1
|
Couoh LR, Bucio L, Ruvalcaba JL, Manoel B, Tang T, Gourrier A, Grandfield K. Tooth acellular extrinsic fibre cementum incremental lines in humans are formed by parallel branched Sharpey's fibres and not by its mineral phase. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108084. [PMID: 38479547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the growth pattern of the acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) has been useful to estimate the age-at-death. However, the structural organization behind such a pattern remains poorly understood. In this study tooth cementum from seven individuals from a Mexican modern skeletal series were analyzed with the aim of unveiling the AEFC collagenous and mineral structure using multimodal imaging approaches. The organization of collagen fibres was first determined using: light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron tomography, and plasma FIB scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography. The mineral properties were then investigated using: synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for T-parameter (correlation length between mineral particles); synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for L-parameter (mineral crystalline domain size estimation), alignment parameter (crystals preferred orientation) and lattice parameters a and c; as well as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for spatial distribution of calcium, phosphorus and zinc. Results show that Sharpey's fibres branched out fibres that cover and uncover other collagen bundles forming aligned arched structures that are joined by these same fibres but in a parallel fashion. The parallel fibres are not set as a continuum on the same plane and when they are superimposed project the AEFC incremental lines due to the collagen birefringence. The orientation of the apatite crystallites is subject to the arrangement of the collagen fibres, and the obtained parameter values along with the elemental distribution maps, revealed this mineral tissue as relatively homogeneous. Therefore, no intrinsic characteristics of the mineral phase could be associated with the alternating AEFC incremental pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes R Couoh
- Dirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Paseo de la Reforma y Gandhi, Chapultepec Polanco 11560, CDMX, México.
| | - Lauro Bucio
- Laboratorio de Cristalofísica y Materiales Naturales, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - José Luis Ruvalcaba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Britta Manoel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000, Grenoble, France; Bruker AXS Advanced X-ray Solutions GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weiner S, Shahar R. Vertebrate mineralized tissues: A modular structural analysis. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:1-12. [PMID: 38561073 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrate mineralized tissues, present in bones, teeth and scales, have complex 3D hierarchical structures. As more of these tissues are characterized in 3D using mainly FIB SEM at a resolution that reveals the mineralized collagen fibrils and their organization into collagen fibril bundles, highly complex and diverse structures are being revealed. In this perspective we propose an approach to analyzing these tissues based on the presence of modular structures: material textures, pore shapes and sizes, as well as extents of mineralization. This modular approach is complimentary to the widely used hierarchical approach for describing these mineralized tissues. We present a series of case studies that show how some of the same structural modules can be found in different mineralized tissues, including in bone, dentin and scales. The organizations in 3D of the various structural modules in different tissues may differ. This approach facilitates the framing of basic questions such as: are the spatial relations between modular structures the same or similar in different mineralized tissues? Do tissues with similar sets of modules carry out similar functions or can similar functions be carried out using a different set of modular structures? Do mineralized tissues with similar sets of modules have a common developmental or evolutionary pathway? STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D organization studies of diverse vertebrate mineralized tissues are revealing detailed, but often confusing details about the material textures, the arrangements of pores and differences in the extent of mineralization within a tissue. The widely used hierarchical scheme for describing such organizations does not adequately provide a basis for comparing these tissues, or addressing issues such as structural components thought to be characteristic of bone, being present in dermal tissues and so on. The classification scheme we present is based on identifying structural components within a tissue that can then be systematically compared to other vertebrate mineralized tissues. We anticipate that this classification approach will provide insights into structure-function relations, as well as the evolution of these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Weiner
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Ron Shahar
- Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alam MK, Sahadat Hossain M, Kawsar M, Bahadur NM, Ahmed S. Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite using emulsion, pyrolysis, combustion, and sonochemical methods and biogenic sources: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3548-3559. [PMID: 38259993 PMCID: PMC10801447 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is comparable to materials in bone because its chemical components are similar to those contained in animal bone, and thus, its bioactive and biocompatible properties are similar. There are applications for HAp and relevant calcium phosphate in the medical and industrial sectors, and due to the rising demand for HAp nanoparticles, considerable work has been performed to develop a variety of synthetic pathways that incorporate scientifically and practically novel aspects. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine how changes in reaction parameters will successfully influence crucial HAp features. HAp can also be synthesized from biogenic sources such as HAp-rich fish scales or animal bones as an alternative to chemical precursors. Various preparation techniques produce crystals with varying sizes, but it has been found that nano-sized HAp exhibits a greater number of bioactive properties as compared to micron-sized HAp. Rather than considering conventional methods, this review focuses on alternative approaches such as emulsion, pyrolysis, combustion, and sonochemical methods along with waste bio-sources (biogenic sources) to obtain HAp. We summarize the currently accessible information pertaining to each synthesis process, while also focusing on their benefits and drawbacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawcher Alam
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahadat Hossain
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawsar
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Samina Ahmed
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
- BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai J, Moradian-Oldak J. Triple Function of Amelogenin Peptide-Chitosan Hydrogel for Dentin Repair. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1434-1443. [PMID: 37880947 PMCID: PMC10767697 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231198228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic strategies like peptide-guided collagen mineralization promise to enhance the effectiveness of dentin remineralization. We recently reported that rationally designed amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 promoted apatite nucleation, mineralized collagen, and showed potential in enamel regrowth and dentin remineralization. To facilitate the clinical application of amelogenin-derived peptides and to uncover their effectiveness in repairing dentin, we have now implemented a chitosan (CS) hydrogel for peptide delivery and have investigated the effects of P26-CS and P32-CS hydrogels on dentin remineralization using 2 in situ experimental models that exhibited different levels of demineralization. The efficacy of the peptide-CS hydrogels in dentin repair was evaluated by characterizing the microstructure, mineral density, mineral phase, and nanomechanical properties of the remineralized samples. The new strategy of atomic force microscopy PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping was used for direct visualization and nanomechanical analysis of repaired dentin lesions across the lesion depth. Results from the 2 models indicated the potential triple functions of peptide-CS hydrogels for dentin repair: building a highly organized protective mineralized layer on dentin, occluding dentinal tubules by peptide-guided in situ mineralization, and promoting biomimetic dentinal collagen remineralization. Importantly, peptides released from the CS hydrogel could diffuse into the dentinal matrix and penetrate the dentinal tubules, leading to both surface and subsurface remineralization and tubule occlusion. Given our previous findings on peptide-CS hydrogels' potential for remineralizing enamel, we see further promise for hydrogels to treat tooth defects involving multiple hard tissues, as in the case of noncarious cervical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Acharjee D, Mandal S, Samanta SK, Roy M, Kundu B, Roy S, Basak P, Nandi SK. In Vitro and In Vivo Bone Regeneration Assessment of Titanium-Doped Waste Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite in the Animal Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4673-4685. [PMID: 37399249 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffold was produced from two different sources (natural eggshell and laboratory-grade reagents) to compare the efficacy of natural and synthetic resources of HAp materials on new bone regeneration. This comparative study also reports the effect of Ti doping on the physical, mechanical, and in vitro as well as in vivo biological properties of the HAp scaffold. Pellets were prepared in the conventional powder metallurgy route, compacted, and sintered at 900 °C, showing sufficient porosity for bony ingrowth. The physical-mechanical characterizations were performed by density, porosity evaluation, XRD, FTIR, SEM analysis, and hardness measurement. In vitro interactions were evaluated by bactericidal assay, hemolysis, MTT assay, and interaction with simulated body fluid. All categories of pellets showed absolute nonhemolytic and nontoxic character. Furthermore, significant apatite formation was observed on the Ti-doped HAp samples in the simulated body fluid immersion study. The developed porous pellets were implanted to assess the bone defect healing in the femoral condyle of healthy rabbits. A 2 month study after implantation showed no marked inflammatory reaction for any samples. Radiological analysis, histological analysis, SEM analysis, and oxytetracycline labeling studies depicted better invasion of mature osseous tissue in the pores of doped eggshell-derived HAp scaffolds as compared to the undoped HAp, and laboratory-made samples. Quantification using oxytetracycline labeling depicted 59.31 ± 1.89% new bone formation for Ti-doped eggshell HAp as compared to Ti-doped pure HAp (54.41 ± 1.93) and other undoped samples. Histological studies showed the presence of abundant osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells in Ti-doped eggshell HAp in contrast to other samples. Radiological and SEM data also showed similar results. The results indicated that Ti-doped biosourced HAp samples have good biocompatibility, new bone-forming ability, and could be used as a bone grafting material in orthopedic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Acharjee
- School of Bioscience & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sujan Krishna Samanta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- Department of Bioceramic and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sukumar Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bing-Shuai ZHOU, Shi-Han XU, Song-Tao HU, Li-Heng SUN, Jie-Kai LYU, Rui SUN, Wei LIU, Xue BAI, Lin XU, Lin WANG, Bing HAN, Biao DONG. Recent progress of upconversion nanoparticles in the treatment and detection of various diseases. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Epple M, Enax J, Meyer F. Prevention of Caries and Dental Erosion by Fluorides-A Critical Discussion Based on Physico-Chemical Data and Principles. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35049604 PMCID: PMC8774499 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion is a common problem in dentistry. It is defined as the loss of tooth mineral by the attack of acids that do not result from caries. From a physico-chemical point of view, the nature of the corroding acids only plays a minor role. A protective effect of fluorides, to prevent caries and dental erosion, is frequently claimed in the literature. The proposed modes of action of fluorides include, for example, the formation of an acid-resistant fluoride-rich surface layer and a fluoride-induced surface hardening of the tooth surface. We performed a comprehensive literature study on the available data on the interaction between fluoride and tooth surfaces (e.g., by toothpastes or mouthwashes). These data are discussed in the light of general chemical considerations on fluoride incorporation and the acid solubility of teeth. The analytical techniques available to address this question are presented and discussed with respect to their capabilities. In summary, the amount of fluoride that is incorporated into teeth is very low (a few µg mm-2), and is unlikely to protect a tooth against an attack by acids, be it from acidic agents (erosion) or from acid-producing cariogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ngo HX, Bai Y, Sha J, Ishizuka S, Toda E, Osako R, Kato A, Morioka R, Ramanathan M, Tatsumi H, Okui T, Kanno T. A Narrative Review of u-HA/PLLA, a Bioactive Resorbable Reconstruction Material: Applications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:150. [PMID: 35009297 PMCID: PMC8746248 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advent of bioresorbable materials to overcome limitations and replace traditional bone-reconstruction titanium-plate systems for bone fixation, thus achieving greater efficiency and safety in medical and dental applications, has ushered in a new era in biomaterial development. Because of its bioactive osteoconductive ability and biocompatibility, the forged composite of uncalcined/unsintered hydroxyapatite and poly L-lactic acid (u-HA/PLLA) has attracted considerable interest from researchers in bone tissue engineering, as well as from clinicians, particularly for applications in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Thus, various in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and weaknesses of this biomaterial in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Various technical improvements have been proposed to optimize its advantages and limit its disadvantages. This narrative review presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of u-HA/PLLA, a bioactive osteoconductive and bioresorbable bone-reconstruction and -fixation material, in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery, notably maxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery, and maxillofacial reconstruction. It simultaneously introduces new trends in the development of bioresorbable materials that could used in this field. Various studies have shown the superiority of u-HA/PLLA, a third-generation bioresorbable biomaterial with high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactive osteoconductivity, compared to other bioresorbable materials. Future developments may focus on controlling its bioactivity and biodegradation rate and enhancing its mechanical strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (H.X.N.); (Y.B.); (J.S.); (S.I.); (E.T.); (R.O.); (A.K.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akabane C, Pabisch S, Wagermaier W, Roschger A, Tobori N, Okano T, Murakami S, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. The effect of aging on the nanostructure of murine alveolar bone and dentin. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:757-768. [PMID: 33839951 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar bone, dentin, and cementum provide a striking example of structurally different collagen-based mineralized tissues separated only by periodontal ligament. While alveolar bone is strongly remodeled, this does not hold for dentin and cementum. However, additional dentin can be deposited on the inner surface of the pulp chamber also in older age. By investigating alveolar bone and molar of mice, the aim of our study is to detect changes in the mineral nanostructure with aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Buccal-lingual sections of the mandible and first molar from C57BL/6 mice of three different age groups (young 5 weeks, adult 22 weeks and old 23 months) were characterized using synchrotron small and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Local average thickness and length of the apatite particles were mapped with several line scans covering the alveolar bone and the tooth. RESULTS In alveolar bone, a spatial gradient was seen to develop with age with the thickest and longest particles in the distal part of the bone. The mineral particles in dentin were found to be become thicker, but then decrease of average length from adult to old animals. The mineral particle characteristics of dentin close to the pulp chamber were not only different to the rest of the tooth, but also when comparing the different age groups and even between individual animals in the same age group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that mineral particle characteristics were found to evolve differently between molar and alveolar bone as a function of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Akabane
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Silvia Pabisch
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Norio Tobori
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Okano
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Daood U, Aati S, Akram Z, Yee J, Yong C, Parolia A, Lin Seow L, Fawzy AS. Characterization of multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and tooth dentin: the effect on matrix-metalloproteinases, bacterial biofilms and biological properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5344-5358. [PMID: 34190236 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize multiscale interactions between high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and dentin collagen and associated matrix-metalloproteinases, in addition to the analysis of the effect of HIFU on bacterial biofilms and biological properties. Dentin specimens were subjected to 5, 10 or 20 s HIFU. XPS spectra were acquired and TEM was performed on dentin slabs. Collagen orientation was performed using Raman spectroscopy. Calcium measurements in human dental pulpal cells (hDPCs) were carried out after 7 and 14 days. For macrophages, CD36+ and CD163+ were analysed. Biofilms were analyzed using CLSM. Tandem mass spectroscopy was performed for the detection of hydroxyproline sequences along with human MMP-2 quantification. Phosphorus, calcium, and nitrogen were detected in HIFU specimens. TEM images demonstrated the collagen network appearing to be fused together in the HIFU 10 and 20 s specimens. The band associated with 960 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching ν1 PO43-. The control specimens showed intensive calcium staining followed by HIFU 20 s > HIFU 10 s > HIFU 5 s specimens. Macrophages in the HIFU specimens co-expressed CD80+ and CD163+ cells. CLSM images showed the HIFU treatment inhibiting bacterial growth. SiteScore propensity determined the effect of HIFU on the binding site with a higher DScore representing better site exposure on MMPs. Multiscale mapping of dentin collagen after HIFU treatment showed no deleterious alterations on the organic structure of dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Joyce Yee
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Celine Yong
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Babaie E, Bacino M, White J, Nurrohman H, Marshall GW, Saeki K, Habelitz S. Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) remineralization of artificial and natural dentin carious lesions evaluated by nanoindentation and microcomputed tomography. J Dent 2021; 109:103659. [PMID: 33836248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study evaluates the efficacy to remineralize artificial and natural dentin lesions through restorative dental procedures that include the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) method comprising polyaspartic acid (pAsp). METHODS Novel ionomeric cement compositions based on bioglass 45S5 and pAsp mixtures, as well as conditioning solutions (conditioner) containing 5 mg/mL pAsp, were developed and tested on demineralized dentin blocks (3-4 mm thick) on shallow and deep lesions with the thickness of 140 μm ± 50 and 700 μm ± 50, respectively. In the first treatment group, 20 μL of conditioner was applied to demineralized shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) lesion specimens for 20 s before restoration with glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). For the PILP cement treatment group, cement was applied onto the wet surface of the demineralized specimen for both shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) artificial lesions after the application of the conditioner and before the final restoration. Sample groups were compared to RMGIC restoration, for both shallow and deep lesions (n = 3 each) and treatments in PILP-solution (n = 3 for deep lesions) without restoration for 4 weeks. All of the restored specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 2 weeks and 4 weeks for shallow and deep lesions respectively to allow for remineralization. The artificial lesion specimens were evaluated for changes in the nanomechanical profile (E-modulus and hardness) using nanoindentation. Shallow lesions were analyzed by SEM under vacuum for changes in morphology caused by PILP treatments. Also, a pilot study on human third molars with moderate lesions in dentin (n = 3) was initiated to test the efficacy of treatments in natural lesions based on mineral densities using microcomputed tomography (μCT) at 0, 1, and 3 months. RESULTS This study showed that functional remineralization of artificial lesions using PILP-releasing restoratives occurred, indicated by an increase of the elastic modulus in shallow lesions and in the middle zone of deep artificial lesions. The mechanical improvement was significant when compared to RMGIC restoration without pAsp (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, recovery across artificial lesions was most significant when specimens were immersed into PILP-solution with restorative (P < 0.01). Furthermore, natural lesions increased in mineral volume content to a higher degree when the restorative treatment included the PILP-method (P < 0.05). However, none of the natural lesions recovered to full mineral degree regardless of the treatments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSION These findings indicate the benefit of PILP applications in the functional repair of dentin caries and illustrate the challenge to integrate the PILP-method into a restorative approach in minimally invasive dental procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Babaie
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margôt Bacino
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel White
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Grayson W Marshall
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kuniko Saeki
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abuna G, Campos P, Hirashi N, Giannini M, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Coelho Sinhoreti MA, Geraldeli S. The ability of a nanobioglass-doped self-etching adhesive to re-mineralize and bond to artificially demineralized dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 37:120-130. [PMID: 33229040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To a self-etch adhesive doped with nano-bioglass and evaluate its ability to bond and re-mineralize artificially demineralized dentin. METHODS Experimental Si, Ca, Na and PO4 based nanobioglass particles were synthesized, doped into experimental self-etch adhesives, and divided into 3 groups: Clearfi SE2 (CSE2), experimental (EXC), and experimental doped with 10% of nanobioglass (ExNB). The adhesives were applied onto the caries-affected dentin (chemically simulated), and evaluated after 24 h and 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. The remineralization process was assessed using optical coherence tomography, nanoindentation, in situ zymography, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, μ-tensile bond strength, and pH buffer. RESULTS The addition of nanobioglass particles into the experimental self-etch adhesives altered the μTBS in the short-term jeopardizing dentin bonding properties, when compared to the non-doped self-etch adhesive. The remineralization recovered the nanohardness, and volume lost by caries lesion (p = 0.02). Moreover, reduced the enzymatic activity (p = 1.24E-4) and formed new crystals within of the hybrid layer. CONCLUSION The use of nanobioglass was efficient to recover the properties of a caries affected dentin. Furthermore, the adhesive properties were not hampered and the probabilistic reliability increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Abuna
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; General Dentistry Department, Division of Biomedical Materials, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Paulo Campos
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noriko Hirashi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Funtional Science and Rehabiltation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- General Dentistry Department, Division of Biomedical Materials, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curcumin-encased hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as novel biomaterials for antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer applications: A perspective of nano-based drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Fleck C, Burke M, Ganzosch G, Müller C, Currey JD, Zaslansky P. Breaking crown dentine in whole teeth: 3D observations of prevalent fracture patterns following overload. Bone 2020; 132:115178. [PMID: 31816420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Teeth with intact crowns rarely split or fracture, despite decades of cyclic loading and occasional unexpected overload. This is largely attributed to the presence of dentine, since cracking and fracture of enamel have been frequently reported. Dentine is similar to bone, comprising mineralised collagen fibres as a main constituent. Unlike cortical bone, however, where microcracking and damage arrest are essential for re/modelling and healing, dentine can neither remodel nor regenerate. This raises questions regarding the evolutionary benefits of toughening, leading to uncertainty whether cracks actually appear in dentine in situ. Here we study the notion that circumpulpal dentine is usually protected against, rather than damaged by severe overloads, even though it is not much more massive or stronger than it needs to be. To address this, we examined hydrated teeth still within whole jawbones of freshly-slaughtered skeletally mature pigs, mechanically loaded until fracture. Force displacement curves, optical and electron microscopy combined with 3D microstructural analysis by conventional micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed mostly brittle fracture paths in circumpulpal crown dentine. Once overload cracks reach this mass of dentine they propagate rapidly along straight paths often parallel to the enamel flanks of the oblong shovel shaped premolars. We find infrequent signs of active toughening mechanisms with minimal crack diversion, ligament bridging and microcracking. When such toughening is seen, it mainly appears in softer dentine in the root, or near the dentine-enamel-junction (DEJ) in mantle dentine. We observed shear bands in overloaded circumpulpal dentine, due to mutual gliding of upper and lower segments. These shear bands are formed as periodic arrays of rotated dentine fragments. The 3D data consistently demonstrate the importance of the layered tooth structure, containing a stiff outer enamel shell, a soft sub-DEJ interlayer and a stiff circumpulpal dentine bulk, for deflecting cracks from splitting the tooth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fleck
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Str. des 17. Juni 136 - Sekr. EB13, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Burke
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Str. des 17. Juni 136 - Sekr. EB13, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14297 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Ganzosch
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Mechanics, Chair of Continuum Mechanics and Materials Theory, Einsteinufer 5 - Sekr. MS2, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Technologies, Str. des 17. Juni 136 - Sekr. EB13, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - John D Currey
- The University of York, Department of Biology, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14297 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thompson VP. The tooth: An analogue for biomimetic materials design and processing. Dent Mater 2020; 36:25-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
17
|
Nagamine F, Matsunaga S, Kasahara N, Ishikawa N, Abe S, Hashimoto M. Estimating Living Age Using Stable Isotopes in Japanese Radicular Dentin. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Nagamine
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Norio Kasahara
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masatsugu Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Tokyo Dental College
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nicolas JD, Aeffner S, Salditt T. Radiation damage studies in cardiac muscle cells and tissue using microfocused X-ray beams: experiment and simulation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:980-990. [PMID: 31274419 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials are easily affected by radiation damage from intense, focused synchrotron beams, often limiting the use of scanning diffraction experiments to radiation-resistant samples. To minimize radiation damage in experiments on soft tissue and thus to improve data quality, radiation damage needs to be studied as a function of the experimental parameters. Here, the impact of radiation damage in scanning X-ray diffraction experiments on hydrated cardiac muscle cells and tissue is investigated. It is shown how the small-angle diffraction signal is affected by radiation damage upon variation of scan parameters and dose. The experimental study was complemented by simulations of dose distributions for microfocused X-ray beams in soft muscle tissue. As a simulation tool, the Monte Carlo software package EGSnrc was used that is widely used in radiation dosimetry research. Simulations also give additional guidance for a more careful planning of dose distribution in tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan David Nicolas
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Röntgenphysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Aeffner
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Röntgenphysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Röntgenphysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhong J, Chen J, Weinkamer R, Darendeliler MA, Swain MV, Sue A, Zheng K, Li Q. In vivo effects of different orthodontic loading on root resorption and correlation with mechanobiological stimulus in periodontal ligament. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190108. [PMID: 31039696 PMCID: PMC6544889 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic root resorption is a common side effect of orthodontic therapy. It has been shown that high hydrostatic pressure in the periodontal ligament (PDL) generated by orthodontic forces will trigger recruitment of odontoclasts, leaving resorption craters on root surfaces. The patterns of resorption craters are the traces of odontoclast activity. This study aimed to investigate resorptive patterns by: (i) quantifying spatial root resorption under two different levels of in vivo orthodontic loadings using microCT imaging techniques and (ii) correlating the spatial distribution pattern of resorption craters with the induced mechanobiological stimulus field in PDL through nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA) in silico. Results indicated that the heavy force led to a larger total resorption volume than the light force, mainly by presenting greater individual crater volumes ( p < 0.001) than increasing crater numbers, suggesting that increased mechano-stimulus predominantly boosted cellular resorption activity rather than recruiting more odontoclasts. Furthermore, buccal-cervical and lingual-apical regions in both groups were found to have significantly larger resorption volumes than other regions ( p < 0.005). These clinical observations are complemented by the FEA results, suggesting that root resorption was more likely to occur when the volume average compressive hydrostatic pressure exceeded the capillary blood pressure (4.7 kPa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junning Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Ali Darendeliler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Orthodontics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael V. Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Orthodontics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrian Sue
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keke Zheng
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hesse B, Stier D, Cotte M, Forien JB, Zaslansky P. Polarization induced contrast X-ray fluorescence at submicrometer resolution reveals nanometer apatite crystal orientations across entire tooth sections. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:18-28. [PMID: 30775080 PMCID: PMC6363201 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For biomedical research, successful imaging of calcified microstructures often relies on absorption differences between features, or on employing dies with selective affinity to areas of interest. When texture is concerned, e.g. for crystal orientation studies, polarization induced contrast is of particular interest. This requires sufficient interaction of the incoming radiation with the volume of interest in the sample to produce orientation-based contrast. Here we demonstrate polarization induced contrast at the calcium K-edge using submicron sized monochromatic synchrotron X-ray beams. We exploit the orientation dependent subtle absorption differences of hydroxyl-apatite crystals in teeth, with respect to the polarization field of the beam. Interaction occurs with the fully mineralized samples, such that differences in density do not contribute to the contrast. Our results show how polarization induced contrast X-ray fluorescence mapping at specific energies of the calcium K-edge reveals the micrometer and submicrometer crystal arrangements in human tooth tissues. This facilitates combining both high spatial resolution and large fields of view, achieved in relatively short acquisition times in reflection geometry. In enamel we observe the varying crystal orientations of the micron sized prisms exposed on our prepared surface. We easily reproduce crystal orientation maps, typically observed in polished thin sections. We even reveal maps of submicrometer mineralization fronts in spherulites in intertubular dentine. This Ca K-edge polarization sensitive method (XRF-PIC) does not require thin samples for transmission nor extensive sample preparation. It can be used on both fresh, moist samples as well as fossilized samples where the information of interests lies in the crystal orientations and where the crystalline domains extend several micrometers beneath the exposed surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Hesse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Stier
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Forien
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6 Berlin 14197, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Seknazi E, Pokroy B. Residual Strain and Stress in Biocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707263. [PMID: 29766594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of residual strains within a material is a valuable engineering technique for increasing the material's strength and toughness. Residual strains occur naturally in some biominerals and are an important feature that is recently highlighted in biomineral studies. Here, manifestations of internal residual strains detected in biominerals are reviewed. The mechanisms by which they develop, as well as their impact on the biominerals' mechanical properties, are described. The question as to whether they can be utilized in multiscale strengthening and toughening strategies for biominerals is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Seknazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Zou Q, Chen L, Li W. A ternary doped single matrix material with dual functions of bone repair and multimodal tracking for applications in orthopedics and dentistry. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6047-6056. [PMID: 32254815 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been broadly used for the repair of human hard tissues due to its bioactivity and similarity to the mineral of bones and teeth. We prepared a fluorine (F), ytterbium (Yb) and holmium (Ho) ternary doped HA (HYH-F) material and investigated its dual functions of bone repair and multimodal tracking. The results showed that the HYH-F material could display clear X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) images based on Yb ions, and Ho ions due to its superparamagnetic properties for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while the F ions could enhance the upconversion (UC) fluorescence of the Yb/Ho combination. The ternary doped HYH-F material shows good compatibility with cells and bone tissue. A joint usage of Micro-CT imaging and UC fluorescence imaging distinctly and synergistically demonstrated the distribution state and degradation of the HYH-F material during new bone reconstruction. The single matrix HA material with ternary doping will be beneficial for future biomedical investigation and applications, and it can not only be a bone repair biomaterial, but also provide lifelong multimodal tracking efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Review of potential health risks associated with nanoscopic calcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:1-14. [PMID: 30031162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate is applied in many products in biomedicine, but also in toothpastes and cosmetics. In some cases, it is present in nanoparticulate form, either on purpose or after degradation or mechanical abrasion. Possible concerns are related to the biological effect of such nanoparticles. A thorough literature review shows that calcium phosphate nanoparticles as such have no inherent toxicity but can lead to an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration after endosomal uptake and lysosomal degradation. However, cells are able to clear the calcium from the cytoplasm within a few hours, unless very high doses of calcium phosphate are applied. The observed cytotoxicity in some cell culture studies, mainly for unfunctionalized particles, is probably due to particle agglomeration and subsequent sedimentation onto the cell layer, leading to a very high local particle concentration, a high particle uptake, and subsequent cell death. There is no risk from an oral uptake of calcium phosphate nanoparticles due to their rapid dissolution in the stomach. The risk from dermal or mucosal uptake is very low. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles can enter the bloodstream by inhalation, but no adverse effects have been observed, except for a prolonged exposition to high particle doses. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles inside the body (e.g. after implantation or due to abrasion) do not pose a risk as they are typically resorbed and dissolved by osteoclasts and macrophages. There is no indication for a significant influence of the calcium phosphate phase or the particle shape (e.g. spherical or rod-like) on the biological response. In summary, the risk associated with an exposition to nanoparticulate calcium phosphate in doses that are usually applied in biomedicine, health care products, and cosmetics is very low and most likely not present at all. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Calcium phosphate is a well-established biomaterial. However, there are occasions when it occurs in a nanoparticulate form (e.g. as nanoparticle or as nanoparticulate bone substitution material) or after abrasion from a calcium phosphate-coated metal implant. In the light of the current discussion on the safety of nanoparticles, there have been concerns about potential adverse effects of nano-calcium phosphate, e.g. in a statement of a EU study group from 2016 about possible dangers associated with non-spherical nano-hydroxyapatite in cosmetics. In the US, there was a discussion in 2016 about the dangers of nano-calcium phosphate in babyfood. In this review, the potential exposition routes for nano-calcium phosphate are reviewed, with special emphasis on its application as biomaterial.
Collapse
|
24
|
Morgan AD, Ng YL, Odlyha M, Gulabivala K, Bozec L. Proof-of-concept study to establish an in situ method to determine the nature and depth of collagen changes in dentine using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy after sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Int Endod J 2018; 52:359-370. [PMID: 30144371 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish a method using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterize the nature and depth of changes in dentinal collagen following exposure to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during root canal irrigation in an ex vivo model. METHODOLOGY Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy was used to assess the changes in dentinal collagen when the root canal was exposed to NaOCl. The changes in dentinal collagen caused by NaOCl irrigation of root canals in transverse sections of roots, at 0.5 mm from the canal wall and 0.5 mm from the external root surface, were assessed by FTIR. The data were analysed using paired t-test with 5% significance level. RESULTS Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy confirmed that NaOCl exposure caused alterations in the chemistry and structure of collagen in dentine. FTIR spectra obtained from dentine surfaces and dentine adjacent to root canals exposed to NaOCl, all consistently showed degradation and conformational change of the collagen structure. FTIR data from the ex vivo model showed that the depth of effect of NaOCl extended to at least 0.5 mm from the canal wall. CONCLUSION In extracted human teeth, NaOCl caused changes in dentinal collagen that were measurable by FTIR. In an ex vivo model, the depth of effect into dentine extended at least 0.5 mm from the canal wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Morgan
- Unit of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Science, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Y-L Ng
- Unit of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Science, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - M Odlyha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - K Gulabivala
- Unit of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Science, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - L Bozec
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Investigation on Anti-Autofluorescence, Osteogenesis and Long-Term Tracking of HA-Based Upconversion Material. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11267. [PMID: 30050096 PMCID: PMC6062553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) material will be long-standing once implanted in bone tissue of the body. It should be considered to endow the osteogenic HA material with traceable fluorescence to realize a lifelong in vivo tracking. We prepared and utilized lanthanides-doped HA upconversion material, and revealed for the first time that the lanthanides (ytterbium (Yb) and holmium (Ho)) co-doped HA upconversion material was suitable for long-term or lifelong in vivo tracking, the lanthanide ions doped in the HA matrix would not affect the biocompatibility and osteogenesis, and the tissue autofluorescence could be effectively avoided by the HA:Yb/Ho upconversion material. Also the distribution in bone and osteointegration with bone of the HA:Yb/Ho material could be clearly discriminated by its bright fluorescence under NIR irradiation. The upconversion characteristic of the HA:Yb/Ho material provides a feasibility and promising prospect for lifelong in vivo tracking, and has an advantage in revealing the material-tissue interrelation. The material has important clinical application value in addition to its usefulness for scientific investigation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Albéric M, Gourrier A, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Reiche I. The three-dimensional arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibers in elephant ivory and its relation to mechanical and optical properties. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:342-351. [PMID: 29477454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Elephant tusks are composed of dentin or ivory, a hierarchical and composite biological material made of mineralized collagen fibers (MCF). The specific arrangement of the MCF is believed to be responsible for the optical and mechanical properties of the tusks. Especially the MCF organization likely contributes to the formation of the bright and dark checkerboard pattern observed on polished sections of tusks (Schreger pattern). Yet, the precise structural origin of this optical motif is still controversial. We hereby address this issue using complementary analytical methods (small and wide angle X-ray scattering, cross-polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) on elephant ivory samples and show that MCF orientation in ivory varies from the outer to the inner part of the tusk. An external cohesive layer of MCF with fiber direction perpendicular to the tusk axis wraps the mid-dentin region, where the MCF are oriented mainly along the tusk axis and arranged in a plywood-like structure with fiber orientations oscillating in a narrow angular range. This particular oscillating-plywood structure of the MCF and the birefringent properties of the collagen fibers, likely contribute to the emergence of the Schreger pattern, one of the most intriguing macroscopic optical patterns observed in mineralized tissues and of great importance for authentication issues in archeology and forensic sciences. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Elephant tusks are intriguing biological materials as they are composed of dentin (ivory) like teeth but have mineralized collagen fibers (MCF) similarly arranged to the ones of lamellar bones and function as bones or antlers. Here, we showed that ivory has a graded structure with varying MCF orientations and that MCF of the mid-dentin are arranged in plywood like layers with fiber orientations oscillating in a narrow angular range around the tusk axis. This organization of the MCF may contribute to ivory's mechanical properties and, together with the collagen fibers birefringence properties, strongly relates to its optical properties, i.e. the emergence of a macroscopic checkerboard pattern, well known as the Schreger pattern.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhatt A, Anbarasu A. Rapid and economic synthesis of bone like apatite using simulated body fluid (SBF). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14328917.2017.1404203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bhatt
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nicolas JD, Bernhardt M, Markus A, Alves F, Burghammer M, Salditt T. Scanning X-ray diffraction on cardiac tissue: automatized data analysis and processing. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1163-1172. [PMID: 29091059 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A scanning X-ray diffraction study of cardiac tissue has been performed, covering the entire cross section of a mouse heart slice. To this end, moderate focusing by compound refractive lenses to micrometer spot size, continuous scanning, data acquisition by a fast single-photon-counting pixel detector, and fully automated analysis scripts have been combined. It was shown that a surprising amount of structural data can be harvested from such a scan, evaluating the local scattering intensity, interfilament spacing of the muscle tissue, the filament orientation, and the degree of anisotropy. The workflow of data analysis is described and a data analysis toolbox with example data for general use is provided. Since many cardiomyopathies rely on the structural integrity of the sarcomere, the contractile unit of cardiac muscle cells, the present study can be easily extended to characterize tissue from a diseased heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan David Nicolas
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Bernhardt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Markus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Minamino T, Mine A, Shintani A, Higashi M, Kawaguchi-Uemura A, Kabetani T, Hagino R, Imai D, Tajiri Y, Matsumoto M, Yatani H. Advanced Statistical Analyses to Reduce Inconsistency of Bond Strength Data. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1400-1405. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517725691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Minamino
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Mine
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Shintani
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Higashi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Kawaguchi-Uemura
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Kabetani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - R. Hagino
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - D. Imai
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y. Tajiri
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H. Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lozoya-Rodríguez DA, de Lima R, Fraceto LF, Ledezma Pérez A, Bazaldua Domínguez M, Gómez Batres R, Reyes Rojas A, Orozco Carmona V. Development of HA/Ag-NPs Composite Coating from Green Process for Hip Applications. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081291. [PMID: 28786916 PMCID: PMC6152409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, biological hydroxyapatite (HA) was obtained from bovine bones through a thermal process. A total of 0% and 1% of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized from Opuntia ficus (nopal) were added to the biological hydroxyapatite coatings using an atmospheric plasma spray (APS) on a Ti6Al4V substrate. Following this, its antimicrobial efficiency was evaluated against the following bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was conducted according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) Z2801:2000 “Antimicrobial Product-Test for Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy”. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were evenly distributed on the coating surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) shows that apatite deposition occurs on a daily basis, maintaining a Ca/P rate between 2.12 and 1.45. Biocompatibility properties were evaluated with osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) by single-cell gel electrophoresis assay and Tali image cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse A Lozoya-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico.
| | - Renata de Lima
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Rod. Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Três de Março 511, Sorocaba 18087-180, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Ledezma Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25250, Mexico.
| | - Mercedes Bazaldua Domínguez
- Centro de Capacitación, Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica, Universidad Tecnológica de Chihuahua Sur (UTCh Sur), Km. 3 Carretera Chihuahua-Aldama, Chihuahua 31313, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Gómez Batres
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico.
| | - Armando Reyes Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Orozco Carmona
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Masic A, Schuetz R, Bertinetti L, Li C, Siegel S, Metzger H, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P. Multiscale Analysis of Mineralized Collagen Combining X-ray Scattering and Fluorescence with Raman Spectroscopy under Controlled Mechanical, Thermal, and Humidity Environments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2853-2859. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Admir Masic
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, United States
| | - Roman Schuetz
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Siegel
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hartmut Metzger
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gradl R, Zanette I, Ruiz-Yaniz M, Dierolf M, Rack A, Zaslansky P, Pfeiffer F. Mass Density Measurement of Mineralized Tissue with Grating-Based X-Ray Phase Tomography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167797. [PMID: 28002416 PMCID: PMC5176275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the mineral content distribution in highly mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth, is fundamental in understanding a variety of structural questions ranging from studies of the mechanical properties to improved pathological investigations. However, non-destructive, volumetric and quantitative density measurements of mineralized samples, some of which may extend several mm in size, remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate the potential of grating-based x-ray phase tomography to gain insight into the three-dimensional mass density distribution of tooth tissues in a non-destructive way and with a sensitivity of 85 mg/cm3. Density gradients of 13 − 19% over 1 − 2 mm within typical samples are detected, and local variations in density of 0.4 g/cm3 on a length scale of 0.1 mm are revealed. This method proves to be an excellent quantitative tool for investigations of subtle differences in mineral content of mineralized tissues that can change following treatment or during ageing and healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Irene Zanette
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Maite Ruiz-Yaniz
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Rack
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Chen H. Yb 3+/Ho 3+ Co-Doped Apatite Upconversion Nanoparticles to Distinguish Implanted Material from Bone Tissue. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27458-27464. [PMID: 27670218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of bone reconstruction with time requires the combination of a biological method and a chemical technique. Lanthanide Yb3+ and Ho3+ co-doped fluorapatite (FA:Yb3+/Ho3+) and hydroxyapatite (HA:Yb3+/Ho3+) particles with varying dopant concentrations were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and thermal activation. Controllable green and red upconversion emissions were generated under 980 nm near-infrared excitation; the FA:Yb3+/Ho3+ particles resulted in superior green luminescence, while HA:Yb3+/Ho3+ dominated in red emission. The difference in the green and red emission behavior was dependent on the lattice structure and composition. Two possible lattice models were proposed for Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped HA and FA along the hydroxyl channel and fluorine channel of the apatite crystal structure. We first reported the use of the upconversion apatite particles to clearly distinguish implanted material from bone tissue on stained histological sections of harvested in vivo samples. The superposition of the tissue image and material image is a creative method to show the material-tissue distribution and interrelation. The upconversion apatite particles and image superposition method provide a novel strategy for long-term discriminable fluorescence tracking of implanted material or scaffold during bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pabisch S, Akabane C, Wagermaier W, Roschger A, Ogura T, Hyodo R, Kataoka S, Tobori N, Okano T, Murakami S, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. The nanostructure of murine alveolar bone and its changes due to type 2 diabetes. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:223-231. [PMID: 27637572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone - the bony ridge containing the tooth sockets - stands out by its remodeling activity where bone is being formed and resorbed at a much higher rate than in any other bony tissue. Teeth that are anchored in the jaw through the periodontal ligament exert very large localized loads during mastication that could lead to a unique adaptation of the collagen/mineral structure in the bone. Our aim was to characterize the nanostructure of alveolar bone and to determine the influence of diabetes on structural characteristics of the mineralized matrix. Using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), we studied a spontaneous diabetic mouse model (KK+) and its corresponding healthy controls (KK-) (n=6) to determine the size and mutual alignment of the mineral nanoparticles embedded in the collagen matrix. On cross-sections (buccal-lingual) of the first molar multiple line scans with a spatial resolution of 30μm were performed on each sample, from the lingual to the buccal side of the mandible. Mineral particle thickness and length are decreasing towards the tooth in both buccal and lingual sides of alveolar bone. While mineral particles are well aligned with the long axis of the tooth on the buccal side, they are in a quarter of the measurements oriented along two preferred directions on the lingual side. These nanostructural differences can be interpreted as the result of an asymmetric loading during mastication, leading to a tilting of the tooth in its socket. In diabetic mice particle thicknesses are smaller compared to control animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pabisch
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chika Akabane
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Taku Ogura
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hyodo
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norio Tobori
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Okano
- Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rahmanian M, Naghib SM, Seyfoori A, Zare AA, Sanati H, Majidzadeh-A K. Inhibitory Effect of Tricalcium Phosphate Sintered at Different Temperatures on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.21859/mci-010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
36
|
Skjønsfjell ET, Kringeland T, Granlund H, Høydalsvik K, Diaz A, Breiby DW. Retrieving the spatially resolved preferred orientation of embedded anisotropic particles by small-angle X-ray scattering tomography. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716005574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental nondestructive methods for probing the spatially varying arrangement and orientation of ultrastructures in hierarchical materials are in high demand. While conventional computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for nondestructively imaging the interior of objects in three dimensions, it retrieves only scalar density fields. In addition to the traditional absorption contrast, other contrast mechanisms for image formation based on scattering and refraction are increasingly used in combination with CT methods, improving both the spatial resolution and the ability to distinguish materials of similar density. Being able to obtain vectorial information, like local growth directions and crystallite orientations, in addition to scalar density fields, is a longstanding scientific desire. In this work, it is demonstrated that, under certain conditions, the spatially varying preferred orientation of anisotropic particles embedded in a homogeneous matrix can be retrieved using CT with small-angle X-ray scattering as the contrast mechanism. Specifically, orientation maps of filler talc particles in injection-moulded isotactic polypropylene are obtained nondestructively under the key assumptions that the preferred orientation varies slowly in space and that the orientation of the flake-shaped talc particles is confined to a plane. It is expected that the method will find application inin situstudies of the mechanical deformation of composites and other materials with hierarchical structures over a range of length scales.
Collapse
|
37
|
Novel hydroxyapatite nanorods improve anti-caries efficacy of enamel infiltrants. Dent Mater 2016; 32:784-93. [PMID: 27068739 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enamel resin infiltrants are biomaterials able to treat enamel caries at early stages. Nevertheless, they cannot prevent further demineralization of mineral-depleted enamel. Therefore, the aim of this work was to synthesize and incorporate specific hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAps) into the resin infiltrant to overcome this issue. METHODS HAps were prepared using a hydrothermal method (0h, 2h and 5h). The crystallinity, crystallite size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized through XRD, FT-IR and TEM. HAps were then incorporated (10wt%) into a light-curing co-monomer resin blend (control) to create different resin-based enamel infiltrants (HAp-0h, HAp-2h and HAp-5h), whose degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by FT-IR. Enamel caries lesions were first artificially created in extracted human molars and infiltrated using the tested resin infiltrants. Specimens were submitted to pH-cycling to simulate recurrent caries. Knoop microhardness of resin-infiltrated underlying and surrounding enamel was analyzed before and after pH challenge. RESULTS Whilst HAp-0h resulted amorphous, HAp-2h and HAp-5h presented nanorod morphology and higher crystallinity. Resin infiltration doped with HAp-2h and HAp-5h caused higher enamel resistance against demineralization compared to control HAp-free and HAp-0h infiltration. The inclusion of more crystalline HAp nanorods (HAp-2h and HAp-5h) increased significantly (p<0.05) the DC. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of more crystalline HAp nanorods into enamel resin infiltrants may be a feasible method to improve the overall performance in the prevention of recurrent demineralization (e.g. caries lesion) in resin-infiltrated enamel.
Collapse
|
38
|
Understanding nature's residual strain engineering at the human dentine-enamel junction interface. Acta Biomater 2016; 32:256-263. [PMID: 26779888 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human dental tissue is a hydrated biological mineral composite. In terms of volume and mass, a human tooth mainly consists of dentine and enamel. Human dental tissues have a hierarchical structure and versatile mechanical properties. The dentine enamel junction (DEJ) is an important biological interface that provides a durable bond between enamel and dentine that is a life-long success story: while intact and free from disease, this interface does not fail despite the harsh thermo-mechanical loading in the oral cavity. The underlying reasons for such remarkable strength and durability are still not fully clear from the structural and mechanical perspectives. One possibility is that, in an example of residual stress engineering, evolution has led to the formation of a layer of inelastic strain adjacent to the DEJ during odontogenesis (tooth formation). However, due to significant experimental and interpretational challenges, no meaningful quantification of residual stress in the vicinity of the DEJ at the appropriate spatial resolution has been reported to date. In this study, we applied a recently developed flexible and versatile method for measuring the residual elastic strain at (sub)micron-scale utilising focused ion beam (FIB) milling with digital image correlation (DIC). We report the results that span the transition from human dentine to enamel, and incorporate the material lying at and in the vicinity of the DEJ. The capability of observing the association between internal architecture and the residual elastic strain state at the micrometre scale is useful for understanding the remarkable performance of the DEJ and may help the creation of improved biomimetic materials for clinical and engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We studied the micron-scale residual stresses that exist within human teeth, between enamel (outer tooth shell, hardest substance in the human body) and dentine (soft bone-like vascularised tooth core). The dentine-enamel junction (DEJ) is an extremely interesting example of nature's design in terms of hierarchical structuring and residual stress management. Key developments reported are systematic focused ion beam (FIB) milling and digital image correlation (DIC) micrometre scale residual strain evaluation, and the determination of principal strain direction near DEJ, correlated with internal architecture responsible for remarkable strength. This work helps understanding DEJ performance and improving biomimetic materials design for clinical and engineering applications.
Collapse
|
39
|
Schaff F, Bech M, Zaslansky P, Jud C, Liebi M, Guizar-Sicairos M, Pfeiffer F. Six-dimensional real and reciprocal space small-angle X-ray scattering tomography. Nature 2015; 527:353-6. [PMID: 26581292 DOI: 10.1038/nature16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
When used in combination with raster scanning, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has proven to be a valuable imaging technique of the nanoscale, for example of bone, teeth and brain matter. Although two-dimensional projection imaging has been used to characterize various materials successfully, its three-dimensional extension, SAXS computed tomography, poses substantial challenges, which have yet to be overcome. Previous work using SAXS computed tomography was unable to preserve oriented SAXS signals during reconstruction. Here we present a solution to this problem and obtain a complete SAXS computed tomography, which preserves oriented scattering information. By introducing virtual tomography axes, we take advantage of the two-dimensional SAXS information recorded on an area detector and use it to reconstruct the full three-dimensional scattering distribution in reciprocal space for each voxel of the three-dimensional object in real space. The presented method could be of interest for a combined six-dimensional real and reciprocal space characterization of mesoscopic materials with hierarchically structured features with length scales ranging from a few nanometres to a few millimetres--for example, biomaterials such as bone or teeth, or functional materials such as fuel-cell or battery components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schaff
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Bech
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Montoya C, Arango-Santander S, Peláez-Vargas A, Arola D, Ossa E. Effect of aging on the microstructure, hardness and chemical composition of dentin. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1811-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Dunlop JWC, Fratzl P. Bioinspired composites: Making a tooth mimic. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1082-1083. [PMID: 26490212 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John W C Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mineralization of Early Stage Carious Lesions In Vitro-A Quantitative Approach. Dent J (Basel) 2015; 3:111-122. [PMID: 29567931 PMCID: PMC5851196 DOI: 10.3390/dj3040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro computed tomography has been combined with dedicated data analysis for the in vitro quantification of sub-surface enamel lesion mineralization. Two artificial white spot lesions, generated on a human molar crown in vitro, were examined. One lesion was treated with a self-assembling peptide intended to trigger nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals. We non-destructively determined the local X-ray attenuation within the specimens before and after treatment. The three-dimensional data was rigidly registered. Three interpolation methods, i.e., nearest neighbor, tri-linear, and tri-cubic interpolation were evaluated. The mineralization of the affected regions was quantified via joint histogram analysis, i.e., a voxel-by-voxel comparison of the tomography data before and after mineralization. After ten days incubation, the mean mineralization coefficient reached 35.5% for the peptide-treated specimen compared to 11.5% for the control. This pilot study does not give any evidence for the efficacy of peptide treatment nor allows estimating the necessary number of specimens to achieve significance, but shows a sound methodological approach on the basis of the joint histogram analysis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chien YC, Burwell AK, Saeki K, Fernandez-Martinez A, Pugach MK, Nonomura G, Habelitz S, Ho SP, Rapozo-Hilo M, Featherstone JD, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Distinct decalcification process of dentin by different cariogenic organic acids: Kinetics, ultrastructure and mechanical properties. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:93-105. [PMID: 26745819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied artificial dentin lesions in human teeth generated by lactate and acetate buffers (pH 5.0), the two most abundant acids in caries. The objective of this study was to determine differences in mechanical properties, mineral density profiles and ultrastructural variations of two different artificial lesions with the same approximate depth. METHODS 0.05M (pH 5.0) acetate or lactate buffer was used to create 1) 180μm-deep lesions in non-carious human dentin blocks (acetate 130h; lactate 14days); (2) demineralized, ∼180μm-thick non-carious dentin discs (3 weeks). We performed nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties across the hydrated lesions, and micro X-ray computed tomography (MicroXCT) to determine mineral profiles. Ultrastructure in lesions was analyzed by TEM/selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Demineralized dentin discs were analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). RESULTS Diffusion-dominated demineralization was shown based on the linearity between lesion depths versus the square root of exposure time in either solution, with faster kinetics in acetate buffer. Nanoindentation revealed lactate induced a significantly sharper transition in reduced elastic modulus across the lesions. MicroXCT showed lactate demineralized lesions had swelling and more disorganized matrix structure, whereas acetate lesions had abrupt X-ray absorption near the margin. At the ultrastructural level, TEM showed lactate was more effective in removing minerals from the collagenous matrix, which was confirmed by SAXS analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated the different acids yielded lesions with different characteristics that could influence lesion formation resulting in their distinct predominance in different caries activities, and these differences may impact strategies for dentin caries remineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chien
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - A K Burwell
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - K Saeki
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - A Fernandez-Martinez
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, US; ISTerre, CNRS & University of Grenoble, B.P. 53X, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38041, France
| | - M K Pugach
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G Nonomura
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S Habelitz
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S P Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - M Rapozo-Hilo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - J D Featherstone
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - S J Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US
| | - G W Marshall
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, US.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zanette I, Enders B, Dierolf M, Thibault P, Gradl R, Diaz A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Menzel A, Pfeiffer F, Zaslansky P. Ptychographic X-ray nanotomography quantifies mineral distributions in human dentine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9210. [PMID: 25790969 PMCID: PMC4366856 DOI: 10.1038/srep09210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral microarchitecture, mineral distributions or mineralization activity of bone-forming cells, representative samples of tissue are best studied at submicrometre resolution while minimizing sample-preparation damage. Here, we demonstrate the power of ptychographic X-ray tomography to map variations in the mineral content distribution in three dimensions and at the nanometre scale. Using this non-destructive method, we observe nanostructures surrounding hollow tracts that exist in human dentine forming dentinal tubules. We reveal unprecedented quantitative details of the ultrastructure clearly revealing the spatially varying mineralization density. Such information is essential for understanding a variety of natural and therapeutic effects for example in bone tissue healing and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Zanette
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - B Enders
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Dierolf
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Thibault
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Department of Physics &Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - R Gradl
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - A Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Pfeiffer
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - P Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sui T, Korsunsky AM. Hierarchical Modeling of Elastic Behavior of Human Dental Tissue Based on Synchrotron Diff raction Characterization. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Sandholzer MA, Sui T, Korsunsky AM, Damien Walmsley A, Lumley PJ, Landini G. X-ray Scattering Evaluation of Ultrastructural Changes in Human Dental Tissues with Thermal Treatment. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:769-74. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Sandholzer
- School of Dentistry; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; St Chad's Queensway Birmingham B4 6NN U.K
| | - Tan Sui
- Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ U.K
| | | | - Anthony Damien Walmsley
- School of Dentistry; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; St Chad's Queensway Birmingham B4 6NN U.K
| | - Philip J. Lumley
- School of Dentistry; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; St Chad's Queensway Birmingham B4 6NN U.K
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; St Chad's Queensway Birmingham B4 6NN U.K
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deyhle H, White SN, Bunk O, Beckmann F, Müller B. Nanostructure of carious tooth enamel lesion. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:355-64. [PMID: 23993945 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carious lesions exhibit a complex structural organization composed of zones of higher and lower mineralization, formed by successive periods of cyclic de- and re-mineralization. A thorough understanding of the lesion morphology is necessary for the development of suitable treatments aiming to repair rather than replace the damaged tissue. This detailed understanding includes the entire lesion down to individual crystallites and nanopores within the natural organization of the crown. A moderate lesion, with surface loss and reaching dentin, and a very early lesion were studied. Scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with a pixel size of 20 × 20 μm(2) was used to characterize these lesions, allowing for the identification of distinct zones with varied absorption and scattering behavior, indicative of varied porosity and pore morphology. Despite these differences, the overall orientation and anisotropy of the SAXS signal was unaltered throughout both lesions, indicating that an anisotropic scaffold is still present in the lesion. The finding that crystallite orientation is preserved throughout the lesions facilitates the identification of preventive re-mineralizing strategies with the potential to recreate the original nanostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, c/o University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sui T, Sandholzer MA, Le Bourhis E, Baimpas N, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Structure-mechanical function relations at nano-scale in heat-affected human dental tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 32:113-124. [PMID: 24445004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the mechanical properties of dental materials related to their hierarchical structure is essential for understanding and predicting the effect of microstructural alterations on the performance of dental tissues in the context of forensic and archaeological investigation as well as laser irradiation treatment of caries. So far, few studies have focused on the nano-scale structure-mechanical function relations of human teeth altered by chemical or thermal treatment. The response of dental tissues to thermal treatment is thought to be strongly affected by the mineral crystallite size, their spatial arrangement and preferred orientation. In this study, synchrotron-based small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques were used to investigate the micro-structural alterations (mean crystalline thickness, crystal perfection and degree of alignment) of heat-affected dentine and enamel in human dental teeth. Additionally, nanoindentation mapping was applied to detect the spatial and temperature-dependent nano-mechanical properties variation. The SAXS/WAXS results revealed that the mean crystalline thickness distribution in dentine was more uniform compared with that in enamel. Although in general the mean crystalline thickness increased both in dentine and enamel as the temperature increased, the local structural variations gradually reduced. Meanwhile, the hardness and reduced modulus in enamel decreased as the temperature increased, while for dentine, the tendency reversed at high temperature. The analysis of the correlation between the ultrastructure and mechanical properties coupled with the effect of temperature demonstrates the effect of mean thickness and orientation on the local variation of mechanical property. This structural-mechanical property alteration is likely to be due to changes of HAp crystallites, thus dentine and enamel exhibit different responses at different temperatures. Our results enable an improved understanding of the mechanical properties correlation in hierarchical biological materials, and human dental tissue in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Sui
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael A Sandholzer
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Le Bourhis
- Institut P',CNRS UPR 3346, University of Poitiers, SP2MI, BP 30179, F86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France
| | - Nikolaos Baimpas
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Korsunsky
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zaslansky P, Maerten A, Fratzl P. Apatite alignment and orientation at the Ångstrom and nanometer length scales shed light on the adaptation of dentine to whole tooth mechanical function. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.13.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth are capped by a highly mineralized enamel layer that rests on a bone-like material termed dentine. Dentine is composed mainly of collagen and carbonated apatite known to form the biological composite of all types of bone by combining into mineralized collagen fibrils. The apatite mineral is found both within and also encasing the fibrils, but in dentine, particularly in the crown, mineral is also found in regions where there is no collagen, forming peritubular dentine cuffs that surround narrow channels that perforate and render dentine porous. The authors hypothesize that regional variations in the mineral spatial configuration may reflect local adaptation to functional needs of whole teeth. The 3D orientation of the micron-sized tubules and the associated clusters of peritubular mineral vary on the length scale of millimeters. The orientation and degree of coalignment of the nanometer-sized mineral platelets in dentine exhibit marked changes at the same length scale, matching predicted load-trajectories in loaded teeth. However, wide-angle X-ray diffraction mapping shows that there is almost no preferred orientation of the 002 reflection (and hence the c-axis of apatite). The authors thus propose that the orientation of the peritubular and intertubular mineral compensate for localized preferred orientations, to create an overall average, randomly oriented mineral configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CharitÉ – UniversitÄtsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Maerten
- Materials Engineering, Technische UniversitÄt, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Enax J, Fabritius HO, Rack A, Prymak O, Raabe D, Epple M. Characterization of crocodile teeth: correlation of composition, microstructure, and hardness. J Struct Biol 2013; 184:155-63. [PMID: 24091039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Structure and composition of teeth of the saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus were characterized by several high-resolution analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction in combination with elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy showed that the mineral phase of the teeth is a carbonated calcium-deficient nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in all three tooth-constituting tissues: Dentin, enamel, and cementum. The fluoride content in the three tissues is very low (<0.1 wt.%) and comparable to that in human teeth. The mineral content of dentin, enamel, and cementum as determined by thermogravimetry is 71.3, 80.5, and 66.8 wt.%, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography showed the internal structure and allowed to visualize the degree of mineralization in dentin, enamel, and cementum. Virtual sections through the tooth and scanning electron micrographs showed that the enamel layer is comparably thin (100-200 μm). The crystallites in the enamel are oriented perpendicularly to the tooth surface. At the dentin-enamel-junction, the packing density of crystallites decreases, and the crystallites do not display an ordered structure as in the enamel. The microhardness was 0.60±0.05 GPa for dentin, 3.15±0.15 GPa for enamel, 0.26±0.08 GPa for cementum close to the crown, and 0.31±0.04 GPa for cementum close to the root margin. This can be explained with the different degree of mineralization of the different tissue types and is comparable with human teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Enax
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|