1
|
Witzdam L, White T, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Steps Toward Recapitulating Endothelium: A Perspective on the Next Generation of Hemocompatible Coatings. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400152. [PMID: 39072925 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Endothelium, the lining in this blood vessel, orchestrates three main critical functions such as protecting blood components, modulating of hemostasis by secreting various inhibitors, and directing clot digestion (fibrinolysis) by activating tissue plasminogen activator. No other surface can perform these tasks; thus, the contact of blood and blood-contacting medical devices inevitably leads to the activation of coagulation, often causing device failure, and thromboembolic complications. This perspective, first, discusses the biological mechanisms of activation of coagulation and highlights the efforts of advanced coatings to recapitulate one characteristic of endothelium, hereafter single functions of endothelium and noting necessity of the synergistic integration of its three main functions. Subsequently, it is emphasized that to overcome the challenges of blood compatibility an endothelium-mimicking system is needed, proposing a synergy of bottom-up synthetic biology, particularly synthetic cells, with passive- and bioactive surface coatings. Such integration holds promise for developing advanced biomaterials capable of recapitulating endothelial functions, thereby enhancing the hemocompatibility and performance of blood-contacting medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Witzdam
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom White
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, The Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Chan CHH, Pauls JP, Semenzin C, Ainola C, Peng H, Fu C, Whittaker AK, Heinsar S, Fraser JF. Investigation of heparin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4974-4983. [PMID: 35695541 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a critical life-sustaining tool, faces significant challenges for the maintenance of normal haemostasis due to the large volume of circulating blood continuously in contact with artificial surfaces, hyperoxia and excessive shear stresses of the extracorporeal circuit. From a biomaterials perspective, it has been hypothesised that drug eluting coatings composed of haemocompatible hydrogels loaded with an anticoagulant drug could potentially enhance the haemocompatibility of the circuit. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been well established as a biocompatible and anti-fouling material with wide biomedical application. Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant for ECMO. In the present study, the feasibility of using heparin-loaded PEG-based hydrogels as anti-thrombogenic surface coatings for ECMO was investigated. The hydrogels were synthesised by photopolymerisation using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as the crosslinking monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) as the hydrophilic monomer, with heparin loaded into the pre-gel solution. Factors which could affect the release of heparin were investigated, including the ratio of PEGDA/PEGMA, water content, loading level of heparin and the flow of fluid past the hydrogel. Our results showed that increased crosslinker content and decreased water content led to slower heparin release. The hydrogels with water contents of 60 wt% and 70 wt% could achieve a sustained heparin release by adjusting the ratio of PEGDA/PEGMA. The anticoagulation efficacy of the released heparin was evaluated by measuring the activated clotting time of whole blood. The hydrogels with desirable heparin release profiles were prepared onto poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) films with the same chemical composition as the PMP ECMO membranes. The coatings showed sustained heparin release with a cumulative release of 70-80% after 7 days. Haemocompatibility tests demonstrated that PEG hydrogel coatings significantly reduced platelet adhesion and prolonged plasma recalcification time. These results suggest that heparin-loaded PEG hydrogels are potential anti-thrombogenic coatings for ECMO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhang
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia. .,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Chris H H Chan
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia. .,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Jo P Pauls
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia. .,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Clayton Semenzin
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia. .,School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Carmen Ainola
- Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Silver Heinsar
- Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Innovative Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia. .,Scientific and Translational Research Laboratory, Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei Y, Wang F, Guo Z, Zhao Q. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts and regeneration mechanisms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 165:40-53. [PMID: 34971664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are life-threatening diseases with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vascular bypass surgery is still the ultimate strategy for CVD treatment. Autografts are the gold standard for graft transplantation, but insufficient sources limit their widespread application. Therefore, alternative tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the major strategies for the preparation of vascular grafts, as well as the factors affecting their patency and tissue regeneration. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of vascular regeneration that are mediated by host cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wei
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Zhengzhou Cardiovascular Hospital and 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuchinka J, Willems C, Telyshev DV, Groth T. Control of Blood Coagulation by Hemocompatible Material Surfaces-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:215. [PMID: 34940368 PMCID: PMC8698751 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocompatibility of biomaterials in contact with the blood of patients is a prerequisite for the short- and long-term applications of medical devices such as cardiovascular stents, artificial heart valves, ventricular assist devices, catheters, blood linings and extracorporeal devices such as artificial kidneys (hemodialysis), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass. Although lower blood compatibility of materials and devices can be handled with systemic anticoagulation, its side effects, such as an increased bleeding risk, make materials that have a better hemocompatibility highly desirable, particularly in long-term applications. This review provides a short overview on the basic mechanisms of blood coagulation including plasmatic coagulation and blood platelets, as well as the activation of the complement system. Furthermore, a survey on concepts for tailoring the blood response of biomaterials to improve the hemocompatibility of medical devices is given which covers different approaches that either inhibit interaction of material surfaces with blood components completely or control the response of the coagulation system, blood platelets and leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Kuchinka
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Christian Willems
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Dmitry V. Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.K.); (C.W.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biomaterial and cellular implants:foreign surfaces where immunity and coagulation meet. Blood 2021; 139:1987-1998. [PMID: 34415324 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of blood to a foreign surface in the form of a diagnostic or therapeutic biomaterial device or implanted cells or tissues, elicits an immediate, evolutionarily conserved thrombo-inflammatory response by the host. Primarily designed to protect against invading organisms following an injury, this innate response features instantaneous activation of several blood-borne, highly interactive and well-orchestrated cascades and cellular events that limit bleeding, destroy and eliminate the foreign substance/cells, and promote healing and a return to homeostasis via delicately balanced regenerative processes. In the setting of blood-contacting synthetic or natural biomaterials and implantation of foreign cells/tissues, innate responses are robust, albeit highly context-specific. Unfortunately, they tend to be less than adequately regulated by the host's natural anti-coagulant/anti-inflammatory pathways, thereby jeopardizing the functional integrity of the device, as well as the health of the host. Strategies to achieve biocompatibility with a sustained return to homeostasis, particularly while the device remains in situ and functional, continue to elude scientists and clinicians. In this review, some of the complex mechanisms by which biomaterials and cellular transplants provide a "hub" for activation and amplification of coagulation and immunity - thrombo-inflammation - will be discussed, with a view toward the development of innovative means of overcoming the innate challenges.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashcraft M, Douglass M, Chen Y, Handa H. Combination strategies for antithrombotic biomaterials: an emerging trend towards hemocompatibility. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2413-2423. [PMID: 33599226 PMCID: PMC8035307 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface-induced thrombosis is a frequent, critical issue for blood-contacting medical devices that poses a serious threat to patient safety and device functionality. Antithrombotic material design strategies including the immobilization of anticoagulants, alterations in surface chemistries and morphology, and the release of antithrombotic compounds have made great strides in the field with the ultimate goal of circumventing the need for systemic anticoagulation, but have yet to achieve the same hemocompatibility as the native endothelium. Given that the endothelium achieves this state through the use of many mechanisms of action, there is a rising trend in combining these established design strategies for improved antithrombotic actions. Here, we describe this emerging paradigm, highlighting the apparent advantages of multiple antithrombotic mechanisms of action and discussing the demonstrated potential of this new direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ashcraft
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Obstals F, Witzdam L, Garay-Sarmiento M, Kostina NY, Quandt J, Rossaint R, Singh S, Grottke O, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Improving Hemocompatibility: How Can Smart Surfaces Direct Blood To Fight against Thrombi. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11696-11707. [PMID: 33656864 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nature utilizes endothelium as a blood interface that perfectly controls hemostasis, preventing the uncontrolled formation of thrombi. The management of positive and negative feedback that finely tunes thrombosis and fibrinolysis is essential for human life, especially for patients who undergo extracorporeal circulation (ECC) after a severe respiratory or cardiac failure. The exposure of blood to a surface different from healthy endothelium inevitably initiates coagulation, drastically increasing the mortality rate by thromboembolic complications. In the present study, an ultrathin antifouling fibrinolytic coating capable of disintegrating thrombi in a self-regulated manner is reported. The coating system is composed of a polymer brush layer that can prevent any unspecific interaction with blood. The brushes are functionalized with a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to establish localized fibrinolysis that solely and exclusively is active when it is required. This interactive switching between the dormant and active state is realized through an amplification mechanism that increases (positive feedback) or restores (negative feedback) the activity of tPA depending on whether a thrombus is detected and captured or not. Thus, only a low surface density of tPA is necessary to lyse real thrombi. Our work demonstrates the first report of a coating that self-regulates its fibrinolytic activity depending on the conditions of blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Obstals
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Lena Witzdam
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Manuela Garay-Sarmiento
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Jonas Quandt
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Oliver Grottke
- University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kasapgil E, Badv M, Cantú CA, Rahmani S, Erbil HY, Anac Sakir I, Weitz JI, Hosseini-Doust Z, Didar TF. Polysiloxane Nanofilaments Infused with Silicone Oil Prevent Bacterial Adhesion and Suppress Thrombosis on Intranasal Splints. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:541-552. [PMID: 33470781 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Like all biofluid-contacting medical devices, intranasal splints are highly prone to bacterial adhesion and clot formation. Despite their widespread use and the numerous complications associated with infected splints, limited success has been achieved in advancing their safety and surface biocompatibility, and, to date, no surface-coating strategy has been proposed to simultaneously enhance the antithrombogenicity and bacterial repellency of intranasal splints. Herein, we report an efficient, highly stable lubricant-infused coating for intranasal splints to render their surfaces antithrombogenic and repellent toward bacterial cells. Lubricant-infused intranasal splints were prepared by creating superhydrophobic polysiloxane nanofilament (PSnF) coatings using surface-initiated polymerization of n-propyltrichlorosilane (n-PTCS) and further infiltrating them with a silicone oil lubricant. Compared with commercially available intranasal splints, lubricant-infused, PSnF-coated splints significantly attenuated plasma and blood clot formation and prevented bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation for up to 7 days, the typical duration for which intranasal splints are kept. We further demonstrated that the performance of our engineered biointerface is independent of the underlying substrate and could be used to enhance the hemocompatibility and repellency properties of other medical implants such as medical-grade catheters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kasapgil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Claudia Alonso Cantú
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Sara Rahmani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ilke Anac Sakir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 2X2
| | - Zeinab Hosseini-Doust
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Badv M, Bayat F, Weitz JI, Didar TF. Single and multi-functional coating strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility and tissue integration of blood-contacting medical implants. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120291. [PMID: 32798745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Device-associated clot formation and poor tissue integration are ongoing problems with permanent and temporary implantable medical devices. These complications lead to increased rates of mortality and morbidity and impose a burden on healthcare systems. In this review, we outline the current approaches for developing single and multi-functional surface coating techniques that aim to circumvent the limitations associated with existing blood-contacting medical devices. We focus on surface coatings that possess dual hemocompatibility and biofunctionality features and discuss their advantages and shortcomings to providing a biocompatible and biodynamic interface between the medical implant and blood. Lastly, we outline the newly developed surface modification techniques that use lubricant-infused coatings and discuss their unique potential and limitations in mitigating medical device-associated complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Badv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis & Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brash JL, Horbett TA, Latour RA, Tengvall P. The blood compatibility challenge. Part 2: Protein adsorption phenomena governing blood reactivity. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:11-24. [PMID: 31226477 PMCID: PMC6642842 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins is the initiating event in the processes occurring when blood contacts a "foreign" surface in a medical device, leading inevitably to thrombus formation. Knowledge of protein adsorption in this context has accumulated over many years but remains fragmentary and incomplete. Moreover, the significance and relevance of the information for blood compatibility are not entirely agreed upon in the biomaterials research community. In this review, protein adsorption from blood is discussed under the headings "agreed upon" and "not agreed upon or not known" with respect to: protein layer composition, effects on coagulation and complement activation, effects on platelet adhesion and activation, protein conformational change and denaturation, prevention of nonspecific protein adsorption, and controlling/tailoring the protein layer composition. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper is part 2 of a series of 4 reviews discussing the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity. The objective was to highlight features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today.
Collapse
|
11
|
Maitz MF, Martins MCL, Grabow N, Matschegewski C, Huang N, Chaikof EL, Barbosa MA, Werner C, Sperling C. The blood compatibility challenge. Part 4: Surface modification for hemocompatible materials: Passive and active approaches to guide blood-material interactions. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:33-43. [PMID: 31226481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices in the blood flow disturb the fine-tuned balance of pro- and anti-coagulant factors in blood and vessel wall. Numerous technologies have been suggested to reduce coagulant and inflammatory responses of the body towards the device material, ranging from camouflage effects to permanent activity and further to a responsive interaction with the host systems. However, not all types of modification are suitable for all types of medical products. This review has a focus on application-oriented considerations of hemocompatible surface fittings. Thus, passive versus bioactive modifications are discussed along with the control of protein adsorption, stability of the immobilization, and the type of bioactive substance, biological or synthetic. Further considerations are related to the target system, whether enzymes or cells should be addressed in arterial or venous system, or whether the blood vessel wall is addressed. Recent developments like feedback controlled or self-renewing systems for drug release or addressing cellular regulation pathways of blood platelets and endothelial cells are paradigms for a generation of blood contacting devices, which are hemocompatible by cooperation with the host system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper is part 4 of a series of 4 reviews discussing the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity. The objective was to highlight features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred F Maitz
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Matschegewski
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials (IIB) e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Improving functional re-endothelialization of acellular liver scaffold using REDV cell-binding domain. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:151-164. [PMID: 30071351 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of functional vascularized liver tissues holds great promise in addressing donor organ shortage for transplantation. Whole organ decellularization is a cell removal method that retains the native vascular structures of the organ such that it can be anastomosed with the recipient circulation after recellularization with healthy cells. However, a main hurdle to successful implantation of bioengineered organ is the inability to efficiently re-endothelialize the vasculature with a functional endothelium, resulting in blood clotting which is the primary cause of failure in early transplant studies. Here, we present an efficient approach for enhancing re-endothelialization of decellularized rat liver scaffolds by conjugating the REDV cell-binding domain to improve attachment of endothelial cells (EC) on vascular wall surfaces. In order to facilitate expression and purification of the peptide, REDV was fused with elastin-like peptide (ELP) that confers thermally triggered aggregation behavior to the fusion protein. After validating the adhesive properties of the REDV-ELP peptide, we covalently coupled REDV-ELP to the blood vasculature of decellularized rat livers and seeded EC using perfusion of the portal vein. We showed that REDV-ELP increased cell attachment, spreading and proliferation of EC within the construct resulting in uniform endothelial lining of the scaffold vasculature. We further observed that REDV-ELP conjugation dramatically reduced platelet adhesion and activation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that this method allowed functional re-endothelialization of liver scaffold and show great potential toward the generation of functional bioengineered liver for long-term transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is a critical need for novel organ replacement therapies as the grafts for transplantation fall short of demand. Recent advances in tissue engineering, through the use of decellularized scaffolds, have opened the possibility that engineered grafts could be used as substitutes for donor livers. However, successful implantation has been challenged by the inability to create a functional vasculature. Our research study reports a new strategy to increase efficiency of endothelialization by increasing the affinity of the vascular matrix for endothelial cells. We functionalized decellularized liver scaffold using elastin-like peptides grafted with REDV cell binding domain. We showed that REDV-ELP conjugation improve endothelial cell attachment and proliferation within the scaffold, demonstrating the feasibility of re-endothelializing a whole liver vasculature using our technique.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Zhang K, Huang N. Engineering Cardiovascular Implant Surfaces to Create a Vascular Endothelial Growth Microenvironment. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28941232 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is generally accepted as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increasing number of patients suffer from atherosclerosis and thrombosis annually. To treat these disorders and prolong the sufferers' life, several cardiovascular implants have been developed and applied clinically. Nevertheless, thrombosis and hyperplasia at the site of cardiovascular implants are recognized as long-term problems in the practice of interventional cardiology. Here, we start this review from the clinical requirement of the implants, such as anti-hyperplasia, anti-thrombosis, and pro-endothelialization, wherein particularly focus on the natural factors which influence functional endothelialization in situ, including the healthy smooth muscle cells (SMCs) environment, blood flow shear stress (BFSS), and the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Then, the currently available strategies on surface modification of cardiovascular biomaterials to create vascular endothelial growth microenvironment are introduced as the main topic, e.g., BFSS effect simulation by surface micro-patterning, ECM rational construction and SMCs phenotype maintain. Finally, the prospects for extending use of the in situ construction of endothelial cells growth microenvironment are discussed and summarized in designing the next generation of vascular implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.,Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elizondo P, Fogelson AL. A Mathematical Model of Venous Thrombosis Initiation. Biophys J 2017; 111:2722-2734. [PMID: 28002748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a mathematical model for the initiation of venous thrombosis (VT) due to slow flow and the consequent activation of the endothelial cells (ECs) lining the vein, in the absence of overt mechanical disruption of the EC layer. It includes all reactions of the tissue factor (TF) pathway of coagulation through fibrin formation, incorporates the accumulation of blood cells on activated ECs, accounts for the flow-mediated delivery and removal of coagulation proteins and blood cells from the locus of the reactions, and accounts for the activity of major inhibitors including heparan-sulfate-accelerated antithrombin and activated protein C. The model reveals that the occurrence of robust thrombin generation (a thrombin burst) depends in a threshold manner on the density of TF on the activated ECs and on the concentration of thrombomodulin and the degree of heparan-sulfate accelerated antithrombin activity on those cells. Small changes in any of these in appropriate narrow ranges switches the response between "no burst" and "burst." The model predicts synergies among the inhibitors, both in terms of each inhibitor's multiple targets, and in terms of interactions between the different inhibitors. The model strongly suggests that the rate and extent of accumulation of activated monocytes, platelets, and MPs that can support the coagulation reactions has a powerful influence on whether a thrombin burst occurs and the thrombin response when it does. The slow rate of accumulation of cells supporting coagulation is one reason that the progress of VT is so much slower than that of arterial thrombosis initiated by subendothelial exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Quest for Nonthrombotic Surface Modifications to Achieve Hemocompatibility of Implantable Devices. ASAIO J 2016; 61:623-34. [PMID: 26366685 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of blood-contacting implantable devices is limited by surface-induced thrombosis, which has led to the development of thromboresistant surfaces. Multidisciplinary efforts have promoted the development of surface modifications to minimize thrombosis by targeting surface-induced coagulation. To this date, no material has been identified that remains irrevocably hemocompatible with time but many options are now available with their own limitations. Essential to this review is the understanding of some of the challenges in this field and newer opportunities for hemocompatibility research. This report will also briefly review many of the achievements in the development of hemocompatible biomaterial coating, including surface modifications against protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, biomimetism, and endothelialization.
Collapse
|
16
|
Credi C, De Marco C, Molena E, Pla Roca M, Samitier Martí J, Marques J, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Levi M, Turri S. Heparin micropatterning onto fouling-release perfluoropolyether-based polymers via photobiotin activation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:250-9. [PMID: 27351136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for constructing versatile ordered biotin/avidin arrays on UV-curable perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) is presented. The goal is the realization of a versatile platform where any biotinylated biological ligands can be further linked to the underlying biotin/avidin array. To this end, microcontact arrayer and microcontact printing technologies were developed for photobiotin direct printing on PFPEs. As attested by fluorescence images, we demonstrate that this photoactive form of biotin is capable of grafting onto PFPEs surfaces during irradiation. Bioaffinity conjugation of the biotin/avidin system was subsequently exploited for further self-assembly avidin family proteins onto photobiotin arrays. The excellent fouling release PFPEs surface properties enable performing avidin assembly step simply by arrays incubation without PFPEs surface passivation or chemical modification to avoid unspecific biomolecule adsorption. Finally, as a proof of principle biotinylated heparin was successfully grafted onto photobiotin/avidin arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Molena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mateu Pla Roca
- Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier Martí
- Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Maria de Luna, 11, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joana Marques
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri-Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinella Levi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tengood JE, Levy RJ, Stachelek SJ. The use of CD47-modified biomaterials to mitigate the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1033-41. [PMID: 27190273 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing the aberrant interactions between immune cells and biomaterials represents an unmet need in biomaterial research. Although progress has been made in the development of bioinert coatings, identifying and targeting relevant cellular and molecular pathways can provide additional therapeutic strategies to address this major healthcare concern. To that end, we describe the immune inhibitory motif, receptor-ligand pairing of signal regulatory protein alpha and its cognate ligand CD47 as a potential signaling pathway to enhance biocompatibility. The goals of this article are to detail the known roles of CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha signal transduction pathway and to describe how immobilized CD47 can be used to mitigate the immune response to biomaterials. Current applications of CD47-modified biomaterials will also be discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Tengood
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stanley J Stachelek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
In situ regeneration of bioactive coatings enabled by an evolved Staphylococcus aureus sortase A. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11140. [PMID: 27073027 PMCID: PMC4833859 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface immobilization of bioactive molecules is a central paradigm in the design of implantable devices and biosensors with improved clinical performance capabilities. However, in vivo degradation or denaturation of surface constituents often limits the long-term performance of bioactive films. Here we demonstrate the capacity to repeatedly regenerate a covalently immobilized monomolecular thin film of bioactive molecules through a two-step stripping and recharging cycle. Reversible transpeptidation by a laboratory evolved Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (eSrtA) enabled the rapid immobilization of an anti-thrombogenic film in the presence of whole blood and permitted multiple cycles of film regeneration in vitro that preserved its biological activity. Moreover, eSrtA transpeptidation facilitated surface re-engineering of medical devices in situ after in vivo implantation through removal and restoration film constituents. These studies establish a rapid, orthogonal and reversible biochemical scheme to regenerate selective molecular constituents with the potential to extend the lifetime of bioactive films. Bioactive coatings offer a strategy to modulate host response to implants, but their translation to the clinic is hampered by their fast in vivo degradation. Here, the authors use an engineered bacterial protein to regenerate an anti-thrombogenic film in vitro and in situ after device implantation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Jiang R, Wang L, Liu Y, Sun XL. Preparation of chain-end clickable recombinant protein and its bio-orthogonal modification. Bioorg Chem 2016; 65:159-66. [PMID: 26953841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introducing unique functional group into protein is an attractive approach for site-selective protein modification applications. In this report, we systemically investigated four site-selective strategies to introduce azide functionality into recombinant thrombomodulin (TM456), via direct recombinant expression with unnatural amino acid, chemical, and enzymatic modification for its bio-orthogonal modification application. First, a straightforward recombinant method to express TM456 with azide functionality near C-terminus by replacing methionine with azidohomoanlanine from methionine auxotroph Escherichia coli cell was investigated. Next, a sortase-mediated ligation (SML) method to incorporate azide functionality into the C-terminus of recombinant TM456 was demonstrated. The third is to add azide functionality to the N-terminal amine of recombinant TM456via amidation chemistry, and the fourth is tyrosine selective three-component Mannich reaction to introduce azide functionality to recombinant TM456. Overall, SML of recombinant protein affords the highest overall yield for incorporating azide functionality into the C-terminus recombinant TM456 since the key protein expression step uses natural amino acids. Also, single site modification facilitates the highest TM456 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jaffer IH, Fredenburgh JC, Hirsh J, Weitz JI. Medical device-induced thrombosis: what causes it and how can we prevent it? J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 Suppl 1:S72-81. [PMID: 26149053 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Blood-contacting medical devices, such as vascular grafts, stents, heart valves, and catheters, are often used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Thrombus formation is a common cause of failure of these devices. This study (i) examines the interface between devices and blood, (ii) reviews the pathogenesis of clotting on blood-contacting medical devices, (iii) describes contemporary methods to prevent thrombosis on blood-contacting medical devices, (iv) explains why some anticoagulants are better than others for prevention of thrombosis on medical devices, and (v) identifies future directions in biomaterial research for prevention of thrombosis on blood-contacting medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I H Jaffer
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Hirsh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Greineder CF, Brenza JB, Carnemolla R, Zaitsev S, Hood ED, Pan DC, Ding BS, Esmon CT, Chacko AM, Muzykantov VR. Dual targeting of therapeutics to endothelial cells: collaborative enhancement of delivery and effect. FASEB J 2015; 29:3483-92. [PMID: 25953848 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anchoring pharmacologic agents to the vascular lumen has the potential to modulate critical processes at the blood-tissue interface, avoiding many of the off-target effects of systemically circulating agents. We report a novel strategy for endothelial dual targeting of therapeutics, which both enhances drug delivery and enables targeted agents to partner enzymatically to generate enhanced biologic effect. Based on the recent discovery that paired antibodies directed to adjacent epitopes of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 stimulate each other's binding, we fused single-chain fragments (scFv) of paired anti-mouse PECAM-1 antibodies to recombinant murine thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), endothelial membrane proteins that partner in activation of protein C (PC). scFv/TM and scFv/EPCR bound to mouse endothelial PECAM-1 with high affinity (EC50 1.5 and 3.8 nM, respectively), and codelivery induced a 5-fold increase in PC activation not seen when TM and EPCR are anchored to distinct cell adhesion molecules. In a mouse model of acute lung injury, dual targeting reduces both the expression of lung inflammatory markers and trans-endothelial protein leak by as much as 40%, as compared to either agent alone. These findings provide proof of principle for endothelial dual targeting, an approach with numerous potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Greineder
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jacob B Brenza
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ronald Carnemolla
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sergei Zaitsev
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hood
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel C Pan
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Charles T Esmon
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ann Marie Chacko
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- *Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Departments of Radiology and Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Butruk-Raszeja B, Trzaskowski M, Ciach T. Cell membrane-mimicking coating for blood-contacting polyurethanes. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:801-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214549611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop simple modification technique for polyurethanes (PUs) intended for use in blood-contacting implants (vascular grafts, heart prosthesis, ventricular assist devices). PU surface was modified with soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine (PC) via one-step dip coating technique. In order to evaluate blood compatibility of the obtained materials, samples were contacted with human blood under static and arterial flow-simulated conditions. The PC-modified surfaces were thoroughly characterized and tested for fibrinogen resistance, the ability to resist platelet adhesion and activation, hemolysis percentage and plasma recalcification time. Results demonstrated significant, more than three-fold reduction in the amount of fibrinogen adsorbed to PC-modified materials as compared to non-modified PU. Analysis of the samples’ surface after incubation with blood showed high reduction in platelet adhesion. The results were confirmed by analysis of blood samples collected after shear-stress tests – the percentage of free (non-aggregated) platelets remaining in blood samples contacted with PC-coated materials exceeded 70%. The same parameter measured for non-modified PU was significantly lower and equaled 28%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tambourgi DV, van den Berg CW. Animal venoms/toxins and the complement system. Mol Immunol 2014; 61:153-62. [PMID: 24998802 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a wealthy source of agents that have been shown to be beneficial to human health, but nature is also a rich source of potential dangerous health damaging compounds. This review will summarise and discuss the agents from the animal kingdom that have been shown to interact with the human complement (C) system. Most of these agents are toxins found in animal venoms and animal secretions. In addition to the mechanism of action of these toxins, their contribution to the field of complement, their role in human pathology and the potential benefit to the venomous animal itself will be discussed. Potential therapeutic applications will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen W van den Berg
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qu Z, Krishnamurthy V, Haller CA, Dorr BM, Marzec UM, Hurst S, Hinds MT, Hanson SR, Liu DR, Chaikof EL. Immobilization of actively thromboresistant assemblies on sterile blood-contacting surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:30-5. [PMID: 23788402 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rapid one-step modification of thrombomodulin with alkylamine derivatives such as azide, biotin, and PEG is achieved using an evolved sortase (eSrtA) mutant. The feasibility of a point-of-care scheme is demonstrated herein to site-specifically immobilize azido-thrombomodulin on sterilized commercial ePTFE vascular grafts, which exhibit superior thromboresistance compared with commercial heparin-coated grafts in a primate model of acute graft thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired, Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dey SK, Sistiabudi R. Ceramic nanovector based on layered double hydroxide: attributes, physiologically relevant compositions and surface activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307507x225579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
26
|
Wang L, Jiang R, Sun XL. Recombinant thrombomodulin of different domains for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cell transplantation applications. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:479-502. [PMID: 23804235 DOI: 10.1002/med.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane glycoprotein mainly expressed by vascular endothelial cells and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as coagulation, inflammation, cancer development, and embryogenesis. Human TM consists of 557 amino acids divided into five distinct domains: N-terminal lectin-like domain (designated as TMD1); six epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain (TMD2); Ser/Thr-rich domain (TMD3); transmembrane domain (TMD4); and cytoplasmic tail domain (TMD5). The different domains are responsible for different biological functions of TM. In the past decades, various domains of TM have been cloned and expressed for TM structural and functional study. Further, recombinant TMs of different domains show promising antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activity in both rodents and primates and a recombinant soluble TM has been approved for therapeutic application. This review highlights recombinant TMs of diverse structures and their biological functions, as well as the complex interactions of TM with factors involved in the related biological processes. Particularly, recent advances in exploring recombinant TM of different domains for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cell transplantation applications are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sokolov A, Hellerud BC, Tønnessen TI, Johannessen EA, Mollnes TE. Activation of coagulation and platelets by candidate membranes of implantable devices in a whole blood model without soluble anticoagulant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:575-81. [PMID: 22949225 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Implantable devices are challenged with thrombus formation at their biomaterial interface. Thus the importance of identifying compatible biomaterials that will help to improve the performance of these devices are becoming increasingly paramount. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of coagulation and platelets by candidate membranes considered for use in implantable devices on the basis of an adapted whole blood model without soluble anticoagulants. Evaluated materials were incubated with whole blood without soluble anticoagulant in wells coated with heparin. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF 1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and β-thromboglobulin (BTG) were analyzed in plasma samples using enzyme immunoassays. The C5 inhibitor eculizumab was used to evaluate the role of complement. Incubation of two of the polyamide membranes PAR and PATF led to an increase in concentration of PTF 1+2 and TAT (p < 0.01 for PAR, ns for PATF). The BTG concentration was significantly increased for five materials [PAR, PATF, polycarbonate (PC), and two polyarylethersulphone membranes PAES-1 and PAES-2]. Complement inhibition had no effect on coagulation or platelet activation induced by PAR and PATF. In conclusion, PAR and PATF were not compatible with blood and should be avoided for use in implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sokolov
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O. 4950, Nydalen 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Finley MJ, Rauova L, Alferiev IS, Weisel JW, Levy RJ, Stachelek SJ. Diminished adhesion and activation of platelets and neutrophils with CD47 functionalized blood contacting surfaces. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5803-11. [PMID: 22613135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that, through signaling mechanisms mediated by signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα1), functions as a biological marker of 'self-recognition'. We showed previously that inflammatory cell attachment to polymeric surfaces is inhibited by the attachment of biotinylated recombinant CD47 (CD47B). We test herein the hypothesis that CD47 modified blood conduits can reduce platelet and neutrophil activation under clinically relevant conditions. We appended a poly-lysine tag to the C-terminus of recombinant CD47 (CD47L) allowing for covalent linkage to the polymer. SIRPα1 expression was confirmed in isolated platelets. We then compared biocompatibility between CD47B and CD47L functionalized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces and unmodified control PVC surfaces. Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of blood cell attachment to CD47B and CD47L surfaces, via scanning electron microscopy, showed strikingly fewer platelets attached to CD47 modified surfaces compared to control. Flow cytometry analysis showed that activation markers for neutrophils (CD62L) and platelets (CD62P) exposed to CD47 modified PVC were equivalent to freshly acquired control blood, while significantly elevated in the unmodified PVC tubing. In addition, ethylene oxide gas sterilization did not inhibit the efficacy of the CD47 modification. In conclusion, CD47 modified PVC inhibits both the adhesion and activation of platelets and neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Finley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yeh HY, Lin JC. Bioactivity and Platelet Adhesion Study of a Human Thrombomodulin-Immobilized Nitinol Surface. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:807-19. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x426952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yi Yeh
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Srokowski EM, Blit PH, McClung WG, Brash JL, Santerre JP, Woodhouse KA. Platelet Adhesion and Fibrinogen Accretion on a Family of Elastin-Like Polypeptides. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:41-57. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12578498935594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Srokowski
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P. H. Blit
- b Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W. G. McClung
- c Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J. L. Brash
- d Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J. P. Santerre
- e Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K. A. Woodhouse
- f Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weng Y, Chen J, Tu Q, Li Q, Maitz MF, Huang N. Biomimetic modification of metallic cardiovascular biomaterials: from function mimicking to endothelialization in vivo. Interface Focus 2012; 2:356-65. [PMID: 23741611 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosystem-surface interactions play an important role in various biological events and determine the ultimate functionality of implanted devices. Endothelialization or mimicking of endothelium on the surface of cardiovascular materials is a promising way to solve the problems of material-induced thrombosis and restenosis. Meanwhile, a multifunctional surface design is needed as antithrombotic properties should be considered in the period when the implants are not yet completely endothelialized. In this article, we summarize some successful approaches used in our laboratory for constructing multifunctional endothelium-like surfaces on metallic cardiovascular biomaterials through chemical modification of the surface or by the introduction of specific biological molecules to induce self-endothelialization in vivo. Some directions on future research in these areas are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Weng
- Key Lab for Advanced Technologies of Materials , Ministry of Education , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang R, Weingart J, Zhang H, Ma Y, Sun XL. End-point immobilization of recombinant thrombomodulin via sortase-mediated ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:643-9. [PMID: 22372933 DOI: 10.1021/bc200661w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an enzymatic end-point modification and immobilization of recombinant human thrombomodulin (TM), a cofactor for activation of anticoagulant protein C pathway via thrombin. First, a truncated TM mutant consisting of epidermal growth factor-like domains 4-6 (TM(456)) with a conserved pentapeptide LPETG motif at its C-terminal was expressed and purified in E. coli. Next, the truncated TM(456) derivative was site-specifically modified with N-terminal diglycine containing molecules such as biotin and the fluorescent probe dansyl via sortase A (SrtA) mediated ligation (SML). The successful ligations were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence imaging. Finally, the truncated TM(456) was immobilized onto an N-terminal diglycine-functionalized glass slide surface via SML directly. Alternatively, the truncated TM(456) was biotinylated via SML and then immobilized onto a streptavidin-functionalized glass slide surface indirectly. The successful immobilizations were confirmed by fluorescence imaging. The bioactivity of the immobilized truncated TM(456) was further confirmed by protein C activation assay, in which enhanced activation of protein C by immobilized recombinant TM was observed. The sortase A-catalyzed surface ligation took place under mild conditions and occurs rapidly in a single step without prior chemical modification of the target protein. This site-specific covalent modification leads to molecules being arranged in a definitively ordered fashion and facilitating the preservation of the protein's biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Conway EM. Thrombomodulin and its role in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:107-25. [PMID: 21805323 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to provide an extensive review of the physiologic role of thrombomodulin (TM) in maintaining vascular homeostasis, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from published research. TM is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all vascular endothelial cells. Expression of TM is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and to ensure a rapid and localized hemostatic and inflammatory response to injury. By virtue of its strategic location, its multidomain structure and complex interactions with thrombin, protein C (PC), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), complement components, the Lewis Y antigen, and the cytokine HMGB1, TM exhibits a range of physiologically important anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-fibrinolytic properties. TM is an essential cofactor that impacts on multiple biologic processes. Alterations in expression of TM and its partner proteins may be manifest by inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Administration of soluble forms of TM holds promise as effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and infections and malignancies that are complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Conway
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research (CBR), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qu Z, Muthukrishnan S, Urlam MK, Haller CA, Jordan SW, Kumar VA, Marzec UM, Elkasabi Y, Lahann J, Hanson SR, Chaikof EL. A biologically active surface enzyme assembly that attenuates thrombus formation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2011; 21:4736-4743. [PMID: 23532366 PMCID: PMC3606904 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of hemostatic pathways by blood-contacting materials remains a major hurdle in the development of clinically durable artificial organs and implantable devices. We postulate that surface-induced thrombosis may be attenuated by the reconstitution onto blood contacting surfaces of bioactive enzymes that regulate the production of thrombin, a central mediator of both clotting and platelet activation cascades. Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane protein expressed by endothelial cells, is an established negative regulator of thrombin generation in the circulatory system. Traditional techniques to covalently immobilize enzymes on solid supports may modify residues contained within or near the catalytic site, thus reducing the bioactivity of surface enzyme assemblies. In this report, we present a molecular engineering and bioorthogonal chemistry approach to site-specifically immobilize a biologically active recombinant human TM fragment onto the luminal surface of small diameter prosthetic vascular grafts. Bioactivity and biostability of TM modified grafts is confirmed in vitro and the capacity of modified grafts to reduce platelet activation is demonstrated using a non-human primate model. These studies indicate that molecularly engineered interfaces that display TM actively limit surface-induced thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Sharmila Muthukrishnan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Murali K. Urlam
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Carolyn A. Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
| | - Sumanas W. Jordan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA)
| | - Ulla M. Marzec
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 (USA)
| | - Yaseen Elkasabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA)
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA)
| | - Stephen R. Hanson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University Beaverton, OR 97006 (USA)
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kador K, Mamedov T, Schneider M, Subramanian A. Sequential co-immobilization of thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor on polyurethane: activation of protein C. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2508-17. [PMID: 21414427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to control the surface-mediated activation of thrombin and clot formation, proteins and molecules which mimic the anticoagulant properties of the vascular endothelial lining were immobilized on material surfaces. When immobilized on biomaterial surfaces, thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelial glycoprotein that binds thrombin and activates protein C (PC), was shown to generate activated PC (APC) and delay clot formation. However, TM-mediated activation of PC on biomaterial surfaces was shown to be limited by the transport of PC to the surface, with maximum activation obtained at a surface density of ∼40 fmole TM cm(-2). This work investigates surface immobilized with TM and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a natural cofactor to TM which increases the rate of activation of PC on the native endothelium. A sequential and ordered immobilization of TM and EPCR on polyurethane at an enzymatically relevant distance (<10 nm) resulted in higher amounts of APC compared with surfaces with immobilized TM or with TM and EPCR immobilized randomly and at TM surface densities (1400 fmole cm(-2)) which were previously shown to be transport limited. Ordered TM and EPCR samples also showed increased time to clot formation in experiments with platelet-poor plasma, as measured by thromboelastography. Surfaces immobilized with TM and its natural cofactor EPCR at an enzymatically relevant distance are able to overcome transport limitations, increasing anticoagulant activation and time to clot formation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Stroncek JD, Xue Y, Haque N, Lawson JH, Reichert WM. In vitro functional testing of endothelial progenitor cells that overexpress thrombomodulin. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2091-100. [PMID: 21466416 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the augmentation of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) thromboresistance by using gene therapy to overexpress thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein that has potent anti-coagulant properties. Late outgrowth EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with documented coronary artery disease and transfected with an adenoviral vector containing human TM. EPC transfection conditions for maximizing TM expression, transfection efficiency, and cell viability were employed. TM-overexpressing EPCs had a fivefold increase in the rate of activated protein C production over native EPCs and EPCs transfected with an adenoviral control vector expressing β-galactosidase (p<0.05). TM upregulation caused a significant threefold reduction in platelet adhesion compared to native EPCs, and a 12-fold reduction compared to collagen I-coated wells. Additionally, the clotting time of TM-transfected EPCs incubated with whole blood was significantly extended by 19% over native cells (p<0.05). These data indicate that TM-overexpression has the potential to improve the antithrombotic performance of patient-derived EPCs for endothelialization applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Stroncek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Andersen TE, Palarasah Y, Skjødt MO, Ogaki R, Benter M, Alei M, Kolmos HJ, Koch C, Kingshott P. Decreased material-activation of the complement system using low-energy plasma polymerized poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) coatings. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4481-8. [PMID: 21453967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we investigate the activation of blood complement on medical device silicone rubber and present a plasma polymerized vinyl pyrrolidone (ppVP) coating which strongly decreases surface-activation of the blood complement system. We show that uncoated silicone and polystyrene are both potent activators of the complement system, measured both as activated, deposited C3b and quantifying fluid-phase release of the cleavage fragment C3c. The ppVP coated silicone exhibits approximately 90% reduced complement activation compared to untreated silicone. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements show relatively strong adsorption of blood proteins including native C3 to the ppVP surface, indicating that reduction of complement activation on ppVP is neither a result of low protein adsorption nor lower direct C3-binding, and is therefore possibly a consequence of differences in the adsorbed protein layer composition. The alternative and classical complement pathways are barely detectable on ppVP while the lectin pathway through MBL/ficolin-2 deposition remains active on ppVP suggesting this pathway is responsible for the remaining subtle activation on the ppVP coated surface. The ppVP surface is furthermore characterized physically and chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which indicates preservation of chemical functionality by the applied plasma process. Overall, the ppVP coating shows a potential for increasing complement-compatibility of blood-contacting devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are currently used in many bioanalytical and biomedical applications. This protocol describes the use of thin films of maleic anhydride copolymers to covalently attach enzymes directly to solid supports at defined concentrations. The concentration and activity of the surface-bound enzymes can be tuned over a wide range by adjusting the concentration of enzyme used for immobilization and the physicochemical properties of the polymer platform, as demonstrated here for the proteolytic enzyme Subtilisin A. The versatile method presented allows for the immobilization of biomolecules containing primary amino groups to a broad variety of solid carriers, ranging from silicon oxide surfaces to standard polystyrene well plates and metallic surfaces. The approach can be used to investigate the effects of immobilized enzymes on cell adhesion, and on the catalysis of specific reactions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Maitz MF, Sperling C, Werner C. Immobilization of the irreversible thrombin inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone: a concept for hemocompatible surfaces? J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:905-12. [PMID: 20730927 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The irreversible thrombin inhibitor D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) was covalently immobilized to PEGylated polymer thin films at its primary alpha-amino group. Activity assays and capture of radioconjugated thrombin reveal that the PPACK-decorated surfaces could bind thrombin forming up to 30% of a monolayer density. Back-calculation of this high thrombin-inhibiting capacity indicated that the surface immobilization of the inhibitor was still associated with more than two orders of magnitude of loss of activity; increasing activity was observed at higher surface densities. PPACK-containing polymer films almost duplicated the plasma coagulation time when compared with the reference substrate without inhibitor. In whole blood, however, the anticoagulant properties were below those previously found for benzamidine-type reversible thrombin inhibitors; in addition, the surface exhibited inflammatory properties. It is concluded that immobilized reversible thrombin inhibitors are more effective by passivating higher amounts of thrombin in a cooperative action with antithrombin III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred F Maitz
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mishra G, McArthur SL. Plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride: just what are the right deposition conditions? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9645-58. [PMID: 20443591 PMCID: PMC2883019 DOI: 10.1021/la100236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Maleic anhydride plasma polymers enable amine-containing biomolecules and polymers to be covalently coupled to a surface from an aqueous solution without any intermediate chemistry. The challenge in developing these functionally active plasma polymers lies in determining the optimal deposition conditions for producing a stable, highly active film. Unlike many previous studies that explore highly varied pulsed and continuous wave (CW) deposition conditions, this paper focuses on the comparison of films deposited under the same low nominal power conditions (1 W) and compares a range of CW, millisecond, and microsecond pulsing parameters that can be used to produce this power condition. The use of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has enabled the quantitative examination of the effects of processing parameters on the chemical functionality of the films. For the first time, the molecular specificity, surface sensitivity, and high mass resolution of time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) has been exploited to compare these films and multivariate analysis techniques used to explore the relationships between plasma processing parameters and surface chemistry. The results of the studies clearly demonstrate that a range of conditions can produce maleic anhydride films, with optimal functionality seen under microsecond pulsing regimes. Critically, the study demonstrates that the tight control and monitoring of the deposition parameters is critical if these films are to be manufactured with optimal functionality, stability, and minimum processing time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Mishra
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wilson JT, Haller CA, Qu Z, Cui W, Urlam MK, Chaikof EL. Biomolecular surface engineering of pancreatic islets with thrombomodulin. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1895-903. [PMID: 20102751 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for Type 1 diabetes, but its clinical impact remains limited by early islet destruction mediated by prothrombotic and innate inflammatory responses elicited upon transplantation. Thrombomodulin (TM) acts as an important regulator of thrombosis and inflammation through its capacity to channel the catalytic activity of thrombin towards generation of activated protein C (APC), a potent anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agent. We herein describe a novel biomolecular strategy for re-engineering the surface of pancreatic islets with TM. A biosynthetic approach was employed to generate recombinant human TM (rTM) bearing a C-terminal azide group, which facilitated site-specific biotinylation of rTM through Staudinger ligation. Murine pancreatic islets were covalently biotinylated through targeting of cell surface amines and aldehydes and both islet viability and the surface density of streptavidin were maximized through optimization of biotinylation conditions. rTM was immobilized on islet surfaces through streptavidin-biotin interactions, resulting in a nearly threefold increase in the catalytic capacity of islets to generate APC.
Collapse
|
42
|
Pompe T, Salchert K, Alberti K, Zandstra P, Werner C. Immobilization of growth factors on solid supports for the modulation of stem cell fate. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:1042-50. [PMID: 20539280 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surface- and matrix-bound signals modulate stem cell fate in vivo and in vitro. This protocol enables the immobilization of a wide range of biomolecules that contain primary amino groups to different types of solid carriers, including glass substrates and standard polystyrene well plates. We describe how thin polymer coatings of poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) can be used to covalently attach growth factors directly, or through poly(ethylene glycol) spacers, to solid supports at defined concentrations. Surface-immobilized growth factors can be presented over a wide range of concentrations (5-150 ng cm(-2)), as we have previously shown for leukemia inhibitory factor and stem cell factor. Cell activation can be achieved in the presence of adhesion-promoting extracellular matrix proteins. Depending on the methods used, the overall procedure takes 1.5-3 d. In general, the approach can be used to investigate the effect of defined amounts of immobilized growth factors on stem cells and on the maintenance, growth and differentiation of other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Pompe
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Freitas SC, Barbosa MA, Martins MCL. The effect of immobilization of thrombin inhibitors onto self-assembled monolayers on the adsorption and activity of thrombin. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3772-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
44
|
Fredin NJ, Broderick AH, Buck ME, Lynn DM. Nanoimprinted thin films of reactive, azlactone-containing polymers: combining methods for the topographic patterning of cell substrates with opportunities for facile post-fabrication chemical functionalization. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:994-1003. [PMID: 19290643 DOI: 10.1021/bm900045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to the fabrication of surfaces that combine methods for the topographic patterning of soft materials with opportunities for facile, post-fabrication chemical functionalization could contribute significantly to advances in biotechnology and a broad range of other areas. Here, we report methods that can be used to introduce well-defined nano- and microscale topographic features to thin films of reactive polymers containing azlactone functionality using nanoimprint lithography (NIL). We demonstrate that NIL can be used to imprint topographic patterns into thin films of poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone using silicon masters having patterns of grooves and ridges ranging in width from 400 nm to 2 microm, demonstrating the potential of this method to transfer patterns to films of these reactive polymers over a range of feature sizes and densities. We demonstrate further that the azlactone functionality of these polymers survives temperatures and pressures associated with NIL, and that topographically patterned films can be readily functionalized post-fabrication by treatment of surface-accessible azlactone functionality with small molecules and polymers containing primary amines. The results of experiments in which NIH-3T3 cells were seeded onto films imprinted with lined patterns having a pitch of 4 microm demonstrated that cells attach and proliferate on these azlactone-containing films and that they align in the direction of the imprinted pattern. Finally, we demonstrate that the treatment of these materials with amine-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be used to create regions of topographically patterned films that prevent cell adhesion. The results of this study suggest approaches to the functionalization of topographically patterned surfaces with a broad range of chemical functionality (e.g., peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) of biotechnological interest. The ability to manipulate and define both the physical topography and chemical functionality of these reactive materials could provide opportunities to investigate the combined effects of substrate topography and chemical functionality on cell behavior and may also be useful in a broad range of other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Fredin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tasso M, Pettitt ME, Cordeiro AL, Callow ME, Callow JA, Werner C. Antifouling potential of Subtilisin A immobilized onto maleic anhydride copolymer thin films. BIOFOULING 2009; 25:505-516. [PMID: 19387876 DOI: 10.1080/08927010902930363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The proteinaceous nature of the adhesives used by most fouling organisms to attach to surfaces suggests that coatings incorporating proteolytic enzymes may provide a technology for the control of biofouling. In the present article, the antifouling (AF) and fouling release potential of model coatings incorporating the surface-immobilized protease, Subtilisin A, have been investigated. The enzyme was covalently attached to maleic anhydride copolymer thin films; the characteristics of the bioactive coatings obtained were adjusted through variation of the type of copolymer and the concentration of the enzyme solution used for immobilization. The bioactive coatings were tested for their effect on the settlement and adhesion strength of two major fouling species: the green alga Ulva linza and the diatom Navicula perminuta. The results show that the immobilized enzyme effectively reduced the settlement and adhesion strength of zoospores of Ulva and the adhesion strength of Navicula cells. The AF efficacy of the bioactive coatings increased with increasing enzyme surface concentration and activity, and was found to be superior to the equivalent amount of enzyme in solution. The results provide a rigorous analysis of one approach to the use of immobilized proteases to reduce the adhesion of marine fouling organisms and are of interest to those investigating enzyme-containing coating technologies for practical biofouling control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tasso
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Alberti K, Davey RE, Onishi K, George S, Salchert K, Seib FP, Bornhäuser M, Pompe T, Nagy A, Werner C, Zandstra PW. Functional immobilization of signaling proteins enables control of stem cell fate. Nat Methods 2008; 5:645-50. [PMID: 18552855 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mode of ligand presentation has a fundamental role in organizing cell fate throughout development. We report a rapid and simple approach for immobilizing signaling ligands to maleic anhydride copolymer thin-film coatings, enabling stable signaling ligand presentation at interfaces at defined concentrations. We demonstrate the utility of this platform technology using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and stem cell factor (SCF). Immobilized LIF supported mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) pluripotency for at least 2 weeks in the absence of added diffusible LIF. Immobilized LIF activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in a dose-dependent manner. The introduced method allows for the robust investigation of cell fate responses from interface-immobilized ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Alberti
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jordan SW, Chaikof EL. Novel thromboresistant materials. J Vasc Surg 2007; 45 Suppl A:A104-15. [PMID: 17544031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of a clinically durable small-diameter vascular graft as well as permanently implantable biosensors and artificial organ systems that interface with blood, including the artificial heart, kidney, liver, and lung, remain limited by surface-induced thrombotic responses. Recent breakthroughs in materials science, along with a growing understanding of the molecular events that underlay thrombosis, has led to the design and clinical evaluation of a variety of biologically active coatings that inhibit components of the coagulation pathway and platelet responses by surface immobilization or controlled release of bioactive agents. This report reviews recent progress in generating synthetic thromboresistant surfaces that inhibit (1) protein and cell adsorption, (2) thrombin and fibrin formation, and (3) platelet activation and aggregation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu B, Gerlitz B, Grinnell BW, Meyerhoff ME. Polymeric coatings that mimic the endothelium: combining nitric oxide release with surface-bound active thrombomodulin and heparin. Biomaterials 2007; 28:4047-55. [PMID: 17597201 PMCID: PMC1986713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multi-functional bilayer polymeric coatings are prepared with both controlled nitric oxide (NO) release and surface-bound active thrombomodulin (TM) alone or in combination with immobilized heparin. The outer-layer is made of CarboSil, a commercially available copolymer of silicone rubber (SR) and polyurethane (PU). The CarboSil is either carboxylated or aminated via an allophanate reaction with a diisocyanate compound followed by a urea-forming reaction between the generated isocyanate group of the polymer and the amine group of an amino acid (glycine), an oligopeptide (triglycine) or a diamine. The carboxylated CarboSil can then be used to immobilize TM through the formation of an amide bond between the surface carboxylic acid groups and the lysine residues of TM. Aminated CarboSil can also be employed to initially couple heparin to the surface, and then the carboxylic acid groups on heparin can be further used to anchor TM. Both surface-bound TM and heparin's activity are evaluated by chromogenic assays and found to be at clinically significant levels. The underlying NO release layer is made with another commercial SR-PU copolymer (PurSil) mixed with a lipophilic NO donor (N-diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine (DBHD/N(2)O(2))). The NO release rate can be tuned by changing the thickness of top coatings, and the duration of NO release at physiologically relevant levels can be as long as 2 weeks. The combination of controlled NO release as well as immobilized active TM and heparin from/on the same polymeric surface mimics the highly thromboresistant endothelium layer. Hence, such multifunctional polymer coatings should provide more blood-compatible surfaces for biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Bruce Gerlitz
- Eli Lily and Company, Lilly Corporate Center DC 5228, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Brian W. Grinnell
- Eli Lily and Company, Lilly Corporate Center DC 5228, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- *Correspondence Author. Tel: +734-834-5580; Fax: +734-647-4865. E-mail address: (M. E. Meyerhoff)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salvagnini C, Gharbi S, Boxus T, Marchand-Brynaert J. Synthesis and evaluation of a small library of graftable thrombin inhibitors derived from (l)-arginine. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:37-53. [PMID: 17010480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel piperazinyl-amide derivatives of N-alpha-(aryl-sulfonyl)-L-arginine were synthesized as graftable thrombin inhibitors, in the context of biomaterials' design. The possible disturbance of biological activity due to a variable spacer-arm fixed on the N-4 piperazinyl position and the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group as XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) tag on the sulfonamide moiety were evaluated in vitro against human alpha-thrombin. All the compounds of the library were found to be active at the micromolar level, as the reference TAME (N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester). The blood compatibilization improvement of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membrane, coated or grafted by wet chemistry treatment with one representative inhibitor of the library, was also evaluated, showing interesting decrease in blood clot formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Salvagnini
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|