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Lee J, Lim CT. 3D cellular self-assembly on optical disc-imprinted nanopatterns. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4161-4171. [PMID: 39078315 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cellular assemblies, such as cancer spheroids and organoids, are increasingly valued for their physiological relevance, and versatility in biological applications. Nanopatterns that mimic the extracellular matrix provide crucial topological cues, creating a physiologically relevant cellular environment and guiding cellular behaviors. However, the high cost and complex, time-consuming nature of the nanofabrication process have limited the widespread adoption of nanopatterns in diverse biological applications. In this study, we present a straightforward and cost-effective elastomer replica molding method utilizing commercially available optical discs to generate various nanopatterns, such as nanogroove/ridge, nanoposts, and nanopits, varying in spacing and heights. Using the nanopatterned well chips (NW-Chips), we demonstrated the efficient formation of 3D multicellular self-assemblies of three different types of cancer cells. Our findings highlight the accessibility and affordability of optical discs as tools for nanopattern generation, offering promising avenues for modulating cell behaviors and advancing diverse biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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2
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Newton JD, Song Y, Park S, Kanagarajah KR, Wong AP, Young EWK. Tunable In Situ Synthesis of Ultrathin Extracellular Matrix-Derived Membranes in Organ-on-a-Chip Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401158. [PMID: 38587309 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Thin cell culture membranes in organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are used to model a wide range of thin tissues. While early and most current platforms use microporous or fibrous elastomeric or thermoplastic membranes, there is an emerging class of devices using extra-cellular matrix (ECM) protein-based membranes to improve their biological relevance. These ECM-based membranes present physiologically relevant properties, but they are difficult to integrate into OOC devices due to their relative fragility. Additionally, the specialized fabrication methods developed to date make comparison between methods difficult. This work presents the development and characterization of a method to produce ultrathin matrix-derived membranes (UMM) in OOC devices that requires only a preassembled thermoplastic device and a micropipette, decoupling the device and UMM fabrication processes. Control over the thickness and permeability of the UMM is demonstrated, along with integration of the UMM in a device enabling high-resolution on-chip microscopy. The reliability of the UMM fabrication method is leveraged to develop a medium-throughput well-plate format device with 32 independent UMM-integrated samples. Finally, proof-of-concept cell culture experiments are demonstrated. Due to its simplicity and controllability, the presented method has the potential to overcome technical barriers preventing wider adoption of physiologically relevant ECM-based membranes in OOC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Newton
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yuetong Song
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Siwan Park
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kayshani R Kanagarajah
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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3
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Kaneda G, Chan JL, Castaneda CM, Papalamprou A, Sheyn J, Shelest O, Huang D, Kluser N, Yu V, Ignacio GC, Gertych A, Yoshida R, Metzger M, Tawackoli W, Vernengo A, Sheyn D. iPSC-derived tenocytes seeded on microgrooved 3D printed scaffolds for Achilles tendon regeneration. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2205-2220. [PMID: 36961351 PMCID: PMC10518032 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments have a poor innate healing capacity, yet account for 50% of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States. Full structure and function restoration postinjury remains an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to assess the application of novel three dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing the transcription factor Scleraxis (SCX, iMSCSCX+ ) as a new strategy for tendon defect repair. The polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by extrusion through a patterned nozzle or conventional round nozzle. Scaffolds were seeded with iMSCSCX+ and outcomes were assessed in vitro via gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence. In vivo, rat Achilles tendon defects were repaired with iMSCSCX+ -seeded microgrooved scaffolds, microgrooved scaffolds only, or suture only and assessed via gait, gene expression, biomechanical testing, histology, and immunofluorescence. iMSCSCX+ -seeded on microgrooved scaffolds showed upregulation of tendon markers and increased organization and linearity of cells compared to non-patterned scaffolds in vitro. In vivo gait analysis showed improvement in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ -treated group compared to the controls. Tensile testing of the tendons demonstrated improved biomechanical properties of the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group compared with the controls. Histology and immunofluorescence demonstrated more regular tissue formation in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group. This study demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed scaffolds with cell-instructive surface topography seeded with iMSCSCX+ as an approach to tendon defect repair. Further studies of cell-scaffold constructs can potentially revolutionize tendon reconstruction by advancing the application of 3D printing-based technologies toward patient-specific therapies that improve healing and functional outcomes at both the cellular and tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie L Chan
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chloe M Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dave Huang
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gian C Ignacio
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melodie Metzger
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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4
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Iqbal MH, Revana FJR, Pradel E, Gribova V, Mamchaoui K, Coirault C, Meyer F, Boulmedais F. Brush-Induced Orientation of Collagen Fibers in Layer-by-Layer Nanofilms: A Simple Method for the Development of Human Muscle Fibers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20034-20043. [PMID: 36301714 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of skeletal muscle tissue, a highly organized structure of myotubes, is promising for the treatment of muscle injuries and muscle diseases, for replacement, or for pharmacology research. Muscle tissue development involves differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes with parallel orientation, to ultimately form aligned myofibers, which is challenging to achieve on flat surfaces. In this work, we designed hydrogen-bonded tannic acid/collagen layer-by-layer (TA/COL LbL) nanofilms using a simple brushing method to address this issue. In comparison to films obtained by dipping, brushed TA/COL films showed oriented COL fibers of 60 nm diameter along the brushing direction. Built at acidic pH due to COL solubility, TA/COL films released TA in physiological conditions with a minor loss of thickness. After characterization of COL fibers' orientation, human myoblasts (C25CL48) were seeded on the oriented TA/COL film, ended by COL. After 12 days in a differentiation medium without any other supplement, human myoblasts were able to align on brushed TA/COL films and to differentiate into long aligned myotubes (from hundreds of μm up to 1.7 mm length) thanks to two distinct properties: (i) the orientation of COL fibers guiding myoblasts' alignment and (ii) the TA release favoring the differentiation. This simple and potent brushing process allows the development of anisotropic tissues in vitro which can be used for studies of drug discovery and screening or the replacement of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb Iqbal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | | | - Emeline Pradel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Varvara Gribova
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1121, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, Strasbourg Cedex, 67085, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Centre for Research in Myology, Batiment Babinski, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière 47 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Coirault
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 974, Centre for Research in Myology, Batiment Babinski, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière 47 bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Florent Meyer
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1121, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, Strasbourg Cedex, 67085, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR 22, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
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5
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Wu C, Chin CSM, Huang Q, Chan HY, Yu X, Roy VAL, Li WJ. Rapid nanomolding of nanotopography on flexible substrates to control muscle cell growth with enhanced maturation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:89. [PMID: 34754504 PMCID: PMC8571286 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, multiple biophysical cues provided by highly ordered connective tissues of the extracellular matrix regulate skeletal muscle cells to align in parallel with one another. However, in routine in vitro cell culture environments, these key factors are often missing, which leads to changes in cell behavior. Here, we present a simple strategy for using optical media discs with nanogrooves and other polymer-based substrates nanomolded from the discs to directly culture muscle cells to study their response to the effect of biophysical cues such as nanotopography and substrate stiffness. We extend the range of study of biophysical cues for myoblasts by showing that they can sense ripple sizes as small as a 100 nm width and a 20 nm depth for myotube alignment, which has not been reported previously. The results revealed that nanotopography and substrate stiffness regulated myoblast proliferation and morphology independently, with nanotopographical cues showing a higher effect. These biophysical cues also worked synergistically, and their individual effects on cells were additive; i.e., by comparing cells grown on different polymer-based substrates (with and without nanogrooves), the cell proliferation rate could be reduced by as much as ~29%, and the elongation rate could be increased as much as ~116%. Moreover, during myogenesis, muscle cells actively responded to nanotopography and consistently showed increases in fusion and maturation indices of ~28% and ~21%, respectively. Finally, under electrical stimulation, the contraction amplitude of well-aligned myotubes was found to be almost 3 times greater than that for the cells on a smooth surface, regardless of the substrate stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chriss S. M. Chin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingyun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Yin Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Wen J. Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Cui L, Yao Y, Yim EKF. The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031509. [PMID: 34368603 PMCID: PMC8318605 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel has been an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and contact lens materials, due to its outstanding properties, including high water content, transparency, biocompatibility, tissue mechanical matching, and low toxicity. As hydrogel commonly possesses high surface hydrophilicity, chemical modifications have been applied to achieve the optimal surface properties to improve the performance of hydrogels for specific applications. Ideally, the effects of surface modifications would be stable, and the modification would not affect the inherent hydrogel properties. In recent years, a new type of surface modification has been discovered to be able to alter hydrogel properties by physically patterning the hydrogel surfaces with topographies. Such physical patterning methods can also affect hydrogel surface chemical properties, such as protein adsorption, microbial adhesion, and cell response. This review will first summarize the works on developing hydrogel surface patterning methods. The influence of surface topography on interfacial energy and the subsequent effects on protein adsorption, microbial, and cell interactions with patterned hydrogel, with specific examples in biomedical applications, will be discussed. Finally, current problems and future challenges on topographical modification of hydrogels will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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7
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Wang L, Zhou W, Yu Z, Yu S, Zhou L, Cao Y, Dargusch M, Wang G. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Hierarchical Micro/Nanoporous Structure of a Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb Alloy after Surface Dealloying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15017-15030. [PMID: 33764752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A process to dealloy a Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb (TLM) titanium alloy to create a porous surface structure has been reported in this paper aiming to enhance the bioactivity of the alloy. A simple nanoporous topography on the surface was produced through dealloying the as-solution treated TLM alloy. In contrast, dealloying the as-cold rolled alloy created a hierarchical micro/nanoporous topography. SEM and XPS were performed to characterize the topography and element chemistry of both porous structures. The roughness, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were tested. The elements of Zr, Mo, Sn, and Nb were depleted at the nanoporous TLM surface with a diameter of 15.6 ± 2.3 nm. Dissolving the microscale α phase from the alloy surface contributed to the formation of the microscale grooves on the surface. The simple nanoporous topographical surface exhibited hydrophilicity and higher protein adsorption ability, which facilitated the early adhesion of osteoblasts compared with the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface. On the other hand, the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface improved cell proliferation and differentiation and still retained the contact guidance function, which implied good bonding for osseointegration. This research revealed the effect of phase composition on the surface morphology of dealloying titanium alloy and the synergistic effect of micron and nanometer topography on the function of osteoblasts. This paper therefore provides insights into the surface topological design of titanium-based biomaterials with improved biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Sen Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
- East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Gui Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
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8
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Shalan AE, Afifi M, El-Desoky MM, Ahmed MK. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes of cellulose acetate containing hydroxyapatite co-doped with Ag/Fe: morphological features, antibacterial activity and degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00569c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate nanofiber membranes containing hydroxyapatite co-doped with Ag/Fe are effective towards the degradation of MB dye in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI)
- P.O. Box 87, Helwan
- Cairo 11421
- Egypt
- BCMaterials
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Ultrasonic laboratory
- National Institute of Standards
- Giza
- Egypt
- Faculty of nanotechnology for postgraduate studies
| | - M. M. El-Desoky
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518
- Egypt
- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) of the Arab Republic of Egypt
- Cairo
| | - M. K. Ahmed
- Faculty of nanotechnology for postgraduate studies
- Cairo University
- El-Sheikh Zayed 12588
- Egypt
- Department of Physics
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9
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Robust Topographical Micro-Patterning of Nanofibrillar Collagen Gel by In Situ Photochemical Crosslinking-Assisted Collagen Embossing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122574. [PMID: 33371525 PMCID: PMC7767481 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The topographical micro-patterning of nanofibrillar collagen gels is promising for the fabrication of biofunctional constructs mimicking topographical cell microenvironments of in vivo extracellular matrices. Nevertheless, obtaining structurally robust collagen micro-patterns through this technique is still a challenging issue. Here, we report a novel in situ photochemical crosslinking-assisted collagen embossing (IPC-CE) process as an integrative fabrication technique based on collagen compression-based embossing and UV–riboflavin crosslinking. The IPC-CE process using a micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) master mold enables the compaction of collagen nanofibrils into micro-cavities of the mold and the simultaneous occurrence of riboflavin-mediated photochemical reactions among the nanofibrils, resulting in a robust micro-patterned collagen construct. The micro-patterned collagen construct fabricated through the IPC-CE showed a remarkable mechanical resistivity against rehydration and manual handling, which could not be achieved through the conventional collagen compression-based embossing alone. Micro-patterns of various sizes (minimum feature size <10 μm) and shapes could be obtained by controlling the compressive pressure (115 kPa) and the UV dose (3.00 J/cm2) applied during the process. NIH 3T3 cell culture on the micro-patterned collagen construct finally demonstrated its practical applicability in biological applications, showing a notable effect of anisotropic topography on cells in comparison with the conventional construct.
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10
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Staples RJ, Ivanovski S, Vaquette C. Fibre guiding scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:331-341. [PMID: 32134120 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium is a highly hierarchically organized organ composed of gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. Periodontitis leads to the destruction of hard and soft tissues ultimately leading to a loss of the teeth supporting apparatus. Current treatments are capable of limiting the disease progression; however, true regeneration, characterized by perpendicularly oriented periodontal ligament fibre attachment to cementum on the root surface remains challenging. Tissue engineering approaches have been developed to enhance regeneration via micro-engineered topographical features, purposely designed to guide the insertion of the regenerated ligament to the root surface. This review reports on the recent advancements in scaffold manufacturing methodologies for generating fibre guiding properties and provides a critical insight in the current limitations of these techniques for the formation of functional periodontal attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Staples
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
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11
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12
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Campuzano S, Pelling AE. Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and Cellular Agriculture Applications Derived From Non-animal Sources. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Nie J, Pei B, Wang Z, Hu Q. Construction of ordered structure in polysaccharide hydrogel: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 205:225-235. [PMID: 30446099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks, held together by a variety of physical or chemical crosslinks. Among the numerous polymers that can be employed to fabricate hydrogel, polysaccharides have attracted enormous attention due to their peculiar properties that make them suitable for various applications. Compared with homogeneous hydrogels, hydrogels with ordered structures on various length scales are endowed with excellent properties and promising applications in materials science. In the present review, a wide range of techniques were introduced and discussed, which had been utilized to construct ordered hierarchical structures in polysaccharide hydrogels. These techniques focused on the construction of multi-layered and orientated structure, which are two typical and very important forms of hierarchical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Boying Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhengke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Biomedical Macromolecules, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Chen Y, Chen S, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Promoted Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Dexamethasone-loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles/Collagen Composite Scaffolds with Microgroove Networks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14143. [PMID: 30237563 PMCID: PMC6147787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge because current approaches involving surgery and bone grafting often do not yield satisfactory outcomes. For artificial bone substitutes, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role to achieve the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this study, dexamethasone-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles/collagen composite scaffolds with several types of concave microgrooves were prepared for simultaneous promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Microgrooves in the scaffolds were supposed to guide the assembly of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) into well aligned tubular structures, thus promoting rapid angiogenesis. The scaffolds were used for co-culture of HUVECs and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Subcutaneous implantation in mice showed that more blood vessels and newly formed bone were observed in the microgrooved composite scaffolds than in the control scaffold. Scaffold bearing parallel microgrooves with a concave width of 290 µm and a convex ridge width of 352 µm showed the highest promotion effect on angiogenesis and osteogenesis among the parallelly microgrooved composite scaffolds. The scaffolds bearing a grid network had further superior promotion effect to the scaffolds bearing parallel microgrooves. The results indicated that microgrooves in the composite scaffolds facilitated angiogenesis and stimulated new bone formation. The microgrooved composite scaffolds should be useful for repairing of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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15
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Zhu C, Rodda AE, Truong VX, Shi Y, Zhou K, Haynes JM, Wang B, Cook WD, Forsythe JS. Increased Cardiomyocyte Alignment and Intracellular Calcium Transients Using Micropatterned and Drug-Releasing Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Elastomers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2494-2504. [PMID: 33435113 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial tissue engineering is a promising therapy for myocardial infarction recovery. The success of myocardial tissue engineering is likely to rely on the combination of cardiomyocytes, prosurvival regulatory signals, and a flexible biomaterial structure that can deliver them. In this study, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), which exhibits stable elasticity under repeated tensile loading, was engineered to provide physical features that aligned cardiomyocytes in a similar manner to that seen in native cardiac tissue. In addition, a small molecule mimetic of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was polymerized into the PGS to achieve a continuous and steady release. Micropatterning of PGS elastomers increased cell alignment, calcium transient homogeneity, and cell connectivity. The intensity of the calcium transients in cardiomyocytes was enhanced when cultured on PGS which released a small molecule BDNF mimetic. This study demonstrates that robust micropatterned elastomer films are a potential candidate for the delivery of functional cardiomyocytes and factors to the injured or dysfunctional myocardium, as well as providing novel in vitro platforms to study cardiomyocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew E Rodda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bing Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Wayne D Cook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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16
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Chung HH, Mireles M, Kwarta BJ, Gaborski TR. Use of porous membranes in tissue barrier and co-culture models. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1671-1689. [PMID: 29845145 PMCID: PMC5997570 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes enable the partitioning of cellular microenvironments in vitro, while still allowing physical and biochemical crosstalk between cells, a feature that is often necessary for recapitulating physiological functions. This article provides an overview of the different membranes used in tissue barrier and cellular co-culture models with a focus on experimental design and control of these systems. Specifically, we discuss how the structural, mechanical, chemical, and even the optical and transport properties of different membranes bestow specific advantages and disadvantages through the context of physiological relevance. This review also explores how membrane pore properties affect perfusion and solute permeability by developing an analytical framework to guide the design and use of tissue barrier or co-culture models. Ultimately, this review offers insight into the important aspects one must consider when using porous membranes in tissue barrier and lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
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17
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Makita R, Akasaka T, Tamagawa S, Yoshida Y, Miyata S, Miyaji H, Sugaya T. Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1735-1754. [PMID: 29977707 PMCID: PMC6009376 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Collagen is a basic component of the periodontium and plays an important role in the function of the periodontal unit. Therefore, coating with collagen/gelatin has been applied to enable dental implants to positively interact with peri-implant tissues. Although the micro/nanoscale topography is an important property of the surface of dental implants, smaller collagen/gelatin surface patterns have not been sufficiently developed. Furthermore, only few reports on the behavior of cells on gelatin surfaces with different patterns and sizes exist. In this study, we developed micro/nanometer-scaled gelatin surfaces using genipin crosslinking, with the aim of understanding the use of patterning in surface modification of dental implants. Results: Grooves, holes, and pillars, with widths or diameters of 2 µm, 1 µm, or 500 nm were fabricated using a combination of molding and genipin crosslinking of gelatin. The stability of the different gelatin patterns could be controlled by the degree of genipin crosslinking. The gelatin patterns at 20 mM concentration of genipin and 41% crosslinking maintained a stable, patterned shape for at least 14 days in a cell culture medium. A cell morphology study showed that the cells on groves were aligned along the direction of the grooves. In contrast, the cells on pillars and holes exhibited randomly elongated filopodia. The vinculin spots of the cells were observed on the top of ridges and pillars or the upper surface of holes. The results of a cell attachment assay showed that the number of surface-attached cells increased with increasing patterning of the gelatin surface. Unlike the cell attachment assay, the results of a cell proliferation assay showed that Saos-2 cells prefer grooves with diameters of approximately 2 µm and 1 µm and pillars with diameters of 1 µm and heights of 500 nm. The number of cells on pillars with heights of 2 µm was larger than those of the other gelatin surface patterns tested. Conclusion: These data support that a detailed design of the gelatin surface pattern can control both cell attachment and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. Thus, gelatin surfaces patterned using genipin crosslinking are now an available option for biocompatible material patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Makita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tamagawa
- School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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18
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Jordan LG, Booth BW. HER2 + breast cancer cells undergo apoptosis upon exposure to tannic acid released from remodeled cross-linked collagen type I. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:26-32. [PMID: 28877394 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that cross-links collagen type I and possesses anticancer potential. In previous studies, we demonstrated the increased sensitivity of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+ ) breast cancer cells to TA as opposed to triple negative breast cancer cells and normal human breast epithelial cells. In the current study, human pre-adipocytes and HER2+ breast cancer cells were grown on TA cross-linked collagen type I beads. Cell attachment, growth, and proliferation of the cells result in remodeling of the collagen matrix and release of the cross-linking TA. TA concentrations in the conditioned media were determined. Induced apoptosis of cells grown on the TA cross-linked collagen type I beads was imaged and quantified. Viability of HER2+ breast cancer cells and normal breast epithelial cells after exposure TA released from bead remodeling was quantified. Caspase gene expression and protein expression were evaluated. HER2+ breast cancer cells underwent caspase-mediated apoptosis in response to TA exposure. TA-induced apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with HER2+ breast cancer cells demonstrating an increased sensitivity to the TA effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 26-32, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Jordan
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Brian W Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.,Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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19
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Genetically Engineered Phage Induced Selective H9c2 Cardiomyocytes Patterning in PDMS Microgrooves. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080973. [PMID: 28825662 PMCID: PMC5578339 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A micro-patterned cell adhesive surface was prepared for future design of medical devices. One-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-patterns were prepared by a photolithography process. Afterwards, recombinant filamentous phages that displayed a short binding motif with a cell adhesive peptide (-RGD-) on p8 proteins were immobilized on PDMS microgrooves through simple contact printing to study the cellular response of rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte. While the cell density decreased on PDMS micro-patterns, we observed enhanced cell proliferation and cell to surface interaction on the RGD-phage coated PDMS microgrooves. The RGD-phage coating also supported a better alignment of cell spreading rather than isotropic cell growths as we observed on non-pattered PDMS surface.
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20
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Chen S, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Biomimetic Assembly of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Muscle Cells in Microgrooved Collagen Porous Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:367-376. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Chen
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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Alshomer F, Chaves C, Serra T, Ahmed I, Kalaskar DM. Micropatterning of nanocomposite polymer scaffolds using sacrificial phosphate glass fibers for tendon tissue engineering applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1267-1277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Jahnavi S, Arthi N, Pallavi S, Selvaraju C, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Kumary TV, Verma RS. Nanosecond laser ablation enhances cellular infiltration in a hybrid tissue scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:190-201. [PMID: 28532021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tissue engineered (HTE) scaffolds constituting polymeric nanofibers and biological tissues have attractive bio-mechanical properties. However, they suffer from small pore size due to dense overlapping nanofibers resulting in poor cellular infiltration. In this study, using nanosecond (ns) laser, we fabricated micro-scale features on Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Chitosan (CH) nanofiber layered bovine pericardium based Bio-Hybrid scaffold to achieve enhanced cellular adhesion and infiltration. The laser energy parameters such as fluence of 25J/cm2, 0.1mm instep and 15 mark time were optimized to get structured microchannels on the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. Laser irradiation time of 40μs along with these parameters resulted in microchannel width of ~50μm and spacing of ~35μm between adjacent lines. The biochemical, thermal, hydrophilic and uniaxial mechanical properties of the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds remained comparable after laser ablation reflecting extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and mouse cardiac fibroblasts seeded on these laser-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds exhibited biocompatibility and increased cellular adhesion in microchannels when compared to non-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. These findings suggest the feasibility to selectively ablate polymer layer in the HTE scaffolds without affecting their bio-mechanical properties and also describe a new approach to enhance cellular infiltration in the HTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahnavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India; Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - N Arthi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - S Pallavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - C Selvaraju
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Sekkizhar Campus, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - G S Bhuvaneshwar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - R S Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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23
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Santos-Esteve L, Berna À. Compressibility of woven textiles on the architecture of a highly ordered cylindrical, orthogonal, hollow-channeled scaffolds. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santos-Esteve
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Valencia; Avenida Universitat s/n Burjassot 46071 Valencia Spain
| | - Àngel Berna
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Valencia; Avenida Universitat s/n Burjassot 46071 Valencia Spain
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24
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Caballero D, Samitier J. Topological Control of Extracellular Matrix Growth: A Native-Like Model for Cell Morphodynamics Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4159-4170. [PMID: 28068057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cells with their natural environment influences a large variety of cellular phenomena, including cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. The complex extracellular matrix network has challenged the attempts to replicate in vitro the heterogeneity of the cell environment and has threatened, in general, the relevance of in vitro studies. In this work, we describe a new and extremely versatile approach to generate native-like extracellular matrices with controlled morphologies for the in vitro study of cellular processes. This general approach combines the confluent culture of fibroblasts with microfabricated guiding templates to direct the three-dimensional growth of well-defined extracellular networks which recapitulate the structural and biomolecular complexity of features typically found in vivo. To evaluate its performance, we studied fundamental cellular processes, including cell cytoskeleton organization, cell-matrix adhesion, proliferation, and protrusions morphodynamics. In all cases, we found striking differences depending on matrix architecture and, in particular, when compared to standard two-dimensional environments. We also assessed whether the engineered matrix networks influenced cell migration dynamics and locomotion strategy, finding enhanced migration efficiency for cells seeded on aligned matrices. Altogether, our methodology paves the way to the development of high-performance models of the extracellular matrix for potential applications in tissue engineering, diagnosis, or stem-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Cha SH, Lee HJ, Koh WG. Study of myoblast differentiation using multi-dimensional scaffolds consisting of nano and micropatterns. Biomater Res 2017; 21:1. [PMID: 28097017 PMCID: PMC5225639 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topographical cue is major influence on skeletal muscle cell culture because the structure is highly organized and consists of long parallel bundles of multinucleated myotubes that are formed by differentiation and fusion of myoblast satellite cells. In this technical report, we fabricated a multiscale scaffold using electrospinning and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel micropatterns to monitor the cell behaviors on nano- and micro-alignment combined scaffolds with different combinations of angles. RESULTS We fabricated multiscale scaffolds that provide biocompatible and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic environments via electrospun nanofiber and PEG hydrogel micro patterning. MTT assays demonstrated an almost four-fold increase in the proliferation rate during the 7 days of cell culture for all of the experimental groups. Cell orientation and elongation were measured to confirm the myogenic potential. On the aligned fibrous scaffolds, more than 90% of the cells were dispersed ± 20° of the fiber orientation. To determine cell elongation, we monitored nuclei aspect ratios. On a random nanofiber, the cells demonstrated an aspect ratio of 1.33, but on perpendicular and parallel nanofibers, the aspect ratio was greater than 2. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression was significantly higher i) on parallel compared to random fibers, ii) the 100 μm compared to the 200 μm line pattern. We confirmed the disparate trends of myotube formation that can be provoked through multi-dimensional scaffolds. CONCLUSION We studied more favorable environments that induce cell alignment and elongation for myogenesis by combining nano- and micro-scale patterns. The fabricated system can serve as a novel multi-dimensional platform to study in vitro cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 South Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 South Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 South Korea
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26
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Wang D, Liu M, Gu S, Zhou Y, Li S. Microtopography Attenuates Endothelial Cell Proliferation by Regulating MicroRNAs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2017.83013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Li L, Li X, Chen L, Sun P, Hao N, Jiang B. Morphology, proliferation, alignment, and new collagen synthesis of mesenchymal stem cells on a microgrooved collagen membrane. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:581-98. [PMID: 26723935 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1136919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The topographic cues of the extracellular matrix may have significant effects upon cellular behavior, such as adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and in particular, morphology and orientation. In this study, we examined the effects of microgrooved collagen membrane (MCM) on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior. The MCM (9 μm in periodicity, and 1-2 μm in depth) was fabricated on an untreated (nonpolar) and smooth polystyrene substrate, based on the absorption and self-assembly properties of collagen on the polystyrene substrate. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay revealed that cell proliferation on the MCM was enhanced compared with the smooth collagen membrane at day 2. Qualitative observation of MSC behavior using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that MSCs grew with a highly elongated morphology and were aligned strictly along the direction of the microgrooves. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy revealed the oriented cells produced a collagenous matrix on the MCM that had a preferential orientation, whereas the collagenous matrix produced by randomly oriented MSCs on the smooth collagen membrane was disorganized. Future studies should investigate the fabrication of oriented topographical substrates, based on the natural biomaterial collagen, to guide cell alignment and oriented growth along definite directions. These substrates may help produce aligned collagenous matrices that could have good potential for the production of tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China.,b Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Na Hao
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- a National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
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28
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Chaubaroux C, Perrin-Schmitt F, Senger B, Vidal L, Voegel JC, Schaaf P, Haikel Y, Boulmedais F, Lavalle P, Hemmerlé J. Cell Alignment Driven by Mechanically Induced Collagen Fiber Alignment in Collagen/Alginate Coatings. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:881-8. [PMID: 25658028 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years it has been a major challenge to regenerate damaged tissues using synthetic or natural materials. To favor the healing processes after tendon, cornea, muscle, or brain injuries, aligned collagen-based architectures are of utmost interest. In this study, we define a novel aligned coating based on a collagen/alginate (COL/ALG) multilayer film. The coating exhibiting a nanofibrillar structure is cross-linked with genipin for stability in physiological conditions. By stretching COL/ALG-coated polydimethylsiloxane substrates, we developed a versatile method to align the collagen fibrils of the polymeric coating. Assays on cell morphology and alignment were performed to investigate the properties of these films. Microscopic assessments revealed that cells align with the stretched collagen fibrils of the coating. The degree of alignment is tuned by the stretching rate (i.e., the strain) of the COL/ALG-coated elastic substrate. Such coatings are of great interest for strategies that require aligned nanofibrillar biological material as a substrate for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chaubaroux
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Perrin-Schmitt
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France .,3 LBBM-NHC , CHRU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Senger
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Vidal
- 4 Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse , IS2M UMR 7361, CNRS - UHA, Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Claude Voegel
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France .,5 Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France .,6 Institut Universitaire de France , Paris, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- 5 Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France .,7 Institut d'Etudes Avancées, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Hemmerlé
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , UMR-S 1121, "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", Strasbourg, France .,2 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
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Riching KM, Cox BL, Salick MR, Pehlke C, Riching AS, Ponik SM, Bass BR, Crone WC, Jiang Y, Weaver AM, Eliceiri KW, Keely PJ. 3D collagen alignment limits protrusions to enhance breast cancer cell persistence. Biophys J 2014; 107:2546-58. [PMID: 25468334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mammographically dense breast tissue have a greatly increased risk of developing breast cancer. Dense breast tissue contains more stromal collagen, which contributes to increased matrix stiffness and alters normal cellular responses. Stromal collagen within and surrounding mammary tumors is frequently aligned and reoriented perpendicular to the tumor boundary. We have shown that aligned collagen predicts poor outcome in breast cancer patients, and postulate this is because it facilitates invasion by providing tracks on which cells migrate out of the tumor. However, the mechanisms by which alignment may promote migration are not understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of matrix stiffness and alignment to cell migration speed and persistence. Mechanical measurements of the stiffness of collagen matrices with varying density and alignment were compared with the results of a 3D microchannel alignment assay to quantify cell migration. We further interpreted the experimental results using a computational model of cell migration. We find that collagen alignment confers an increase in stiffness, but does not increase the speed of migrating cells. Instead, alignment enhances the efficiency of migration by increasing directional persistence and restricting protrusions along aligned fibers, resulting in a greater distance traveled. These results suggest that matrix topography, rather than stiffness, is the dominant feature by which an aligned matrix can enhance invasion through 3D collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Riching
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Benjamin L Cox
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Max R Salick
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carolyn Pehlke
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew S Riching
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Susan M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Wendy C Crone
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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30
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Duval JL, Dinis T, Vidal G, Vigneron P, Kaplan DL, Egles C. Organotypic culture to assess cell adhesion, growth and alignment of different organs on silk fibroin. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:354-361. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Duval
- Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne France
| | - Tony Dinis
- Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne France
- Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - Guillaume Vidal
- Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne France
| | - Pascale Vigneron
- Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne France
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - Christophe Egles
- Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne France
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
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31
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Cui ZX, Zhao HB, Peng YY, Srithep Y, Turng LS, Shen CY. Fabrication of highly porous interconnected three-dimensional scaffolds with micro-channels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Tannic Acid preferentially targets estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2013; 2013:369609. [PMID: 24369505 PMCID: PMC3863487 DOI: 10.1155/2013/369609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts investigating the potential of natural compounds in the fight against cancer are growing. Tannic acid (TA) belongs to the class of hydrolysable tannins and is found in numerous plants and foods. TA is a potent collagen cross-linking agent; the purpose of this study was to generate TA-cross-linked beads and assess the effects on breast cancer cell growth. Collagen beads were stable at body temperature following crosslinking. Exposure to collagen beads with higher levels of TA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. TA-induced apoptosis involved activation of caspase 3/7 and caspase 9 but not caspase 8. Breast cancer cells expressing the estrogen receptor were more susceptible to the effects of TA. Taken together the results suggest that TA has the potential to become an anti-ER+ breast cancer treatment or preventative agent.
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Anene-Nzelu CG, Peh KY, Fraiszudeen A, Kuan YH, Ng SH, Toh YC, Leo HL, Yu H. Scalable alignment of three-dimensional cellular constructs in a microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4124-4133. [PMID: 23969512 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been considerable efforts to engineer three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic environments to enhance cellular function over conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures in microfluidic chips, but few involve topographical features, such as micro/nano-grooves, which are beneficial for cell types of cardiac, skeletal and neuronal lineages. Here we have developed a cost-effective and scalable method to incorporate micro-topographical cues into microfluidic chips to induce cell alignment. Using commercially available optical media as molds for replica molding, we produced large surface areas of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-grooved substrates and plasma-bonded them to multiple microfluidic chips. Besides aligning a 2D monolayer of cells, the micro-grooved substrate can align 3D cellular constructs on chip. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were cultured three-dimensionally in a microfluidic chip with incorporated PDMS micro-grooved substrate remodeled into an aligned 3D cellular construct, where the actin cytoskeleton and nuclei were preferentially oriented along the micro-grooves. Cells within the 3D cellular constructs can align without being in direct contact with the micro-grooves due to synergism between topography and fluid shear stress. Aligned C2C12 3D cellular constructs showed enhanced differentiation into skeletal muscles as compared to randomly aligned ones. This novel method enables the routine inclusion of micro-topographical cues into 2D or 3D microfluidic cultures to generate relevant physiological models for studying tissue morphogenesis and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA, #03-12, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Anene-Nzelu CG, Choudhury D, Li H, Fraiszudeen A, Peh KY, Toh YC, Ng SH, Leo HL, Yu H. Scalable cell alignment on optical media substrates. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5078-87. [PMID: 23601659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment by underlying topographical cues has been shown to affect important biological processes such as differentiation and functional maturation in vitro. However, the routine use of cell culture substrates with micro- or nano-topographies, such as grooves, is currently hampered by the high cost and specialized facilities required to produce these substrates. Here we present cost-effective commercially available optical media as substrates for aligning cells in culture. These optical media, including CD-R, DVD-R and optical grating, allow different cell types to attach and grow well on them. The physical dimension of the grooves in these optical media allowed cells to be aligned in confluent cell culture with maximal cell-cell interaction and these cell alignment affect the morphology and differentiation of cardiac (H9C2), skeletal muscle (C2C12) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines. The optical media is amenable to various chemical modifications with fibronectin, laminin and gelatin for culturing different cell types. These low-cost commercially available optical media can serve as scalable substrates for research or drug safety screening applications in industry scales.
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35
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Muraoka M, Shimizu T, Itoga K, Takahashi H, Okano T. Control of the formation of vascular networks in 3D tissue engineered constructs. Biomaterials 2013; 34:696-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Tien LW, Gil ES, Park SH, Mandal BB, Kaplan DL. Patterned Silk Film Scaffolds for Aligned Lamellar Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1671-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Design and characterization of sulfobetaine-containing terpolymer biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2899-910. [PMID: 22503950 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A methacrylic terpolymer system with non-fouling interfacial properties was synthesized by the random copolymerization of hexyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and sulfobetaine methacrylate (a monomer bearing a zwitterionic pendant group). Polymers were synthesized from feeds containing 0-15 mol.% of the zwitterion-containing methacrylate. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance verified the incorporation of sulfobetaine methacrylate into the polymer structure. Water absorption studies illustrate that the hydrophilicity of the material increases with increasing zwitterion concentration. The biological properties of the polymer were probed by fibrinogen adsorption, human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion and growth, and platelet adhesion. Strong resistance to protein adsorption and cell and platelet attachment was observed on materials synthesized from 15 mol.% sulfobetaine methacrylate. Results were compared to the non-fouling behavior of a PEGylated terpolymer formulation and it was observed that the poly(ethylene glycol)-containing materials were slightly more effective at resisting human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion and growth over a 7 day incubation period, but the zwitterion-containing materials were equally effective at resisting fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion. The zwitterion-containing materials were electrospun into three-dimensional random fiber scaffolds. Materials synthesized from 15 mol.% of the zwitterion-containing monomer retained their non-fouling character after fabrication into scaffolds.
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38
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Pepper ME, Groff RE, Cass CAP, Mattimore JP, Burg T, Burg KJL. A quantitative metric for pattern fidelity of bioprinted cocultures. Artif Organs 2012; 36:E151-62. [PMID: 22591403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a quantitative metric for coculture pattern fidelity and its use in the assessment of bioprinting systems. Increasingly, bioprinting is used to create in vitro cell and tissue models for the purpose of studying cell behavior and cell-cell interaction. To create meaningful models, a bioprinting system must be able to place cells in biologically relevant patterns with sufficient fidelity. A metric for assessing fidelity would be valuable for tuning experimental processes and parameters within a bioprinting system and for comparing performance between different systems. Toward this end, the "bioprinting fidelity index" (BFI), a metric which rates a bioprinted patterned coculture with a single number based on the proportions of correctly placed cells, is proposed. Additionally, a mathematical model of drop-on-demand printing is introduced, which predicts an upper bound on the BFI based on drop placement statistics. A proof-of-concept study was conducted in which patterned cocultures of D1 and 4T07 cells were produced in two different demonstration patterns. The BFI for the patterned cocultures was calculated and compared to the printing model fidelity prediction. The printing model successfully predicted the best BFI observed in the samples, and the BFI showed quantitatively that post-processing techniques negatively impacted the final fidelity of the samples. The BFI provides a principled method for comparing printing and post-processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Pepper
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Durham ER, Ingham E, Russell SJ. Technique for internal channelling of hydroentangled nonwoven scaffolds to enhance cell penetration. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:241-9. [PMID: 22532409 PMCID: PMC3764839 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212445077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An important requirement in thick, high-porosity scaffolds is to maximise cellular
penetration into the interior and avoid necrosis during culture in vitro.
Hitherto, reproducible control of the pore structure in nonwoven scaffolds has proved
challenging. A new, channelled scaffold manufacturing process is reported based on water
jet entanglement of fibres (hydroentangling) around filamentous template to form a
coherent scaffold that is subsequently removed. Longitudinally-oriented channels were
introduced within the scaffold in controlled proximity using 220 µm diameter cylindrical
templates. In this case study, channelled scaffolds composed of
poly(l-lactic acid) were manufactured and evaluated
in vitro. Environmental scanning electron microscope and µCT (X-ray
microtomography) confirmed channel openings in the scaffold cross-section before and after
cell culture with human dermal fibroblasts up to 14 weeks. Histology at week 11 indicated
that the channels promoted cell penetration and distribution within the scaffold interior.
At week 14, cellular matrix deposition was evident in the internal channel walls and the
entrances remained unoccluded by cellular matrix suggesting that diffusion conduits for
mass transfer of nutrient to the scaffold interior could be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Durham
- Nonwovens Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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40
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Swaminathan V, Tchao R, Jonnalagadda S. Physical characterization of thin semi-porous poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) membranes for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:1321-33. [DOI: 10.1163/156856207782177864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Swaminathan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. Tchao
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S. Jonnalagadda
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 S 43rd Street, Box 80, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Luo C, Li L, Li J, Yang G, Ding S, Zhi W, Weng J, Zhou S. Modulating cellular behaviors through surface nanoroughness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Isenberg BC, Backman DE, Kinahan ME, Jesudason R, Suki B, Stone PJ, Davis EC, Wong JY. Micropatterned cell sheets with defined cell and extracellular matrix orientation exhibit anisotropic mechanical properties. J Biomech 2011; 45:756-61. [PMID: 22177672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For an arterial replacement graft to be effective, it must possess the appropriate strength in order to withstand long-term hemodynamic stress without failure, yet be compliant enough that the mismatch between the stiffness of the graft and the native vessel wall is minimized. The native vessel wall is a structurally complex tissue characterized by circumferentially oriented collagen fibers/cells and lamellar elastin. Besides the biochemical composition, the functional properties of the wall, including stiffness, depend critically on the structural organization. Therefore, it will be crucial to develop methods of producing tissues with defined structures in order to more closely mimic the properties of a native vessel. To this end, we sought to generate cell sheets that have specific ECM/cell organization using micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to guide cell organization and tissue growth. The patterns consisted of large arrays of alternating grooves and ridges. Adult bovine aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on these substrates in the presence of ascorbic acid produced ECM-rich sheets several cell layers thick in which both the cells and ECM exhibited strong alignment in the direction of the micropattern. Moreover, mechanical testing revealed that the sheets exhibited mechanical anisotropy similar to that of native vessels with both the stiffness and strength being significantly larger in the direction of alignment, demonstrating that the microscale control of ECM organization results in functional changes in macroscale material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Isenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, College of Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Abstract
One of the central challenges in cardiac tissue engineering is the control of the assembly and organization of functional cardiac tissue. Maintenance of a three-dimensional tissue architecture is key to myocardial function in vivo, and a variety of studies hint that provision of topological cues within scaffolds can facilitate the engineering of functional myocardial tissue by promoting this architecture. To explore this possibility in an isolated and well-defined fashion, we have designed scaffolds of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with microtopographic pillars ("micropegs") to provide cells with defined structures with which to interact in three dimensions. We show that these surfaces permit HL-1 cardiomyocytes to grow, form myofibrillar structures and cell-cell adhesions, and beat spontaneously. Additionally, the cells and their nuclei interact with the full length of the micropegs, indicating that the micropegs promote a three-dimensional cytoarchitecture in the context of a two-dimensional scaffold. We also show that the number of cells interacting with a micropeg can be controlled by manipulating incubation time, micropeg spatial arrangement, or micropeg diameter. Western blots reveal that the expression of the junctional markers N-cadherin and connexin 43 is upregulated in the presence of specific arrangements of micropegs, suggesting that micropegs can enhance cardiomyocyte function. Together, these data show that microtopography can be used to provide three-dimensional adhesion and control the assembly of functional cardiac tissue on a two-dimensional surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj A Patel
- The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, USA
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44
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Altomare L, Riehle M, Gadegaard N, Tanzi MC, Farè S. Microcontact printing of fibronectin on a biodegradable polymeric surface for skeletal muscle cell orientation. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 33:535-43. [PMID: 20872348 DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Micropatterning and microfabrication techniques have been widely used to control cell adhesion and proliferation along a preferential direction according to contact guidance theory. One of these techniques is microcontact printing, a soft lithographic technique based on the transfer of a "molecular ink" from an elastomeric stamp to a surface. This method allows the useful attachment of biomolecules in a few seconds on a variety of surfaces with sub-micrometer resolution and control, without modifying the biomolecule properties. The aim of this study is to develop an easy and versatile technique for in vitro production of arrays of skeletal muscle myofibers using microcontact printing technique on biodegradable substrata. METHODS Microcontact printing of fibronectin stripes (10, 25, 50 μm in width) was performed onto biodegradable L-lactide/trimethylene carbonate copolymer (PLLA-TMC) films. C2C12, a murine myoblast cell line, was used for the production of parallel myofibers. RESULTS This approach proved to be simple, reliable and effective in obtaining a stable pattern of fibronectin on the PLLA-TMC surface as observed by fluorescence microscopy. C2C12 cells were well aligned along the pattern 24 hours after seeding, especially on fibronectin stripes 10 and 25 μm in width. Seven days after confluence cells fused and formed aligned multinucleated cells expressing a-actinin. CONCLUSIONS Fibronectin patterning seems to be a useful method to induce cell alignment and to improve myotube formation. Further studies will be focused on the possibility of applying external stimuli to these structures to obtain healthy myotubes and to induce myofiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Altomare
- BioMatLab, Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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45
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Cass CAP, Burg KJL. Tannic acid cross-linked collagen scaffolds and their anti-cancer potential in a tissue engineered breast implant. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2011; 23:281-98. [PMID: 21244722 DOI: 10.1163/092050610x550331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a hydrolysable plant tannin, and it has been determined that TA functions as a collagen cross-linking agent through hydrogen-bonding mechanisms and hydrophobic effects. Since TA may have anti-tumor properties, it may be a viable cross-linking agent for collagen-based breast tissue scaffolds. The goal of this work was to determine if TA cross-linked scaffolds induce apoptotic processes in MCF-7 cancer cells, with minimal toxic effect on healthy D1 mesenchymal stem-like stromal cells. Cross-linked collagen scaffolds that were uniform, easily reproduced, easily characterized, and readily used in cell culture were manufactured. Thermal denaturation temperatures of the cross-linked scaffolds (68°C) were shown to be significantly higher when compared to those of uncross-linked scaffolds (55°C). Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the replacement of irregular collagen fibers with sheet-like structures upon cross-linking. The cross-linking solution concentration of TA that appears to be best for inducing apoptotic processes in MCF-7 cells, while minimizing toxic effect on D1 cells, is 1 mg/ml. At this concentration, the MCF-7 cell metabolic activity did not change over a 72-h period (i.e., proliferation was limited) while there was an increase in metabolic activity of D1 cells over the 72-h period. TA did appear to inhibit the production of lipid by D1 cells cultured in an adipogenic cocktail; in the future, the rate and duration of inhibition could be tailored to allow gradual bulking of the implant. The results suggest that the level of TA cross-linking can be modulated to provide optimal use in a tissue engineering composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A P Cass
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University, 401 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Heath DE, Lannutti JJ, Cooper SL. Electrospun scaffold topography affects endothelial cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and morphology. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:1195-204. [PMID: 20694986 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A family of methacrylic terpolymer biomaterials was electrospun into three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds. The glass transition temperature of the polymer correlates with the morphology of the resulting scaffold. Glassy materials produce scaffolds with discrete fibers and a high percent void space (84%) while the rubbery materials produced scaffolds with fused fibers and a much lower percent void space (18%). By electrospinning onto a rotating mandrel, aligned fiber scaffolds were fabricated, and it was shown that controlling the rotation speed of the collector allowed for control over the degree of fiber alignment. The electrospinning was shown to not degrade the number average molecular weight of the polymer chains. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto the electrospun scaffolds under static conditions and it was found that the morphology of the scaffold controlled the cellular proliferation, the metabolic activity, and the morphology of adherent cells. In particular, HUVECs seeded onto low void space scaffolds exhibited enhanced cellular spreading, enzymatic activity, and proliferation. HUVECs seeded onto aligned fiber scaffolds did not demonstrate increased proliferation; however, the cells did organize themselves in the direction of fiber alignment resulting in cells with elongated morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Heath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Fujita H, Dau VT, Shimizu K, Hatsuda R, Sugiyama S, Nagamori E. Designing of a Si-MEMS device with an integrated skeletal muscle cell-based bio-actuator. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 13:123-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fujita H, Shimizu K, Nagamori E. Novel method for measuring active tension generation by C2C12 myotube using UV-crosslinked collagen film. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:482-9. [PMID: 20178119 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for measuring active tension generated by cultured myotubes using UV-crosslinked collagen film. Skeletal myoblasts cell line C2C12 or human primary skeletal myoblasts were seeded onto a thin (35 microm) collagen film strip, on which they proliferated and upon induction of differentiation they formed multinucleated myotubes. The collagen film-myotube complex contracted upon electric pulse stimulation which could be observed by light microscope. When collagen film-myotube complex were attached to force transducer, active tension generation was observed upon electric pulse stimulation. Measurement of active tension was possible for multiple times for more than 1 month with the same batch of collagen film-myotube complex. Active tension generation capability of C2C12 myotubes increased with progression of differentiation, reaching maximal value 6 days after induction of differentiation. Using this method, we measured the effect of artificial exercise induced by electric pulse on active tension generation capability of C2C12 myotubes. When the electric pulses of 1 Hz were continuously applied to induce artificial exercise, the active tension augmentation was observed. After 1 week of artificial exercise, the active tension reached approximately 10x of that before the exercise. The increased active tension is attributable to the formation of the sarcomere structure within the myotubes and an increased amount of myotubes on the collagen film. The increased amount of myotubes is possibly due to the suppressed atrophy of myotubes by enhanced expression of Bcl-2.
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Altomare L, Gadegaard N, Visai L, Tanzi MC, Farè S. Biodegradable microgrooved polymeric surfaces obtained by photolithography for skeletal muscle cell orientation and myotube development. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1948-57. [PMID: 20040385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During tissue formation, skeletal muscle precursor cells fuse together to form multinucleated myotubes. To understand this mechanism, in vitro systems promoting cell alignment need to be developed; for this purpose, micrometer-scale features obtained on substrate surfaces by photolithography can be used to control and affect cell behaviour. This work was aimed at investigating how differently microgrooved polymeric surfaces can affect myoblast alignment, fusion and myotube formation in vitro. Microgrooved polymeric films were obtained by solvent casting of a biodegradable poly-l-lactide/trimethylene carbonate copolymer (PLLA-TMC) onto microgrooved silicon wafers with different groove widths (5, 10, 25, 50, 100microm) and depths (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5microm), obtained by a standard photolithographic technique. The surface topography of wafers and films was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Cell assays were performed using C2C12 cells and myotube formation was analysed by immunofluorescence assays. Cell alignment and circularity were also evaluated using ImageJ software. The obtained results confirm the ability of microgrooved surfaces to influence myotube formation and alignment; in addition, they represent a novel further improvement to the comprehension of best features to be used. The most encouraging results were observed in the case of microstructured PLLA-TMC films with grooves of 2.5 and 1microm depth, presenting, in particular, a groove width of 50 and 25microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Altomare
- BioMatLab, Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Low oxygen tension and synthetic nanogratings improve the uniformity and stemness of human mesenchymal stem cell layer. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1010-8. [PMID: 20179678 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A free-standing, robust cell sheet comprising aligned human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) offers many interesting opportunities for tissue reconstruction. As a first step toward this goal, a confluent, uniform hMSC layer with a high degree of alignment and stemness maintenance needs to be created. Hypothesizing that topographical cue and a physiologically relevant low-oxygen condition could promote the formation of such an hMSC layer, we studied the culture of hMSCs on synthetic nanogratings (350 nm width and 700 nm pitch) and either under 2 or 20% O(2). Culturing hMSCs on the nanogratings highly aligned the cells, but it tended to create patchy layers and accentuate the hMSC differentiation. The 2% O(2) improved the alignment and uniformity of hMSCs, and reduced their differentiation. Over a 14-day culture period, hMSCs in 2% O(2) showed uniform connexon distribution, secreted abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and displayed a high progenicity. After 21-day culture on nanogratings, hMSCs exposed to 2% O(2) maintained a higher viability and differentiation capacity. This study established that a 2% O(2) culture condition could restrict the differentiation of hMSCs cultured on nanopatterns, thereby setting the foundation to fabricate a uniformly aligned hMSC sheet for different regenerative medicine applications.
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