1
|
Wu Z, Huang D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun W, Shen X. Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304160. [PMID: 37946674 PMCID: PMC10767453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new opportunities for studying the tumor microenvironment and exploring potential anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of tumor models is the poor understanding and insufficient reconstruction of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, the current progress of engineering heterogeneous tumor models is discussed. First, the major components of tumor heterogeneity are summarized, which encompasses various signaling pathways, cell proliferations, and spatial configurations. Then, contemporary approaches are elucidated in tumor engineering that are guided by fundamental principles of tumor biology, and the potential of a bottom-up approach in tumor engineering is highlighted. Additionally, the characterization approaches and biomedical applications of tumor models are discussed, emphasizing the significant role of engineered tumor models in scientific research and clinical trials. Lastly, the challenges of heterogeneous tumor models in promoting oncology research and tumor therapy are described and key directions for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Zarur M, Seijo-Rabina A, Blanco-Fernandez B, Rodríguez-Moldes I, Concheiro A. Physical stimuli-emitting scaffolds: The role of piezoelectricity in tissue regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100740. [PMID: 37521523 PMCID: PMC10374602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between life expectancy and quality of life is increasing due to the raising prevalence of chronic diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders and chronic wounds affect a growing percentage of people and demand more efficient tools for regenerative medicine. Scaffolds that can better mimic the natural physical stimuli that tissues receive under healthy conditions and during healing may significantly aid the regeneration process. Shape, mechanical properties, pore size and interconnectivity have already been demonstrated to be relevant scaffold features that can determine cell adhesion and differentiation. Much less attention has been paid to scaffolds that can deliver more dynamic physical stimuli, such as electrical signals. Recent developments in the precise measurement of electrical fields in vivo have revealed their key role in cell movement (galvanotaxis), growth, activation of secondary cascades, and differentiation to different lineages in a variety of tissues, not just neural. Piezoelectric scaffolds can mimic the natural bioelectric potentials and gradients in an autonomous way by generating the electric stimuli themselves when subjected to mechanical loads or, if the patient or the tissue lacks mobility, ultrasound irradiation. This review provides an analysis on endogenous bioelectrical signals, recent developments on piezoelectric scaffolds for bone, cartilage, tendon and nerve regeneration, and their main outcomes in vivo. Wound healing with piezoelectric dressings is addressed in the last section with relevant examples of performance in animal models. Results evidence that a fine adjustment of material composition and processing (electrospinning, corona poling, 3D printing, annealing) provides scaffolds that act as true emitters of electrical stimuli that activate endogenous signaling pathways for more efficient and long-term tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Zarur
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Seijo-Rabina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
- Grupo NEURODEVO, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Han S, Wang Y. Bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers based on modulation of surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable cluster manipulation of particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:215-228. [PMID: 36420975 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have raised great interest in the fields of tissue engineering, targeted therapy, and drug delivery. Generally, the complex structure and array layout design of interdigital electrodes would restrict the applications of acoustic tweezers. Here, we present a novel approach by using bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers to modulate the shape of acoustic pressure fields with high flexibility and accuracy. Experimental tests were conducted to perform the precise, contactless, and biocompatible cluster manipulation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. Stripe, dot, quadratic lattice, hexagonal lattice, interleaved stripe, oblique stripe, and many other complex arrays were achieved by real-time modulation of amplitudes and phase relations of coherent SAWs to demonstrate the capability of the device for the cluster manipulation of particles and cells. Furthermore, rapid switching among various arrays, shape regulation, geometric parameter modulation of array units, and directional translation of microparticles and cells were implemented. This study demonstrated a favorable technique for flexible and versatile manipulation and patterning of cells and biomolecules, and it has the advantages of high manipulation accuracy and adjustability, thus it is expected to be utilized in the fields of targeted cellular assembly, biological 3D printing, and targeted release of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murray AF, Delivopoulos E. Adhesion and Growth of Neuralized Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells on Parylene-C/SiO 2 Substrates. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123174. [PMID: 34207642 PMCID: PMC8226677 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal patterning on microfabricated architectures has developed rapidly over the past few years, together with the emergence of soft biocompatible materials and tissue engineering scaffolds. Previously, we introduced a patterning technique based on serum and the biopolymer parylene-C, achieving highly compliant growth of primary neurons and astrocytes on different geometries. Here, we expanded this technique and illustrated that neuralized cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) followed stripes of variable widths with conformity equal to or higher than that of primary neurons and astrocytes. Our results indicate the presence of undifferentiated mESCs, which also conformed to the underlying patterns to a high degree. This is an exciting and unexpected outcome, as molecular mechanisms governing cell and ECM protein interactions are different in stem cells and primary cells. Our study enables further investigations into the development and electrophysiology of differentiating patterned neural stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan F. Murray
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | - Evangelos Delivopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-11-8378-8615
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manzoor AA, Romita L, Hwang DK. A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Manzoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Romita L, Thompson S, Hwang DK. Rapid fabrication of sieved microwells and cross-flow microparticle trapping. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15687. [PMID: 32973304 PMCID: PMC7518267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microwells is popular for a wide range of applications due to its' simplicity. However, the seeding of conventional microwells, which are closed at the bottom, is restricted to gravitational sedimentation for cell or particle deposition and therefore require lengthy settling times to maximize well occupancy. The addition of microfluidics to the capture process has accelerated cell or particle dispersion and improved capture ability but is mostly limited to gravitationally-driven settling for capture into the wells. An alternative approach to conventional closed-microwells, sieved microwells supersedes reliance on gravity by using hydrodynamic forces through the open pores at the bottom of the microwells to draw targets into the wells. We have developed a rapid fabrication method, based on flow lithography techniques, which allows us to easily customize the mesh pore sizes in a simple two-step process. Finally, by combining this microwell design with cross-flow trapping in a microfluidic two-layered channel, we achieve an 88 ± 6% well occupancy in under 10 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Shyan Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perez‐Toralla K, Olivera‐Torres A, Rose MA, Esfahani AM, Reddy K, Yang R, Morin SA. Facile Production of Large-Area Cell Arrays Using Surface-Assembled Microdroplets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000769. [PMID: 32775160 PMCID: PMC7404142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Techniques that enable the spatial arrangement of living cells into defined patterns are broadly applicable to tissue engineering, drug screening, and cell-cell investigations. Achieving large-scale patterning with single-cell resolution while minimizing cell stress/damage is, however, technically challenging using existing methods. Here, a facile and highly scalable technique for the rational design of reconfigurable arrays of cells is reported. Specifically, microdroplets of cell suspensions are assembled using stretchable surface-chemical patterns which, following incubation, yield ordered arrays of cells. The microdroplets are generated using a microfluidic-based aerosol spray nozzle that enables control of the volume/size of the droplets delivered to the surface. Assembly of the cell-loaded microdroplets is achieved via mechanically induced coalescence using substrates with engineered surface-wettability patterns based on extracellular matrices. Robust cell proliferation inside the patterned areas is demonstrated using standard culture techniques. By combining the scalability of aerosol-based delivery and microdroplet surface assembly with user-defined chemical patterns of controlled functionality, the technique reported here provides an innovative methodology for the scalable generation of large-area cell arrays with flexible geometries and tunable resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Perez‐Toralla
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Present address:
Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en ImmunoanalyseUniversité Paris‐Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif‐sur‐Yvette91191France
| | - Angel Olivera‐Torres
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Mark A. Rose
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Keerthana Reddy
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular CommunicationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Stephen A. Morin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and NanoscienceUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luan Q, Macaraniag C, Zhou J, Papautsky I. Microfluidic systems for hydrodynamic trapping of cells and clusters. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:031502. [PMID: 34992704 PMCID: PMC8719525 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been widely applied to trapping and isolation of cells and clusters for controllable intercellular environments and high-throughput analysis, triggering numerous advances in disease diagnosis and single-cell analysis. Passive hydrodynamic cell trapping is one of the simple and effective methods that has been gaining attention in recent years. Our aim here is to review the existing passive microfluidic trapping approaches, including microposts, microfiltration, microwells, and trapping chambers, with emphasis on design principles and performance. We summarize the remarkable advances that hydrodynamic trapping methods offer, as well as the existing challenges and prospects for development. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of hydrodynamic trapping approaches can lead to sophisticated and useful platforms to advance medical and biological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Luan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Celine Macaraniag
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | | | - Ian Papautsky
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 312 413 3800
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hun T, Liu Y, Guo Y, Sun Y, Fan Y, Wang W. A micropore array-based solid lift-off method for highly efficient and controllable cell alignment and spreading. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:86. [PMID: 34567696 PMCID: PMC8433473 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions is critical for both advancing knowledge of basic biology and promoting applications of regenerative medicine. Cell patterning has been widely investigated in previous studies. However, the reported methods cannot simultaneously realize precise control of cell alignment and adhesion/spreading with a high efficiency at a high throughput. Here, a novel solid lift-off method with a micropore array as a shadow mask was proposed. Efficient and precise control of cell alignment and adhesion/spreading are simultaneously achieved via an ingeniously designed shadow mask, which contains large micropores (capture pores) in central areas and small micropores (spreading pores) in surrounding areas contributing to capture/alignment and adhesion/spreading control, respectively. The solid lift-off functions as follows: (1) protein micropattern generates through both the capture and spreading pores, (2) cell capture/alignment control is realized through the capture pores, and (3) cell adhesion/spreading is controlled through previously generated protein micropatterns after lift-off of the shadow mask. High-throughput (2.4-3.2 × 104 cells/cm2) cell alignments were achieved with high efficiencies (86.2 ± 3.2%, 56.7 ± 9.4% and 51.1 ± 4.0% for single-cell, double-cell, and triple-cell alignments, respectively). Precise control of cell spreading and applications for regulating cell skeletons and cell-cell junctions were investigated and verified using murine skeletal muscle myoblasts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate highly efficient and controllable multicell alignment and adhesion/spreading simultaneously via a simple solid lift-off operation. This study successfully fills a gap in literatures and promotes the effective and reproducible application of cell patterning in the fields of both basic mechanism studies and applied medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoping Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yechang Guo
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, 100871 Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brimmo AT, Menachery A, Qasaimeh MA. Microelectrofluidic probe for sequential cell separation and patterning. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4052-4063. [PMID: 31680130 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation and patterning are of interest to several biological and medical applications including rare cell isolation and co-culture models. Numerous microfluidic devices have been used for cell separation and patterning, however, the typical closed channel configuration comes with challenges and limitations. Here, we report a dielectrophoresis (DEP) enabled microelectrofluidic probe (MeFP) for sequentially separating and patterning of mammalian cells in an open microfluidic system. The MeFP is a microfluidic probe with injection and aspiration apertures, integrated with an array of micro-hump electrodes on its tip. Aligning the MeFP parallel, and in close proximity, to a conductive substrate forms a vertical pin-plate electrode configuration that allows for an integration of DEP forces within the hydrodynamic flow confinement. Upon confining a heterogeneous cell suspension in the gap between the MeFP and the substrate, target cells are selectively captured on the micro-hump electrodes using positive DEP forces, and then deposited on the substrate in defined patterns. Characterization of the MeFP showed an increase in cell-capture efficiency when the MeFP is of a higher microfluidic multipole configuration. Separation of cancer cells from T lymphocytes was demonstrated with capture purity as high as 89.6%. Deposited patterns of isolated cells match the numerically calculated particle trajectories of the evaluated microfluidic multipoles configurations. By adjusting the flow configuration of the MeFP, we show that the patterned co-culture of two different cell types can be dynamically controlled for homotypic and heterotypic cell interaction studies. This work presents a multifunctional microfluidic tool that bio-fabricates selective multicellular patterns directly on an open substrate without the need for confined conduits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang H, Wei Z, Liou J, Zhao W, Xu X. Localization of cells using magnetized patterned thin films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Weydert S, Girardin S, Cui X, Zürcher S, Peter T, Wirz R, Sterner O, Stauffer F, Aebersold MJ, Tanner S, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, Tosatti S, Vörös J. A Versatile Protein and Cell Patterning Method Suitable for Long-Term Neural Cultures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2966-2975. [PMID: 30767535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an easy-to-use protein and cell patterning method relying solely on pipetting, rinsing steps and illumination with a desktop lamp, which does not require any expensive laboratory equipment, custom-built hardware or delicate chemistry. This method is based on the adhesion promoter poly(allylamine)-grafted perfluorophenyl azide, which allows UV-induced cross-linking with proteins and the antifouling molecule poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Versatility is demonstrated by creating patterns with two different proteins and a polysaccharide directly on plastic well plates and on glass slides, and by subsequently seeding primary neurons and C2C12 myoblasts on the patterns to form islands and mini-networks. Patterning characterization is done via immunohistochemistry, Congo red staining, ellipsometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Using a pragmatic setup, patterning contrasts down to 5 μm and statistically significant long-term stability superior to the gold standard poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) could be obtained. This simple method can be used in any laboratory or even in classrooms and its outstanding stability is especially interesting for long-term cell experiments, e.g., for bottom-up neuroscience, where well-defined microislands and microcircuits of primary neurons are studied over weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sophie Girardin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xinnan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Stefan Zürcher
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ronny Wirz
- Bruker Optics GmbH , Industriestrasse 26 , 8117 Fällanden , Switzerland
| | - Olof Sterner
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tanner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim JJ, Chan PPY, Vlassakis J, Geldert A, Herr AE. Microparticle Delivery of Protein Markers for Single-Cell Western Blotting from Microwells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802865. [PMID: 30334351 PMCID: PMC6272123 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoblotting confers protein identification specificity beyond that of immunoassays by prepending protein electrophoresis (sizing) to immunoprobing. To accurately size protein targets, sample analysis includes concurrent analysis of protein markers with known molecular masses. To incorporate protein markers in single-cell western blotting, microwells are used to isolate individual cells and protein marker-coated microparticles. A magnetic field directs protein-coated microparticles to >75% of microwells, so as to 1) deliver a quantum of protein marker to each cell-laden microwell and 2) synchronize protein marker solubilization with cell lysis. Nickel-coated microparticles are designed, fabricated, and characterized, each conjugated with a mixture of histidine-tagged proteins (42.3-100 kDa). Imidazole in the cell lysis buffer solubilizes protein markers during a 30 s cell lysis step, with an observed protein marker release half-life of 4.46 s. Across hundreds of individual microwells and different microdevices, robust log-linear regression fits (R2 > 0.97) of protein molecular mass and electrophoretic mobility are observed. The protein marker and microparticle system is applied to determine the molecular masses of five endogenous proteins in breast cancer cells (GAPDH, β-TUB, CK8, STAT3, ER-α), with <20% mass error. Microparticle-delivered protein standards underpin robust, reproducible electrophoretic cytometry that complements single-cell genomics and transcriptomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peggy P. Y. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Faculty of Science Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Julea Vlassakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alisha Geldert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, ; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simple Analysis of Lipid Inhibition Activity on an Adipocyte Micro-Cell Pattern Chip. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020037. [PMID: 29867022 PMCID: PMC6023008 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) is often applied to fabricate cell chips. In this study, we fabricated an adipocyte microcell pattern chips using PDMS to analyze the inhibition activity of lipid droplets in mouse embryo fibroblast cells (3T3-L1) with anti-obesity agents. To form the PDMS based micropattern, we applied the micro-contact printing technique using PDMS micro-stamps that had been fabricated by conventional soft lithography. This PDMS micro-pattern enabled the selective growth of 3T3-L1 cells onto the specific region by preventing cell adhesion on the PDMS region. It then allowed growth of the 3T3-L1 cells in the chip for 10 days and confirmed that lipid droplets were formed in the 3T3-L1 cells. After treatment of orlistat and quercetin were treated in an adipocyte micro-cell pattern chip with 3T3-L1 cells for six days, we found that orlistat and quercetin exhibited fat inhibition capacities of 19.3% and 24.4% from 0.2 μM of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, we conducted a direct quantitative analysis of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation using Oil Red O staining. In conclusion, PDMS-based adipocyte micro-cell pattern chips may contribute to the development of novel bioactive compounds.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gong X, Mills KL. Large-scale patterning of single cells and cell clusters in hydrogels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3849. [PMID: 29497104 PMCID: PMC5832855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are known to play a significant role in cell behavior. To gain a better understanding of the effects of the biophysical microenvironment on cell behavior, the practical challenge is longitudinally monitoring behavioral variations within a population to make statistically powerful assessments. Population-level measurements mask heterogeneity in cell responses, and large-scale individual cell measurements are often performed in a one-time, snapshot manner after removing cells from their matrix. Here we present an easy and low-cost method for large-scale, longitudinal studies of heterogeneous cell behavior in 3D hydrogel matrices. Using a platform we term "the drop-patterning chip", thousands of cells were simultaneously transferred from microwell arrays and fully embedded, only using the force of gravity, in precise patterns in 3D collagen I or Matrigel. This method allows for throughputs approaching 2D patterning methods that lack phenotypic information on cell-matrix interactions, and does not rely on special equipment and cell treatments that may result in a proximal stiff surface. With a large and yet well-organized group of cells captured in 3D matrices, we demonstrated the capability of locating selected individual cells and monitoring cell division, migration, and proliferation for multiple days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Kristen L Mills
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Cheng M, Wang Y, Shi F. Constructing a Multiplexed DNA Pattern by Combining Precise Magnetic Manipulation and DNA-Driven Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1100-1108. [PMID: 28903006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand to construct multiplexed biomolecular patterns to obtain more biological information from a single experiment. However, with only limited reports focusing on defective top-down approaches, challenges remain to develop a bottom-up strategy for multiplexed patterning. To this end, a novel strategy has been proposed to fabricate multiplexed DNA patterns via macroscopic assembly through combined precise magnetic manipulation and DNA hybridization-driven self-assembly. Therefore, a multiplexed DNA pattern composed of glass fibers loaded with multiple specific strands of DNA was constructed, and its potential application in simultaneous detection of multiplex target DNA was demonstrated. Moreover, the fabricated multiplexed DNA pattern shows an erasable behavior because the hybridized DNA can be disassembled by strand displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Wei J, Liu Y, Liu B, Liu T, Jiang Y, Ding L, Liu C. A microfluidic design to provide a stable and uniform in vitro microenvironment for cell culture inspired by the redundancy characteristic of leaf areoles. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 29063079 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The leaf venation is considered to be an optimal transportation system with the mesophyll cells being divided by minor veins into small regions named areoles. The transpiration of water in different regions of a leaf fluctuates over time making the transportation of water in veins fluctuate as well. However, because of the existence of multiple paths provided by the leaf venation network and the pits on the walls of the vessels, the pressure field and nutrient concentration in the areoles that the mesophyll cells live in are almost uniform. Therefore, inspired by such structures, a microfluidic design of a novel cell culture chamber has been proposed to obtain a stable and uniform microenvironment. The device consists of a novel microchannel system imitating the vessels in the leaf venation to transport the culture medium, a cell culture chamber imitating the areole and microgaps imitating the pits. The effects of the areole and pit on flow fields in the cell culture chamber have been discussed. The results indicate that the bio-inspired microfluidic device is a robust platform to provide an in vivo like fluidic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weydert S, Zürcher S, Tanner S, Zhang N, Ritter R, Peter T, Aebersold MJ, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, Rottmar M, Stauffer F, Valassina IA, Morgese G, Benetti EM, Tosatti S, Vörös J. Easy to Apply Polyoxazoline-Based Coating for Precise and Long-Term Control of Neural Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8594-8605. [PMID: 28792773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arranging cultured cells in patterns via surface modification is a tool used by biologists to answer questions in a specific and controlled manner. In the past decade, bottom-up neuroscience emerged as a new application, which aims to get a better understanding of the brain via reverse engineering and analyzing elementary circuitry in vitro. Building well-defined neural networks is the ultimate goal. Antifouling coatings are often used to control neurite outgrowth. Because erroneous connectivity alters the entire topology and functionality of minicircuits, the requirements are demanding. Current state-of-the-art coating solutions such as widely used poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) fail to prevent primary neurons from making undesired connections in long-term cultures. In this study, a new copolymer with greatly enhanced antifouling properties is developed, characterized, and evaluated for its reliability, stability, and versatility. To this end, the following components are grafted to a poly(acrylamide) (PAcrAm) backbone: hexaneamine, to support spontaneous electrostatic adsorption in buffered aqueous solutions, and propyldimethylethoxysilane, to increase the durability via covalent bonding to hydroxylated culture surfaces and antifouling polymer poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA). In an assay for neural connectivity control, the new copolymer's ability to effectively prevent unwanted neurite outgrowth is compared to the gold standard, PLL-g-PEG. Additionally, its versatility is evaluated on polystyrene, glass, and poly(dimethylsiloxane) using primary hippocampal and cortical rat neurons as well as C2C12 myoblasts, and human fibroblasts. PAcrAm-g-(PMOXA, NH2, Si) consistently outperforms PLL-g-PEG with all tested culture surfaces and cell types, and it is the first surface coating which reliably prevents arranged nodes of primary neurons from forming undesired connections over the long term. Whereas the presented work focuses on the proof of concept for the new antifouling coating to successfully and sustainably prevent unwanted connectivity, it is an important milestone for in vitro neuroscience, enabling follow-up studies to engineer neurologically relevant networks. Furthermore, because PAcrAm-g-(PMOXA, NH2, Si) can be quickly applied and used with various surfaces and cell types, it is an attractive extension to the toolbox for in vitro biology and biomedical engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefanie Tanner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ning Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Rebecca Ritter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pompano RR, Chiang AH, Kastrup CJ, Ismagilov RF. Conceptual and Experimental Tools to Understand Spatial Effects and Transport Phenomena in Nonlinear Biochemical Networks Illustrated with Patchy Switching. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:333-356. [PMID: 28654324 PMCID: PMC10852032 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many biochemical systems are spatially heterogeneous and exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as state switching in response to small changes in the local concentration of diffusible molecules. Systems as varied as blood clotting, intracellular calcium signaling, and tissue inflammation are all heavily influenced by the balance of rates of reaction and mass transport phenomena including flow and diffusion. Transport of signaling molecules is also affected by geometry and chemoselective confinement via matrix binding. In this review, we use a phenomenon referred to as patchy switching to illustrate the interplay of nonlinearities, transport phenomena, and spatial effects. Patchy switching describes a change in the state of a network when the local concentration of a diffusible molecule surpasses a critical threshold. Using patchy switching as an example, we describe conceptual tools from nonlinear dynamics and chemical engineering that make testable predictions and provide a unifying description of the myriad possible experimental observations. We describe experimental microfluidic and biochemical tools emerging to test conceptual predictions by controlling transport phenomena and spatial distribution of diffusible signals, and we highlight the unmet need for in vivo tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904;
| | - Andrew H Chiang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637;
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Rustem F Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tu C, Huang B, Zhou J, Liang Y, Tian J, Ji L, Liang X, Ye X. A Microfluidic Chip for Cell Patterning Utilizing Paired Microwells and Protein Patterns. MICROMACHINES 2016. [PMCID: PMC6190266 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell patterning has been widely used in research on fundamental cell biology and in applications such as tissue engineering, neuron network formation, cell based biosensor and drug screening. Although various methods have been developed, cell patterning in an enclosed microfluidic device at single cell level remains challenging. This paper describes a microfluidic device with microwells and protein patterns paired together in a single microchannel for an easy cell patterning. Cells captured in the microwells were positioned directly onto the protein patterns within 5 min and the patterning performance was successfully demonstrated using HeLa cells and human gallbladder carcinoma cells (SGC-996). Cells survived for 6 days in the microchannel. Cell attachment, migration, proliferation and cell colony formation were observed. Our device is free of topographic constraint for the patterned cells and no complex chemical modification to the substrate is needed, offering a simple, fast, and easy-to-operate way of patterning cells at single cell level in an enclosed microfluidic channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bobo Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.J.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (C.T.); (B.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.T.)
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8795-2756
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gagan J, Fraze C, Stout DA. Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Bioprinting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 34337282 PMCID: PMC8320738 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have become a revived biotechnology that is beginning to expand the field of regenerative medicine. Although stem cells are capable of regenerating tissues, current research trends tend to side on developing fully functional organs and other clinical uses including in situ stem cell repair through three-dimensional printing methods. Through several tests and techniques, it can be shown that most stem cell printing methods are possible and that most tests come out with high cell viability. Furthermore, the importance of bioprinting is to benefit the field of regenerative medicine, which looks into artificial organ transplants for the thousands of patients without donors. Although the field is not brand new, understanding the integration and use of additive manufacturing with biomaterials is essential in developing fully functional organs. There is a heavy emphasis on the biomaterials themselves since they have a crucial role in creating an organ that is mechanically robust and adaptable in vivo. Covered in this review article are many featured tests, which also touch on the importance of including a biomaterial that is capable of maintaining a viable microenvironment. These include biomaterials such as hydrogels, biopolymers, and synthetic extra cellular matrices (ECM) built for stem cells to proliferate, differentiate, and give freedom to cell communication after printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah Gagan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Stout
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.,International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO) Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Amrollahi P, Shah B, Seifi A, Tayebi L. Recent advancements in regenerative dentistry: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1383-90. [PMID: 27612840 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although human mouth benefits from remarkable mechanical properties, it is very susceptible to traumatic damages, exposure to microbial attacks, and congenital maladies. Since the human dentition plays a crucial role in mastication, phonation and esthetics, finding promising and more efficient strategies to reestablish its functionality in the event of disruption has been important. Dating back to antiquity, conventional dentistry has been offering evacuation, restoration, and replacement of the diseased dental tissue. However, due to the limited ability and short lifespan of traditional restorative solutions, scientists have taken advantage of current advancements in medicine to create better solutions for the oral health field and have coined it "regenerative dentistry." This new field takes advantage of the recent innovations in stem cell research, cellular and molecular biology, tissue engineering, and materials science etc. In this review, the recently known resources and approaches used for regeneration of dental and oral tissues were evaluated using the databases of Scopus and Web of Science. Scientists have used a wide range of biomaterials and scaffolds (artificial and natural), genes (with viral and non-viral vectors), stem cells (isolated from deciduous teeth, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, adipose tissue, salivary glands, and dental follicle) and growth factors (used for stimulating cell differentiation) in order to apply tissue engineering approaches to dentistry. Although they have been successful in preclinical and clinical partial regeneration of dental tissues, whole-tooth engineering still seems to be far-fetched, unless certain shortcomings are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Amrollahi
- Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA
| | - Brinda Shah
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Amir Seifi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chiu YJ, Cai W, Shih YRV, Lian I, Lo YH. A Single-Cell Assay for Time Lapse Studies of Exosome Secretion and Cell Behaviors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3658-66. [PMID: 27254278 PMCID: PMC5023418 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the inhomogeneity of cells in biological systems, there is a growing demand on the capability of characterizing the properties of individual single cells. Since single-cell studies require continuous monitoring of the cell behaviors, an effective single-cell assay that can support time lapsed studies in a high throughput manner is desired. Most currently available single-cell technologies cannot provide proper environments to sustain cell growth and, proliferation of single cells and convenient, noninvasive tests of single-cell behaviors from molecular markers. Here, a highly versatile single-cell assay is presented that can accommodate different cellular types, enable easy and efficient single-cell loading and culturing, and be suitable for the study of effects of in vitro environmental factors in combination with drug screening. One salient feature of the assay is the noninvasive collection and surveying of single-cell secretions at different time points, producing unprecedented insight of single-cell behaviors based on the biomarker signals from individual cells under given perturbations. Above all, the acquired information is quantitative, for example, measured by the number of exosomes each single-cell secretes for a given time period. Therefore, our single-cell assay provides a convenient, low-cost, and enabling tool for quantitative, time lapsed studies of single-cell properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Chiu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yu-Ru V. Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ian Lian
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Lo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martinez V, Forró C, Weydert S, Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Guillaume-Gentil O, Zambelli T, Vörös J, Demkó L. Controlled single-cell deposition and patterning by highly flexible hollow cantilevers. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1663-1674. [PMID: 27046017 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell patterning represents a key approach to decouple and better understand the role and mechanisms of individual cells of a given population. In particular, the bottom-up approach of engineering neuronal circuits with a controlled topology holds immense promises to perceive the relationships between connectivity and function. In order to accommodate these efforts, highly flexible SU-8 cantilevers with integrated microchannels have been fabricated for both additive and subtractive patterning. By directly squeezing out single cells onto adhesive surfaces, controlled deposition with a spatial accuracy of 5 μm could be achieved, while subtractive patterning has been realized by selective removal of targeted single cells. Complex cell patterns were created on substrates pre-patterned with cell-adhesive and repulsive areas, preserving the original pattern geometry for long-term studies. For example, a circular loop with a diameter of 530 μm has been realized using primary hippocampal neurons, which were fully connected to their respective neighbors along the loop. Using the same cantilevers, the versatility of the technique has also been demonstrated via in situ modification of already mature neuronal cultures by both detaching individual cells of the population and adding fresh ones, incorporating them into the culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martinez
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang S, Cai X, Wang L, Li J, Li Q, Zuo X, Shi J, Huang Q, Fan C. DNA orientation-specific adhesion and patterning of living mammalian cells on self-assembled DNA monolayers. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2722-2727. [PMID: 28660047 PMCID: PMC5477012 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand cell behaviors on substrates, the precise control of density and orientation of cell-specific ligands remains a great challenge. In this study, we established an easy-to-use approach to manipulate the adhesion and patterning of mammalian cells on gold substrates. We prepared DNA self-assembled monolayers (DNA-SAMs) on gold substrates and found that the sequence-specific orientation of DNA-SAMs played an important role in modulating cell adhesion. We also found that the DNA-SAMs on gold substrates could be used as a potentially universal cell culture substrate, which showed properties similar to cationic polymers (e.g. poly-l lysine, PLL) substrates. Furthermore, we could manipulate cell adhesion by tuning the length of poly adenine (polyA) in the DNA sequence. We also prepared a DNA aptamer-based SAM to regulate cell adhesion by exploiting stimuli-responsive conformational change of the aptamer. By using the well-established DNA spotting technology, we patterned cells on DNA-SAMs to form a spot matrix and four English letters "CELL". Our findings suggest that DNA-SAMs on gold substrates are potentially useful for making smart surfaces for cell studies, thus introducing a new platform for cell/tissue engineering research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Jiye Shi
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
- UCB Pharma , Slough SL 1 3 WE , UK
| | - Qing Huang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center , Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility , CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201800 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim GY, Jeong HH, Lee CS, Roh C. Simple Fabrication of Adipocyte Cell Chip Using Micropatterning. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2016.54.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Zhao L, Ma C, Shen S, Tian C, Xu J, Tu Q, Li T, Wang Y, Wang J. Pneumatic microfluidics-based multiplex single-cell array. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:423-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
Precision assembly of complex cellular microenvironments using holographic optical tweezers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8577. [PMID: 25716032 PMCID: PMC4341216 DOI: 10.1038/srep08577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate study of cellular microenvironments is limited by the lack of technologies that can manipulate cells in 3D at a sufficiently small length scale. The ability to build and manipulate multicellular microscopic structures will facilitate a more detailed understanding of cellular function in fields such as developmental and stem cell biology. We present a holographic optical tweezers based technology to accurately generate bespoke cellular micro-architectures. Using embryonic stem cells, 3D structures of varying geometries were created and stabilized using hydrogels and cell-cell adhesion methods. Control of chemical microenvironments was achieved by the temporal release of specific factors from polymer microparticles positioned within these constructs. Complex co-culture micro-environmental analogues were also generated to reproduce structures found within adult stem cell niches. The application of holographic optical tweezers-based micromanipulation will enable novel insights into biological microenvironments by allowing researchers to form complex architectures with sub-micron precision of cells, matrices and molecules.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nahavandi S, Tang SY, Baratchi S, Soffe R, Nahavandi S, Kalantar-zadeh K, Mitchell A, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic platforms for the investigation of intercellular signalling mechanisms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4810-26. [PMID: 25238429 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular signalling has been identified as a highly complex process, responsible for orchestrating many physiological functions. While conventional methods of investigation have been useful, their limitations are impeding further development. Microfluidics offers an opportunity to overcome some of these limitations. Most notably, microfluidic systems can emulate the in-vivo environments. Further, they enable exceptionally precise control of the microenvironment, allowing complex mechanisms to be selectively isolated and studied in detail. There has thus been a growing adoption of microfluidic platforms for investigation of cell signalling mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the different signalling mechanisms and discusses the methods used to study them, with a focus on the microfluidic devices developed for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Unprecedented access to the biology of single cells is now feasible, enabled by recent technological advancements that allow us to manipulate and measure sparse samples and achieve a new level of resolution in space and time. This review focuses on advances in tools to study single cells for specific areas of biology. We examine both mature and nascent techniques to study single cells at the genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics level. In addition, we provide an overview of tools that are well suited for following biological responses to defined perturbations with single-cell resolution. Techniques to analyze and manipulate single cells through soluble and chemical ligands, the microenvironment, and cell-cell interactions are provided. For each of these topics, we highlight the biological motivation, applications, methods, recent advances, and opportunities for improvement. The toolbox presented in this review can function as a starting point for the design of single-cell experiments.
Collapse
|
32
|
El Muslemany KM, Twite AA, ElSohly AM, Obermeyer AC, Mathies RA, Francis MB. Photoactivated bioconjugation between ortho-azidophenols and anilines: a facile approach to biomolecular photopatterning. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12600-6. [PMID: 25171554 DOI: 10.1021/ja503056x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the surface patterning of small molecules and biomolecules can yield useful platforms for drug screening, synthetic biology applications, diagnostics, and the immobilization of live cells. However, new techniques are needed to achieve the ease, feature sizes, reliability, and patterning speed necessary for widespread adoption. Herein, we report an easily accessible and operationally simple photoinitiated reaction that can achieve patterned bioconjugation in a highly chemoselective manner. The reaction involves the photolysis of 2-azidophenols to generate iminoquinone intermediates that couple rapidly to aniline groups. We demonstrate the broad functional group compatibility of this reaction for the modification of proteins, polymers, oligonucleotides, peptides, and small molecules. As a specific application, the reaction was adapted for the photolithographic patterning of azidophenol DNA on aniline glass substrates. The presence of the DNA was confirmed by the ability of the surface to capture living cells bearing the sequence complement on their cell walls or cytoplasmic membranes. Compared to other light-based DNA patterning methods, this reaction offers higher speed and does not require the use of a photoresist or other blocking material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M El Muslemany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Satoh T, Sugiura S, Sumaru K, Ozaki S, Gomi S, Kurakazu T, Oshima Y, Kanamori T. Inverting microwell array chip for the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells with controlled aggregate size and geometrical arrangement. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:024112. [PMID: 24803961 PMCID: PMC4000399 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel cell culture chip, namely, "inverting microwell array chip," for cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. The chip comprises a lower hydrogel microwell array and an upper polystyrene culture surface. We demonstrate the formation of uniform cellular aggregates in the microwell array, and after inversion, a culture with controlled aggregate size and geometrical arrangement on the polystyrene surface. Here, we report effects of cell concentrations on a cultivation sequence in the chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Satoh
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kimio Sumaru
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Shigenori Ozaki
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Shinichi Gomi
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kurakazu
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oshima
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun Y, Yao Z, Lin P, Hou X, Chen L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory factor-induced dysfunction of INS-1 cells on chip. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:647-54. [PMID: 24449503 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using a microfluidic chip, we have investigated whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could ameliorate IL-1β/IFN-γ-induced dysfunction of INS-1 cells. BM-MSCs were obtained from diabetes mellitus patients and their cell surface antigen expression profiles were analyzed by flow cytometric. INS-1 cells were cocultured with BM-MSCs on a microfluidic chip with persistent perfusion of medium containing 1 ng/mL IL-1β and 2.5 U/mL IFN-γ for 72 h. BM-MSCs could partially rescue INS-1 cells from cytokine-induced dysfunction and ameliorate the expression of insulin and PDX-1 gene in INS-1 cells. Thus BM-MSCs can be viewed as a promising stem cell source to depress inflammatory factor-induced dysfunction of pancreatic β cells in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong P.R., China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
A unique live-cell printing technique, termed "Block-Cell-Printing" (BloC-Printing), allows for convenient, precise, multiplexed, and high-throughput printing of functional single-cell arrays. Adapted from woodblock printing techniques, the approach employs microfluidic arrays of hook-shaped traps to hold cells at designated positions and directly transfer the anchored cells onto various substrates. BloC-Printing has a minimum turnaround time of 0.5 h, a maximum resolution of 5 µm, close to 100% cell viability, the ability to handle multiple cell types, and efficiently construct protrusion-connected single-cell arrays. The approach enables the large-scale formation of heterotypic cell pairs with controlled morphology and allows for material transport through gap junction intercellular communication. When six types of breast cancer cells are allowed to extend membrane protrusions in the BloC-Printing device for 3 h, multiple biophysical characteristics of cells--including the protrusion percentage, extension rate, and cell length--are easily quantified and found to correlate well with their migration levels. In light of this discovery, BloC-Printing may serve as a rapid and high-throughput cell protrusion characterization tool to measure the invasion and migration capability of cancer cells. Furthermore, primary neurons are also compatible with BloC-Printing.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamahira S, Takasaki Y, Yamaguchi S, Sumaru K, Kanamori T, Nagamune T. Dynamic photochemical lipid micropatterning for manipulation of nonadherent mammalian cells. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 120:131-44. [PMID: 24484661 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417136-7.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell micropatterning methods with stimuli-responsive dynamic surfaces are getting a lot of attention in a wide variety of research fields, ranging from cell engineering to fundamental studies in cell biology. The surface of a slide coated with photo-cleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipid can be used to spatiotemporally control cell immobilization and release by light irradiation. On the basis of this surface, it is easy to design simple methods for making a fine micropattern of any kind of cell. Furthermore, target cells can be selectively and rapidly released from this surface by light irradiation. In this review, we first describe how to obtain the photo-cleavable PEG-lipid from commercially available compounds through a facile four-step synthesis. Next, as a cell-patterning method, the protocols of coating substrates with the PEG-lipid, irradiating a pattern of light onto the coated substrate, and loading cells onto the irradiated surface are described. These protocols require no expensive equipment and potentially apply to any substrates that can adsorb serum albumin or chemically expose amine moieties on their surfaces. Finally, as an advanced method, cell release from the PEG-lipid surface in microfluidic devices is introduced. We also discuss the advantages and the possible applications of the present dynamic cell-patterning method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamahira
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimio Sumaru
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Weaver WM, Tseng P, Kunze A, Masaeli M, Chung AJ, Dudani JS, Kittur H, Kulkarni RP, Di Carlo D. Advances in high-throughput single-cell microtechnologies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 25:114-23. [PMID: 24484889 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micro-scale biological tools that have allowed probing of individual cells--from the genetic, to proteomic, to phenotypic level--have revealed important contributions of single cells to direct normal and diseased body processes. In analyzing single cells, sample heterogeneity between and within specific cell types drives the need for high-throughput and quantitative measurement of cellular parameters. In recent years, high-throughput single-cell analysis platforms have revealed rare genetic subpopulations in growing tumors, begun to uncover the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and described the cell-to-cell variations in stem cell differentiation and immune cell response to activation by pathogens. This review surveys these recent technologies, presenting their strengths and contributions to the field, and identifies needs still unmet toward the development of high-throughput single-cell analysis tools to benefit life science research and clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Westbrook M Weaver
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Peter Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Mahdokht Masaeli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jaideep S Dudani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Harsha Kittur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin J, Xing Y, Xi Y, Liu X, Zhou T, Ma X, Yang Z, Wang S, Liu D. A triggered DNA hydrogel cover to envelop and release single cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4714-4717. [PMID: 23836697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We develop an enzyme-triggered permeable DNA hydrogel cover to envelop and release single cells in microwells. The porous structure of the DNA hydrogel allows nutrients and waste to pass through, leading to a cell viability as high as 98%. The design provides a general method to culture, monitor, and manipulate single cells, and has potential applications in cell patterning and studying cell communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectrics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China, Fax: +86-10-62796082; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Donnelly PE, Jones CM, Bandini SB, Singh S, Schwartz J, Schwarzbauer JE. A Simple Nanoscale Interface Directs Alignment of a Confluent Cell Layer on Oxide and Polymer Surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3553-3561. [PMID: 23936630 PMCID: PMC3735232 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Templating of cell spreading and proliferation is described that yields confluent layers of cells aligned across an entire two-dimensional surface. The template is a reactive, two-component interface that is synthesized in three steps in nanometer thick, micron-scaled patterns on silicon and on several biomaterial polymers. In this method, a volatile zirconium alkoxide complex is first deposited at reduced pressure onto a surface pattern that is prepared by photolithography; the substrate is then heated to thermolyze the organic ligands to form surface-bound zirconium oxide patterns. The thickness of this oxide layer ranges from 10 to 70 nanometers, which is controlled by alkoxide complex deposition time. The oxide layer is treated with 1,4-butanediphosphonic acid to give a monolayer pattern whose composition and spatial conformity to the photolithographic mask are determined spectroscopically. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attach and spread in alignment with the pattern without constraint by physical means or by arrays of cytophilic and cytophobic molecules. Cell alignment with the pattern is maintained as cells grow to form a confluent monolayer across the entire substrate surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This review surveys selected methods of manufacture and applications of microdevices-miniaturized functional devices capable of handling cell and tissue cultures or producing particles-and discusses their potential relevance to nanomedicine. Many characteristics of microdevices such as miniaturization, increased throughput, and the ability to mimic organ-specific microenvironments are promising for the rapid, low-cost evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of nanomaterials. Their potential to accurately reproduce the physiological environments that occur in vivo could reduce dependence on animal models in pharmacological testing. Technologies in microfabrications and microfluidics are widely applicable for nanomaterial synthesis and for the development of diagnostic devices. Although the use of microdevices in nanomedicine is still in its infancy, these technologies show promise for enhancing fundamental and applied research in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michinao Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Song W, Kawazoe N, Chen G. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by controlled cell-cell interaction on micropatterned surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3388-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Wei Song
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hosseinkhani M, Shirazi R, Rajaei F, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadi N, Abbasi M. Engineering of the embryonic and adult stem cell niches. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:83-92. [PMID: 23682319 PMCID: PMC3652509 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stem cells have the potential to generate a renewable source of cells for regenerative medicine due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate to various functional cell types of the adult organism. The extracellular microenvironment plays a pivotal role in controlling stem cell fate responses. Therefore, identification of appropriate environmental stimuli that supports cellular proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation is critical for the clinical application of the stem cell therapies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Traditional methods for stem cells culture offer limited manipulation and control of the extracellular microenvironment. Micro engineering approaches are emerging as powerful tools to control stem cell-microenvironment interactions and for performing high-throughput stem cell experiments. RESULTS In this review, we provided an overview of the application of technologies such as surface micropatterning, microfluidics, and engineered biomaterials for directing stem cell behavior and determining the molecular cues that regulate cell fate decisions. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells have enormous potential for therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications, because they can give rise to various cell types. Despite their therapeutic potential, many challenges, including the lack of control of the stem cell microenvironment remain. Thus, a greater understanding of stem cell biology that can be used to expand and differentiate embryonic and adult stem cells in a directed manner offers great potential for tissue repair and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseinkhani
- Department of Anatomy, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohsen Hosseinkhani, Department of Anatomy, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188274683, Fax: +98-2188274683, E-mail:
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Department of Anatomy, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Anatomy, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
| | - Navid Mohammadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Abbasi
- Department of Rheumatology, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Efremov AN, Stanganello E, Welle A, Scholpp S, Levkin PA. Micropatterned superhydrophobic structures for the simultaneous culture of multiple cell types and the study of cell–cell communication. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1757-63. [PMID: 23228425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
44
|
Polonsky M, Zaretsky I, Friedman N. Dynamic single-cell measurements of gene expression in primary lymphocytes: challenges, tools and prospects. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 12:99-108. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/els061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
45
|
Zaretsky I, Polonsky M, Shifrut E, Reich-Zeliger S, Antebi Y, Aidelberg G, Waysbort N, Friedman N. Monitoring the dynamics of primary T cell activation and differentiation using long term live cell imaging in microwell arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5007-15. [PMID: 23072772 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Methods that allow monitoring of individual cells over time, using live cell imaging, are essential for studying dynamical cellular processes in heterogeneous cell populations such as primary T lymphocytes. However, applying single cell time-lapse microscopy to study activation and differentiation of these cells was limited due to a number of reasons. First, primary naïve T cells are non-adherent and become highly motile upon activation through their antigen receptor. Second, CD4(+) T cell differentiation is a relatively slow process which takes 3-4 days. As a result, long-term dynamic monitoring of individual cells during the course of activation and differentiation is challenging as cells rapidly escape out of the microscope field of view. Here we present and characterize a platform which enables capture and growth of primary T lymphocytes with minimal perturbation, allowing for long-term monitoring of cell activation and differentiation. We use standard cell culture plates combined with PDMS based arrays containing thousands of deep microwells in which primary CD4(+) T cells are trapped and activated by antigen coated microbeads. We demonstrate that this system allows for live cell imaging of individual T cells for up to 72 h, providing quantitative data on cell proliferation and death times. In addition, we continuously monitor dynamics of gene expression in those cells, of either intracellular proteins using cells from transgenic mice expressing fluorescent reporter proteins, or cell surface proteins using fluorescently labeled antibodies. Finally, we show how intercellular interactions between different cell types can be investigated using our device. This system provides a new platform in which dynamical processes and intercellular interactions within heterogeneous populations of primary T cells can be studied at the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zaretsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cell-Based Biosensors: Electrical Sensing in Microfluidic Devices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2012; 2:83-96. [PMID: 26859401 PMCID: PMC4665553 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors provide new horizons for medical diagnostics by adopting complex recognition elements such as mammalian cells in microfluidic devices that are simple, cost efficient and disposable. This combination renders possible a new range of applications in the fields of diagnostics and personalized medicine. The review looks at the most recent developments in cell-based biosensing microfluidic systems with electrical and electrochemical transduction, and relevance to medical diagnostics.
Collapse
|
47
|
Poudel I, Menter DE, Lim JY. Directing cell function and fate via micropatterning: Role of cell patterning size, shape, and interconnectivity. Biomed Eng Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-012-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
48
|
Mao S, Gao D, Liu W, Wei H, Lin JM. Imitation of drug metabolism in human liver and cytotoxicity assay using a microfluidic device coupled to mass spectrometric detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:219-26. [PMID: 22094544 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a microfluidic device for the imitation of drug metabolism in human liver and its cytotoxicity on cells. The integrated microfluidic device consists of three sections: (1) bioreactors containing poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel encapsulated human liver microsomes (HLMs); (2) cell culture chambers for cytotoxicity assay; and (3) integrated micro solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns to desalt and concentrate the products of enzymatic reaction. To verify the feasibility of the integrated microchip, we studied uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) metabolism of acetaminophen (AP) and the cytotoxicity of products on HepG2 cells. The products of the reaction in one region of the device were injected into the cell culture chamber for cytotoxicity assay, while those in another region were directly detected online with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-Q-TOF MS) after micro-SPE pre-treatment. Semiquantitative analysis achieved in the experiments could be related to the drug-induced HepG2 cell cytotoxicity. Total analysis time for one product was about 30 min and only less than 4 μg HLM protein was required for one reaction region. The results demonstrated that the established platform could be used to imitate drug metabolism occurring in the human liver, thereby replacing animal experiments in the near future. In addition, the integrated microchip will be a useful tool for drug metabolism studies and cytotoxicity assays, which are pivotal in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Method and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Przybyla L, Voldman J. Probing embryonic stem cell autocrine and paracrine signaling using microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:293-315. [PMID: 22524217 PMCID: PMC4030416 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although stem cell fate is traditionally manipulated by exogenously altering the cells' extracellular signaling environment, the endogenous autocrine and paracrine signals produced by the cells also contribute to their two essential processes: self-renewal and differentiation. Autocrine and/or paracrine signals are fundamental to both embryonic stem cell self-renewal and early embryonic development, but the nature and contributions of these signals are often difficult to fully define using conventional methods. Microfluidic techniques have been used to explore the effects of cell-secreted signals by controlling cell organization or by providing precise control over the spatial and temporal cellular microenvironment. Here we review how such techniques have begun to be adapted for use with embryonic stem cells, and we illustrate how many remaining questions in embryonic stem cell biology could be addressed using microfluidic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laralynne Przybyla
- Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| | - Joel Voldman
- Dept. Of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|