expression of HMOX1 were detected in all IEMs. LC3B-II and p62 expression results indicated an impaired autophagic flux in MIT and MPS IV and an induction of autophagic flux in MMA, PA and IVA, but also partial expression of Beclin1, enables autophagy activation, was detected in all IEMs. We conclude that individual diagnosis and treatments are of great importance in IEMs. In addition, we assume that the application of therapeutic antioxidant or preventive treatments without determining the cellular stress status in IEMs may disrupt the sensitive oxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell, leading to the potential to further disrupt the clinical picture, especially in patients with reductive stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously relate IEMs with cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Aygün
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Esra Gürses Cila
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İncilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basri Gülbakan
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Douiev L, Sheffer R, Horvath G, Saada A. Bezafibrate Improves Mitochondrial Fission and Function in DNM1L-Deficient Patient Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020301. [PMID: 32012656 PMCID: PMC7072316 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in many cellular processes and their main role is cellular energy production. They constantly undergo fission and fusion, and these counteracting processes are under strict balance. The cytosolic dynamin-related protein 1, Drp1, or dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L) mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Defects in the DNM1L gene result in a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Currently there is no curative treatment available for this condition. We have previously described a patient with a de novo heterozygous c.1084G>A (p.G362S) DNM1L mutation and studied the effects of a small molecule, bezafibrate, on mitochondrial functions in this patient’s fibroblasts compared to controls. Bezafibrate normalized growth on glucose-free medium, as well as ATP production and oxygen consumption. It improved mitochondrial morphology in the patient’s fibroblasts, although causing a mild increase in ROS production at the same time. A human foreskin fibroblast cell line overexpressing the p.G362S mutation showed aberrant mitochondrial morphology, which normalized in the presence of bezafibrate. Further studies would be needed to show the consistency of the response to bezafibrate, possibly using fibroblasts from patients with different mutations in DNM1L, and this treatment should be confirmed in clinical trials. However, taking into account the favorable effects in our study, we suggest that bezafibrate could be offered as a treatment option for patients with certain DNM1L mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Douiev
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Correspondence: (L.D.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +972-26776844 (L.D. & A.S.); Fax: +972-26779018 (L.D. & A.S.)
| | - Ruth Sheffer
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Gabriella Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence: (L.D.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +972-26776844 (L.D. & A.S.); Fax: +972-26779018 (L.D. & A.S.)
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Sammi SR, Foguth RM, Nieves CS, De Perre C, Wipf P, McMurray CT, Lee LS, Cannon JR. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Produces Dopaminergic Neuropathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:417-434. [PMID: 31428778 PMCID: PMC6876260 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely utilized in numerous industries. Due to long environmental and biological half-lives, PFOS is a major public health concern. Although the literature suggests that PFOS may induce neurotoxicity, neurotoxic mechanisms, and neuropathology are poorly understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine if PFOS is selectively neurotoxic and potentially relevant to specific neurological diseases. Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were exposed to PFOS or related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for 72 h and tested for evidence of neuropathology through examination of cholinergic, dopaminergic, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotoninergic neuronal morphologies. Dopaminergic and cholinergic functional analyses were assessed through 1-nonanol and Aldicarb assay. Mechanistic studies assessed total reactive oxygen species, superoxide ions, and mitochondrial content. Finally, therapeutic approaches were utilized to further examine pathogenic mechanisms. Dopaminergic neuropathology occurred at lower exposure levels (25 ppm, approximately 50 µM) than required to produce neuropathology in GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons (100 ppm, approximately 200 µM). Further, PFOS exposure led to dopamine-dependent functional deficits, without altering acetylcholine-dependent paralysis. Mitochondrial content was affected by PFOS at far lower exposure level than required to induce pathology (≥1 ppm, approximately 2 µM). Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure also enhanced oxidative stress. Further, mutation in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase rendered animals more vulnerable. Neuroprotective approaches such as antioxidants, PFAS-protein dissociation, and targeted (mitochondrial) radical and electron scavenging were neuroprotective, suggesting specific mechanisms of action. In general, other tested PFAS were less neurotoxic. The primary impact is to prompt research into potential adverse outcomes related to PFAS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
| | | | - Chloe De Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences
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Djouadi F, Bastin J. Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Cell Signaling and Pharmacological Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040289. [PMID: 30925787 PMCID: PMC6523966 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory chain (RC) defects form a large group of inherited monogenic disorders sharing many common clinical and pathophysiological features, including disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also, for example, oxidative stress and accumulation of noxious metabolites. Interestingly, several transcription factors or co-activators exert transcriptional control on both FAO and RC genes, and can be activated by small molecules, opening to possibly common therapeutic approaches for FAO and RC deficiencies. Here, we review recent data on the potential of various drugs or small molecules targeting pivotal metabolic regulators: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA)) or interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, to alleviate or to correct inborn FAO or RC deficiencies in cellular or animal models. The possible molecular mechanisms involved, in particular the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Applications of these pharmacological approaches as a function of genotype/phenotype are also addressed, which clearly orient toward personalized therapy. Finally, we propose that beyond the identification of individual candidate drugs/molecules, future pharmacological approaches should consider their combination, which could produce additive or synergistic effects that may further enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Bastin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Sammi SR, Agim ZS, Cannon JR. From the Cover: Harmane-Induced Selective Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:335-348. [PMID: 29069497 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous exposures have been linked to PD etiology, causative factors for most cases remain largely unknown. Emerging data on the neurotoxicity of heterocyclic amines suggest that this class of compounds should be examined for relevance to PD. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we tested whether harmane exposure produced selective toxicity to dopamine neurons that is potentially relevant to PD. Harmane is a known tremorigenic β-carboline (a type of heterocyclic amine) found in cooked meat, roasted coffee beans, and tobacco. Thus, this compound represents a potentially important exposure. In the nematode model, we observed dopaminergic neurons to be selectively vulnerable, showing significant loss in terms of structure and function at lower doses than other neuronal populations. In examining mechanisms of toxicity, we observed significant harmane-induced decreases in mitochondrial viability and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Blocking transport through the dopamine transporter (DAT) was not neuroprotective, suggesting that harmane is unlikely to enter the cell through DAT. However, a mitochondrial complex I activator did partially ameliorate neurodegeneration. Further, mitochondrial complex I activator treatment reduced harmane-induced dopamine depletion, measured by the 1-nonanol assay. In summary, we have shown that harmane exposure in C. elegans produces selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity that may bear relevance to PD, and that neurotoxicity may be mediated through mitochondrial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Jiménez-Morales S, Pérez-Amado CJ, Langley E, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Overview of mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in human disease: Focus on breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:923-936. [PMID: 30015870 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High lactate production in cells during growth under oxygen-rich conditions (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of tumor cells, indicating the role of mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis. In fact, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired quality control are frequently observed in cancer cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 13 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), is present in thousands of copies per cell, and has a very high mutation rate. Mutations in mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes encoding proteins that are important players in mitochondrial biogenesis and function are involved in oncogenic processes. A wide range of germline mtDNA polymorphisms, as well as tumor mtDNA somatic mutations have been identified in diverse cancer types. Approximately 72% of supposed tumor-specific somatic mtDNA mutations reported, have also been found as polymorphisms in the general population. The ATPase 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit genes of mtDNA are the most commonly mutated genes in breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, nuclear genes playing a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1), fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are frequently mutated in cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in cancer, with particular focus on those found in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Pérez-Amado
- Biochemistry Sciences Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Department of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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Bartsakoulia M, Mϋller JS, Gomez-Duran A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Boczonadi V, Horvath R. Cysteine Supplementation May be Beneficial in a Subgroup of Mitochondrial Translation Deficiencies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:363-379. [PMID: 27854233 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are severe, relentlessly progressive conditions and there are very few effective therapies available to date. We have previously suggested that in two rare forms of reversible mitochondrial disease (reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency and reversible infantile hepatopathy) supplementation with L-cysteine can improve mitochondrial protein synthesis, since cysteine is required for the 2-thiomodification of mitochondrial tRNAs. OBJECTIVES We studied whether supplementation with L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) results in any improvement of the mitochondrial function in vitro in fibroblasts of patients with different genetic forms of abnormal mitochondrial translation. METHODS We studied in vitro in fibroblasts of patients carrying the common m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G mutations or autosomal recessive mutations in genes affecting mitochondrial translation, whether L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation have an effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain function. RESULTS Here we show that supplementation with L-cysteine, but not with N-acetyl-cysteine partially rescues the mitochondrial translation defect in vitro in fibroblasts of patients carrying the m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G mutations. In contrast, N-acetyl-cysteine had a beneficial effect on mitochondrial translation in TRMU and MTO1 deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation may be a potential treatment for selected subgroups of patients with mitochondrial translation deficiencies. Further studies are needed to explore the full potential of cysteine supplementation as a treatment for patients with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bartsakoulia
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Juliane S Mϋller
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Veronika Boczonadi
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Glasgow RIC, Thompson K, Barbosa IA, He L, Alston CL, Deshpande C, Simpson MA, Morris AAM, Neu A, Löbel U, Hall J, Prokisch H, Haack TB, Hempel M, McFarland R, Taylor RW. Novel GFM2 variants associated with early-onset neurological presentations of mitochondrial disease and impaired expression of OXPHOS subunits. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:227-235. [PMID: 29075935 PMCID: PMC5705740 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are characterised by clinical, molecular and functional heterogeneity, reflecting their bi-genomic control. The nuclear gene GFM2 encodes mtEFG2, a protein with an essential role during the termination stage of mitochondrial translation. We present here two unrelated patients harbouring different and previously unreported compound heterozygous (c.569G>A, p.(Arg190Gln); c.636delA, p.(Glu213Argfs*3)) and homozygous (c.275A>C, p.(Tyr92Ser)) recessive variants in GFM2 identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) together with histochemical and biochemical findings to support the diagnoses of pathological GFM2 variants in each case. Both patients presented similarly in early childhood with global developmental delay, raised CSF lactate and abnormalities on cranial MRI. Sanger sequencing of familial samples confirmed the segregation of bi-allelic GFM2 variants with disease, while investigations into steady-state mitochondrial protein levels revealed respiratory chain subunit defects and loss of mtEFG2 protein in muscle. These data demonstrate the effects of defective mtEFG2 function, caused by previously unreported variants, confirming pathogenicity and expanding the clinical phenotypes associated with GFM2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I C Glasgow
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Inês A Barbosa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew A M Morris
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Axel Neu
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löbel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Hall
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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12
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Kılıç M, Oğuz KK, Kılıç E, Yüksel D, Demirci H, Sağıroğlu MŞ, Yücel-Yılmaz D, Özgül RK. A patient with mitochondrial disorder due to a novel mutation in MRPS22. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1389-1393. [PMID: 28752220 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MRPS22 gene defect is a very rare newly discovered mitochondrial disorder. We report a 4-month-old severely affected male infant with MRPS22 mutation. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous splicing mutation c.339 + 5 G > A in MRPS22 gene. He has mild dysmorphism, hypotonia, developmental delay but not hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and tubulopathy which differ from other majority of reported patients. Therefore, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and tubulopathy may not be considered as constant features of MRPS22. With this case report, we also present first symmetrical bilateral brainstem and medial thalamic lesions, and cerebellar and cerebral atrophy on a brain MR imaging follow-up of ten months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kılıç
- Sami Ulus Children Hospital, Metabolism Unit, Babur cad. No: 44, 06080, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Esra Kılıç
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Genetic Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüksel
- Sami Ulus Children Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Didem Yücel-Yılmaz
- Institute of Child Health, Metabolism Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Institute of Child Health, Metabolism Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Yu-Wai-Man P, Soiferman D, Moore DG, Burté F, Saada A. Evaluating the therapeutic potential of idebenone and related quinone analogues in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:36-42. [PMID: 28093355 PMCID: PMC5644719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an important cause of mitochondrial blindness among young adults. In this study, we investigated the potential of four quinone analogues (CoQ1, CoQ10, decylubiquinone and idebenone) in compensating for the deleterious effect of the m.11778G>A mitochondrial DNA mutation. The LHON fibroblast cell lines tested exhibited reduced cell growth, impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Idebenone increased ATP production and reduced ROS levels, but the effect was partial and cell-specific. The remaining quinone analogues had variable effects and a negative impact on certain mitochondrial parameters was observed in some cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Devorah Soiferman
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David G Moore
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Florence Burté
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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The Effects of Ascorbate, N-Acetylcysteine, and Resveratrol on Fibroblasts from Patients with Mitochondrial Disorders. J Clin Med 2016; 6:jcm6010001. [PMID: 28025489 PMCID: PMC5294954 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are assumed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inborn mitochondrial diseases affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the current study, we characterized the effects of three small molecules with antioxidant properties (N-acetylcysteine, ascorbate, and resveratrol) on ROS production and several OXPHOS parameters (growth in glucose free medium, ATP production, mitochondrial content and membrane potential (MMP)), in primary fibroblasts derived from seven patients with different molecularly defined and undefined mitochondrial diseases. N-acetylcysteine appeared to be the most beneficial compound, reducing ROS while increasing growth and ATP production in some patients' cells. Ascorbate showed a variable positive or negative effect on ROS, ATP production, and mitochondrial content, while incubation with resveratrol disclosed either no effect or detrimental effect on ATP production and MMP in some cells. The individual responses highlight the importance of investigating multiple parameters in addition to ROS to obtain a more balanced view of the overall effect on OXPHOS when evaluating antioxidant treatment options for mitochondrial diseases.
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15
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Kogot-Levin A, Saada A, Leibowitz G, Soiferman D, Douiev L, Raz I, Weksler-Zangen S. Upregulation of Mitochondrial Content in Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficient Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165417. [PMID: 27780242 PMCID: PMC5079646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome-c-oxidase (COX) deficiency is a frequent cause of mitochondrial disease and is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We studied mitochondrial function and biogenesis in fibroblasts derived from the Cohen (CDs) rat, an animal model of COX deficiency. COX activity in CDs-fibroblasts was 50% reduced compared to control rat fibroblasts (P<0.01). ROS-production in CDs fibroblasts increased, along with marked mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased mitochondrial membrane-potential, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Surprisingly, cellular ATP content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were unchanged. To clarify the discrepancy between mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP production, we studied mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover. The content of mitochondria was higher in CDs-fibroblasts. Consistently, AMPK activity and the expression of NRF1-target genes, NRF2 and PGC1-α that mediate mitochondrial biogenesis were increased (P<0.01 vs control fibroblast). In CDs-fibrobalsts, the number of autophagosomes (LC3+ puncta) containing mitochondria in CDs fibroblasts was similar to that in control fibroblasts, suggesting that mitophagy was intact. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in preservation of ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Kogot-Levin
- The Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research and Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- The Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devorah Soiferman
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research and Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liza Douiev
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research and Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- The Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- The Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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16
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Nightingale H, Pfeffer G, Bargiela D, Horvath R, Chinnery PF. Emerging therapies for mitochondrial disorders. Brain 2016; 139:1633-48. [PMID: 27190030 PMCID: PMC4892756 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a diverse group of debilitating conditions resulting from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations that affect multiple organs, often including the central and peripheral nervous system. Despite major advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, effective treatments have not been forthcoming. For over five decades patients have been treated with different vitamins, co-factors and nutritional supplements, but with no proven benefit. There is therefore a clear need for a new approach. Several new strategies have been proposed acting at the molecular or cellular level. Whilst many show promise in vitro, the clinical potential of some is questionable. Here we critically appraise the most promising preclinical developments, placing the greatest emphasis on diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. With new animal and cellular models, longitudinal deep phenotyping in large patient cohorts, and growing interest from the pharmaceutical industry, the field is poised to make a breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nightingale
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David Bargiela
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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17
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Schweppe DK, Harding C, Chavez JD, Wu X, Ramage E, Singh PK, Manoil C, Bruce JE. Host-Microbe Protein Interactions during Bacterial Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1521-1530. [PMID: 26548613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies protein-protein interactions are essential mediators of infection. While bacterial proteins required for host cell invasion and infection can be identified through bacterial mutant library screens, information about host target proteins and interspecies complex structures has been more difficult to acquire. Using an unbiased chemical crosslinking/mass spectrometry approach, we identified interspecies protein-protein interactions in human lung epithelial cells infected with Acinetobacter baumannii. These efforts resulted in identification of 3,076 crosslinked peptide pairs and 46 interspecies protein-protein interactions. Most notably, the key A. baumannii virulence factor, OmpA, was identified as crosslinked to host proteins involved in desmosomes, specialized structures that mediate host cell-to-cell adhesion. Co-immunoprecipitation and transposon mutant experiments were used to verify these interactions and demonstrate relevance for host cell invasion and acute murine lung infection. These results shed new light on A. baumannii-host protein interactions and their structural features, and the presented approach is generally applicable to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christopher Harding
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramage
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colin Manoil
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Room 154, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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18
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Brito S, Thompson K, Campistol J, Colomer J, Hardy SA, He L, Fernández-Marmiesse A, Palacios L, Jou C, Jiménez-Mallebrera C, Armstrong J, Montero R, Artuch R, Tischner C, Wenz T, McFarland R, Taylor RW. Long-term survival in a child with severe encephalopathy, multiple respiratory chain deficiency and GFM1 mutations. Front Genet 2015; 6:102. [PMID: 25852744 PMCID: PMC4369643 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diseases due to deficiencies in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) can be associated with nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial translation, causing heterogeneous early onset and often fatal phenotypes. CASE REPORT The authors describe the clinical features and diagnostic workup of an infant who presented with an early onset severe encephalopathy, spastic-dystonic tetraparesis, failure to thrive, seizures and persistent lactic acidemia. Brain imaging revealed thinning of the corpus callosum and diffuse alteration of white matter signal. Genetic investigation confirmed two novel mutations in the GFM1 gene, encoding the mitochondrial translation elongation factor G1 (mtEFG1), resulting in combined deficiencies of OXPHOS. DISCUSSION The patient shares multiple clinical, laboratory and radiological similarities with the 11 reported patients with mutations involving this gene, but presents with a stable clinical course without metabolic decompensations, rather than a rapidly progressive fatal course. Defects in GFM1 gene confer high susceptibility to neurologic or hepatic dysfunction and this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first described patient who has survived beyond early childhood. Reporting of such cases is essential so as to delineate the key clinical and neuroradiological features of this disease and provide a more comprehensive view of its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brito
- Serviço de Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Hospital de Santo AndréLeiria, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jaume Campistol
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Colomer
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Steven A. Hardy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ana Fernández-Marmiesse
- Diagnosis and Treatment Unit for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaLa Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Jou
- Pathology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Mallebrera
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Armstrong
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
- Biochemical, Genetics and Rett Unit, Laboratory Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
- Biochemical Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
- Biochemical Department, Hospital Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christin Tischner
- Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Tina Wenz
- Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- German Network for Mitochondrial Disorders (mitoNET)Munich, Germany
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, caused by mutated COX6B1, is associated with encephalomyopathy, hydrocephalus and cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:159-64. [PMID: 24781756 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is a prevalent cause of mitochondrial disease and is mostly caused by nuclear-encoded mutations in assembly factors while rarely by mutations in structural subunits. We hereby report a case of isolated COX deficiency manifesting with encephalomyopathy, hydrocephalus and hypertropic cardiomyopathy due to a missense p.R20C mutation in the COX6B1 gene, which encodes an integral, nuclear-encoded COX subunit. This novel mutation was predicted to be severe in silico. In accord, enzymatic activity was undetectable in muscle and fibroblasts, was severely decreased in lymphocytes and the COX6B1 protein was barely detectable in patient's muscle mitochondria. Complementation with the wild-type cDNA by a lentiviral construct restored COX activity, and mitochondrial function was improved by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, resveratrol and ascorbate in the patient's fibroblasts. We suggest that genetic analysis of COX6B1should be included in the investigation of isolated COX deficiency, including patients with cardiac defects. Initial measurement of COX activity in lymphocytes may be useful as it might circumvent the need for invasive muscle biopsy. The evaluation of ascorbate supplementation to patients with mutated COX6B1 is warranted.
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