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Sutter RW, Eisenhawer M, Molodecky NA, Verma H, Okayasu H. Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: Recent Developments and the Tortuous Path to Global Acceptance. Pathogens 2024; 13:224. [PMID: 38535567 PMCID: PMC10974833 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), available since 1955, became the first vaccine to be used to protect against poliomyelitis. While the immunogenicity of IPV to prevent paralytic poliomyelitis continues to be irrefutable, its requirement for strong containment (due to large quantities of live virus used in the manufacturing process), perceived lack of ability to induce intestinal mucosal immunity, high cost and increased complexity to administer compared to oral polio vaccine (OPV), have limited its use in the global efforts to eradicate poliomyelitis. In order to harvest the full potential of IPV, a program of work has been carried out by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) over the past two decades that has focused on: (1) increasing the scientific knowledge base of IPV; (2) translating new insights and evidence into programmatic action; (3) expanding the IPV manufacturing infrastructure for global demand; and (4) continuing to pursue an ambitious research program to develop more immunogenic and safer-to-produce vaccines. While the knowledge base of IPV continues to expand, further research and product development are necessary to ensure that the program priorities are met (e.g., non-infectious production through virus-like particles, non-transmissible vaccine inducing humoral and intestinal mucosal immunity and new methods for house-to-house administration through micro-needle patches and jet injectors), the discussions have largely moved from whether to how to use this vaccine most effectively. In this review, we summarize recent developments on expanding the science base of IPV and provide insight into policy development and the expansion of IPV manufacturing and production, and finally we provide an update on the current priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Eisenhawer
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Natalia A. Molodecky
- Polio Surge Capacity Support Program, The Task Force for Global Health, Inc., Decatur, GE 30030, USA;
| | - Harish Verma
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.E.); (H.V.)
| | - Hiromasa Okayasu
- Division of Healthy Environments and Population, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila 1000, Philippines
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2
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Zhao T, Li J, Huang T, Ying ZF, Che YC, Zhao ZM, Fu YT, Tao JH, Yang QH, Wei DK, Li GL, Yi L, Zhao YP, Chen HB, Wang JF, Jiang RJ, Yu L, Cai W, Yang W, Xie MX, Yin QZ, Pu J, Shi L, Hong C, Deng Y, Cai LK, Zhou J, Wen Y, Li HS, Huang W, Mo ZJ, Li CG, Li QH, Yang JS. Immune persistence after different polio sequential immunization schedules in Chinese infants. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424078 PMCID: PMC10904800 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) has been withdrawn and instead an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and bivalent type 1 and type 3 OPV (bOPV) sequential immunization schedule has been implemented since 2016, but no immune persistence data are available for this polio vaccination strategy. This study aimed to assess immune persistence following different polio sequential immunization schedules. Venous blood was collected at 24, 36, and 48 months of age from participants who had completed sequential schedules of combined IPV and OPV in phase III clinical trials. The serum neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus were determined, and the poliovirus-specific antibody-positive rates were evaluated. A total of 1104 participants were enrolled in this study. The positive rates of poliovirus type 1- and type 3-specific antibodies among the sequential immunization groups showed no significant difference at 24, 36, or 48 months of age. The positive rates of poliovirus type 2-specific antibody in the IPV-IPV-tOPV group at all time points were nearly 100%, which was significantly higher than the corresponding rates in other immunization groups (IPV-bOPV-bOPV and IPV-IPV-bOPV). Immunization schedules involving one or two doses of IPV followed by bOPV failed to maintain a high positive rate for poliovirus type 2-specific antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Guangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Ying
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Chun Che
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ting Fu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Hui Tao
- Liujiang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hai Yang
- Liucheng County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ding-Kai Wei
- Rongan County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Liang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Bo Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ju Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Xue Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong-Zhou Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Pu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lu-Kui Cai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Sen Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Mo
- Guangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi-Han Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Jing-Si Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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3
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Ma L, Ying Z, Cai W, Wang J, Zhou J, Yang H, Gao J, Zhao Z, Liu J, Ouyang S, Song S, Shen F, Zhao R, Xu L, Dai X, Wu Y, Li W, Li C, Liao G. Immune persistence of an inactivated poliovirus vaccine derived from the Sabin strain: a 10-year follow-up of a phase 3 study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102151. [PMID: 37745024 PMCID: PMC10514427 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous phase 3 clinical trial, we showed that an inactivated poliovirus vaccine derived from the Sabin strain (sIPV) can induce neutralising antibodies against currently circulating and reference wild poliovirus strains. However, the immune persistence of sIPV remains to be evaluated. Methods In this study, 400 participants who were eligible for an early phase 3 clinical trial (Jan 1, 2012-Aug 31, 2014) in Pingle County, GuanXi Province, China, were initially involved in one site. Of the participants in the previous phase 3 clinical trial, sera of 287, 262, 237, and 207 participants were sampled at the ages of 4, 6, 8, and 10 years, respectively, after the prime-boost regimen. Neutralising antibodies against attenuated Sabin strains were detected using these serum samples to determine immune persistence. The serum neutralising antibodies titre of 1:8 against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 is considered to be a seroprotection level for polio. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01510366. Findings The protective rates against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in the sIPV group were all 100% at 10 years after the booster immunisation, compared with 98.1%, 100%, and 97.1%, respectively, in the wIPV control group after 10 years. After the booster at 18 months, the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralising antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in the sIPV group were 13,265.6, 7856.7, and 6432.2, respectively, and the GMTs in the control group (inoculated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine derived from wild strain (wIPV)) were 3915.6, 2842.6, and 4982.7, respectively. With increasing time after booster immunisation, the GMTs of neutralising antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 gradually decreased in both the sIPV and wIPV groups. At the age of ten years, the GMTs of neutralising antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in the sIPV group were 452.3, 392.8, and 347.5, respectively, and the GMTs in the wIPV group 108.5, 154.8, and 229.3, respectively, which were still at a higher-than-protective level (1:8). Interpretation Both sIPV and wIPV maintained sufficiently high immune persistence against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 for at least 10 years after booster immunisation. Funding Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the National High-tech Research and Development Program, the National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project, the Yunnan Application Basic Research Project, the Innovation Team Project of Xie He, the Yunnan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project, and the Medical and Technology Innovation Project of Xie He.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jingxia Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shengjie Ouyang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohui Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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Itoh E, Shimizu S, Ami Y, Iwase Y, Someya Y. Dose-sparing effect of Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine produced in Japan by intradermal injection device for rats. Biologicals 2023; 82:101677. [PMID: 37031619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The live-attenuated oral polio vaccine has long been used as the standard for polio prevention, but in order to minimize the emergence of pathogenic revertants, the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, is being increasingly demanded worldwide. However, there is a global shortage of IPV, and its cost is an obstacle in developing countries. Therefore, dose-sparing with intradermal administration of IPV has been investigated. In this study, rats were immunized by intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) administration of Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) produced in Japan, and the immune responses were evaluated. The results showed that one-fifth (1/5)-dose of ID administration yielded neutralizing antibody titers comparable to the full-dose IM administration, whereas 1/5-dose of IM administration was less effective than the full dose. Furthermore, a vertical puncture-type ID injection device (Immucise) that was originally developed for humans was modified for rats, resulting in successful and stable ID administration into the thin skin of rats. Based on these results, the ID administration of sIPV using Immucise in clinical use is expected to offer benefits such as reduced amounts of vaccine per dose, cost-effectiveness, and thereby the feasibility of vaccination for more people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Itoh
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shimizu
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwase
- R&D, Pharmaceutical Solutions Division, Medical Care Solutions Company, TERUMO CORPORATION, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Someya
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
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5
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Yu-Ping Z, Jing L, Teng H, Zhi-Fang Y, Ting Z, Yan-Chun C, Zhi-Mei Z, Yu-Ting F, Jun-Hui T, Qing-Hai Y, Ding-Kai W, Guo-Liang L, Xiao-Lei Y, Li Y, Hong-Bo C, Jian-Feng W, Rui-Ju J, Lei Y, Wei C, Wei Y, Ming-Xue X, Qiong-Zhou Y, Jing P, Li S, Chao H, Yan D, Lu-Kui C, Jian Z, Yu W, Hong-Sen L, Wei H, Zhao-Jun M, Chang-Gui L, Qi-Han L, Jing-Si Y. Evaluation of the immunization effectiveness of bOPV booster immunization and IPV revaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:44. [PMID: 36934085 PMCID: PMC10024706 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule, this study evaluated the effectiveness of booster immunization with one dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at 48 months of age after different primary polio immunization schedules. At 48 months of age, one dose of bOPV was administered, and their poliovirus types 1-3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3, respectively)-specific neutralizing antibody levels were determined. Participants found to be negative for any type of PV-specific neutralizing antibody at 24, 36, or 48 months of age were re-vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The 439 subjects who received a bOPV booster immunization at the age of 48 months had lower PV2-specific antibody levels compared with those who received IPV. One dose of IPV during basic polio immunization induced the lowest PV2-specific antibody levels. On the basis of our findings, to ensure that no less than 70% of the vaccinated have protection efficiency, we recommend the following: if basic immunization was conducted with 1IPV + 2bOPV (especially Sabin strain-based IPV), a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 36 months of age, whereas if basic immunization was conducted with 2IPV + 1bOPV, a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 48 months of age. A sequential immunization schedule of 2IPV + 1bOPV + 1IPV can not only maintain high levels of antibody against PV1 and PV3 but also increases immunity to PV2 and induces early intestinal mucosal immunity, with relatively good safety. Thus, this may be the best sequential immunization schedule for polio in countries or regions at high risk for polio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yu-Ping
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Li Jing
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Huang Teng
- GuangXi Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhi-Fang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ting
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Che Yan-Chun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Zhi-Mei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Fu Yu-Ting
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Jun-Hui
- Liujiang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yang Qing-Hai
- Liucheng County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Wei Ding-Kai
- Rong'an County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Liuzhou, China
| | - Li Guo-Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Xiao-Lei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Hong-Bo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Wang Jian-Feng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Rui-Ju
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Cai Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xie Ming-Xue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Qiong-Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Pu Jing
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Chao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Deng Yan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Cai Lu-Kui
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Zhou Jian
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Li Hong-Sen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Huang Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China
| | - Mo Zhao-Jun
- GuangXi Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China.
| | - Li Chang-Gui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Qi-Han
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
| | - Yang Jing-Si
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products of Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
- Kunming Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Research, Development and Industrialization of New Outbreaks and Emerging Highly Pathogenic Pathogens Vaccines, Kunming, China.
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6
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Tang X, Xiao Y, Deng X, Zhou Y, Chen H, Yan R, Zhu Y, Wang S, Wang H, Zhu X, Luo L, Liu Y, Yin Z, Zhang G, Chen Z, Jiang J, Yang X, He H. Immuno-persistence of the different primary polio vaccine schedules and immunogenicity of the booster dose by sabin inactivated or bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in children aged 4 years: an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 4 trial in China. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - WESTERN PACIFIC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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7
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Safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of a multidose Sabin strain-based inactivated polio vaccine: a phase III, randomized, blinded, positive-control clinical trial in infants aged 2 months. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 130:20-27. [PMID: 36682682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency of Sabin strain-based inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) in a five-dose vial presentation. METHODS Stage I was an open-label safety observation, in which 72 healthy subjects (including 24 adults, children, and infants each) were given one or three doses of the five-dose vial sIPV; stage II was a randomized, blinded, and positive-control study, in which 1500 infants were randomized at the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 into five groups to receive either three doses of the five-dose sIPV three lots, a conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine, or a single-dose sIPV as controls, for primary immunization. Safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency were assessed. RESULTS Among 1456 subjects who completed the primary immunization, the geometric mean titer ratios of types 1, 2, and 3 of each pair of lots were all within the equivalence criteria margin (0.67-1.50). The seroconversion rates of types 1, 2, and 3 in the combined test group were 98.02%, 94.07%, and 98.77%, respectively, which were noninferior to both control groups. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 29.68% and erythema was the most common adverse reaction with incidences of 10.47%,9.33%, and 9.73% in the combined test group and control groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSION The five-dose sIPV demonstrated good safety, immunogenicity, and lot-to-lot consistency.
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8
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Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA, Badizadegan K. Oral polio vaccine stockpile modeling: insights from recent experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:813-825. [PMID: 37747090 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2263096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving polio eradication requires ensuring the delivery of sufficient supplies of the right vaccines to the right places at the right times. Despite large global markets, decades of use, and large quantity purchases of polio vaccines by national immunization programs and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), forecasting demand for the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) stockpile remains challenging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We review OPV stockpile experience compared to pre-2016 expectations, actual demand, and changes in GPEI policies related to the procurement and use of type 2 OPV vaccines. We use available population and immunization schedule data to explore polio vaccine market segmentation, and its role in polio vaccine demand forecasting. RESULTS We find that substantial challenges remain in forecasting polio vaccine needs, mainly due to (1) deviations in implementation of plans that formed the basis for earlier forecasts, (2) lack of alignment of tactics/objectives among GPEI partners and other key stakeholders, (3) financing, and (4) uncertainty about development and licensure timelines for new polio vaccines and their field performance characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Mismatches between supply and demand over time have led to negative consequences associated with both oversupply and undersupply, as well as excess costs and potentially preventable cases.
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Polio and Its Epidemiology. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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10
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Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
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Nekoua MP, Mercier A, Alhazmi A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Fighting Enteroviral Infections to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040768. [PMID: 35456818 PMCID: PMC9031364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs), especially coxsackieviruses B (CVB), are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals that results in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, strategies are needed to fight against EV infections. There are no approved antiviral drugs currently available, but various antiviral drugs targeting viral or host cell proteins and vaccines have recently shown potential to combat CVB infections and may be used as new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of T1D and/or preserve β-cell function among patients with islet autoantibodies or T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ambroise Mercier
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-3-2044-6688
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Dawson ED, Taylor AW, Johnson JE, Hu T, McCormick C, Thomas KN, Gao RY, Wahid R, Mahmood K, Rowlen KL. VaxArray immunoassay for the multiplexed quantification of poliovirus D-antigen. J Immunol Methods 2022; 504:113259. [PMID: 35314144 PMCID: PMC9072286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Next generation poliovirus vaccines are critical to reaching global poliovirus eradication goals. Recent efforts have focused on creating inactivated vaccines using attenuated Sabin strains that maintain patient safety benefits and immunogenicity of conventional inactivated vaccines while increasing manufacturing safety and lowering production costs, and on developing novel oral vaccines using modified Sabin strains that provide critical mucosal immunity but are further attenuated to minimize risk of reversion to neurovirulence. In addition, there is a push to improve the analytical tools for poliovirus vaccine characterization. Conventional and Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccines typically rely on standard plate-based ELISA as in vitro D-antigen potency assays in combination with WHO international standards as calibrants. While widely utilized, the current D-antigen ELISA assays have a long time to result (up to 72 h), can suffer from lab-to-lab inconsistency due to non-standardized protocols and reagents, and are inherently singleplex. For D-antigen quantitation, we have developed the VaxArray Polio Assay Kit, a multiplexed, microarray-based immunoassay that uses poliovirus-specific human monoclonal antibodies currently under consideration as standardized reagents for characterizing inactivated Sabin and Salk vaccines. The VaxArray assay can simultaneously quantify all 3 poliovirus serotypes with a time to result of less than 3 h. Here we demonstrate that the assay has limits of quantification suitable for both bioprocess samples and final vaccines, excellent reproducibility and precision, and improved accuracy over an analogous plate-based ELISA. The assay is suitable for adjuvanted combination vaccines, as common vaccine additives and crude matrices do not interfere with quantification, and is intended as a high throughput, standardized quantitation tool to aid inactivated poliovirus vaccine manufacturers in streamlining vaccine development and manufacturing, aiding the global polio eradication effort. Multiplexed D-antigen immunoassay for all 3 poliovirus serotypes Has <3 h time to result and compares well to 3-day plate-based ELISA Assay shows high specificity and is reactive to sIPV, cIPV, and OPV Applicable to in-process samples, final IPV and combination vaccine formulations High accuracy and precision for both sIPV and cIPV over multiple users and days
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Dawson
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | - Amber W Taylor
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - James E Johnson
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Tianjing Hu
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | | | - Keely N Thomas
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Rachel Y Gao
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | | | | | - Kathy L Rowlen
- InDevR, Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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14
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Safety, Immunogenicity and Lot-to-Lot Consistency of Sabin-Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in 2-Month-Old Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized Phase III Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020254. [PMID: 35214712 PMCID: PMC8879689 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Sabin-strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) plays an important role in poliomyelitis eradication in developing countries. As part of the phase III clinical development program, this study aimed to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency of the sIPV in 2-month-old infants. Method: We conducted a phase III, randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled trial in which 1300 healthy infants were randomly assigned to four groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive one of the three lots of the sIPV or the control IPV at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. Serum samples were collected before the first dose and 30 days after the third dose of vaccination to assess the immunogenicity. Solicited local and systemic reactions were recorded within 7 days and unsolicited adverse events within 30 days after each vaccination. Results: Of the 1300 randomized infants, 1190 infants completed the study and were included in the per-protocol population. The seroconversion rates in the three lots of the sIPV were 95.67%, 97.03% and 95.59%, respectively, for type 1; 94.33%, 93.73% and 92.88%, respectively, for type 2; and 98.67%, 99.67% and 99.32%, respectively, for type 3. The ratios of GMTs for poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 of each pair of lots were all between 0.67 and 1.50, therefore meeting the predefined immunological equivalence criteria. For the seroconversion rate of poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, the pooled sIPV group was non-inferior to the IPV group. The incidence of solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions (ARs) was similar in the pooled sIPV lots and the IPV group, and most of them were mild to moderate in severity. Non-vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Conclusions: Three consecutive lots of sIPV demonstrated robust and consistent immunogenicity. The safety and tolerability of the sIPV was acceptable and similar to that of the IPV.
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15
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Westdijk J, Kogelman A, van der Put R, Eksteen Z, Suarez D, Kersten GFA, Metz B, Danial M. Immunochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Inactivated Sabin Poliovirus Products: Insights into Rapid Quality Assessment Tools. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1058-1069. [PMID: 35114211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the strength of combining immunochemical and biophysical analysis tools for assessing the quality of Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Sabin-IPV) bulk products. We assessed Sabin-IPV serotypes 1, 2 and 3 from six different manufacturers and evaluated their comparability through biosensor analysis and biophysical characterization methods, including tryptophan fluorescence and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation - multi-angle light scattering analysis. These methods enabled us to assess antigenic as well as conformational and structural integrity profiles, respectively. Based on Sabin-IPV samples that were subjected to accelerated storage conditions, we revealed that existing immunochemical methods exhibit remarkably similar trends to the results obtained by the biophysical characterization methods. While the results underpin that the comparability of Sabin-IPV bulk products of different manufacturers is poor, information about their quality can rapidly be obtained by using both immunochemical and biophysical methods. Furthermore, the study highlights that quality assessment of Sabin-IPV can be obtained through biophysical techniques can complement the assessments performed with monoclonal antibodies and suggests that similar techniques could be employed to characterize other enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janny Westdijk
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Amy Kogelman
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Put
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zaskia Eksteen
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Suarez
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Danial
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Xu J, Wang Q, Kuang S, Rong R, Zhang Y, Fu X, Tang W. Immunogenicity of sequential poliovirus vaccination schedules with different strains of poliomyelitis vaccines in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2125-2131. [PMID: 33759702 PMCID: PMC8189127 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1868269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new vaccination schedule with one dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) followed by three doses of bivalent oral attenuated live polio vaccine (bOPV) was introduced in China in 2016. Both Sabin IPV (sIPV) and Salk IPV (wIPV) sequentially with bOPV were accepted in the Chinese routine vaccination schedule. We intended to assess the immunogenicity of the current primary schedule (s/wIPV-bOPV-bOPV) and the schedule in the early stage of the switch (tOPV-bOPV-bOPV), and compare immunogenicity between the groups with different polio virus strains. Healthy infants aged 60–89 days were recruited in hospitals in Chongqing. Infants were assigned to one of three treatments (tOPV-bOPV-bOPV, sIPV-bOPV-bOPV or wIPV-bOPV-bOPV) by enrollment time. Polio neutralizing antibody (NA) assays were conducted to assess immunity. 1027 eligible infants were enrolled. Over 95% seroprotection rates against type I poliovirus (PV1) and type III poliovirus (PV3) were observed in all groups. Infants who received tOPV-bOPV-bOPV had higher antibody titers against type II poliovirus (PV2) than did the IPV-bOPV-bOPV. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of PV2 were only ~20 in the IPV-bOPV-bOPV. GMTs of PV1 were higher than PV3 in s/wIPV-bOPV-bOPV. The primary schedule of s/wIPV-bOPV-bOPV is insufficient to protect children against PV2, and the NA titer to PV3 is lower. Higher antibody responses were induced in sIPV-bOPV-bOPV than that in wIPV-bOPV-bOPV. Supplementary vaccination with one dose of IPV is necessary for children who had no tOPV immune history or had only one IPV to induce higher levels of immunity against PV2 and PV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Trade and Management, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenge Tang
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
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Shi L, Sun M. The progress of postapproval clinical studies on Sabin IPV. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1-4. [PMID: 34213408 PMCID: PMC8920192 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1940653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the powerful vaccines for completely eradicating all types of poliovirus in the polio endgame period, the novel IPV, which is prepared from attenuated polio Sabin strains (sIPV) and is expected to reduce the overall biosafety risk, was licensed in Japan (sIPV-containing diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combination vaccines, DTP-sIPV) and China (sIPV) in November 2012 and January 2015, respectively. Limited by the development progress and the manufactured sIPV ability, it has to date only been used in Chinese Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) by sequential scheduling with bOPV and in Japan with DTP-sIPV vaccination. We herein summarize postapproval clinical studies of sIPV in both full-dose schedules and sequential schedules, focusing on China, to evaluate sIPV safety and immunogenicity in large populations to provide important data for its broad application in developing countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Sabin-Strain Polio Vaccine "PoliovacSin": Clinical Trials Phase I and II. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060565. [PMID: 34072466 PMCID: PMC8229617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global polio eradication requires both safe and effective vaccines, and safe production processes. Sabin oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) strains can evolve to virulent viruses and result in poliomyelitis outbreaks, and conventional inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk-IPV) production includes accumulation of large stocks of neurovirulent wild polioviruses. Therefore, IPV based on attenuated OPV strains seems a viable option. To increase the global supply of affordable inactivated vaccine in the still not-polio free world we developed an IPV made from the Sabin strains–PoliovacSin. Clinical trials included participants 18–60 years of age. A phase I single-center, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included 60 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Placebo. A phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical trial included 200 participants, who received one dose of PoliovacSin or Imovax Polio. All vaccinations were well tolerated, and PoliovacSin had a comparable safety profile to the Placebo or the reference Imovax Polio preparations. A significant increase in neutralizing antibody levels to polioviruses types 1–3 (Sabin and wild) was observed in PoliovacSin and Imovax Polio vaccinated groups. Therefore, clinical trials confirmed good tolerability, low reactogenicity, and high safety profile of the PoliovacSin and its pronounced immunogenic properties. The preparation was approved for clinical trials involving infants.
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Chu K, Han W, Jiang D, Jiang Z, Zhu T, Xu W, Hu Y, Zeng G. Cross-neutralization Capacity of Immune Serum from Different Dosage of Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Immunization against Multiple Individual Polioviruses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:761-767. [PMID: 33861679 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1919091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) developed by Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., has shown good safety and immunogenicity against parental strains among infants in several finished pre-licensure clinical trials.Areas covered: To further study the neutralizing capacity of investigational sIPV immune serum against Sabin, Salk and recently circulating poliovirus strains, neutralization assay against ten individual strains was performed on backup serum collected from 250 infant participants of the finished phase II clinical trial.Expert commentary:: The sIPV can generate good immunogenicity against Sabin, Salk and recently circulating poliovirus strains. Taking into account its lower containment requirements and financial costs compared with the conventional Salk strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine, sIPV is an affordable and practical option for polio eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chu
- Department of Vaccine Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixiao Han
- Clinical Research Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Deyu Jiang
- Center for Research & Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd.,Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Statistics department, Beijing Key Tech Statistic Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing
| | - Taotao Zhu
- Clinical Research Department,Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Hu
- Department of Vaccine Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Clinical Research Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Shukarev G, Schuitemaker H, Cahill C, de Rooij R, Struijs M, van Zeeburg H, Jacquet JM. Safety and immunogenicity of a new Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate produced on the PER.C6® cell-line: a phase 1 randomized controlled trial in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1366-1373. [PMID: 33175637 PMCID: PMC8078678 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This first-in-human study (NCT03032588), conducted in Belgium, evaluated a new inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV) candidate based on Sabin poliovirus strains grown on the high-yield PER.C6® cell line. Healthy adults (N = 32) were randomized (1:1) to receive a single dose of PER.C6-based Sabin-IPV (sIPV, 15:35:112.5 DU/dose) or conventional Salk-IPV (cIPV, 40:8:32 DU/dose). Reactogenicity was assessed up to 7 days after vaccination, immunogenicity 28 days after vaccination, and safety up to 6 months after vaccination.Solicited adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate, no changes of concern in vital signs or safety laboratory values were observed, and no severe AEs (SAEs) or vaccine-related unsolicited AEs were reported after vaccination. A trend to more frequent solicited AEs after sIPV than after cIPV administration was observed. Most participants had preexisting neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types (titer ≥8), which were strongly boosted by sIPV. Post-vaccination geometric mean titers were high (≥12,000) and similar across the two vaccination groups. Only participants with very high preexisting antibody levels did not show a vaccine-induced response, defined in seropositive participants as a 4-fold titer increase. The 10 initially seronegative (titer <8) participants (n = 5 in each study group) seroconverted and all participants had seroprotective antibody levels post-vaccination. The antibodies elicited by sIPV neutralized both Sabin and Salk poliovirus strains.In conclusion, the PER.C6®-based sIPV was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults with preexisting antibodies to poliovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Struijs
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
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Capeding MR, Gomez-Go GD, Oberdorfer P, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Carlos J, Tangsathapornpong A, Uppala R, Laoprasopwattana K, Yang Y, Han S, Wittawatmongkol O. Safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated polio vaccine made from Sabin strains: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2/3 seamless study. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:308-318. [PMID: 33351072 PMCID: PMC9400411 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new inactivated polio vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV) was developed as part of the global polio eradication initiative. Methods This randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2/3 seamless study was conducted in 2 stages. Healthy infants aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned to receive 3 doses of 1 of 4 study vaccines at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age (336 received low-, middle-, or high-dose sIPV, or conventional IPV [cIPV] in stage I, and 1086 received lot A, B, or C of the selected sIPV dose, or cIPV in stage II). The primary outcome was the seroconversion rate 4 weeks after the third vaccination. Results In stage I, low-dose sIPV was selected as the optimal dose. In stage II, consistency among the 3 manufacturing lots of sIPV was demonstrated. The seroconversion rates for Sabin and wild strains of the 3 serotypes after the 3-dose primary series were 95.8% to 99.2% in the lot-combined sIPV group and 94.8% to 100% in the cIPV group, proving the noninferiority of sIPV compared to cIPV. No notable safety risks associated with sIPV were observed. Conclusions Low-dose sIPV administered as a 3-dose vaccination was safe and immunogenic compared to cIPV. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03169725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario Capeding
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Peninnah Oberdorfer
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Clinical Research Division, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Lulu Bravo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Josefina Carlos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the East-Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Rattapon Uppala
- Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Yunjeong Yang
- Life Sciences, LG Chem, Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Han
- Life Sciences, LG Chem, Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Orasri Wittawatmongkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Tang R, Li G, Zhang C, Zhi H, Zhu J, Wang J, Liang Q, Hu Y, Li C. A phase Ⅱ, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a Sabin strain-based inactivated polio vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2641-2648. [PMID: 32347778 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1745593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase Ⅱ, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a various Sabin IPV preparations. Six hundred infants aged 60 ~ 90 days received one of five different vaccines: low- (group A), medium- (group B) or high-D antigen content (group C) of an experimental Sabin IPV, control Sabin IPV (group D) or control Salk IPV (group E), on a 0-1-2 month schedule. Participants were observed and followed up within 30 days of each dose to assess safety. Serum samples were collected before the first dose and 30 days after the third dose to assess immunogenicity. After three doses, type-1 seroconversion rates of groups A-E were 99.1%, 100.0%, 99.1%, 99.0%, and 93.4%, respectively; type-2 seroconversion rates were 93.5%, 97.1%, 98.1%, 95.1%, and 91.5%, respectively; and type-3 seroconversion rates were 95.4%, 98.1%, 98.1%, 95.1%, and 100.0%, respectively. Only type-1 seroconversion rates differed significantly for group E. The incidences of injection-site redness (A: 21.9%, B: 23.7%, C: 29.4%, D: 16.2%, E: 12.7%), swelling (A: 6.7%, B: 6.8%, C: 5.0%, D: 0.0%, E: 1.7%) and pain (A: 5.0%, B: 6.8%, C: 7.6%, D: 0.0%, E: 0.9%) all were significantly higher for experimental vaccines relative to control groups. No SAEs were detected related to vaccination, and most adverse reactions were mild or moderate in severity. In conclusion, the experimental Sabin IPVs with low-, medium-, and high-D antigen content all revealed good safety and immunogenicity profiles although being more reactogenic than the control vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Guifan Li
- Department of Registration, Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Chengfu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengkui Zhi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Dafeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Dafeng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Dafeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Dafeng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuemei Hu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Public Health Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) , Jiangsu, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
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23
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In-Vitro Inactivation of Sabin-Polioviruses for Development of Safe and Effective Polio Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040601. [PMID: 33066050 PMCID: PMC7712366 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After years of global collaboration; we are steps away from a polio-free world. However, the currently conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV) is suboptimal for the post eradication era. cIPV production cost and biosafety hazards hinder its availability and coverage of the global demands. Production of IPV from the attenuated Sabin strains (sIPV) was an ideal solution and scientists work extensively to perfect a safe, effective and affordable sIPV. This study investigated the ability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as alternatives for Formaldehyde (HCHO) to inactivate Sabin-polioviruses strains for sIPV production. Sabin-polioviruses vaccine strains were individually treated with AA, EGCG or H2O2 and were compared to HCHO. This was investigated by determination of the inactivation kinetics on HEP2C cells, testing of D-antigen preservation by ELISA and the immune response in Wistar rats of the four vaccine preparations. H2O2, AA and EGCG were able to inactivate polioviruses within 24 h while HCHO required 96 h. Significant high D-antigen levels were observed using AA, EGCG and H2O2 compared to HCHO. Rat sera tested for neutralizing antibodies showed comparable results. These findings support the idea of using these inactivating agents as safe and time- saving alternatives for HCHO to produce sIPV.
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24
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Modlin JF, Chumakov K. Sabin Strain Inactivated Polio Vaccine for the Polio Endgame. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:504-505. [PMID: 30788498 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John F Modlin
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Zaman K, Anand A. Sequential inactivated and oral poliovirus vaccine schedules: a balancing act. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:999-1000. [PMID: 32442524 PMCID: PMC10424811 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalequ Zaman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abhijeet Anand
- Polio Eradication Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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26
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Hayman B, Pagliusi S. Emerging vaccine manufacturers are innovating for the next decade. Vaccine X 2020; 5:100066. [PMID: 32462140 PMCID: PMC7242873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) is a public health-driven alliance consisting of 43 vaccine manufacturers from 14 countries and territories, operating under the mandate to protect all people against known and emerging infectious diseases, by improving the availability of high-quality vaccines globally. The Network provides a platform for organizations to come together regularly to share technical information, best practices and future prospects. DCVMN members are playing an increasingly important role in public health supplying over 50% of the doses of vaccines procured by UNICEF globally. To evaluate the progress made by Network's members, a survey consisting of 9 questions covering three important components of the manufacturers in the network was created, focusing on company dedicated human resources, vaccine production, and research and development efforts. Results show that more vaccines from more manufacturers are achieving WHO Pre-qualification, with areas of focus including the contributions to a Polio-free world, ending cholera, and tackling re-emerging diseases, such as measles. An increase by 50% of number of manufacturing companies holding WHO prequalified vaccines was observed from 2013 to 2019, strengthening open competitiveness for global vaccines supply. Notably, Network members have 181 vaccine projects in the research and development pipeline, highlighting novel vaccines against mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika, novel human papillomavirus and pneumococcal conjugated vaccines. This report summarizes the progressive efforts of DCVMN members to contribute to reducing the burden of infectious diseases globally and details their commitment to vaccine innovation, particularly in the past five years, in the context of how vaccine innovations of today will shape the fight against infectious diseases tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Hayman
- DCVMN International, Route de Crassier 7, 1262 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Pagliusi
- DCVMN International, Route de Crassier 7, 1262 Nyon, Switzerland
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27
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Cramer JP, Jimeno J, Han HH, Lin S, Hartmann K, Borkowski A, Sáez-Llorens X. Safety and immunogenicity of experimental stand-alone trivalent, inactivated Sabin-strain polio vaccine formulations in healthy infants: A randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase 1/2 trial. Vaccine 2020; 38:5313-5323. [PMID: 32563609 PMCID: PMC7347011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the global supply of affordable IPV vaccine, preferably using Sabin viruses to comply with GAPIII requirements, Takeda has assessed three dosages of a stand-alone sIPV. METHODS In this phase I/II study two cohorts of 40 adults and 60 toddlers, respectively, were initially assessed for safety after receiving high-dosage sIPV compared with placebo (adults) or Salk IPV (toddlers). A cohort of 240 infants was then enrolled and randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive low-, medium- or high-dosage sIPV, or a reference Salk IPV in a three-dose primary schedule at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Parents completed safety diaries for 4 weeks after each dose, and immunogenicity was measured as neutralization antibody titers at baseline and four weeks after vaccination. RESULTS All vaccinations were generally well-tolerated and sIPV had a comparable safety profile to the control arm in adults or the reference Salk IPV vaccine in toddlers and infants. Infants displayed dosage-dependent immune responses to sIPV when assayed using Sabin strains, which were equivalent to the reference IPV in the high-dosage sIPV group for serotypes 1 and 2, but not for Sabin and Salk serotype 3. Seroconversion rates (SCR) of the low- and medium-dosage groups were significantly lower than the Salk IPV group for both Sabin and Salk serotypes 1 and type 2 (p < 0.05), with no significant differences for Salk or Sabin serotypes 3. Responses to sIPV, particularly to Sabin types 1 and 2, were higher in initially seronegative infants, indicating possible interference by maternally-derived antibodies. CONCLUSIONS A novel stand-alone Sabin-based IPV vaccine was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile, but less immunogenic than reference Salk IPV at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age for Salk serotypes 1 and 2, with apparent interference by maternal antibodies. Additional preclinical assessments will be made before any further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob P. Cramer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Jimeno
- Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Sáez-Llorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama, USA
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28
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Hu Y, Wang J, Zeng G, Chu K, Jiang D, Zhu F, Ying Z, Chen L, Li C, Zhu F, Yin W. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Sabin Strain-Based Inactivated Polio Vaccine: A Phase 3 Clinical Trial. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1551-1557. [PMID: 30958543 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sabin strain-based inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) plays a vital role in eradicating poliomyelitis in developing countries. METHODS The study was designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, noninferiority trial. A total of 1200 healthy infants aged 60-90 days were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive 3 doses of either sIPV (the experimental arm) or IPV (the control arm) at days 0, 30, and 60. Immunogenicity and safety outcomes were assessed using the per-protocol and safety populations, respectively. RESULTS A total of 553 and 562 participants in the sIPV and IPV groups, respectively, were included in the per-protocol population. Seroconversion rates in the sIPV and IPV groups were 98.0% and 94.1%, respectively, for type 1 poliovirus (P < .01); 94.8% and 84.0%, respectively, for type 2 (P < .01); and 98.9% and 97.7%, respectively, for type 3 (P = .11). A total of 599 and 600 participants in the sIPV and IPV groups, respectively, were included in the safety population. Fever was the most common adverse event, occurring in 61.6% and 49.8% of participants in the experimental and control arms, respectively (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The sIPV demonstrated an immunogenicity profile noninferior to that of the conventional IPV and had a good safety profile. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03526978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Hu
- Department of Vaccine Evaluation, Nanjing
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
| | - Kai Chu
- Department of Vaccine Evaluation, Nanjing
| | - Deyu Jiang
- Center of Research and Development, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
| | - Fengdong Zhu
- Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guanyun
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
| | - Lei Chen
- Pizhou County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pizhou, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Respiratory Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Office of the Deputy Director, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Weidong Yin
- Office of the General Manager, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing
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29
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He H, Wang Y, Deng X, Yue C, Tang X, Li Y, Liu Y, Yin Z, Zhang G, Chen Z, Xie S, Wen N, An Z, Chen Z, Wang H. Immunogenicity of three sequential schedules with Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Zhejiang, China: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:1071-1079. [PMID: 32442523 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globally synchronised introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and replacement of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) with bivalent OPV (bOPV) were successfully implemented in China's routine immunisation programme in May, 2016. In response to the global shortage of Salk-strain IPV, Sabin-strain IPV production was encouraged to develop and use in low-income and middle-income countries. We assessed the immunogenicity of the current routine poliovirus vaccination schedule in China and compared it with alternative schedules that use Sabin-strain IPV (sIPV) and bOPV. METHODS This open-label, randomised, controlled trial recruited healthy infants aged 60-75 days from two centres in Zhejiang, China. Eligible infants were full-term, due for their first polio vaccination, weighed more than 2·5 kg at birth, were healthy on physical examination with no obvious medical conditions, and had no contraindications to vaccination. Infants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) using permuted block randomisation (block size of 12) to one of three polio vaccination schedules, with the first, second, and third doses given at ages 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months, respectively: sIPV-bOPV-bOPV (1sIPV+2bOPV group; current regimen), sIPV-sIPV-bOPV (2sIPV+1bOPV group), or sIPV-sIPV-sIPV (3sIPV group). The primary endpoint was the proportion of infants with seroconversion to each of the three poliovirus serotypes 1 month after the third dose. Serious and medically important adverse events were monitored for up to 30 days after each vaccination. We assessed immunity in the per-protocol population (all children who completed all three vaccinations and had pre-vaccination and post-vaccination laboratory data) and safety in all children who received at least one dose of study vaccine. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03147560. RESULTS Between May 1, 2016, and Dec 1, 2017, we enrolled and randomly assigned 528 eligible infants to one of the three treatment groups (176 in each group); 473 infants (158 in the 1sIPV+2bOPV group, 152 in the 2sIPV+1bOPV group, and 163 in the 3sIPV group) were included in the per-protocol population. 100% seroconversion against poliovirus types 1 and 3 was observed in all three groups. Infants who received an immunisation schedule containing bOPV had significantly higher antibody titres against poliovirus types 1 and 3 than did the sIPV-only group (2048 in all three treatment groups; p<0·0001). Seroconversion against type 2 poliovirus was observed in 98 (62%) infants in the 1sIPV+2bOPV group, 145 (95%) infants in the 2sIPV+1bOPV group, and 161 (99%) infants in the 3sIPV group. No serious adverse events occurred during the study; 14 minor, transient adverse events were observed, with no significant differences across study groups. INTERPRETATION All three study schedules were well tolerated and highly immunogenic against poliovirus types 1 and 3. Schedules containing two or three sIPV doses had higher seroconversion rates against poliovirus type 2 than did the schedule with a single dose of sIPV. Our findings support inclusion of two sIPV doses in the routine poliovirus vaccination schedule in China to provide better protection against poliovirus type 2 than provided by the current regimen. FUNDING Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China National Biotec Group Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing He
- Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyan Yue
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Tang
- Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Immunisation Programme Department, Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Yin
- Immunisation Programme Department, Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Immunisation Programme Department, Chun'an County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Immunisation Programme Department, Longyou County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyun Xie
- Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Wen
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie An
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huaqing Wang
- National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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30
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Effects of the thermal denaturation of Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccines on the D-antigenicity and the immunogenicity in rats. Vaccine 2020; 38:3295-3299. [PMID: 32197923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of a Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) can be evaluated by measuring the immunogenicity and the contents of D-antigens, which induce the neutralizing antibodies. The immunogenic potency test in rats was done as a national assay in Japan. The two manufacturers of sIPV in Japan have performed both assays since development, and there is no clear discrepancy between the results obtained in the two assays. To further know the relationship between the two assays, we analyzed the effects of the heat treatment of sIPV on the D-antigenicity and the immunogenicity. We observed that the marginal D-antigen that remained after the thermal treatment was capable of inducing relatively high neutralizing antibodies in rats. This indicates that the measurement of the D-antigen contents as part of the quality control of sIPV is more sensitive and appropriate to detect denatured vaccines.
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31
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Bai H, Liu S, Shi S, Lu W, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Guo H, Li X. Identification of the epitope in human poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain recognized by the monoclonal antibody 1G10 using mimotope strategy. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113791. [PMID: 31778678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following the recommended use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine from Sabin strains (sIPV) by the WHO, a D antigen-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1G10 that recognized the human poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain (PV-I Sabin) was produced for D-antigen potency evaluation on sIPV. Study of the mAb 1G10 showed that it recognized a discontinuous conformational epitope of PV-I Sabin antigen. To identify this epitope quickly, easily and cost-effectively, clues to the epitope's identity were first obtained by employing a novel mimotope strategy based on a phage display library and "in silico" prediction. Then, the conformation of the epitope region, including the amino acid sequence, neutralizing sites, and location of this epitope, was identified using several classic epitope-mapping methods such as synthesized peptides analysis, neutralization assay and site-directed mutagenesis. The mimotope strategy may offer some guidance for achieving epitope identification in a more feasible and effective way. This mAb could be used in an in-house or national and international standard IPV D-antigen potency ELISA kit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghe Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Capital International Airport Hospital, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yunkai Zhu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huijie Guo
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China.
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32
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Universal ELISA for quantification of D-antigen in inactivated poliovirus vaccines. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113785. [PMID: 31765719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To address the biosafety and biosecurity concerns related to the manufacture of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), several manufacturers started producing it from attenuated Sabin strains. Slight immunological differences between wild and attenuated strains create a challenge for testing IPV potency, which is defined as the content of protective D-antigen determined in an ELISA test. Some ELISA reagents selected for testing conventional IPV made from wild strains (cIPV) may not be suitable for testing Sabin IPV (sIPV). This paper describes an ELISA procedure using human monoclonal antibodies selected to capture equally well both wild and attenuated strains of poliovirus. A unique monoclonal antibody neutralizing all three serotypes of poliovirus was used as the detection antibody. The method was shown to detect only D-antigen of both conventional and Sabin IPV and to be strictly serotype-specific. The method is highly sensitive and robust and produces linear results in a wide range of concentrations. We have also found that reference standards used for measuring potency of cIPV and sIPV must be made from respective vaccines. This makes it impossible to cross-calibrate potency reagents made from heterologous vaccine and requires the establishment of a new unit to measure potency of sIPV that is different from conventional D-antigen unit.
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33
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Sutter RW, Cochi SL. Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Supply Shortage: Is There Light at the End of the Tunnel? J Infect Dis 2019; 220:1545-1546. [PMID: 30958545 PMCID: PMC10547123 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen L. Cochi
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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34
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Donadei A, Kraan H, Ophorst O, Flynn O, O'Mahony C, Soema PC, Moore AC. Skin delivery of trivalent Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine using dissolvable microneedle patches induces neutralizing antibodies. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:96-103. [PMID: 31484041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cessation of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the inclusion of inactivated poliovirus (IPV) into all routine immunization programmes, strengthens the need for new IPV options. Several novel delivery technologies are being assessed that permit simple yet efficacious and potentially dose-sparing administration of IPV. Current disadvantages of conventional liquid IPV include the dependence on cold chain and the need for injection, resulting in high costs, production of hazardous sharps waste and requiring sufficiently trained personnel. In the current study, a dissolvable microneedle (DMN) patch for skin administration that incorporates trivalent inactivated Sabin poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) was developed. Microneedles were physically stable in the ambient environment for at least 30 min and efficiently penetrated skin. Polio-specific IgG antibodies that were able to neutralize the virus were induced in rats upon administration using trivalent sIPV-containing microneedle patches. These sIPV-patch-induced neutralizing antibody responses were comparable to higher vaccine doses delivered intramuscularly for type 1 and type 3 poliovirus serotypes. Moreover, applying the patches to the flank elicited a significantly higher antibody response compared to their administration to the ear. This study progresses the development of a skin patch-based technology that would simplify vaccine administration of Sabin IPV and thereby overcome logistic issues currently constraining poliovirus eradication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Donadei
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Heleen Kraan
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Olga Ophorst
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Flynn
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter C Soema
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Moore
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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35
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Sutter RW, Zaffran M. Addressing the inactivated poliovirus vaccine shortage. Lancet 2019; 393:2569-2571. [PMID: 31104831 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Sutter
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Zaffran
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
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36
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Hotta C, Ogawa T, Shirasawa H. Surveillance of immunity acquired from poliovirus immunization including vaccination with the Sabin strain-derived inactivated vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1154-1159. [PMID: 30676843 PMCID: PMC6605838 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1572408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, routine immunization for polio using the oral polio vaccine (OPV) was suspended in September 2012; subsequently, an immunization program with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs), the conventional IPV (cIPV) derived from virulent strains, and IPV derived from Sabin strains (sIPV), was introduced. However, the immunity induced by sIPV is not well characterized. This study assessed and compared neutralizing antibodies produced against poliovirus in cases who received doses of OPV or IPV. Serum samples (n = 1186) were collected yearly between 2013 and 2016 as part of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Disease. The neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin strain types 1, 2, and 3 in 224 children, aged between 0 and 90 months, were assessed. Seropositive rates after vaccination with OPV or IPV were more than 90%. Neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin type 1 after vaccination with IPV were lower than those with OPV, while those for Sabin types 2 and 3 after vaccination with IPV were significantly higher than those with OPV. Analyses of antibody titer dynamics revealed that the decay of antibody titers for Sabin types 1, 2, and 3 in cases vaccinated with IPV was steeper than those with OPV. Thus, our study showed that although IPV induced a sufficient level of neutralizing antibody, the immunity induced by IPV was not maintained as long as that by OPV. Our study suggested that a long-term survey should be conducted for polio vaccination using IPV and that it might be necessary to consider booster vaccination for IPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Hotta
- a Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chuo-ku , Japan.,b Division of Virology and Medical zoology , Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Chuo-ku , Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- b Division of Virology and Medical zoology , Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Chuo-ku , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- a Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chuo-ku , Japan
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37
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Satoh H, Tanaka-Taya K, Shimizu H, Goto A, Tanaka S, Nakano T, Hotta C, Okazaki T, Itamochi M, Ito M, Okamoto-Nakagawa R, Yamashita Y, Arai S, Okuno H, Morino S, Oishi K. Polio vaccination coverage and seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies after the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines for routine immunization in Japan. Vaccine 2019; 37:1964-1971. [PMID: 30827736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was changed to 2 types of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), the standalone conventional IPV (cIPV) and the Sabin-derived IPV combined with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP-sIPV), for routine immunization in 2012. We evaluated polio vaccination coverage and the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies using data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (NESVPD) from 2011 to 2015. Several years before the introduction of IPV in 2012, OPV administration for children was refused by some parents because of concerns about the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Consequently, in children aged <1 years who were surveyed in 2011-2012, polio vaccination coverage (45.0-48.8%) and seropositivity rates for poliovirus (type 1: 51.7-65.9%, type 2: 48.3-53.7%, and type 3: 15.0-29.3%) were decreased compared to those surveyed in 2009. However, after IPV introduction, the vaccination coverage (95.5-100%) and seropositivity rates (type 1: 93.2-96.6%, type 2: 93.1-100%, and type 3: 88.6-93.9%) increased among children aged <1 years in 2013-2015. In particular, seropositivity rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) for poliovirus type 3 in <5-year-old children who received 4 doses of IPV (98.5% and 247.4, respectively) were significantly higher than in those who received 2 doses of OPV (72.5% and 22.9, respectively). Furthermore, in <5-year-old children who received 4 doses of either DTaP-sIPV or cIPV, the seropositivity rates and the GMTs for all 3 types of poliovirus were similarly high (96.5-100% and 170.3-368.8, respectively). Our findings from the NESVPD demonstrate that both the vaccination coverage and seropositivity rates for polio remained high in children after IPV introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Satoh
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akiko Goto
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North-19, West-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Shizuka Tanaka
- Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-6-6 Tokamachi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakano
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 378 Kamiokimachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Chiemi Hotta
- Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8715, Japan
| | - Terue Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Miyabi Ito
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 7-6 Nagare, Tsujicho, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 462-8576, Japan
| | - Reiko Okamoto-Nakagawa
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamashita
- Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 8-234 Sanbancho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0003, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hideo Okuno
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saeko Morino
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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38
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Crawt L, Atkinson E, Tedcastle A, Pegg E, Dobly A, Wei C, Lei S, Ling P, Li C, Zheng J, Wang Y, Liqun H, Jorajuria S, Cozic G, Ugiyadi D, Kurniati N, Ochiai S, Miyazawa M, Someya Y, Nishihama T, Masafumi M, Westdijk J, Crowe S, Graaf MD, Kouiavskaia D, Chumakov K, Minor P, Cooper G, Rigsby P, Martin J. Differences in Antigenic Structure of Inactivated Polio Vaccines Made From Sabin Live-Attenuated and Wild-Type Poliovirus Strains: Impact on Vaccine Potency Assays. J Infect Dis 2019; 221:544-552. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crawt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Tedcastle
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Pegg
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Cooper
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
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Sutter RW, Okayasu H, Kieny MP. Next Generation Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: The Future Has Arrived. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 64:1326-1327. [PMID: 28200099 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Paule Kieny
- Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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40
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Crowcroft NS, Klein NP. A framework for research on vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine 2018; 36:7286-7293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Kew O, Pallansch M. Breaking the Last Chains of Poliovirus Transmission: Progress and Challenges in Global Polio Eradication. Annu Rev Virol 2018; 5:427-451. [PMID: 30001183 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), paralytic cases associated with wild poliovirus (WPV) have fallen from ∼350,000 in 1988 to 22 in 2017. WPV type 2 (WPV2) was last detected in 1999, WPV3 in 2012, and WPV1 appeared to be localized to Pakistan and Afghanistan in 2017. Through continuous refinement, the GPEI has overcome operational and biological challenges far more complex and daunting than originally envisioned. Operational challenges had led to sustained WPV endemicity in core reservoirs and widespread dissemination to polio-free countries. The biological challenges derive from intrinsic limitations to the oral poliovirus vaccine: ( a) reduced immunogenicity in high-risk settings and ( b) genetic instability, leading to repeated outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses and prolonged infections in individuals with primary immunodeficiencies. As polio eradication enters its multifaceted endgame, the GPEI, with its technical, operational, and social innovations, stands as the preeminent model for control of vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olen Kew
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA; ,
| | - Mark Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA; ,
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42
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Korotkova E, Laassri M, Zagorodnyaya T, Petrovskaya S, Rodionova E, Cherkasova E, Gmyl A, Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Lipskaya GY, Agol VI, Chumakov K. Pressure for Pattern-Specific Intertypic Recombination between Sabin Polioviruses: Evolutionary Implications. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110353. [PMID: 29165333 PMCID: PMC5707560 DOI: 10.3390/v9110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genomic sequences of a non-redundant set of 70 recombinants between three serotypes of attenuated Sabin polioviruses as well as location (based on partial sequencing) of crossover sites of 28 additional recombinants were determined and compared with the previously published data. It is demonstrated that the genomes of Sabin viruses contain distinct strain-specific segments that are eliminated by recombination. The presumed low fitness of these segments could be linked to mutations acquired upon derivation of the vaccine strains and/or may have been present in wild-type parents of Sabin viruses. These “weak” segments contribute to the propensity of these viruses to recombine with each other and with other enteroviruses as well as determine the choice of crossover sites. The knowledge of location of such segments opens additional possibilities for the design of more genetically stable and/or more attenuated variants, i.e., candidates for new oral polio vaccines. The results also suggest that the genome of wild polioviruses, and, by generalization, of other RNA viruses, may harbor hidden low-fitness segments that can be readily eliminated only by recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Korotkova
- AN Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of MP Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Majid Laassri
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Elena Cherkasova
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA.
| | - Anatoly Gmyl
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of MP Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga E Ivanova
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of MP Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Eremeeva
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of MP Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
| | - Galina Y Lipskaya
- AN Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
| | - Vadim I Agol
- AN Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
- Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of MP Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108819, Russia.
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