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Ryoo H, Kimmel H, Rondo E, Underhill GH. Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10627. [PMID: 38818120 PMCID: PMC11135158 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell-cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two-dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three-dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell-encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Evi Rondo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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Zhang Y, Liu K, He H, Xiao H, Fang Z, Chen X, Li H. Innovative explorations: unveiling the potential of organoids for investigating environmental pollutant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16256-16273. [PMID: 38342830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
As the economy rapidly develops, chemicals are widely produced and used. This has exacerbated the problems associated with environmental pollution, raising the need for efficient toxicological evaluation techniques to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of toxicity of environmental pollutants. The progress in the techniques of cell culture in three dimensions has resulted in the creation of models that are more relevant in terms of biology and physiology. This enables researchers to study organ development, toxicology, and drug screening. Adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be obtained from various mammalian tissues, including cancerous and healthy tissues. Such stem cells exhibit a significant level of tissue memory and ability to self-assemble. When cultivated in 3D in vitro environments, the resulting organoids demonstrate a remarkable capacity to recapitulate the cellular composition and function of organs in vivo. Recently, many tumors' tissue-derived organoids have been widely used in research on tumor pathogenesis, drug development, precision medicine, and other fields, including those derived from colon cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, and gastric cancer. However, the application of organoid models for evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants is still in its infancy. This review introduces the characteristics of the toxicity responses of organoid models upon exposure to pollutants from the perspectives of organoid characteristics, tissue types, and their applications in toxicology; discusses the feasibility of using organoid models in evaluating the toxicity of pollutants; and provides a reference for future toxicological studies on environmental pollutants based on organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Metz-Zumaran C, Uckeley ZM, Doldan P, Muraca F, Keser Y, Lukas P, Kuropka B, Küchenhoff L, Rastgou Talemi S, Höfer T, Freund C, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Graw F, Stanifer M, Boulant S. The population context is a driver of the heterogeneous response of epithelial cells to interferons. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:242-275. [PMID: 38273161 PMCID: PMC10912784 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Isogenic cells respond in a heterogeneous manner to interferon. Using a micropatterning approach combined with high-content imaging and spatial analyses, we characterized how the population context (position of a cell with respect to neighboring cells) of epithelial cells affects their response to interferons. We identified that cells at the edge of cellular colonies are more responsive than cells embedded within colonies. We determined that this spatial heterogeneity in interferon response resulted from the polarized basolateral interferon receptor distribution, making cells located in the center of cellular colonies less responsive to ectopic interferon stimulation. This was conserved across cell lines and primary cells originating from epithelial tissues. Importantly, cells embedded within cellular colonies were not protected from viral infection by apical interferon treatment, demonstrating that the population context-driven heterogeneous response to interferon influences the outcome of viral infection. Our data highlights that the behavior of isolated cells does not directly translate to their behavior in a population, placing the population context as one important factor influencing heterogeneity during interferon response in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Metz-Zumaran
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zina M Uckeley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricio Doldan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Muraca
- Department of Infectious Disease, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yagmur Keser
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Lukas
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Küchenhoff
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cellular Biomechanics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Graw
- BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 60120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, 32610, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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4
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N G S, Ravi M. Significance of cell culture phases for utilizing 3D cultures of A549 cells for in vitro studies. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1760-1764. [PMID: 37471709 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems of human cancer cell lines have become popular experimental models for a variety of applications including drug screening. It is understood that the 2D and 3D cultures of the same cell line behave differently in several aspects. One such difference is in the duration of cell culture phases (the lag, log, plateau and the decline stages). We obtained 3D cultures of A549 cells on agarose hydrogels. We observed and compared the morphological differences in the progression of 2D and 3D cultures of A549 cells in a time-dependent manner. The morphological features along with the cell counts and viabilities obtained for the 2D and 3D cultures at different time intervals clearly indicate that the cell culture phases occurred as more extended one for the 3D cultures compared to that of the 2D counterparts. The plateau stage for the 2D and 3D cultures occurred at 48 and 69 h, respectively. Such cell culture phase durations can be different for different cell lines as a function of their doubling times. We propose that the cell culture phase durations for any cell line should be first established before using them for drug testing or for studies involving toxicity to obtain useful results from 3D cell cultures. Also, we propose that the late-exponential (lag) phase of 3D cultures of cancer cell lines is the most ideal one for drug testing owing to the various optimal features of the aggregates in this cell culture phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swethaa N G
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Kotta S, Deb PK, Venugopala KN. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:926. [PMID: 36015074 PMCID: PMC9412659 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (S.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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6
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Narayanan V, Rodrigues AL, Dordick JS. Influence of Circadian Rhythm on Drug Metabolism in 3D Hepatic Spheroids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2842-2856. [PMID: 35822281 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are characterized as oscillations that fluctuate based on a 24h cycle and are responsible for regulation of physiological functions. While the internal clock synchronizes gene expression using external cues like light, a similar synchronization can be induced in vitro by incubating the cells with an increased percentage of serum followed by its rapid removal. Previous studies have suggested that synchronization of HepG2 cell line induced the rhythmic expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) most specifically the cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the influence of 3D microenvironment on the rhythmicity of these genes. To understand this interplay, gene expression of the circadian machinery and CYP450s were compared using the model human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2. Upon serum shock synchronization, gene and protein expression of core clock regulators was assessed and rhythmic expression of these genes was demonstrated. Further insight into the interrelations between various gene pairs was obtained using statistical analysis. Using RNA sequencing, an in-depth understanding of the widespread effects of circadian regulation on genes involved in metabolic processes in the liver was obtained. This study aids in the better understanding of chronopharmacokinetic events in humans using physiologically relevant 3D culture systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Narayanan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Andre L Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Departments of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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7
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Abbas A, Zhang C, Asad M, Waqas A, Khatoon A, Hussain S, Mir SH. Recent Developments in Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces Based on Bioinspired Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:238. [PMID: 35054645 PMCID: PMC8781395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, significant research efforts have been made to discover the diverse range of biomaterials for various biomedical applications such as drug development, disease diagnosis, biomedical testing, therapy, etc. Polymers as bioinspired materials with extreme wettable properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have received considerable interest in the past due to their multiple applications in anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, biosensing, and effective transportation of water. Apart from the numerous technological applications for extreme wetting and self-cleaning products, recently, super-wettable surfaces based on polymeric materials have also emerged as excellent candidates in studying biological processes. In this review, we systematically illustrate the designing and processing of artificial, super-wettable surfaces by using different polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, molecular recognition, and diagnosis. Special attention has been paid to applications concerning the identification, control, and analysis of exceedingly small molecular amounts and applications permitting high cell and biomaterial cell screening. Current outlook and future prospects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Abbas
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ahsan Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Asma Khatoon
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sajjad Husain Mir
- School of Chemistry and Advanced Materials & BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Center, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Grubb ML, Caliari SR. Fabrication approaches for high-throughput and biomimetic disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:52-82. [PMID: 33716174 PMCID: PMC8433272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Grubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States.
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9
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Kim GJ, Lee KJ, Choi JW, An JH. Drug Evaluation Based on a Multi-Channel Cell Chip with a Horizontal Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6997. [PMID: 34209790 PMCID: PMC8269340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multi-channel cell chip containing a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for horizontal co-culture and drug toxicity screening in multi-organ culture (human glioblastoma, cervical cancer, normal liver cells, and normal lung cells). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi-channel cell chip (PMCCC) was based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The architecture of the PMCCC was an open-type cell chip and did not require a pump or syringe. We investigated cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by conducting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and analysis of oleanolic acid (OA)-treated multi-channel cell chips. The results of the MTT and LDH assays showed that OA treatment in the multi-channel cell chip of four cell lines enhanced chemoresistance of cells compared with that in the 2D culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of the application of our multi-channel cell chip in various analysis methods through Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, which is not used for conventional cell chips. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the PMCCC may be used as a new 3D platform because it enables simultaneous drug screening in multiple cells by single point injection and allows analysis of various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- College of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
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Expanding the Known Repertoire of C-Type Lectin Receptors Binding to Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts Using a Modified High-Resolution Immunofluorescence Assay. mSphere 2021; 6:6/2/e01341-20. [PMID: 33789945 PMCID: PMC8546727 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01341-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental stage of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii oocyst is vital to its life cycle but largely understudied. Because oocysts are excreted only by infected felids, their availability for research is limited. We report the adaptation of an agarose-based method to immobilize minute amounts of oocysts to perform immunofluorescence assays. Agarose embedding allows high-resolution confocal microscopy imaging of antibodies binding to the oocyst surface as well as unprecedented imaging of intracellular sporocyst structures with Maclura pomifera agglutinin after on-slide permeabilization of the immobilized oocysts. To identify new possible molecules binding to the oocyst surface, we used this method to screen a library of C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-human IgG constant region fusion proteins from the group of related CLRs called the Dectin-1 cluster against oocysts. In addition to CLEC7A that was previously reported to decorate T. gondii oocysts, we present experimental evidence for specific binding of three additional CLRs to the surface of this stage. We discuss how these CLRs, known to be expressed on neutrophils, dendritic cells, or macrophages, could be involved in the early immune response by the host, such as oocyst antigen uptake in the intestine. In conclusion, we present a modified immunofluorescence assay technique that allows material-saving immunofluorescence microscopy with T. gondii oocysts in a higher resolution than previously published, which allowed us to describe three additional CLRs binding specifically to the oocyst surface. IMPORTANCE Knowledge of oocyst biology of Toxoplasma gondii is limited, not the least due to its limited availability. We describe a method that permits us to process minute amounts of oocysts for immunofluorescence microscopy without compromising their structural properties. This method allowed us to visualize internal structures of sporocysts by confocal microscopy in unprecedented quality. Moreover, the method can be used as a low- to medium-throughput method to screen for molecules interacting with oocysts, such as antibodies, or compounds causing structural damage to oocysts (i.e., disinfectants). Using this method, we screened a small library of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) present on certain immune cells and found three CLRs able to decorate the oocyst wall of T. gondii and which were not known before to bind to oocysts. These tools will allow further study into oocyst wall composition and could also provoke experiments regarding immunological recognition of oocysts.
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11
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Mei N, Zhao N, Tian T, Jiao M, Li C. Biological features, gene expression profile, and mechanisms of drug resistance of two- and three-dimensional hepatocellular carcinoma cell cultures. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00715. [PMID: 33486902 PMCID: PMC7827916 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with insidious onset and rapid progression. Its treatment is often difficult owing to tumor resistance. In this study, we aimed to understand the different biological characteristics, gene expression profiles, and drug resistance mechanisms of HCC cells cultured under different conditions. A conventional adherence method and a liquid overlay technique were used to prepare two- and three-dimensional cultures of Bel-7402 and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-resistant Bel-7402 (Bel-7402/5-Fu) cells. Morphological characteristics were assessed via microscopy, and cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were obtained using flow cytometry. Cell sensitivity to different concentrations of drugs was detected with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Gene expression profiles and signal transduction pathways of Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/5-Fu cells under different culture conditions were determined using gene chips. Cells in three-dimensional culture were suspended and they grew into dense multicellular spheroid (MCS) structures, aggregating with each other. In contrast to cells in the two-dimensional culture, cell cycle arrest was observed in MCSs. The sensitivity of Bel-7402 cells in the two-dimensional culture to drugs at high concentrations was significantly higher than that of cells in the three-dimensional culture (p < .05). The apoptotic rate of Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/5-Fu cells was also higher in the two-dimensional culture (p < .05). Signal transduction pathway analysis showed that after Bel-7402 cells acquired resistance to 5-Fu, CCND1, MCM2, and MCM3 gene expression was upregulated in the G1 to S cell cycle control signal transduction pathway, CDKN1C and CCNG2 gene expression was downregulated, and MCM2 and MCM3 gene expression was upregulated in the DNA replication signal transduction pathway. Therefore, the liquid overlay technique is a simple, low-cost procedure to successfully construct three-dimensional culture models of HCC. This study provides new information and methods for exploring the molecular mechanisms of liver cancer resistance, clinical treatment, development of molecular information, and interventional prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mei
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvincePeople’s Republic of China
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12
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Baur F, Nietzer SL, Kunz M, Saal F, Jeromin J, Matschos S, Linnebacher M, Walles H, Dandekar T, Dandekar G. Connecting Cancer Pathways to Tumor Engines: A Stratification Tool for Colorectal Cancer Combining Human In Vitro Tissue Models with Boolean In Silico Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010028. [PMID: 31861874 PMCID: PMC7017315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve and focus preclinical testing, we combine tumor models based on a decellularized tissue matrix with bioinformatics to stratify tumors according to stage-specific mutations that are linked to central cancer pathways. We generated tissue models with BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HROC24 and HROC87) and compared treatment responses to two-dimensional (2D) cultures and xenografts. As the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is-in contrast to melanoma-not effective in CRC, we combined it with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. In general, our 3D models showed higher chemoresistance and in contrast to 2D a more active HGFR after gefitinib and combination-therapy. In xenograft models murine HGF could not activate the human HGFR, stressing the importance of the human microenvironment. In order to stratify patient groups for targeted treatment options in CRC, an in silico topology with different stages including mutations and changes in common signaling pathways was developed. We applied the established topology for in silico simulations to predict new therapeutic options for BRAF-mutated CRC patients in advanced stages. Our in silico tool connects genome information with a deeper understanding of tumor engines in clinically relevant signaling networks which goes beyond the consideration of single drivers to improve CRC patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Baur
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (F.B.); (S.L.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Sarah L. Nietzer
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (F.B.); (S.L.N.); (H.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Fabian Saal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Julian Jeromin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (F.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Stephanie Matschos
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Heike Walles
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (F.B.); (S.L.N.); (H.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (F.S.); (J.J.)
- EMBL Heidelberg, Structural and Computational Biology, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (G.D.); Tel.: +49-931-3184551 (T.D.); +49-931-3182597 (G.D.)
| | - Gudrun Dandekar
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (F.B.); (S.L.N.); (H.W.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (G.D.); Tel.: +49-931-3184551 (T.D.); +49-931-3182597 (G.D.)
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13
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Akbari S, Arslan N, Senturk S, Erdal E. Next-Generation Liver Medicine Using Organoid Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:345. [PMID: 31921856 PMCID: PMC6933000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
"Liver medicine" refers to all diagnostic and treatment strategies of diseases and conditions that cause liver failure directly or indirectly. Despite significant advances in the field of liver medicine in recent years, improved tools are needed to efficiently define the pathophysiology of liver diseases and provide effective therapeutic options to patients. Recently, organoid technology has been established as the state-of-the-art cell culture tool for studying human biology in health and disease. In general, organoids are simplified three-dimensional (3D) mini-organ structures that can be grown in a 3D matrix where the structural and functional aspects of real organs are efficiently recapitulated. The generation of organoids is facilitated by exogenous factors that regulate multiple signaling pathways and promote the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of the cells to promote spontaneous self-organization and tissue-specific organogenesis. Newly established protocols suggest that liver-specific organoids can be derived from either pluripotent stem cells or liver-specific stem/progenitor cells. Today, robust and long-term cultures of organoids with the closest physiology to in vivo liver, in terms of cellular composition and function, open a new era in studying and understanding the disease pathology as well as high-throughput drug screening. Of note, these next-generation cell culture systems have immense potential to be further improved by genome editing and bioengineering technologies to foster the development of patient-specific therapeutic options for clinical applications. Here, we will discuss recent advances and challenges in the generation of human liver organoids and highlight emerging concepts for their potential applications in liver medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Arslan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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14
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Alizadeh A, Rezakhani L, Anjom Shoa M, Ghasemi S. Frequency of CD44 positive cells in MKN45 cell line after treatment with docetaxel in two and three-dimensional cell cultures. Tissue Cell 2019; 63:101324. [PMID: 32223952 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is more similar to in vivo studies and suitable for studies of interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. CD44 is a cell surface receptor that can relate with the extracellular matrix molecules. CD44 in gastric cancer (GC) is a metastatic and drug resistance marker. In this study the quantity of CD44+ cells in MKN-45 cell line in response to half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) dose of Docetaxel (DOC) was measured in 2D and 3D cultures. MKN-45 cell line was cultured in 2D and 3D environments. For 3D culture, rat gastric tissue was separated and decellularized and MKN-45 cells were injected and cultured in the prepared matrix. The frequency of CD44+ cells in 2D and 3D cultures were analyzed before and after treatment with IC50 of DOC by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Despite different environmental conditions, The frequency of CD44+ cells increased significantly in 2D and 3D environments after treatment with IC50 of DOC (P < 0.05). Given the advantages of 3D, this environment seems more appropriate for study about CD44+ cells and drug resistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjom Shoa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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15
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The comet assay applied to HepG2 liver spheroids. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:403033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Hakamivala A, Huang Y, Chang YF, Pan Z, Nair A, Hsieh JT, Tang L. Development of 3D Lymph Node Mimetic for Studying Prostate Cancer Metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900019. [PMID: 32648652 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis causes poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Although LN-cells and cellular responses play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis, the interplay between LN-cells and PCa cells is undetermined due to the small size and widespread distribution of LNs. To identify factors responsible for LN metastasis, a 3D cell culture biosystem is fabricated to simulate LN responses during metastasis. First, it is determined that LN explants previously exposed to high metastatic PCa release substantially more chemotactic factors to promote metastatic PCa migration than those exposed to low-metastatic PCa. Furthermore, T-lymphocytes are found to produce chemotactic factors in LNs, among which, CXCL12, CCL21, and IL-10 are identified to have the most chemotactic effect. To mimic the LN microenvironment, Cytodex beads are seeded with T cells to produce a LN-mimetic biosystem in both static and flow conditions. As expected, the flow condition permits prolonged cellular responses. Interestingly, when PCa cells with varying metastatic potentials are introduced into the system, it produces PCa-specific chemokines accordingly. These results support that the LN mimetic helps in analyzing the processes underlying metastasized LNs and for testing various treatments to reduce cancer LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Hakamivala
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - YiHui Huang
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Ashwin Nair
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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17
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Chen H, Wei X, Chen H, Wei H, Wang Y, Nan W, Zhang Q, Wen X. The study of establishment of an in vivo tumor model by three-dimensional cells culture systems methods and evaluation of antitumor effect of biotin-conjugated pullulan acetate nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:123-131. [PMID: 30663429 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1544142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels were used for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells culture systems in vitro and establishment of an in vivo xenografted tumor model. Based on our previous work on the biotin-conjugated pullulan acetate nanoparticles (Bio-PA NPs) as anticancer drug carriers, we further studied the anti-tumor effect of the NPs in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture system. When embedded in 3D hydrogels, HepG2 cells formed tumor spheroids and the cytoplasmic actin microfilamentrates were rearranged over a period of 7 days. In vitro cytotoxicity results indicated that HepG2 cells in 3D hydrogels were more resistant to Bio-PA NPs treatments compared to the 2D system. The tumor formation rate of in vivo xenografted tumor model using 3D culture systems method was 98.2%, which was significantly higher than that using of 2D cultured cells (76.4%). Then we injected the 3D HepG2 cells systems in the right anterior axillary of female Balb/c nude mice, and evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of Bio-PA NPs. In summary, these results suggested that HepG2 cells in 3D hydrogel system has shown the potential to provide an in vitro and in vivo model and for the evaluation of Bio-PA NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Hongliang Wei
- b School of Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Yongxue Wang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China.,c Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- b School of Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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18
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Steyn M, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM, Genthe B, van den Heever-Kriek PE, Weyers C. Treated acid mine drainage and stream recovery: Downstream impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in relation to multispecies toxicity bioassays. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 235:377-388. [PMID: 30708275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The success and long term effectiveness of extensive and expensive engineering solutions to restore streams impacted by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is rarely tested. Concentrations of pollutants were measured in water along a longitudinal gradient from a stretch of the Tweelopie stream, South Africa, that receives pH-treated acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned gold mine. The biotoxic effects of treated AMD were determined through macroinvertebrate biotic indices (SASS5) and a battery of toxicity bioassays. These included the L. sativa, A. cepa, D. magna toxicity and Ames mutagenicity tests, as well as an in vitro human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Even though the Tweelopie stream was moderately to severely degraded by multiple anthropogenic stressors, the impact of the treated AMD was masked by the improvement in the system downstream after mixing with the domestic wastewater effluent receiving stream, and subsequent further dilution as a result of the karst springs downstream. The general improvement of the system downstream was clearly shown by the decrease in the ecotoxicity and mutagenicity in relation to the in-stream macroinvertebrates. PCA multivariate analysis successfully displayed associations between the different environmental variables and the decrease in toxicity and subsequent ecosystem improvement downstream. This study indicated that environmental management of AMD remediation should consider long term assessment strategies, including multiple factors, to promote biological ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steyn
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.
| | - P J Oberholster
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - A M Botha
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Genthe
- CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | | | - C Weyers
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa
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19
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Mikael PE, Willard C, Koyee A, Barlao CG, Liu X, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Remodeling of Glycosaminoglycans During Differentiation of Adult Human Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Toward Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:278-289. [PMID: 30572803 PMCID: PMC6389772 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to generate functional hepatocytes to aid in liver repair and regeneration upon availability of a renewable, and potentially personalized, source of human hepatocytes (hHEP). Currently, the vast majority of primary hHEP are obtained from human tissue through cadavers. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have opened up the possibility to obtain fully functional hepatocytes from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult stem cells. With respect to the latter, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) can serve as a source of autogenetic and allogenic multipotent stem cells for liver repair and regeneration. A major aspect of hBMSC differentiation is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and, in particular, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the differentiation process. In this study, we examine the influence of four distinct culture conditions/protocols (T1-T4) on GAG composition and hepatic markers. α-Fetoprotein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α were expressed continually over 21 days of differentiation, as indicated by real time quantitative PCR analysis, while albumin (ALB) expression did not begin until day 21. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) appears to be more effective than activin A in promoting hepatic-like cells through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, perhaps due to the former binding to the HGF receptor to form a unique complex that diversifies the biological functions of HGF. Of the four protocols tested, uniform hepatocyte-like morphological changes, ALB secretion, and glycogen storage were found to be highest with protocol T2, which involves both early- and late-stage combinations of growth factors. The total GAG profile of the hBMSC ECM is rich in heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronan, both of which fluctuate during differentiation. The GAG profile of primary hHEP showed an HS-rich ECM, and thus, it may be possible to guide hBMSC differentiation to more mature hepatocytes by controlling the GAG profile expressed by differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiyz E. Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Willard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Aurvan Koyee
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charmaine-Grace Barlao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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20
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Nierode GJ, Gopal S, Kwon P, Clark DS, Schaffer DV, Dordick JS. High-throughput identification of factors promoting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in microscale 3D cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:168-180. [PMID: 30229860 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of conditions for guided and specific differentiation of human stem cell and progenitor cells is important for continued development and engineering of in vitro cell culture systems for use in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and human toxicology. Three-dimensional (3D) and organotypic cell culture models have been used increasingly for in vitro cell culture because they may better model endogenous tissue environments. However, detailed studies of stem cell differentiation within 3D cultures remain limited, particularly with respect to high-throughput screening. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a microarray chip-based platform to screen, in high-throughput, individual and paired effects of 12 soluble factors on the neuronal differentiation of a human neural progenitor cell line (ReNcell VM) encapsulated in microscale 3D Matrigel cultures. Dose-response analysis of selected combinations from the initial combinatorial screen revealed that the combined treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) with the glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor CHIR-99021 (CHIR) enhances neurogenesis while simultaneously decreases astrocyte differentiation, whereas the combined treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the small azide neuropathiazol enhances the differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. Subtype specification analysis of RA- and CHIR-differentiated cultures revealed that enhanced neurogenesis was not biased toward a specific neuronal subtype. Together, these results demonstrate a high-throughput screening platform for rapid evaluation of differentiation conditions in a 3D environment, which will aid the development and application of 3D stem cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Nierode
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Sneha Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Paul Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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21
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Bruckner DM, Connerney JJ, Dordick JS. Advancing in vitro
- in vivo
toxicity correlations via high-throughput three-dimensional primary hepatocyte culture. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Bruckner
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY, 12180
| | | | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY, 12180
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22
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Sokolova EA, Vodeneev VA, Deyev SM, Balalaeva IV. 3D in vitro models of tumors expressing EGFR family receptors: a potent tool for studying receptor biology and targeted drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:99-111. [PMID: 30205170 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas overexpressing EGFR family receptors are of high clinical importance, because the receptors have prognostic value and are used as molecular targets for anticancer therapy. Insufficient drug efficacy necessitates further in-depth research of the receptor biology and improvement in preclinical stages of drug evaluation. Here, we review the currently used advanced 3D in vitro models of tumors, including tumor spheroids, models in natural and synthetic matrices, tumor organoids and microfluidic-based models, as a potent tool for studying EGFR biology and targeted drug development. We are especially focused on factors that affect the biology of tumor cells, causing modification in the expression and basic phosphorylation of the receptors, crosstalk with other signaling pathways and switch between downstream cascades, resulting ultimately in the resistance to antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Sokolova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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23
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Fraser K, Bruckner DM, Dordick JS. Advancing Predictive Hepatotoxicity at the Intersection of Experimental, in Silico, and Artificial Intelligence Technologies. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:412-430. [PMID: 29722533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions, particularly those that result in drug-induced liver injury (DILI), are a major cause of drug failure in clinical trials and drug withdrawals. Hepatotoxicity-mediated drug attrition occurs despite substantial investments of time and money in developing cellular assays, animal models, and computational models to predict its occurrence in humans. Underperformance in predicting hepatotoxicity associated with drugs and drug candidates has been attributed to existing gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in driving hepatic injury after these compounds perfuse and are metabolized by the liver. Herein we assess in vitro, in vivo (animal), and in silico strategies used to develop predictive DILI models. We address the effectiveness of several two- and three-dimensional in vitro cellular methods that are frequently employed in hepatotoxicity screens and how they can be used to predict DILI in humans. We also explore how humanized animal models can recapitulate human drug metabolic profiles and associated liver injury. Finally, we highlight the maturation of computational methods for predicting hepatotoxicity, the untapped potential of artificial intelligence for improving in silico DILI screens, and how knowledge acquired from these predictions can shape the refinement of experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fraser
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biological Sciences Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Dylan M Bruckner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biological Sciences Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biological Sciences Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
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24
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Roth AD, Lama P, Dunn S, Hong S, Lee MY. Polymer coating on a micropillar chip for robust attachment of PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel for 3D hepatic cell culture. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:634-644. [PMID: 29853133 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For better mimicking tissues in vivo and developing predictive cell models for high-throughput screening (HTS) of potential drug candidates, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been performed in various hydrogels. In this study, we have investigated several polymer coating materials to robustly attach PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel on a micropillar chip for 3D culture of Hep3B human hepatic cells, which can be used as a tool for high-throughput assessment of compound hepatotoxicity. Among several amphiphilic polymers with maleic anhydride groups tested, 0.01% (w/v) poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMA-OD) provided superior coating properties with no PuraMatrix spot detachment from the micropillar chip and no air bubble entrapment in a complementary microwell chip. To maintain Hep3B cell viability in PuraMatrix gel on the chip, gelation conditions were optimized in the presence of additional salts, at different seeding densities, and for growth medium washes. As a result, salts in growth media were sufficient for gelation, and relatively high cell seeding at 6 million cells/mL and two media washes for pH neutralization were required. With optimized 3D cell culture conditions, controlled gene expression and compound toxicity assessment were successfully demonstrated by using recombinant adenoviruses carrying genes for green and red fluorescent proteins as well as six model compounds. Overall, PuraMatrix hydrogel on the chip was suitable for 3D cell encapsulation, gene expression, and rapid toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander David Roth
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Fenn Hall Room 455, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - Pratap Lama
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Fenn Hall Room 455, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - Stephen Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Fenn Hall Room 455, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - Stephen Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Fenn Hall Room 455, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Fenn Hall Room 455, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States.
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25
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Yuan C, Jansen JA, Yang F. Spheroid formation and stemness preservation of human periodontal ligament cells on chitosan films. Oral Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yan
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JJJP van den Beucken
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JA Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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26
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Tian T, Li CL, Fu X, Wang SH, Lu J, Guo H, Yao Y, Nan KJ, Yang YJ. β1 integrin-mediated multicellular resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of the FAK/Akt pathway. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:1311-1325. [PMID: 29332411 PMCID: PMC6091828 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517740807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role and mechanism of β1 integrin in the regulation of multicellular drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This in vitro study used a liquid overlay technique to obtain multicellular spheroids of two human HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Bel-7402. The morphology of the spheroids was observed by optical and electron microscopy. The effects of exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) on cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis were assessed in monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. The levels of β1 integrin and the effects on the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway were evaluated using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The role of β1 integrin was confirmed by using an inhibitory antibody. Results Cell proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis induced by 5-FUl and CDDP were abrogated in multicellular spheroids compared with monolayer cells. There were high levels of β1 integrin in multicellular spheroids. β1 integrin inhibitory antibody prevented the formation of multicellular spheroids, coupled with a significant increase in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. β1 integrin inhibitory antibody effectively suppressed activation of both FAK and Akt in multicellular spheroids. Conclusions β1 integrin mediated multicellular drug resistance through the FAK/Akt pathway in HCC spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Hong Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- 2 Clinical Research Centre, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Guo
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- 1 Department of Oncology, 162799 First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- 3 Third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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27
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Alginate-Based Three-Dimensional In Vitro Tumor Models: A Better Alternative to Current Two-Dimensional Cell Culture Models. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6910-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Pimentel C R, Ko SK, Caviglia C, Wolff A, Emnéus J, Keller SS, Dufva M. Three-dimensional fabrication of thick and densely populated soft constructs with complex and actively perfused channel network. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:174-184. [PMID: 29102798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental steps needed to design functional tissues and, ultimately organs is the ability to fabricate thick and densely populated tissue constructs with controlled vasculature and microenvironment. To date, bioprinting methods have been employed to manufacture tissue constructs with open vasculature in a square-lattice geometry, where the majority lacks the ability to be directly perfused. Moreover, it appears to be difficult to fabricate vascular tissue constructs targeting the stiffness of soft tissues such as the liver. Here we present a method for the fabrication of thick (e.g. 1 cm) and densely populated (e.g. 10 million cells·mL-1) tissue constructs with a three-dimensional (3D) four arm branch network and stiffness in the range of soft tissues (1-10 kPa), which can be directly perfused on a fluidic platform for long time periods (>14 days). Specifically, we co-print a 3D four-arm branch using water-soluble Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as main material and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the support structure. The PLA support structure was selectively removed, and the water soluble PVA structure was used for creating a 3D vascular network within a customized extracellular matrix (ECM) targeting the stiffness of the liver and with encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. These constructs were directly perfused with medium inducing the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the formation of spheroids. The highest spheroid density was obtained with perfusion, but overall the tissue construct displayed two distinct zones, one of rapid proliferation and one with almost no cell division and high cell death. The created model, therefore, simulate gradients in tissues of necrotic regions in tumors. This versatile method could represent a fundamental step in the fabrication of large functional and complex tissues and finally organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Vascularization within hydrogels with mechanical properties in the range of soft tissues remains a challenge. To date, bioprinting have been employed to manufacture tissue constructs with open vasculature in a square-lattice geometry that are most of the time not perfused. This study shows the creation of densely populated tissue constructs with a 3D four arm branch network and stiffness in the range of soft tissues, which can be directly perfused. The cells encapsulated within the construct showed proliferation as a function of the vasculature distance, and the control of the micro-environment induced the encapsulated cells to aggregate in spheroids in specific positions. This method could be used for modeling tumors and for fabricating more complex and densely populated tissue constructs with translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pimentel C
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Suk Kyu Ko
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Claudia Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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29
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He L, Sneider A, Chen W, Karl M, Prasath V, Wu PH, Mattson G, Wirtz D. Mammalian Cell Division in 3D Matrices via Quantitative Confocal Reflection Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286363 DOI: 10.3791/56364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of how mammalian cell division is regulated in a 3D environment remains largely unexplored despite its physiological relevance and therapeutic significance. Possible reasons for the lack of exploration are the experimental limitations and technical challenges that render the study of cell division in 3D culture inefficient. Here, we describe an imaging-based method to efficiently study mammalian cell division and cell-matrix interactions in 3D collagen matrices. Cells labeled with fluorescent H2B are synchronized using the combination of thymidine blocking and nocodazole treatment, followed by a mechanical shake-off technique. Synchronized cells are then embedded into a 3D collagen matrix. Cell division is monitored using live-cell microscopy. The deformation of collagen fibers during and after cell division, which is an indicator of cell-matrix interaction, can be monitored and quantified using quantitative confocal reflection microscopy. The method provides an efficient and general approach to study mammalian cell division and cell-matrix interactions in a physiologically relevant 3D environment. This approach not only provides novel insights into the molecular basis of the development of normal tissue and diseases, but also allows for the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Alexandra Sneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Michelle Karl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Vishnu Prasath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Gunnar Mattson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University; Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
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30
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Yang J, Liu X, Sun S, Liu X, Yang L. Screening Platform Based on Robolid Microplate for Immobilized Enzyme-Based Assays. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5079-5086. [PMID: 30023737 PMCID: PMC6044936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A facile, cost-effective, and high-throughput screening method was developed for enzyme-based assays based on Robolid/Microplate (RLMP) platform. The RLMP platform is constructed by immobilizing enzyme on commercial robolids and combining it with a standard 96-well microplate to achieve high-throughput analysis. The initiation and quenching of enzymatic reaction can be performed by simply sandwiching or unsealing the enzyme-immobilized robolids and the sample-containing microplate. This platform enables measurements of multiple target analytes simultaneously based on immobilized enzymatic reactions, with analysis time independent of the number of wells in the microplate. Using urea as the model analyte, we have shown that the RLMP platform exhibits large linear detection range of up to 10 mM, fast analysis time of 30 min/96 samples, as well as good reproducibility and stability. Measurements of urea in human urine and serum samples were performed using the RLMP platform and were compared with the commercial urea test kit. A good correlation was found between the two methods. This study shows that the present RLMP platform has promising prospects for detection of clinical markers and application in disease diagnosis and biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- E-mail: . Tel: +86-431-85099762. Fax: +86-431-85099762
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31
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Bray LJ, Werner C. Evaluation of Three-Dimensional in Vitro Models to Study Tumor Angiogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:337-346. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Bray
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove 4059 Queensland Australia
- Mater
Research Institute - University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD Australia
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz
Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
- Center
for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
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32
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He L, Chen W, Wu PH, Jimenez A, Wong BS, San A, Konstantopoulos K, Wirtz D. Local 3D matrix confinement determines division axis through cell shape. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6994-7011. [PMID: 26515603 PMCID: PMC4872764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How the division axis is determined in mammalian cells embedded in three-dimensional (3D) matrices remains elusive, despite that many types of cells divide in 3D environments. Cells on two-dimensional (2D) substrates typically round up completely to divide. Here, we show that in 3D collagen matrices, mammalian cells such as HT1080 human fibrosarcoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exhibit division modes distinct from their Counterparts on 2D substrates, with a markedly higher fraction of cells remaining highly elongated through mitosis in 3D matrices. The long axis of elongated mitotic cells accurately predicts the division axis, independently of matrix density and cell-matrix interactions. This 3D-specific elongated division mode is determined by the local confinement produced by the matrix and the ability of cells to protrude and locally remodel the matrix via β1 integrin. Elongated division is readily recapitulated using collagen-coated microfabricated channels. Cells depleted of β1 integrin still divide in the elongated mode in microchannels, suggesting that 3D confinement is sufficient to induce the elongated cell-division phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Angela Jimenez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Angela San
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.,Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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33
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Nierode GJ, Perea BC, McFarland SK, Pascoal JF, Clark DS, Schaffer DV, Dordick JS. High-Throughput Toxicity and Phenotypic Screening of 3D Human Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures on a Microarray Chip Platform. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:970-982. [PMID: 28157485 PMCID: PMC5106528 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3D cell culture chip was used for high-throughput screening of a human neural progenitor cell line. The differential toxicity of 24 compounds was determined on undifferentiated and differentiating NPCs. Five compounds led to significant differences in IC50 values between undifferentiated and differentiating cultures. This platform has potential use in phenotypic screening to elucidate molecular toxicology on human stem cells. Demonstrated chip platform for HTS of protein expression and toxicity of 3D cultures Dose-response viability and proliferation of a 24-compound library on human NPC lines Assessed differential toxicity between progenitors and differentiating progeny Identified five compounds more toxic to undifferentiated progenitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Nierode
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Brian C Perea
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sean K McFarland
- Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jorge F Pascoal
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Carvalho MR, Lima D, Reis RL, Correlo VM, Oliveira JM. Evaluating Biomaterial- and Microfluidic-Based 3D Tumor Models. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 33:667-678. [PMID: 26603572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a disease burden estimated to increase over the coming decades. Disease heterogeneity and limited information on cancer biology and disease mechanisms are aspects that 2D cell cultures fail to address. Here, we review the current ‘state-of-the-art’ in 3D tissue-engineering (TE) models developed for, and used in, cancer research. We assess the potential for scaffold-based TE models and microfluidics to fill the gap between 2D models and clinical application. We also discuss recent advances in combining the principles of 3D TE models and microfluidics, with a special focus on biomaterials and the most promising chip-based 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Carvalho
- 3Bs Research Group (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics), University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, 4806-909 Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Daniela Lima
- 3Bs Research Group (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics), University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, 4806-909 Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics), University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, 4806-909 Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3Bs Research Group (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics), University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, 4806-909 Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group (Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics), University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Taipas, Guimarães, 4806-909 Portugal; ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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35
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Jonczyk R, Kurth T, Lavrentieva A, Walter JG, Scheper T, Stahl F. Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts. MICROARRAYS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:E11. [PMID: 27600077 PMCID: PMC5003487 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cell microarrays are a highly efficient cellular screening system. Due to the low number of cells required per spot, cell microarrays enable the use of primary and stem cells and provide resolution close to the single-cell level. Apart from a variety of conventional static designs, microfluidic microarray systems have also been established. An alternative format is a microarray consisting of three-dimensional cell constructs ranging from cell spheroids to cells encapsulated in hydrogel. These systems provide an in vivo-like microenvironment and are preferably used for the investigation of cellular physiology, cytotoxicity, and drug screening. Thus, many different high-tech microarray platforms are currently available. Disadvantages of many systems include their high cost, the requirement of specialized equipment for their manufacture, and the poor comparability of results between different platforms. In this article, we provide an overview of static, microfluidic, and 3D cell microarrays. In addition, we describe a simple method for the printing of living cell microarrays on modified microscope glass slides using standard DNA microarray equipment available in most laboratories. Applications in research and diagnostics are discussed, e.g., the selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers. Finally, we highlight current limitations and the future prospects of living cell microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jonczyk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Tracy Kurth
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
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Shin S, Seo J, Han H, Kang S, Kim H, Lee T. Bio-Inspired Extreme Wetting Surfaces for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E116. [PMID: 28787916 PMCID: PMC5456462 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological creatures with unique surface wettability have long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers. More specifically, materials exhibiting extreme wetting properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in various applications, such as self-cleaning fabrics, anti-fog windows, anti-corrosive coatings, drag-reduction systems, and efficient water transportation. In particular, the engineering of surface wettability by manipulating chemical properties and structure opens emerging biomedical applications ranging from high-throughput cell culture platforms to biomedical devices. This review describes design and fabrication methods for artificial extreme wetting surfaces. Next, we introduce some of the newer and emerging biomedical applications using extreme wetting surfaces. Current challenges and future prospects of the surfaces for potential biomedical applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Shin
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Heetak Han
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Subin Kang
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Gaharwar AK, Arpanaei A, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. 3D Biomaterial Microarrays for Regenerative Medicine: Current State-of-the-Art, Emerging Directions and Future Trends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:771-781. [PMID: 26607415 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) biomaterial microarrays hold enormous promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to accelerate the design and fabrication of biomimetic materials. Such tissue-like biomaterials can provide an appropriate microenvironment for stimulating and controlling stem cell differentiation into tissue-specific lineages. The use of 3D biomaterial microarrays can, if optimized correctly, result in a more than 1000-fold reduction in biomaterials and cells consumption when engineering optimal materials combinations, which makes these miniaturized systems very attractive for tissue engineering and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ayyoob Arpanaei
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, 2800, Kgs, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, 2800, Kgs, Denmark
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Sarkar J, Kumar A. Thermo-responsive polymer aided spheroid culture in cryogel based platform for high throughput drug screening. Analyst 2016; 141:2553-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00356g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and widely applicable cryogel-based high throughput platform for spheroid culture in the presence of a thermo-responsive polymer and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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Nishida Y, Taniguchi A. A three-dimensional collagen-sponge-based culture system coated with simplified recombinant fibronectin improves the function of a hepatocyte cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:271-277. [PMID: 26714750 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are widely used in pharmaceutical drug discovery tests, but their hepatic functions decrease rapidly during in vitro culture. Many culture systems have been devised to address this problem. We here report that a three-dimensional (3D) collagen-based scaffold coated with simplified recombinant fibronectin (FN) enhanced the function of a hepatocyte cell line. The developed culture system uses a honeycomb collagen sponge coated with collagen-binding domain (CBD)-cell attachment site (CAS), a chimeric protein comprising the CBD and CAS of FN. The function of HepG2 cells grown on honeycomb collagen sponge coated with CBD-CAS was investigated by determining the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of several genes. The mRNA expression level of albumin increased 3.25 times in cells grown on CBD-CAS-coated honeycomb collagen sponge for 3 days; the expression level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) increased 40-fold after 1 d and up to 150-fold after 3 d. These results suggested that CBD-CAS-coated honeycomb collagen sponge could improve the functions of hepatocytes by inducing C/EBPα expression. The activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in HepG2 cells grown on CBD-CAS-coated honeycomb collagen sponge was measured at the mRNA level and was found to increase between two and six times compared to cells grown without the CBD-CAS coating, showing that this culture system induced CYP gene expression and thus may be useful in drug metabolism assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Nishida
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Life Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Life Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan. .,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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Joshi P, Lee MY. High Content Imaging (HCI) on Miniaturized Three-Dimensional (3D) Cell Cultures. BIOSENSORS 2015; 5:768-90. [PMID: 26694477 PMCID: PMC4697144 DOI: 10.3390/bios5040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High content imaging (HCI) is a multiplexed cell staining assay developed for better understanding of complex biological functions and mechanisms of drug action, and it has become an important tool for toxicity and efficacy screening of drug candidates. Conventional HCI assays have been carried out on two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer cultures, which in turn limit predictability of drug toxicity/efficacy in vivo; thus, there has been an urgent need to perform HCI assays on three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Although 3D cell cultures better mimic in vivo microenvironments of human tissues and provide an in-depth understanding of the morphological and functional features of tissues, they are also limited by having relatively low throughput and thus are not amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS). One attempt of making 3D cell culture amenable for HTS is to utilize miniaturized cell culture platforms. This review aims to highlight miniaturized 3D cell culture platforms compatible with current HCI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Joshi
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street Cleveland, Ohio, OH 44115-2214, USA.
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street Cleveland, Ohio, OH 44115-2214, USA.
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Bomo J, Ezan F, Tiaho F, Bellamri M, Langouët S, Theret N, Baffet G. Increasing 3D Matrix Rigidity Strengthens Proliferation and Spheroid Development of Human Liver Cells in a Constant Growth Factor Environment. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:708-20. [PMID: 26331987 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the growth and shape of virtually all tissues and organs. Recent studies show that increased cell contractibility, growth and differentiation might be normalized by modulating cell tensions. Particularly, the role of these tensions applied by the extracellular matrix during liver fibrosis could influence the hepatocarcinogenesis process. The objective of this study is to determine if 3D stiffness could influence growth and phenotype of normal and transformed hepatocytes and to integrate extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness to tensional homeostasis. We have developed an appropriate 3D culture model: hepatic cells within three-dimensional collagen matrices with varying rigidity. Our results demonstrate that the rigidity influenced the cell phenotype and induced spheroid clusters development whereas in soft matrices, Huh7 transformed cells were less proliferative, well-spread and flattened. We confirmed that ERK1 played a predominant role over ERK2 in cisplatin-induced death, whereas ERK2 mainly controlled proliferation. As compared to 2D culture, 3D cultures are associated with epithelial markers expression. Interestingly, proliferation of normal hepatocytes was also induced in rigid gels. Furthermore, biotransformation activities are increased in 3D gels, where CYP1A2 enzyme can be highly induced/activated in primary culture of human hepatocytes embedded in the matrix. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increasing 3D rigidity could promote proliferation and spheroid developments of liver cells demonstrating that 3D collagen gels are an attractive tool for studying rigidity-dependent homeostasis of the liver cells embedded in the matrix and should be privileged for both chronic toxicological and pharmacological drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bomo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - François Tiaho
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Theret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
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Ahlf Wheatcraft DR, Liu X, Hummon AB. Sample preparation strategies for mass spectrometry imaging of 3D cell culture models. J Vis Exp 2014:52313. [PMID: 25549242 PMCID: PMC4396945 DOI: 10.3791/52313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional cell cultures are attractive models for biological research. They combine the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of cell culture with some of the spatial and molecular complexity of tissue. For example, many cell lines form 3D structures given appropriate in vitro conditions. Colon cancer cell lines form 3D cell culture spheroids, in vitro mimics of avascular tumor nodules. While immunohistochemistry and other classical imaging methods are popular for monitoring the distribution of specific analytes, mass spectrometric imaging examines the distribution of classes of molecules in an unbiased fashion. While MALDI mass spectrometric imaging was originally developed to interrogate samples obtained from humans or animal models, this report describes the analysis of in vitro three dimensional cell cultures, including improvements in sample preparation strategies. Herein is described methods for growth, harvesting, sectioning, washing, and analysis of 3D cell cultures via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging. Using colon carcinoma 3D cell cultures as a model system, this protocol demonstrates the ability to monitor analytes in an unbiased fashion across the 3D cell culture system with MALDI-MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy R Ahlf Wheatcraft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame;
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Culture phases, cytotoxicity and protein expressions of agarose hydrogel induced Sp2/0, A549, MCF-7 cell line 3D cultures. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:429-41. [PMID: 25371010 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cell cultures are occurring at a rapid pace, an important direction is culturing cells in 3D conditions. We demonstrate the usefulness of agarose hydrogels in obtaining 3 dimensional aggregates of three cell lines, A549, MCF-7 and Sp2/0. The differences in culture phases, susceptibility to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity are studied. Also, the 3D aggregates of the three cell lines were reverted into 2D cultures and the protein profile differences among the 2D, 3D and revert cultures were studied. The analysis of protein profile differences using UniProt data base further augment the usefulness of agarose hydrogels for obtaining 3D cell cultures.
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45
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Montanez-Sauri SI, Beebe DJ, Sung KE. Microscale screening systems for 3D cellular microenvironments: platforms, advances, and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:237-49. [PMID: 25274061 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in studying cells using more in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments has created a need for advanced 3D screening platforms with enhanced functionalities and increased throughput. 3D screening platforms that better mimic in vivo microenvironments with enhanced throughput would provide more in-depth understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of microenvironments. The platforms would also better predict the toxicity and efficacy of potential drugs in physiologically relevant conditions. Traditional 3D culture models (e.g., spinner flasks, gyratory rotation devices, non-adhesive surfaces, polymers) were developed to create 3D multicellular structures. However, these traditional systems require large volumes of reagents and cells, and are not compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) systems. Microscale technology offers the miniaturization of 3D cultures and allows efficient screening of various conditions. This review will discuss the development, most influential works, and current advantages and challenges of microscale culture systems for screening cells in 3D microenvironments.
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Herbáth M, Papp K, Balogh A, Matkó J, Prechl J. Exploiting fluorescence for multiplex immunoassays on protein microarrays. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2014; 2:032001. [PMID: 29148470 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/2/3/032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein microarray technology is becoming the method of choice for identifying protein interaction partners, detecting specific proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, or for characterizing protein interactions and serum antibodies in a massively parallel manner. Availability of the well-established instrumentation of DNA arrays and development of new fluorescent detection instruments promoted the spread of this technique. Fluorescent detection has the advantage of high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and wide dynamic range required by most measurements. Fluorescence through specifically designed probes and an increasing variety of detection modes offers an excellent tool for such microarray platforms. Measuring for example the level of antibodies, their isotypes and/or antigen specificity simultaneously can offer more complex and comprehensive information about the investigated biological phenomenon, especially if we take into consideration that hundreds of samples can be measured in a single assay. Not only body fluids, but also cell lysates, extracted cellular components, and intact living cells can be analyzed on protein arrays for monitoring functional responses to printed samples on the surface. As a rapidly evolving area, protein microarray technology offers a great bulk of information and new depth of knowledge. These are the features that endow protein arrays with wide applicability and robust sample analyzing capability. On the whole, protein arrays are emerging new tools not just in proteomics, but glycomics, lipidomics, and are also important for immunological research. In this review we attempt to summarize the technical aspects of planar fluorescent microarray technology along with the description of its main immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Herbáth
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
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Grigore A, Sarker B, Fabry B, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R. Behavior of Encapsulated MG-63 Cells in RGD and Gelatine-Modified Alginate Hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2140-50. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grigore
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bapi Sarker
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Oliveira MB, Neto AI, Correia CR, Rial-Hermida MI, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Mano JF. Superhydrophobic chips for cell spheroids high-throughput generation and drug screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9488-9495. [PMID: 24865973 DOI: 10.1021/am5018607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We suggest the use of biomimetic superhydrophobic patterned chips produced by a benchtop methodology as low-cost and waste-free platforms for the production of arrays of cell spheroids/microtissues by the hanging drop methodology. Cell spheroids have a wide range of applications in biotechnology fields. For drug screening, they allow studying 3D models in structures resembling real living tissues/tumors. In tissue engineering, they are suggested as building blocks of bottom-up fabricated tissues. We used the wettability contrast of the chips to fix cell suspension droplets in the wettable regions and evaluated on-chip drug screening in 3D environment. Cell suspensions were patterned in the wettable spots by three distinct methods: (1) by pipetting the cell suspension directly in each individual spot, (2) by the continuous dragging of a cell suspension on the chip, and (3) by dipping the whole chip in a cell suspension. These methods allowed working with distinct throughputs and degrees of precision. The platforms were robust, and we were able to have static or dynamic environments in each droplet. The access to cell culture media for exchange or addition/removal of components was versatile and opened the possibility of using each spot of the chip as a mini-bioreactor. The platforms' design allowed for samples visualization and high-content image-based analysis on-chip. The combinatorial analysis capability of this technology was validated by following the effect of doxorubicin at different concentrations on spheroids formed using L929 and SaOs-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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Pamies D, Hartung T, Hogberg HT. Biological and medical applications of a brain-on-a-chip. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1096-1107. [PMID: 24912505 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214537738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire to develop and evaluate drugs as potential countermeasures for biological and chemical threats requires test systems that can also substitute for the clinical trials normally crucial for drug development. Current animal models have limited predictivity for drug efficacy in humans as the large majority of drugs fails in clinical trials. We have limited understanding of the function of the central nervous system and the complexity of the brain, especially during development and neuronal plasticity. Simple in vitro systems do not represent physiology and function of the brain. Moreover, the difficulty of studying interactions between human genetics and environmental factors leads to lack of knowledge about the events that induce neurological diseases. Microphysiological systems (MPS) promise to generate more complex in vitro human models that better simulate the organ's biology and function. MPS combine different cell types in a specific three-dimensional (3D) configuration to simulate organs with a concrete function. The final aim of these MPS is to combine different "organoids" to generate a human-on-a-chip, an approach that would allow studies of complex physiological organ interactions. The recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) gives a range of possibilities allowing cellular studies of individuals with different genetic backgrounds (e.g., human disease models). Application of iPSCs from different donors in MPS gives the opportunity to better understand mechanisms of the disease and can be a novel tool in drug development, toxicology, and medicine. In order to generate a brain-on-a-chip, we have established a 3D model from human iPSCs based on our experience with a 3D rat primary aggregating brain model. After four weeks of differentiation, human 3D aggregates stain positive for different neuronal markers and show higher gene expression of various neuronal differentiation markers compared to 2D cultures. Here we present the applications and challenges of this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Konstanz, POB 600, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Konstanz, POB 600, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Konstanz, POB 600, Konstanz 78457, Germany
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50
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Malinen MM, Kanninen LK, Corlu A, Isoniemi HM, Lou YR, Yliperttula ML, Urtti AO. Differentiation of liver progenitor cell line to functional organotypic cultures in 3D nanofibrillar cellulose and hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5110-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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