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Li L, Wang X, Chen L, Li J, Xue Y, Lin H, Sun H, Bo Z, Shen H, Sun P. Genetic evolutionary analysis of a strain of Senecavirus A in Anhui and the establishment of its detection method. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 124:105665. [PMID: 39233257 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecavirus A (SVA) is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae, and is one of the pathogens of porcine blistering disease. SVA has been reported in the United States, Canada, China, Thailand, and Colombia. METHODS In this study, positive SVA infection was detected by RT-PCR in sick materials collected from pig farms of different sizes in Anhui Province. RESULTS In this study, a virulent strain of SVA was successfully obtained by viral isolation on BHK21 cells and named SVA-CH-AHAU-1. Meanwhile, a simple, rapid and accurate nano-PCR method for the detection of SVA infection was established in this study, using the recombinant plasmid pClone-SVA-3D as a template. CONCLUSIONS The complete genome of SVA-CH-AHAU-1 is 7286 bp, including a 5' non-coding region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF) of 6546 nucleotides, encoding 2182 amino acids (aa), and a 3' UTR with Poly(A) features, and phylogenetic analysis showed that this isolate had the highest nucleotide homology (97.9 %) with the US isolate US-15-41901SD. In this study, the virulent strain SVA-CH-AHAU-1 was found to recombine in the ORF region with isolates SVA-CH-SDGT-2017 and SVA/Canada/ON/FMA-2015-0024 T2/2015. The complete genome has been submitted to GeneBank with the accession number OM654411. In addition, our results suggest that the established nano-PCR assay can be used as an economical, reliable and sensitive method for the field diagnosis of SVA method, especially in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Haicheng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - HuiHui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haixiao Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China.
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Pluta A, Jaworski JP, Droscha C, VanderWeele S, Taxis TM, Valas S, Brnić D, Jungić A, Ruano MJ, Sánchez A, Murakami K, Nakamura K, Puentes R, De Brun ML, Ruiz V, Gómez MEL, Lendez P, Dolcini G, Camargos MF, Fonseca A, Barua S, Wang C, Giza A, Kuźmak J. Inter-laboratory comparison of eleven quantitative or digital PCR assays for detection of proviral bovine leukemia virus in blood samples. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:381. [PMID: 39187880 PMCID: PMC11346035 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis and causes a persistent infection that can leave cattle with no symptoms. Many countries have been able to successfully eradicate BLV through improved detection and management methods. However, with the increasing novel molecular detection methods there have been few efforts to standardize these results at global scale. This study aimed to determine the interlaboratory accuracy and agreement of 11 molecular tests in detecting BLV. Each qPCR/ddPCR method varied by target gene, primer design, DNA input and chemistries. DNA samples were extracted from blood of BLV-seropositive cattle and lyophilized to grant a better preservation during shipping to all participants around the globe. Twenty nine out of 44 samples were correctly identified by the 11 labs and all methods exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity between 74 and 100%. Agreement amongst different assays was linked to BLV copy numbers present in samples and the characteristics of each assay (i.e., BLV target sequence). Finally, the mean correlation value for all assays was within the range of strong correlation. This study highlights the importance of continuous need for standardization and harmonization amongst assays and the different participants. The results underscore the need of an international calibrator to estimate the efficiency (standard curve) of the different assays and improve quantitation accuracy. Additionally, this will inform future participants about the variability associated with emerging chemistries, methods, and technologies used to study BLV. Altogether, by improving tests performance worldwide it will positively aid in the eradication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pluta
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, 24-100, Poland.
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Juan Pablo Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Casey Droscha
- CentralStar Cooperative, 4200 Forest Rd, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | | | - Tasia M Taxis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Stephen Valas
- Niort Laboratory, Unit Pathology and Welfare of Ruminants, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Ploufragan-Plouzané, Niort, France
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Andreja Jungić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - María José Ruano
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Carretera M-106 (Km 1,4), Madrid, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Azucena Sánchez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Carretera M-106 (Km 1,4), Madrid, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kurumi Nakamura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Puentes
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Microbiología, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8, Km 18, Montevideo, 13000, Uruguay
| | - MLaureana De Brun
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Unidad de Microbiología, Universidad de La República, Ruta 8, Km 18, Montevideo, 13000, Uruguay
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marla Eliana Ladera Gómez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Lendez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Dolcini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento SAMP, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil-CIVETAN (CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Antônio Fonseca
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA
| | - Aleksandra Giza
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuźmak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
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Pan X, Yu XZ, Qin P. Effects of two food colorants on catalase and trypsin: Binding evidences from experimental and computational analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122702. [PMID: 37054570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing concern has been paid to the toxicity of additives in food. The present study investigated the interaction of two commonly used food colorants, quinoline yellow (QY) and sunset yellow (SY), with catalase and trypsin under physiological conditions by fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ultraviolet-vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence techniques as well as molecular docking. Based on the fluorescence spectra and ITC data, both QY and SY could significantly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of catalase or trypsin spontaneously to form a moderate complex driven by different forces. Additionally, the thermodynamics results demonstrated QY bind more tightly to both catalase and trypsin than SY, suggesting QY poses more of a threat to two enzymes than SY. Furthermore, the binding of two colorants could not only lead to the conformational and microenvironmental alterations of both catalase and trypsin, but also inhibit the activity of two enzymes. This study provides an important reference for understanding the biological transportation of synthetic food colorants in vivo, and enhancing their risk assessment on food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Pan
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China.
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Martins NDS, Rodrigues APS, Bicalho JM, Albuquerque JJ, Reis LL, Alves LL, de Oliveira RM, Santos LSD, de Carvalho Neta AV, de Oliveira RA, Carvalho RC, Melo FA, Dos Reis JKP, Abreu-Silva AL. Molecular characterization of Brazilian FeLV strains in São Luis, Maranhão Brazil. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-01997-x. [PMID: 37195404 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the Retroviridae family and Gammaretrovirus genus, and causes a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases in domestic cats (Felis catus), such as thymic and multicentric lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and immunodeficiency. The aim of the present study was to carry out the molecular characterization of FeLV-positive samples and determine the circulating viral subtype in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as identify its phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity. The FIV Ac/FeLV Ag Test Kit (Alere™) and the commercial immunoenzymatic assay kit (Alere™) were used to detect the positive samples, which were subsequently confirmed by ELISA (ELISA - SNAP® Combo FeLV/FIV). To confirm the presence of proviral DNA, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the target fragments of 450, 235, and 166 bp of the FeLV gag gene. For the detection of FeLV subtypes, nested PCR was performed for FeLV-A, B, and C, with amplification of 2350-, 1072-, 866-, and 1755-bp fragments for the FeLV env gene. The results obtained by nested PCR showed that the four positive samples amplified the A and B subtypes. The C subtype was not amplified. There was an AB combination but no ABC combination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities (78% bootstrap) between the subtype circulating in Brazil and FeLV-AB and with the subtypes of Eastern Asia (Japan) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia), demonstrating that this subtype possesses high genetic variability and a differentiated genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathálya Dos Santos Martins
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marques Bicalho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joanna Jéssica Albuquerque
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Luana Luz Reis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil
| | - Luciana Luz Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil
| | - Renata Mondego de Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sarmento Dos Santos
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Alcina Vieira de Carvalho Neta
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Rudson Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cardoso Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, Rodovia BR 222, Km 04, s/n, Boa Vista, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Ferdinan Almeida Melo
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Jenner Karlisson Pimenta Dos Reis
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil.
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Jaloux C, Bonnet M, Vogtensperger M, Witters M, Veran J, Giraudo L, Sabatier F, Michel J, Legré R, Guiraudie-Capraz G, Féron F. Human nasal olfactory stem cells, purified as advanced therapy medicinal products, improve neuronal differentiation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042276. [PMID: 36466172 PMCID: PMC9713000 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC) are mesenchymal stem cells derived from the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa. They display neurogenic and immunomodulatory properties and were shown to induce recovery in animal models of spinal cord trauma, hearing loss, Parkinsons's disease, amnesia, and peripheral nerve injury. As a step toward clinical practice, we sought to (i) devise a culture protocol that meets the requirements set by human health agencies and (ii) assess the efficacy of stem cells on neuron differentiation. METHODS Nasal olfactory mucosa biopsies from three donors were used to design and validate the good manufacturing process for purifying stem cells. All processes and procedures were performed by expert staff from the cell therapy laboratory of the public hospital of Marseille (AP-HM), according to aseptic handling manipulations. Premises, materials and air were kept clean at all times to avoid cross-contamination, accidents, or even fatalities. Purified stem cells were cultivated for 24 or 48 h and conditioned media were collected before being added to the culture medium of the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a. RESULTS Compared to the explant culture-based protocol, enzymatic digestion provides higher cell numbers more rapidly and is less prone to contamination. The use of platelet lysate in place of fetal calf serum is effective in promoting higher cell proliferation (the percentage of CFU-F progenitors is 15.5%), with the optimal percentage of platelet lysate being 10%. Cultured OE-MSCs do not show chromosomal rearrangement and, as expected, express the usual phenotypic markers of mesenchymal stem cells. When incorporated in standard culture medium, the conditioned medium of purified OE-MSCs promotes cell differentiation of Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSION We developed a safer and more efficient manufacturing process for clinical grade olfactory stem cells. With this protocol, human OE-MSCs will soon be used in a Phase I clinical based on their autologous transplantation in digital nerves with a neglected injury. However, further studies are required to unveil the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jaloux
- CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery of the Limbs, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Bonnet
- CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Vogtensperger
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Witters
- CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery of the Limbs, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Veran
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Giraudo
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, UMR-1263, INSERM, INRA 1260, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Justin Michel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Universitaire des Systèmes Thermiques Industriels, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Regis Legré
- Department of Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery of the Limbs, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Guiraudie-Capraz
- CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Cassotta M, Bartnicka JJ, Pistollato F, Parvatam S, Weber T, D'Alessandro V, Bastos LF, Coecke S. A worldwide survey on the use of animal-derived materials and reagents in scientific experimentation. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:564-583. [PMID: 36093359 PMCID: PMC9444711 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cell and tissue-based methods in basic, applied and regulatory science has been increasing exponentially. Animal-derived components, including serum, coating materials, growth factors and antibodies are routinely used in cell/tissue cultures and in general laboratory practices. In addition to ethical issues, the use and production of animal-derived materials and reagents raises many scientific concerns, generally associated with presence of undefined components and batch-to-batch variability, which may compromise experimental reproducibility. On the other hand, non-animal materials and reagents, such as human cells, alternatives to animal sera or non-animal recombinant antibodies, are becoming increasingly available, and their use is encouraged by the EU Directive 2010/63 and the Guidance Document on Good In vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP), published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In an effort to map the current state of use of animal-derived reagents across different sectors and to identify the obstacles possibly hampering the implementation of non-animal derived alternatives, a global online survey addressed to scientists working on in vivo, in vitro, in silico methods, in academia as well as pharmaceutical or cosmetic companies, was conducted with the goal to understand: 1) the most commonly used animal-derived materials and reagents, 2) the main issues associated with the production and use of animal-derived materials and reagents, 3) the current level of knowledge on available non-animal alternative materials and reagents, and 4) what educational and information sources could be most useful or impactful to disseminate knowledge on non-animal alternatives. This paper provides an overview of the survey replies and discusses possible proposals to increase awareness, acceptance and use of non-animal ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surat Parvatam
- Centre for Predictive Human Model SystemsAtal Incubation Centre‐Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (AIC‐CCMB)HyderabadIndia
| | - Tilo Weber
- Department for Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Research, Testing and EducationAnimal Welfare Academy of the German Animal Welfare FederationNeubibergGermany
| | | | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
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Fonseca Júnior AA, Ferreira LR, Laguardia-Nascimento M, Rivetti Júnior AV, Bueno BL, Dos Reis JKP, Camargos MF. Evaluation of three different genomic regions for detection of bovine leukemia virus by real-time PCR. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2483-2488. [PMID: 34595727 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic member of the genus Deltaretrovirus. BLV infects cattle worldwide and is responsible for significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to validate real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of BLV. After identification of the most efficient qPCR, the limits of detection, repeatability, and reproducibility were determined. The results indicate that qPCR can be easily reproduced between laboratories with high sensitivity. The test variation was low in samples from lesions suggestive of bovine leukosis or whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil.
- Centro Universitário de Sete Lagoas, UNIFEMM, Sete Lagoas, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Rabello Ferreira
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus Laguardia-Nascimento
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Vasconcelos Rivetti Júnior
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
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8
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Gasparini M, Laguardia-Nascimento M, Sales ÉB, Oliveira AGG, Lobato ZIP, Camargos MF, Fonseca Júnior AA. Study of molecular diagnosis and viremia of bluetongue virus in sheep and cattle. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1623-1626. [PMID: 34081316 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an RNA virus that infects cattle and sheep. The objective of this study was to compare two real-time PCRs for the detection of BTV and to monitor Orbivirus viremia in sheep and cattle for 6 months. The PCR results showed the occurrence of infected animals throughout the experiment without records of clinical signs. The number of positive animals reduced during the experiment, but some animals were positive for BTV RNA during the entire experiment. The performance of the two RT-qPCRs for BTV detection techniques used in this work revealed a kappa index of 0.71 for cattle and 0.75 for sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gasparini
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus Laguardia-Nascimento
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Érica Bravo Sales
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Gabriella Guimarães Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Zélia I P Lobato
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, ZIP 33600-000, Brazil.
- UNIFEMM - Centro Universitário de Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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9
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Gómez-Romero N, Velazquez-Salinas L, Ridpath JF, Verdugo-Rodríguez A, Basurto-Alcántara FJ. Detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus found contaminating commercial veterinary vaccines, cell lines, and fetal bovine serum lots originating in Mexico. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1999-2003. [PMID: 33970345 PMCID: PMC8107421 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the presence of RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a contaminant of different biological products used in Mexico for veterinary vaccine production. For this purpose, six batches of monovalent vaccines, eight cell line batches used for vaccine production, and 10 fetal bovine serum lots (FBS) commercially available in Mexico from different suppliers were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral RNA was detected in 62.5% of the samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the subgenotypes BVDV-1a, 1b, and BVDV-2a in the tested samples. Collectively, these findings indicate that contamination by BVDV RNA occurs in commercial vaccines and reagents used in research and production of biological products. The ramifications of this contamination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninnet Gómez-Romero
- Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.,Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Antonio Verdugo-Rodríguez
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Gard Schnuelle J. Emerging diseases in international trade in embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:55-65. [PMID: 38769671 DOI: 10.1071/rd20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant change in cattle production and germplasm exchange has occurred over the past 50 years. The growth of artificial reproductive technologies and their broad implementation has become commonplace. The production and subsequent import and export of semen and embryos throughout the world has increased significantly. The embryo transfer industry has reached a new record of growth, with approximately 1.5 million transferrable bovine embryos collected and/or produced in 2018. Over 1 million of these embryos were produced invitro . The increased production of invitro -produced embryos leads to greater opportunities involving international trade. However, further research concerning emerging pathogens is imperative to ensure the efficacy and safety of the embryo transfer industry. Appropriate biosecurity protocols, including reliable testing methodology and effective embryo processing procedures, are key in preventing disease due to emerging and re-emerging pathogens that can be transmitted via embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gard Schnuelle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5522, USA
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11
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Bussooa A. Characterising Vascular Cell Monolayers Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and a Novel Electroanalytical Plot. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:89-101. [PMID: 33061321 PMCID: PMC7520662 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s266663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological research relies on the culture of mammalian cells, which are prone to changes in phenotype during experiments involving several passages of cells. In regenerative medicine, specifically, there is an increasing need to expand the characterisation landscape for stem cells by identifying novel stable markers. This paper reports on a novel electric cell-substrate impedance sensing-based electroanalytical diagram which can be used for the "electrical characterisation" of cell monolayers consisting of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells or co-culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interdigitated electrodes were microfabricated using standard cleanroom procedures and integrated into cell chambers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data were acquired for 2 vascular cell types after they formed monolayers on the electrodes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A Mean impedance per unit area vs Mean phase plots provided a reproducible, visually obvious and statistically significant method of characterising cell monolayers. This electroanalytic diagram has never been used in previous papers, but it confirms findings by other research groups using similar approaches that the complex impedance spectra of different cell type are different. Further work is required to determine whether this method could be extended to other cell types, and if this is the case, a library of "signature spectra" could be generated for "electrical characterisation" of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Bussooa
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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12
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Rational evaluation of human serum albumin coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for xenogenic-free stem cell therapies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Pecora A, Pérez López J, Jordán MJ, Franco LN, Politzki R, Ruiz V, Alvarez I. Analysis of irradiated Argentinean fetal bovine serum for adventitious agents. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:892-897. [PMID: 32814516 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720951556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in cell culture may be contaminated with adventitious agents, which can affect the production of biologicals and the results of clinical laboratory tests. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence of adventitious agent contamination of Argentinean irradiated FBS dating from 2015 to 2019. We analyzed FBS batches for mycoplasma and adventitious viruses (bovine pestiviruses, bovine adenovirus, bluetongue virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, rabies virus, bovine parvovirus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and reovirus). Cell passages followed by direct immunofluorescence were carried out to check viability of the mentioned adventitious agents. Also, molecular detection of mycoplasma and pestiviruses was performed on the FBS samples. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against pestiviruses was determined. Molecular analyses indicated that frequencies of mycoplasma and pestiviruses in FBS were 14% and 84%, respectively. All of the batches were seronegative for pestiviral antibodies. After cell passages, all FBS samples were negative for hemadsorbent agents and by immunofluorescence for all of the viral species analyzed; PCR assays were negative for mycoplasma and pestiviruses. Our results demonstrate that, of all adventitious agents tested, local FBS batches only had traces of mycoplasma and pestiviruses; gamma irradiation was effective in inactivating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pecora
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Pérez López
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano J Jordán
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro N Franco
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Politzki
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Virology Institute, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins display virucidal activity against Bovine adenovirus and Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101947. [PMID: 32768587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are photoactive compounds that can absorb the energy of light and transfer it to oxygen molecules, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once produced, ROS may alter biological molecules and cellular mechanisms, leading to cell apoptosis or inactivation of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro virucidal activity of six tetra-cationic porphyrins against two bovine viruses (Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, BoHV-1, enveloped; and Bovine adenovirus, BAV, non-enveloped). For this, viral suspensions were incubated with each porphyrin (H2TMeP, ZnTMeP, and CuTMeP at 4.0 μM, NiTMeP at 5.0 μM, and CoClTMeP and MnClTMeP at 1.0 μM) and exposed to white-light irradiation for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min (BAV) or 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (BoHV-1). Then, the remaining viral titers were determined by limiting dilution and compared with the control (virus + porphyrins without light exposition). The porphyrins H2TMeP and ZnTMeP showed the highest virucidal activity against both viruses. ZnTMeP inactivated BoHV-1 after 30 min of photoactivation and H2TMeP after 60 min. The BAV was photo-inactivated by both porphyrins at 180 min of white-light exposition. CuTMeP, NiTMeP, and CoClTMeP porphyrins had weak virucidal activity against BoHV-1 and MnClTMeP showed no virucidal activity against both viruses. These results indicated that free-base H2TMeP and ZnTMeP porphyrins present virucidal activity against non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, opening the possibility for their use to inactivate viruses on surfaces, biological substrates, and solutions.
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15
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Peterson NC, Berlin AA. Risk Assessment for Use of a Porcine Circovirus-Contaminated Reagent in a Barrier Maintained Rodent Colony. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:575-579. [PMID: 32605692 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A proposal for the use of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to develop a mouse model of pulmonary emphysema raised concerns about introducing contaminating porcine viruses into our barrier facility. Porcine Circovirus (PCV) is a known contaminant of vaccines and cell cultures that have been exposed to porcine-derived reagents. Endemic infection of PCV3 in laboratory mice has been reported, and some evidence supports natural PCV infection in wild mice. PPE samples from 2 different vendors tested positive for DNA from both PCV2 and 3. To allow model development with these reagents to proceed, we developed a protocol that would meet scientific objectives, minimize exposure of mice, and provide information on the potential for the virus to spread. Five d after BALB/c mice received intralaryngeal administration of PPE, lungs were harvested and analyzed for evidence of disease. Tissues from other major organs were submitted to test for disseminated PCV2 and 3 DNA. Similarly, tissues (including lungs) from direct contact nude sentinel mice were analyzed for the presence of the virus. To evaluate the possibility of endemic PCV2/3 infection, we also surveyed non-porcine reagent exposed mice on other studies. PCV2 and 3 was not detected in any of the tissues submitted. Although this study provided no evidence of infection and transmission of PCV2/3 from the contaminated PPE sample over the 5 d study, further work is needed to understand the risks and impact of introducing PCV contaminated cells or reagents into barrier maintained rodent colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Peterson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland;,
| | - Aaron A Berlin
- Early Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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16
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Dougall AM, Brinkley TR, Clarke BD. Imported biologicals: unforeseen biosecurity risks in the laboratory. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ma20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imported biological products are ubiquitous necessities of modern life that can pose significant biosecurity risks to Australia. Products produced using animal material are used everywhere from enzymes in cleaning products, to cell lines and bacterial cultures used to produce vaccines and medicines. This article highlights adventitious agents of biologicals and provides an overview of the considerations and regulatory tools administered under the Biosecurity Act 2015 (Commonwealth) to manage these biosecurity risks whilst still facilitating imports of biologicals.
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17
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Gabriel MA, Dare EV, Meunier SM, Campbell JL, Sasges MR, Aucoin MG. Ultraviolet irradiation of trypsin, lysozyme and β-galactosidase: how does UVC affect these enzymes when used as a secondary barrier against adventitious agents? Vaccine 2019; 37:6518-6525. [PMID: 31519446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin is one of the essential raw materials used in the manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products. As an animal derived product, it can potentially carry a serious risk of contamination with adventitious agents that can result in production shut down and lost product. To mitigate these risks, several methods are currently being used in the industry to remove contamination including physical and chemical methods. Ultraviolet-C (UVC) light is known to inactivate adventitious agents that are resistant to physical and chemical methods and could be a secondary barrier strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of UVC irradiation on the activity and structure of trypsin. Extreme doses of UVC light were applied to trypsin using a collimated beam apparatus. The effect of UVC light on trypsin enzymatic activity was measured using a colorimetric activity assay and the effect on structure was analyzed by spectrophotometry, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. To broaden the scope, the effect of UVC light on the activity of two additional enzymes, lysozyme and β-galactosidase, was also examined. At high doses of UVC light, changes to protein structure and protein fragmentation resulted in decreased trypsin activity. However, minimal damage was observed at doses applicable to inactivating adventitious agents, making UVC a feasible treatment for viral inactivation of trypsin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Gabriel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Trojan Technologies, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma V Dare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sarah M Meunier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc G Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Basso G, Cargnelutti JF, Oliveira AL, Acunha TV, Weiblen R, Flores EF, Iglesias BA. Photodynamic inactivation of selected bovine viruses by isomeric cationic tetra-platinated porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based photodynamic processes have been used for the inactivation of microorganisms and treatment of tumors. The virucidal activity of porphyrins 3-PtTPyP and 4-PtTPyP was investigated against bovine viruses representative of the main structural groups (enveloped/non-enveloped, DNA/RNA: BVDV, BoHV-1, BAV and BEV), and against two epitheliotropic viruses (VSV and VACV). Viral suspensions were incubated at 0.91 [Formula: see text]mol [Formula: see text] L[Formula: see text] and exposed to a white-light LED array source (25 mW [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]; 90 J [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] for 0, 15, 30 and 60 min followed by determination of the remaining virus titers. Porphyrin 3-PtTPyP reduced almost 6 log of VSV and 3.5 log of BVDV titers after 15 min and complete virus photoinactivation was achieved after 30 min. 4-PtTPyP at 0.91 [Formula: see text]mol [Formula: see text] L[Formula: see text] produced reduction of titers of all enveloped virus depending on the time of light irradiation. No virucidal activity of any of the porphyrins was observed for non-enveloped viruses and these results showed the potential of porphyrins to inactivate viruses in premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Basso
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Cargnelutti
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda L. Oliveira
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Área Profissional de Saúde/Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago V. Acunha
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rudi Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A. Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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19
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Comparison of six methods of DNA extraction for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis by real-time PCR. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:1025-1028. [PMID: 31101955 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which affects domestic animals and is transmissible to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate six methods of DNA extraction directly from bovine tissue to detect Brucella spp. The Cq values for all samples were above 30 and varied according to the extraction kit used, but four kits showed no statistical difference in sensitivity. This work demonstrates the importance of choosing the best extraction kit before validation of a molecular diagnostic technique.
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20
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Pinheiro-de-Oliveira TF, Fonseca-Júnior AA, Camargos MF, Laguardia-Nascimento M, Giannattasio-Ferraz S, Cottorello ACP, de Oliveira AM, Góes-Neto A, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR to identify the emerging vesicular virus Senecavirus A in biological samples. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1360-1369. [PMID: 30864242 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) belonging to the family Picornaviridae, genus Senecavirus was incidentally isolated in 2002 from the PER.C6 (transformed foetal retinoblast) cell line. However, currently, this virus is associated with vesicular disease in swine and it has been reported in countries such as the United States of America, Canada, China, Thailand and Colombia. In Brazil, the SVA was firstly reported in 2015 in outbreaks of vesicular disease in swine, clinically indistinguishable of Foot-and-mouth disease, a contagious viral disease that generates substantial economic losses. In the present work, it was standardized a diagnostic tool for SVA based on RNA reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) using one-step and two-step approaches. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were done in parallel with real-time PCR, RT-qPCR (one-step and two-step) for comparison of sensitivity and specificity of both methods. In the standardization of RT-ddPCR, the double-quenched probe and the temperature gradient were crucial to reduce background and improve amplitude between positive and negative droplets. The limit of detection and analytical specificity of techniques of one-step techniques showed superior performance than two-step methods described here. Additionally, the results showed 94.2% concordance (p < 0.001) for RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR using the one-step assay approach and biological samples from Brazilian outbreaks of Senecavirus A. However, ddRT-PCR had a better performance than RT-PCR when swine serum pools were tested. According to the results, the one-step RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR is highlighted to be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for Senecavirus A and for viral RNA absolute quantification in biological samples (RT-ddPCR), being a useful tool for vesicular diseases control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Fonseca-Júnior
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M F Camargos
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Laguardia-Nascimento
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - A C P Cottorello
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M de Oliveira
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A Góes-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Rodrigues A, Fonseca Júnior A, Lima G, Bicalho J, Leite R, Reis J. Molecular detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in bovines from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G.K. Lima
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - R.C. Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.K.P. Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Development of a droplet digital RT-PCR for the quantification of foot-and-mouth virus RNA. J Virol Methods 2018; 259:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Whitmer SLM, Yadav PD, Sarkale P, Chaubal GY, Francis A, Klena J, Nichol ST, Ströher U, Mourya DT. Characterization of Unknown Orthobunya-Like Viruses from India. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090451. [PMID: 30149496 PMCID: PMC6165560 DOI: 10.3390/v10090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of agents causing idiopathic human diseases has been crucial in the identification of novel viruses. This study describes the isolation and characterization of two novel orthobunyaviruses obtained from a jungle myna and a paddy bird from Karnataka State, India. Using an NGS approach, these isolates were classified as Cat Que and Balagodu viruses belonging to the Manzanilla clade of the Simbu serogroup. Closely related viruses in the Manzanilla clade have been isolated from mosquitos, humans, birds, and pigs across a wide geographic region. Since Orthobunyaviruses exhibit high reassortment frequency and can cause acute, self-limiting febrile illness, these data suggest that human and livestock infections of the Oya/Cat Que/Manzanilla virus may be more widespread and/or under-reported than anticipated. It therefore becomes imperative to identify novel and unknown viruses in order to understand their role in human and animal pathogenesis. The current study is a step forward in this regard and would act as a prototype method for isolation, identification and detection of several other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L M Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Francis
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - John Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Ute Ströher
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Jardim JC, Amaral BP, Martins M, Sebastian P, Heinemann MB, Cortez A, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Respiratory signs, fever and lymphopenia in calves inoculated with Brazilian HoBi-like pestiviruses. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:264-268. [PMID: 30040999 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hobi-like viruses (HobiPeV) comprise a novel, recently classified species of bovine pestiviruses, originally identified in commercial fetal bovine serum of Brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. Although frequently isolated from clinical cases, most HobiPeV isolates failed to reproduce overt disease in cattle upon experimental inoculation. Herein, we describe the outcome of experimental infection of four to six months-old seronegative calves with two Brazilian HobiPeV isolates. Calves inoculated intranasally with isolate SV478/07 developed viremia between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (pi) and shed virus in nasal secretions up to day 11pi. These animals presented hyperthermia (day 7 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia from days 4 to 8pi. Clinically, all four calves developed varied degrees of apathy, anorexia, mild to moderate respiratory signs (nasal secretion, hyperemia), ocular discharge and pasty diarrhea in the days following virus inoculation. In contrast, calves inoculated with isolate SV757/15 presented only hyperthermia (days 3 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia (days 4-8 pi), without other apparent clinical signs. In these animals, viremia was detected up to day 9 pi and virus shedding in nasal secretions lasted up to day 12-14 pi. Both groups seroconverted to the inoculated viruses, developing virus neutralizing (VN) titers from 320 to 5120 at day 28pi. These results extend previous findings that experimental infections of calves with HobiPeV are predominantly mild, yet they also indicate that field isolates may differ in their ability to cause disease in susceptible animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - B P Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - P Sebastian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Brazil
| | - A Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Weiblen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Karuppannan AK, Opriessnig T. Possible risks posed by single-stranded DNA viruses of pigs associated with xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12453. [PMID: 30264878 PMCID: PMC6120555 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Routine large-scale xenotransplantation from pigs to humans is getting closer to clinical reality owing to several state-of-the-art technologies, especially the ability to rapidly engineer genetically defined pigs. However, using pig organs in humans poses risks including unwanted cross-species transfer of viruses and adaption of these pig viruses to the human organ recipient. Recent developments in the field of virology, including the advent of metagenomic techniques to characterize entire viromes, have led to the identification of a plethora of viruses in many niches. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses are the largest group prevalent in virome studies in mammals. Specifically, the ssDNA viral genomes are characterized by a high rate of nucleotide substitution, which confers a proclivity to adapt to new hosts and cross-species barriers. Pig-associated ssDNA viruses include torque teno sus viruses (TTSuV) in the Anelloviridae family, porcine parvoviruses (PPV), and porcine bocaviruses (PBoV) both in the family of Parvoviridae, and porcine circoviruses (PCV) in the Circoviridae family, some of which have been confirmed to be pathogenic to pigs. The risks of these viruses for the human recipient during xenotransplantation procedures are relatively unknown. Based on the scant knowledge available on the prevalence, predilection, and pathogenicity of pig-associated ssDNA viruses, careful screening and monitoring are required. In the case of positive identification, risk assessments and strategies to eliminate these viruses in xenotransplantation pig stock may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu K. Karuppannan
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghRoslinMidlothianUK
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26
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Vaidya V, Dhere R, Agnihotri S, Muley R, Patil S, Pawar A. Ultraviolet-C irradiation for inactivation of viruses in foetal bovine serum. Vaccine 2018; 36:4215-4221. [PMID: 29891350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and porcine trypsin are one of the essential raw materials used in the manufacturing of cell culture based viral vaccines. Being from animal origin, these raw materials can potentially contaminate the final product by known or unknown adventitious agents. The issue is more serious in case of live attenuated viral vaccines, where there is no inactivation step which can take care of such adventitious agents. It is essential to design production processes which can offer maximum viral clearance potential for animal origin products. Ultraviolet-C irradiation is known to inactivate various adventitious viral agents; however there are limited studies on ultraviolet inactivation of viruses in liquid media. We obtained a recently developed UVivatec ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation based viral clearance system for evaluating its efficacy to inactivate selected model viruses. This system has a unique design with spiral path of liquid allowing maximum exposure to UV-C light of a short wavelength of 254 nm. Five live attenuated vaccine viruses and four other model viruses were spiked in tissue culture media and exposed to UV-C irradiation. The pre and post UV-C irradiation samples were analyzed for virus content to find out the extent of inactivation of various viruses. These experiments showed substantial log reduction for the majority of the viruses with few exceptions based on the characteristics of these viruses. Having known the effect of UV irradiation on protein structure, we also evaluated the post irradiation samples of culture media for growth promoting properties using one of the most fastidious human diploid cells (MRC-5). UV-C exposure did not show any notable impact on the nutritional properties of culture media. The use of an UV-C irradiation based system is considered to be promising approach to mitigate the risk of adventitious agents in cell culture media arising through animal derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vaidya
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India; Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India; Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India.
| | - Rajeev Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
| | - Snehal Agnihotri
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Pune 411018, India
| | | | - Sanjay Patil
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
| | - Amit Pawar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
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27
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Piletz JE, Drivon J, Eisenga J, Buck W, Yen S, McLin M, Meruvia W, Amaral C, Brue K. Human Cells Grown With or Without Substitutes for Fetal Bovine Serum. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179018755140. [PMID: 32634183 PMCID: PMC6172986 DOI: 10.1177/2155179018755140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Safety concerns over cell-derived pharmaceutical products being manufactured in
supplements of fetal bovine serum (FBS) have ignited pleas to replace FBS. Herein, four
newly marketed alternatives to FBS were compared: a xeno-free product called Cell-Ess®, a
human platelet lysate marketed as GroPro®, and two mixtures of adult bovine serum varying
in their proportions of neonatal growth factors, called Liporo® and FetalGro®. An
endothelial cell line (C2BBe1) and a neuronal cell line (SHSY5Y) near confluency in media
with 10% FBS were selectively scraped and taken through a 25-day step-wise algorithm to
replace FBS, and another human endothelial cell line (HRA-19) was studied to replicate
C2BBe1. Cells were stained, counted, and compared for viability, migration, and spheroids.
The C2BBe1 and HRA-19 cell lines failed to proliferate in 10% Cell-Ess® but grew in 10%
GroPro® or 10% FetalGro® reasonably well compared to reference 10% FBS. With SH-SY5Y, only
FetalGro® approached FBS's efficacy. These were all inferior to 11 different branded lots
of FBS (positive controls), but five days into switching just amongst the FBS brands, 4 of
11 supported less proliferation than reference FBS in endothelial HRA-19
(p < 0.004). Moreover, neurospheres were enriched in two branded
lots of FBS and FetalGro® (each p < 0.004), neurospheres being an
unwanted phenotype for any neuronal cell application. Because platelet-derived GroPro®
stood out amongst the non-FBS growth supplements to allow proliferation without inducing
spheroids, it seems the best (mindful that the cells still grew slower in it compared to
FBS). While no perfect replacement was found amongst the alternatives to FBS, the
algorithm for switching should be useful in future testing of new alternatives to FBS as
the need arises to switch from FBS and expand pharmaceutical products with safety for
human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Piletz
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Jennifer Drivon
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - John Eisenga
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Will Buck
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Sabrina Yen
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Megan McLin
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - William Meruvia
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Carolina Amaral
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
| | - Kellie Brue
- Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, MS, USA
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28
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Martins NDS, Rodrigues APDS, da Luz LA, Dos Reis LDL, de Oliveira RM, de Oliveira RA, Abreu-Silva AL, Dos Reis JKP, Melo FA. Feline immudeficiency virus subtypes B and A in cats from São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil. Arch Virol 2017; 163:549-554. [PMID: 29134339 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus that is distributed worldwide, with prevalence rates varying between 2.5% and 44%. FIV causes immunosuppression, with depletion of TCD4+ lymphocytes, with the majority of clinical signs caused by secondary and opportunistic infections. Blood samples were collected from nine domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus) from the city of São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. All samples were positive in a rapid immunochromatographic test (SNAP® Combo FeLV Ag/FIV Antibody Test) and in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six samples clustered within subtype B, one within subtype A, and two did not cluster with any known subtype. Five unique haplotypes (Hap-1, Hap-2, Hap-3, Hap-5 and Hap-6) and a shared haplotype (Hap-4) were found, this last one being the most frequent. This is the first report on the genetic diversity of FIV in the city of São Luís and the first report of subtype A in Brazil. New variations of the virus are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathálya Dos S Martins
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Luciana A da Luz
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Luana da L Dos Reis
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Renata M de Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Rudson A de Oliveira
- Departamento das Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Jenner Karlisson P Dos Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG-30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ferdinan A Melo
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
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29
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Glotova TI, Nikonova AA, Glotov AG. ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS AND PREPARATIONS EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:204-210. [PMID: 36494951 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-5-204-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. It causes various clinical forms of infection leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industry worldwide. Furthermore, the virus is a contaminant of biological preparations (bovine fetal serum, continuous cell cultures, vaccines for human and veterinary medicine, interferons, trypsin, biotechnological preparations, embryos, stem cells, etc.). It is used as a test object when developing methods of decontamination. In some countries, a tool for monitoring the infection caused by the virus is vaccination based on the use of live and inactivated vaccines with varying efficiency. The antiviral compounds are a potential means of control in case of insufficient efficacy of vaccines. Their advantage for BVDV control is the ability to provide immediate protection for animals at risk in the case of an outbreak of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about antiviral compounds against BVDV. It was noted that due to the use of advanced biomedical technologies there is a tendency to search for drugs that might be effective for antiviral therapy of BVDV, as indicated by numerous studies of new compounds and the antiviral efficacy of known drugs used in medical practice. In addition to the well-known antiviral targets for the virus, such as the RdRp, IMPDH, NS3, new targets were discovered, such as protein p7. Its mechanism of action remains to be explored. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for BVDV control through the use of antiviral drugs which has not yet implemented. The biggest obstacle for commercial implementation of identified compounds is the lack of demonstration of their efficacy in vivo. Further studies should be performed to develop a method for administering effective drugs to groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A A Nikonova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
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30
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Xeno-Free Strategies for Safe Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Expansion: Supplements and Coatings. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6597815. [PMID: 29158740 PMCID: PMC5660800 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6597815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) have generated great interest in regenerative medicine mainly due to their multidifferentiation potential and immunomodulatory role. Although hMSC can be obtained from different tissues, the number of available cells is always low for clinical applications, thus requiring in vitro expansion. Most of the current protocols for hMSC expansion make use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a nutrient-rich supplement. However, regulatory guidelines encourage novel xeno-free alternatives to define safer and standardized protocols for hMSC expansion that preserve their intrinsic therapeutic potential. Since hMSCs are adherent cells, the attachment surface and cell-adhesive components also play a crucial role on their successful expansion. This review focuses on the advantages/disadvantages of FBS-free media and surfaces/coatings that avoid the use of animal serum, overcoming ethical issues and improving the expansion of hMSC for clinical applications in a safe and reproducible way.
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31
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Hendijani F. Explant culture: An advantageous method for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human tissues. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12334. [PMID: 28144997 PMCID: PMC6529062 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research progressively moves towards clinical phases. Accordingly, a wide range of different procedures were presented in the literature for MSC isolation from human tissues; however, there is not yet any close focus on the details to offer precise information for best method selection. Choosing a proper isolation method is a critical step in obtaining cells with optimal quality and yield in companion with clinical and economical considerations. In this concern, current review widely discusses advantages of omitting proteolysis step in isolation process and presence of tissue pieces in primary culture of MSCs, including removal of lytic stress on cells, reduction of in vivo to in vitro transition stress for migrated/isolated cells, reduction of price, processing time and labour, removal of viral contamination risk, and addition of supporting functions of extracellular matrix and released growth factors from tissue explant. In next sections, it provides an overall report of technical highlights and molecular events of explant culture method for isolation of MSCs from human tissues including adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, hair follicle, cornea, umbilical cord and placenta. Focusing on informative collection of molecular and methodological data about explant methods can make it easy for researchers to choose an optimal method for their experiments/clinical studies and also stimulate them to investigate and optimize more efficient procedures according to clinical and economical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hendijani
- Faculty of PharmacyHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
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32
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Toohey-Kurth K, Sibley SD, Goldberg TL. Metagenomic assessment of adventitious viruses in commercial bovine sera. Biologicals 2017; 47:64-68. [PMID: 28366627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal serum is an essential supplement for cell culture media. Contamination of animal serum with adventitious viruses has led to major regulatory action and product recalls. We used metagenomic methods to detect and characterize viral contaminants in 26 bovine serum samples from 12 manufacturers. Across samples, we detected sequences with homology to 20 viruses at depths of up to 50,000 viral reads per million. The viruses detected represented nine viral families plus four taxonomically unassigned viruses and had both RNA genomes and DNA genomes. Sequences ranged from 28% to 96% similar at the amino acid level to viruses in the GenBank database. The number of viruses varied from zero to 11 among samples and from one to 11 among suppliers, with only one product from one supplier being entirely "clean." For one common adventitious virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), abundance estimates calculated from metagenomic data (viral reads per million) closely corresponded to Ct values from quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtq-PCR), with metagenomics being approximately as sensitive as rtq-PCR. Metagenomics is useful for detecting taxonomically and genetically diverse adventitious viruses in commercial serum products, and it provides sensitive and quantitative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Toohey-Kurth
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel D Sibley
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Global Health Institute, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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33
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Sadeghi M, Kapusinszky B, Yugo DM, Phan TG, Deng X, Kanevsky I, Opriessnig T, Woolums AR, Hurley DJ, Meng XJ, Delwart E. Virome of US bovine calf serum. Biologicals 2017; 46:64-67. [PMID: 28100412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using viral metagenomics we analyzed four bovine serum pools assembled from 715 calves in the United States. Two parvoviruses, bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) and a previously uncharacterized parvovirus designated as bosavirus (BosaV), were detected in 3 and 4 pools respectively and their complete coding sequences generated. Based on NS1 protein identity, bosavirus qualifies as a member of a new species in the copiparvovirus genus. Also detected were low number of reads matching ungulate tetraparvovirus 2, bovine hepacivirus, and several papillomaviruses. This study further characterizes the diversity of viruses in calf serum with the potential to infect fetuses and through fetal bovine serum contaminate cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beatrix Kapusinszky
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Yugo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isis Kanevsky
- Department of Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - David J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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34
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Abstract
There is no good science in bad models. Cell culture is especially prone to artifacts. A number of novel cell culture technologies have become more broadly available in the 21st century, which allow overcoming limitations of traditional culture and are more physiologically relevant. These include the use of stem-cell derived human cells, cocultures of different cell types, scaffolds and extracellular matrices, perfusion platforms (such as microfluidics), 3D culture, organ-on-chip technologies, tissue architecture, and organ functionality. The physiological relevance of such models is further enhanced by the measurement of biomarkers (e.g., key events of pathways), organ specific functionality, and more comprehensive assessment cell responses by high-content methods. These approaches are still rarely combined to create microphysiological systems. The complexity of the combination of these technologies can generate results closer to the in vivo situation but increases the number of parameters to control, bringing some new challenges. In fact, we do not argue that all cell culture needs to be that sophisticated. The efforts taken are determined by the purpose of our experiments and tests. If only a very specific molecular target to cell response is of interest, a very simple model, which reflects this, might be much more suited to allow standardization and high-throughput. However, the less defined the end point of interest and cellular response are, the better we should approximate organ- or tissue-like culture conditions to make physiological responses more probable. Besides these technologic advances, important progress in the quality assurance and reporting on cell cultures as well as the validation of cellular test systems brings the utility of cell cultures to a new level. The advancement and broader implementation of Good Cell Culture Practice (GCCP) is key here. In toxicology, this is a major prerequisite for meaningful and reliable results, ultimately supporting risk assessment and product development decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz , 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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35
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Johnson SA, Brown MR, Lute SC, Brorson KA. Adapting viral safety assurance strategies to continuous processing of biological products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:21-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Matthew R. Brown
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Scott C. Lute
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Kurt A. Brorson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
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Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:254-258. [PMID: 27363904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, associated with Mycobacterium bovis, was diagnosed post mortem in an adult female capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), kept at the Pampulha Ecological Park, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in a large metropolitan area. On post-mortem examination, there were numerous firm white nodules scattered throughout all lobes of both lungs. Tissue samples were collected for histological and microbiological examination. Microscopically, the pulmonary nodules were multifocal to coalescing granulomas and intralesional acid-fast bacilli were evident in Ziehl-Neelsen-stained sections of the lung and spleen. Colonies with morphological features of Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from lung samples and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genomic DNA from the isolates was positive for M. bovis; sequencing indicated 100% identity with the region of difference 4 (RD4) of M. bovis. In addition, M. bovis DNA was detected in the lung by quantitative PCR. The finding of M. bovis in a capybara indicates a potential public health risk in a zoological collection.
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Silveira JAG, de Oliveira CHS, Silvestre BT, Albernaz TT, Leite RC, Barbosa JD, Oliveira CMC, Ribeiro MFB. Molecular assays reveal the presence of Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. in Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Amazon region of Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:1017-1023. [PMID: 27344507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of buffalo herds in Brazil are located in Pará state in northern Brazil. There are several properties where cattle and buffalo live and graze together, and thus, buffalo pathogens may threaten the health of cattle and vice versa. Therefore, knowledge of infectious agents of buffalo is essential for maintaining healthy livestock. Clinical disease caused by Theileria and Babesia parasites in the Asian water buffalo is not common, although these animals may act as reservoir hosts, and the detection of these hemoparasites in buffaloes is as important as it is in cattle. Studies of the infection of buffaloes by hemoparasites in Brazil are scarce. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Piroplasmida parasites in Asian water buffaloes in the state of Pará in the Amazon region of Brazil using nested PCR assays and phylogenetic analysis. The 18S rRNA gene and ITS complete region were amplified from DNA extracted from blood samples collected from 308 apparently healthy buffaloes bred on six properties in the state of Pará, Brazil. The prevalence of positive buffalo samples was 4.2% (13/308) for Theileria spp., 3.6% (11/308) for Babesia bovis and 1% (3/308) for Babesia bigemina. Animals infected with Theileria were detected in 50% (3/6) of the assessed properties. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Theileria species detected in this study were closely related to Theileria buffeli, Theileria orientalis and Theileria sinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Theileria in Asian water buffaloes in the Americas. The majority of Theileria-positive buffaloes (11/13) belong to a property that has a history of animals presenting lymphoproliferative disease of unknown etiology. Therefore, the present research suggests that this disorder can be associated with Theileria infection in this property. Our results provide new insights on the distribution and biological aspects of hemoparasites transmissible from buffaloes to cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia A G Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cairo H S de Oliveira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna T Silvestre
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Albernaz
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rômulo C Leite
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José D Barbosa
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos M C Oliveira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Múcio F B Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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38
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De Oliveira CHS, Resende CF, Oliveira CMC, Barbosa JD, Fonseca AA, Leite RC, Reis JKP. Absence of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in buffaloes from Amazon and southeast region in Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2016; 129:9-12. [PMID: 27317318 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leucosis is an infectious disease caused by Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and is well described in bovines. The majority of infected animals are asymptomatic, one to five percent develop lymphoma and from 30 to 50% present a persistent lymphocytosis. The virus occurs naturally in cattle and experimentally in buffaloes, capybaras and rabbits. The occurrence of lymphoma in buffaloes has been attributed to BLV infection by some authors in India and Venezuela, but not confirmed by other studies and little information on natural BLV infection in buffaloes is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of BLV in a sub-sample of buffalo from Amazon and southeast regions in Brazil. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples were negative using commercial AGID and ELISA (ELISA-gp51) which detect anti-BLV glycoprotein gp51 antibodies. The same samples were also evaluated for antibodies to whole virus through a commercial ELISA (ELISA-BLV) in which 77 (24.44%) were found seropositive and two (0.63%) inconclusive. On the other hand, all animals were negative by PCR to BLV targeted to the env and tax genes. These results suggest that ELISA-BLV produces false positive results in buffalo serum (p<0.001). In addition, one buffalo lymphoma sample was negative in both PCR assays used in this study. BLV was not detected in buffaloes from the Amazon basin and the southeast region of Brazil. Serological tests, like ELISA-BLV, usually used for cattle may produce false-positive results for BLV in buffaloes and direct detection tests such as PCR should be chosen in these surveys. The occurrence of lymphoma in buffalo was not associated with BLV infection in the one case analyzed in this work and the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairo H S De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia F Resende
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carlos M C Oliveira
- Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - José D Barbosa
- Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Antônio A Fonseca
- Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento-LANAGRO, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo C Leite
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Jenner K P Reis
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Laguardia-Nascimento M, Sales ÉB, Gasparini MR, de Souza NM, da Silva JAG, Souza GG, Carani FR, Dos Santos AF, Rivetti Júnior AV, Camargos MF, Fonseca Júnior AA. Detection of multiple viral infections in cattle and buffalo with suspected vesicular disease in Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:377-81. [PMID: 27154321 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716645836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular diseases are of high importance for livestock, primarily because of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is a high-morbidity disease that generates direct losses caused by low milk production, weight loss, and indirect losses because of the need for sanitary barriers. Other vesicular diseases are also of importance for livestock because of direct impacts or because their clinical signs may be confused with those of FMD. We report herein the detection of multiple infections in cattle with suspected vesicular disease in the Brazilian states of Amazonas (AM), Mato Grosso (MT), and Roraima. Thirty-seven epithelial samples from cattle and 1 sample from a buffalo were sent to the laboratory for testing for FMDV and similar disease agents. All samples from MT were positive for parapoxvirus (Pseudocowpox virus and Bovine papular stomatitis virus). In addition, 3 samples were positive for Bluetongue virus, and 5 samples were positive for Bovine herpesvirus 1 Among these samples, 1 was positive for all of these 3 agents. Only 2 samples from AM were negative for parapoxvirus. The molecular tests conducted in this study detected multiple infections, with a high prevalence of parapoxvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Laguardia-Nascimento
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Érica Bravo Sales
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Marcela Ribeiro Gasparini
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Natália Mendes de Souza
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Josiane Aparecida Gonçalina da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Giovana Gonçalves Souza
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Fernanda Rezek Carani
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Alyane Figueiredo Dos Santos
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Anselmo Vasconcelos Rivetti Júnior
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Laguardia-Nascimento, Sales, Gasparini, de Souza, Rivetti Júnior, Camargos, Fonseca Júnior)Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (da Silva, Souza, Carani)Agência de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Santos)
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40
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Cheng Z, Abudureyimu A, Oguejiofor CF, Ellis R, Barry AT, Chen X, Anstaett OL, Brownlie J, Wathes DC. BVDV alters uterine prostaglandin production during pregnancy recognition in cows. Reproduction 2016; 151:605-14. [PMID: 26952097 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic mortality in cows is at least in part caused by failure of pregnancy recognition (PR). Evidence has shown that bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection can disrupt pregnancy. Prostaglandins (PG) play important roles in many reproductive processes, such as implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BVDV infection on uterine PG production and PR using an in vitro PR model. Bovine uterine endometrial cells isolated from ten BVDV-free cows were cultured and treated with 0 or 100ng/mL interferon-τ (IFNT) in the absence or presence of non-cytopathic BVDV (ncpBVDV). PGF2α and PGE2 concentrations in the spent medium were measured using radioimmunoassays, and in the treated cells expression of the genes associated with PG production and signalling was quantified using qPCR. The results showed that the IFNT challenge significantly stimulated PTGS1 and PTGER3 mRNA expression and PGE2 production; however, these stimulatory effects were neutralised in the presence of ncpBVDV infection. ncpBVDV infection significantly increased PTGS1 and mPGES1 mRNA expression and decreased AKR1B1 expression, leading to increased PGE2 and decreased PGF2α concentrations and an increased PGE2:PGF2α ratio. The other tested genes, including PGR, ESR1, OXTR, PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGFR, were not significantly altered by IFNT, ncpBVDV or their combination. Our study suggests that BVDV infection may impair PR by (1) inhibiting the effect of IFNT on uterine PG production and (2) inducing an endocrine switch of PG production from PGF2α to PGE2 to decrease uterine immunity, thereby predisposing the animals to uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ayimuguli Abudureyimu
- Life Science and Engineering CollegeNorthwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chike F Oguejiofor
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rebekah Ellis
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Amy Teresa Barry
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Olivia L Anstaett
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen BiologyRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Joe Brownlie
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen BiologyRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - D Claire Wathes
- Department of Production and Population HealthRoyal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
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41
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Pinheiro de Oliveira TF, Fonseca Júnior AA, Camargos MF, de Oliveira AM, Lima NF, Freitas ME, de Oliveira Guedes E, de Azevedo IC, Pinto Cottorello AC, Heinemann MB. Porcine parvovirus as a contaminant in cell cultures and laboratory supplies. Biologicals 2016; 44:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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42
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Silveira S, Weber MN, Mósena ACS, da Silva MS, Streck AF, Pescador CA, Flores EF, Weiblen R, Driemeier D, Ridpath JF, Canal CW. Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Bovine Pestiviruses Detected Between 1995 and 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:613-623. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. C. S. Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. F. Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - C. A. Pescador
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT); Cuiabá Brazil
| | - E. F. Flores
- Setor de Virologia; Centro de Ciências Rurais; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - R. Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia; Centro de Ciências Rurais; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - D. Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. F. Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit; National Animal Disease Center; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Ames IA USA
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
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43
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Oguejiofor CF, Cheng Z, Abudureyimu A, Anstaett OL, Brownlie J, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Wathes DC. Global transcriptomic profiling of bovine endometrial immune response in vitro. II. Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on the endometrial response to lipopolysaccharide. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:101. [PMID: 26353892 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) is associated with uterine disease and infertility. This study investigated the influence of ncpBVDV on immune functions of the bovine endometrium by testing the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Primary cultures of mixed epithelial and stromal cells were divided into four treatment groups (control [CONT], BVDV, CONT+LPS, and BVDV+LPS) and infected with ncpBVDV for 4 days followed by treatment with LPS for 6 h. Whole-transcriptomic gene expression was measured followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Differential expression of 184 genes was found between CONT and BVDV treatments, showing interplay between induction and inhibition of responses. Up-regulation of TLR3, complement, and chemotactic and TRIM factors by ncpBVDV all suggested an ongoing immune response to viral infection. Down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, CXCR4, and serine proteinase inhibitors suggested mechanisms by which ncpBVDV may simultaneously counter the host response. Comparison between BVDV+LPS and CONT+LPS treatments showed 218 differentially expressed genes. Canonical pathway analysis identified the key importance of interferon signaling. Top down-regulated genes were RSAD2, ISG15, BST2, MX2, OAS1, USP18, IFIT3, IFI27, SAMD9, IFIT1, and DDX58, whereas TRIM56, C3, and OLFML1 were most up-regulated. Many of these genes are also regulated by IFNT during maternal recognition of pregnancy. Many innate immune genes that typically respond to LPS were inhibited by ncpBVDV, including those involved in pathogen recognition, inflammation, interferon response, chemokines, tissue remodeling, cell migration, and cell death/survival. Infection with ncpBVDV can thus compromise immune function and pregnancy recognition, thereby potentially predisposing infected cows to postpartum bacterial endometritis and reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike F Oguejiofor
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ayimuguli Abudureyimu
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Olivia L Anstaett
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Brownlie
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ali A Fouladi-Nashta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D Claire Wathes
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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44
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Albernaz TT, Leite RC, Reis JKP, de Sousa Rodrigues AP, da Cunha Kassar T, Resende CF, de Oliveira CHS, Silva RDM, Salvarani FM, Barbosa JD. Molecular detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the Amazon region, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1625-8. [PMID: 26174574 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine immunodeficiency is a chronic progressive disease caused by a lentivirus that affects cattle and buffaloes. Although the infection has been described in cattle in some countries, including in Brazil, there are only two reports of infection in buffaloes: one in Pakistan and one in Cambodia. The aim of the present study was to survey the occurrence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in water buffaloes from the Amazon region, Pará state, Brazil. BIV proviral DNA was surveyed in 607 whole blood samples of water buffaloes from 10 farms located in the state of Pará using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR-SN) to amplify the pol region of the viral genome. Of the 607 samples tested, 27 (4.4 %) were positive for BIV proviral DNA. The amplified fragments were confirmed by sequence analysis after cloning and nucleotide sequencing. The sequence obtained had 99 % similarity to the reference strain (R-29). The present study provides important epidemiological data because BIV was detected for the first time in water buffaloes in Brazil. Further, the results suggest the possibility of the virus being a risk factor for herd health because it may be a potential causal agent of chronic disease and, also may be associated to other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Teles Albernaz
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Cerqueira Leite
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jenner Karlison Pimenta Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Sousa Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Telissa da Cunha Kassar
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia Fideles Resende
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cairo Henrique Sousa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela das Mercês Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - José Diomedes Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rodovia BR 316 Km 61, Bairro Saudade, 68740-970, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
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World Health Organization International Standard To Harmonize Assays for Detection of Mycoplasma DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5694-702. [PMID: 26070671 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01150-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT)-based assays (referred to here as NAT assays) are increasingly used as an alternative to culture-based approaches for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures. Assay features, like the limit of detection or quantification, vary widely between different mycoplasma NAT assays. Biological reference materials may be useful for harmonization of mycoplasma NAT assays. An international feasibility study included lyophilized preparations of four distantly related mycoplasma species (Acholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma fermentans, M. orale, M. pneumoniae) at different concentrations which were analyzed by 21 laboratories using 26 NAT assays with a qualitative, semiquantitative, or quantitative design. An M. fermentans preparation was shown to decrease the interassay variation when used as a common reference material. The preparation was remanufactured and characterized in a comparability study, and its potency (in NAT-detectable units) across different NATs was determined. The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) established this preparation to be the "1st World Health Organization international standard for mycoplasma DNA for nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays designed for generic mycoplasma detection" (WHO Tech Rep Ser 987:42, 2014) with a potency of 200,000 IU/ml. This WHO international standard is now available as a reference preparation for characterization of NAT assays, e.g., for determination of analytic sensitivity, for calibration of quantitative assays in a common unitage, and for defining regulatory requirements in the field of mycoplasma testing.
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Flatschart RB, Almeida DO, Heinemann MB, Medeiros MN, Granjeiro JM, Folgueras-Flatschart AV. Absolute quantification of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) RNA by the digital PCR technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/575/1/012038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhai SL, He DS, Qi WB, Chen SN, Deng SF, Hu J, Li XP, Li L, Chen RA, Luo ML, Wei WK. Complete genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three distinct buffalo-origin PCV2 isolates from China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:278-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Furtak VA, Dabrazhynetskaya A, Volokhov DV, Chizhikov V. Use of tangential flow filtration for improving detection of viral adventitious agents in cell substrates. Biologicals 2014; 43:23-30. [PMID: 25432087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the feasibility of tangential flow filtration (TFF) for primary concentration of viral adventitious agents (AAs) from large volumes of cell substrate-derived samples, such as cell-free Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) culture supernatants (500 mL) and CHO cell lysates (50 mL), prior to virus detection in them by nucleic acid-based methods (i.e., qPCR and massively parallel sequencing (MPS). The study was conducted using the samples spiked with four model DNA viruses (bovine herpesvirus type 4, human adenovirus type 5, simian polyomavirus SV-40, and bovine parvovirus). The results showed that the combined TFF/MPS approach enables reliable detection of as low as 1000 genome equivalents (GE) of each of the four viruses spiked into the cell substrate samples. The final achieved sensitivities of 2 GE/mL for cell culture supernatant and 20 GE/mL for cell lysate make this approach more sensitive than virus-specific PCR and qPCR assays. The study results allowed us to propose that TFF might be useful and valuable method for simple and rapid concentration of potential AAs in cell substrate samples prior to AAs detection by conventional in vivo, in vitro, or molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav A Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alena Dabrazhynetskaya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vladimir Chizhikov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Abstract
The first steps in tissue culture are dating back to the beginning of the nineteenth century when biosafety measures did not yet exist. Later on, animal cell culture became essential for scientific research, diagnosis and biotechnological activities. Along with this development, biosafety concerns have emerged pointing to the risks for human health and in a lesser extent for the environment associated to the handling of animal cell cultures. The management of these risks requires a thorough risk assessment of both the cell cultures and the type of manipulation prior the start of any activity. It involves a case-by-case evaluation of both the intrinsic properties of the cell culture genetically modified or not and the probability that it may inadvertently or intentionally become infected with pathogenic micro-organisms. The latter hazard is predominant when adventitious contaminants are pathogenic or have a better capacity to persist in unfavourable conditions. Consequently, most of the containment measures primarily aim at protecting cells from adventitious contamination. Cell cultures known to harbour an infectious etiologic agent should be manipulated in compliance with containment measures recommended for the etiologic agent itself. The manipulation of cell cultures from human or primate origin necessitates the use of a type II biosafety cabinet. The scope of this chapter is to highlight aspects relevant for the risk assessment and to summarize the main biosafety recommendations and the recent technological advances allowing a mitigation of the risk for the handling of animal cell cultures.
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Validation of a real time PCR for classical Swine Fever diagnosis. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:171235. [PMID: 24818039 PMCID: PMC4000670 DOI: 10.1155/2014/171235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral disease classical swine fever (CSF), caused by a Pestivirus, is one of the major causes of economic losses for pig farming. The aim of this work was to validate a RT-qPCR using Taqman for detection of CSF in swine tissues. The parameters for the validation followed the specifications of the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the guide ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005. The analysis of the 5'NTR region of CSF virus was performed in 145 samples from 29 infected pigs and in 240 samples from 80 pigs originated in the Brazilian CSF-free zone. The tissues tested were spleen, kidney, blood, tonsils, and lymph nodes. Sequencing of the positive samples for 5'NTR region was performed to evaluate the specificity of the RT-qPCR. Tests performed for the RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the PCR assay was efficient in detecting RNA from CSF virus in all materials from different tissues of infected animals. Furthermore, RNA from CSF virus was not detected in samples of swine originated from the Brazilian CSF-free zone. Hence, it is concluded that RT-qPCR can be used as a complementary diagnostic for CSF.
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