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Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Patil TV, Randhawa A, Lim KT. Unraveling the potential of 3D bioprinted immunomodulatory materials for regulating macrophage polarization: State-of-the-art in bone and associated tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:284-310. [PMID: 37303852 PMCID: PMC10248805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-assisted immunomodulation is an alternative strategy in tissue engineering, wherein the interplay between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage cells and body cells determines the fate of healing or inflammation. Although several reports have demonstrated that tissue regeneration depends on spatial and temporal regulation of the biophysical or biochemical microenvironment of the biomaterial, the underlying molecular mechanism behind immunomodulation is still under consideration for developing immunomodulatory scaffolds. Currently, most fabricated immunomodulatory platforms reported in the literature show regenerative capabilities of a particular tissue, for example, endogenous tissue (e.g., bone, muscle, heart, kidney, and lungs) or exogenous tissue (e.g., skin and eye). In this review, we briefly introduced the necessity of the 3D immunomodulatory scaffolds and nanomaterials, focusing on material properties and their interaction with macrophages for general readers. This review also provides a comprehensive summary of macrophage origin and taxonomy, their diverse functions, and various signal transduction pathways during biomaterial-macrophage interaction, which is particularly helpful for material scientists and clinicians for developing next-generation immunomodulatory scaffolds. From a clinical standpoint, we briefly discussed the role of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and/or nanomaterial composites for macrophage-assisted tissue engineering with a special focus on bone and associated tissues. Finally, a summary with expert opinion is presented to address the challenges and future necessity of 3D bioprinted immunomodulatory materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V. Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Chen XY, Yan MY, Liu Q, Yu BX, Cen Y, Li SY. Chimeric Peptide Engineered Bioregulator for Metastatic Tumor Immunotherapy through Macrophage Polarization and Phagocytosis Restoration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16056-16068. [PMID: 37578051 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in solid tumor tissues, which restrict antitumor immunity by releasing tumor-supporting cytokines and attenuating phagocytosis behaviors. In this work, a chimeric peptide engineered bioregulator (ChiP-RS) is constructed for tumor immunotherapy through macrophage polarization and phagocytosis restoration. ChiP-RS is fabricated by utilizing macrophage-targeting chimeric peptide (ChiP) to load Toll-like receptor agonists (R848) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) inhibitor (SHP099). Among which, ChiP-RS prefers to be internalized by TAMs, repolarizing M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, SHP-2 can be downregulated to promote phagocytotic elimination behaviors of M1 macrophages, which will also activate T cell-based antitumor immunity for metastatic tumor therapy. In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate a superior suppression effect of ChiP-RS against metastatic tumors without systemic side effects. Such a simple but effective nanoplatform provides sophisticated synergism for immunotherapy, which may facilitate the development of translational nanomedicine for metastatic tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yi Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Xue Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China
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Ghilan A, Nicu R, Ciolacu DE, Ciolacu F. Insight into the Latest Medical Applications of Nanocellulose. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4447. [PMID: 37374630 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs) are appealing nanomaterials that have experienced rapid development in recent years, with great potential in the biomedical field. This trend aligns with the increasing demand for sustainable materials, which will contribute both to an improvement in wellbeing and an extension of human life, and with the demand to keep up with advances in medical technology. In recent years, due to the diversity of their physical and biological properties and the possibility of tuning them according to the desired goal, these nanomaterials represent a point of maximum interest in the medical field. Applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressing, medical implants or those in cardiovascular health are some of the applications in which NCs have been successfully used. This review presents insight into the latest medical applications of NCs, in the forms of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), with an emphasis on the domains that have recently experienced remarkable growth, namely wound dressing, tissue engineering and drug delivery. In order to highlight only the most recent achievements, the presented information is focused on studies from the last 3 years. Approaches to the preparation of NCs are discussed either by top-down (chemical or mechanical degradation) or by bottom-up (biosynthesis) techniques, along with their morphological characterization and unique properties, such as mechanical and biological properties. Finally, the main challenges, limitations and future research directions of NCs are identified in a sustained effort to identify their effective use in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghilan
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Qu H, Wang K, Lin Z, Li S, Tang C, Yin C. Cellulose nanocrystal as an enhancing core for antitumor polymeric micelles to overcome biological barriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124337. [PMID: 37030467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are extensively studied nanocarriers to improve the solubility, blood circulation, biodistribution, and adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the antitumor efficacy of polymeric micelles is often restricted due to multiple biological barriers, including blood fluid shear stress (FSS) and limited tumor penetration in vivo. Herein, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as a green material with rigidity and rod-shaped structure is developed to be an enhancing core for polymeric micelles to overcome these biological barriers. Doxorubicin (DOX) loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (D, L-lactic acid) (mPEG-PLA, PP) ligated CNC nanoparticles (PPC/DOX NPs) are fabricated via one-pot synthesis. In comparison to the self-assembled DOX loaded mPEG-PLA micelles (PP/DOX NPs), PPC/DOX NPs exhibit remarkable improvements in FSS resistance, cellular internalization, blood circulation, tumor penetration, and antitumor efficacy owing to the unique rigidity and rod-shaped structure of CNC core. Moreover, PPC/DOX NPs present various advantages beyond DOX·HCl and CNC/DOX NPs. The superiority of PPC/DOX NPs in antitumor efficacy reveals the effectiveness of adopting CNC as the enhancing core for polymeric micelles, suggesting that CNC is a promising biomaterial in advancing nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ziyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Patel DK, Ganguly K, Dutta SD, Patil TV, Lim KT. Cellulose nanocrystals vs. cellulose nanospheres: A comparative study of cytotoxicity and macrophage polarization potential. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120464. [PMID: 36657847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose application has been increasing owing to its appealing physicochemical properties. Monitoring of the crystallinity, surface topography, and reactivity of this high-aspect-ratio nanomaterial is crucial for efficient tissue engineering. Controlling macrophage polarization phenotype remains a challenge in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Herein, we monitored the effects of shape-regulated (rod and spherical) nanocellulose on the macrophage modulatory potential of RAW 246.7 cells in vitro. Spherical nanocellulose (s-NC) exhibited higher thermal stability and biocompatibility than rod nanocellulose. Macrophage polarization was profoundly affected by nanocellulose topography and incubation period. M2 polarization was observed in vitro after 1 day of treatment with s-NC, followed by M1 polarization after treatment for longer periods. Transcriptome analysis similarly revealed that M1 polarization was dominant after 1 day h of incubation with both nanocellulose types. These findings demonstrate that macrophage polarization can be controlled by selecting suitable nanocellulose shape and incubation time for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Erdem JS, Závodná T, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Hron T, Anmarkrud KH, Kuśnierczyk A, Catalán J, Ellingsen DG, Topinka J, Zienolddiny-Narui S. High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111123. [PMID: 36776851 PMCID: PMC9911541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhalation of nanomaterials may induce inflammation in the lung which if left unresolved can manifest in pulmonary fibrosis. In these processes, alveolar macrophages have an essential role and timely modulation of the macrophage phenotype is imperative in the onset and resolution of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate, the immunomodulating properties of two industrially relevant high aspect ratio nanomaterials, namely nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in an alveolar macrophage model. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophages were exposed at air-liquid interface to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and two MWCNT (NM-400 and NM-401). Following exposure, changes in macrophage polarization markers and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Furthermore, the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation in nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization was investigated by assessing changes in epigenetic regulatory enzymes, miRNAs, and rRNA modifications. Results Our data illustrate that the investigated nanomaterials trigger phenotypic changes in alveolar macrophages, where CNF exposure leads to enhanced M1 phenotype and MWCNT promotes M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure induced more prominent epigenetic regulatory events with changes in the expression of histone modification and DNA methylation enzymes as well as in miRNA transcript levels. MWCNT-enhanced changes in the macrophage phenotype were correlated with prominent downregulation of the histone methyltransferases Kmt2a and Smyd5 and histone deacetylases Hdac4, Hdac9 and Sirt1 indicating that both histone methylation and acetylation events may be critical in the Th2 responses to MWCNT. Furthermore, MWCNT as well as CNF exposure led to altered miRNA levels, where miR-155-5p, miR-16-1-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-27a-5p were significantly regulated by both materials. PANTHER pathway analysis of the identified miRNA targets showed that both materials affected growth factor (PDGF, EGF and FGF), Ras/MAPKs, CCKR, GnRH-R, integrin, and endothelin signaling pathways. These pathways are important in inflammation or in the activation, polarization, migration, and regulation of phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In addition, pathways involved in interleukin, WNT and TGFB signaling were highly enriched following MWCNT exposure. Conclusion Together, these data support the importance of macrophage phenotypic changes in the onset and resolution of inflammation and identify epigenetic patterns in macrophages which may be critical in nanomaterial-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Johanna Samulin Erdem,
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Department of Work Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Bomb K, Pradhan L, Zhang Q, Jarai BM, Bhattacharjee A, Burris DL, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. Destructive fibrotic teamwork: how both microenvironment stiffness and profibrotic interleukin 13 impair alveolar macrophage phenotype and function. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5689-5706. [PMID: 36018297 PMCID: PMC9632634 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary fibrotic microenvironment is characterized by increased stiffness of lung tissue and enhanced secretion of profibrotic soluble cues contributing to a feedback loop that leads to dysregulated wound healing and lung failure. Pinpointing the individual and tandem effects of profibrotic stimuli in impairing immune cell response remains difficult and is needed for improved therapeutic strategies. We utilized a statistical design of experiment (DOE) to investigate how microenvironment stiffness and interleukin 13 (IL13), a profibrotic soluble factor linked with disease severity, contribute to the impaired macrophage response commonly observed in pulmonary fibrosis. We used engineered bioinspired hydrogels of different stiffness, ranging from healthy to fibrotic lung tissue, and cultured murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) with or without IL13 to quantify cell response and analyze independent and synergistic effects. We found that, while both stiffness and IL13 independently influence macrophage morphology, phenotype, phagocytosis and efferocytosis, these factors work synergistically to exacerbate impaired macrophage phenotype and efferocytosis. These unique findings provide insights into how macrophages in fibrotic conditions are not as effective in clearing debris, contributing to fibrosis initiation/progression, and more broadly inform how underlying drivers of fibrosis modulate immune cell response to facilitate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bomb
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Lina Pradhan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Bader M Jarai
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | | | - David L Burris
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - April M Kloxin
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Bekić M, Vasiljević M, Stojanović D, Kokol V, Mihajlović D, Vučević D, Uskoković P, Čolić M, Tomić S. Phosphonate-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals Potentiate the Th1 Polarising Capacity of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells via GABA-B Receptor. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3191-3216. [PMID: 35909813 PMCID: PMC9329576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s362038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Phosphonates, like 3-AminoPropylphosphonic Acid (ApA), possess a great potential for the therapy of bone tumours, and their delivery via cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) seems a promising approach for their increased efficacy in target tissues. However, the immunological effects of CNC-phosphonates have not been investigated thoroughly. The main aim was to examine how the modification of CNCs with phosphonate affects their immunomodulatory properties in human cells. Methods Wood-based native (n) CNCs were modified via oxidation (ox-CNCs) and subsequent conjugation with ApA (ApA-CNCs). CNCs were characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation. Cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory potential of CNCs were investigated in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs)/T cells co-cultures by monitoring phenotype, cytokines production, allostimulatory and Th/Treg polarisation capacity. Results AFM showed an increase in CNCs' thickens, elasticity modulus and hardness during the modification with ApA. When applied at non-toxic doses, nCNCs showed a tolerogenic potential upon internalisation by MoDCs, as judged by their increased capacity to up-regulate tolerogenic markers and induce regulatory T cells (Treg), especially when present during the differentiation of MoDCs. In contrast, ox- and ApA-CNCs induced oxidative stress and autophagy in MoDCs, which correlated with their stimulatory effect on the maturation of MoDCs, but also inhibition of MoDCs differentiation. ApA-CNC-treated MoDCs displayed the highest allostimulatory and Th1/CTL polarising activity in co-cultures with T cells. These effects of ApA-CNCs were mediated via GABA-B receptor-induced lowering of cAMP levels in MoDCs, and they could be blocked by GABA-B receptor inhibitor. Moreover, the Th1 polarising and allostimulatory capacity of MoDCs differentiated with ApA-CNC were largely preserved upon the maturation of MoDCs, whereas nCNC- and ox-CNC-differentiated MoDCs displayed an increased tolerogenic potential. Conclusion The delivery of ApA via CNCs induces potent DC-mediated Th1 polarisation, which could be beneficial in their potential application in tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bekić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Vasiljević
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dušica Stojanović
- Department for Construction and Special Materials, Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Kokol
- Department of Textile Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Department for Construction and Special Materials, Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tracking Bacterial Nanocellulose in Animal Tissues by Fluorescence Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152605. [PMID: 35957036 PMCID: PMC9370207 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of nanomaterials in food technology is nowadays well-established. However, their commercial use requires a careful risk assessment, in particular concerning the fate of nanomaterials in the human body. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a nanofibrillar polysaccharide, has been used as a food product for many years in Asia. However, given its nano-character, several toxicological studies must be performed, according to the European Food Safety Agency’s guidance. Those should especially answer the question of whether nanoparticulate cellulose is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. This raises the need to develop a screening technique capable of detecting isolated nanosized particles in biological tissues. Herein, the potential of a cellulose-binding module fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP–CBM) to detect single bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) obtained by acid hydrolysis was assessed. Adsorption studies were performed to characterize the interaction of GFP–CBM with BNC and BCNC. Correlative electron light microscopy was used to demonstrate that isolated BCNC may be detected by fluorescence microscopy. The uptake of BCNC by macrophages was also assessed. Finally, an exploratory 21-day repeated-dose study was performed, wherein Wistar rats were fed daily with BNC. The presence of BNC or BCNC throughout the GIT was observed only in the intestinal lumen, suggesting that cellulose particles were not absorbed. While a more comprehensive toxicological study is necessary, these results strengthen the idea that BNC can be considered a safe food additive.
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Analysis of the In Vitro Toxicity of Nanocelluloses in Human Lung Cells as Compared to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091432. [PMID: 35564141 PMCID: PMC9104944 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNM), comprising cellulose microfibrils (CMF), nanofibrils (CNF), and nanocrystals (CNC), are being recognized as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their natural and renewable source, attractive properties, and potential for applications with industrial and economical value. Thus, it is crucial to investigate their potential toxicity before starting their production at a larger scale. The present study aimed at evaluating the cell internalization and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CMNM as compared to two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), NM-401 and NM-402, in A549 cells. The exposure to all studied NM, with the exception of CNC, resulted in evident cellular uptake, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. However, none of the CMNM induced cytotoxic effects, in contrast to the cytotoxicity observed for the MWCNT. Furthermore, no genotoxicity was observed for CNF, CNC, and NM-402 (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay), while CMF and NM-401 were able to significantly raise micronucleus frequency. Only NM-402 was able to induce ROS formation, although it did not induce micronuclei. Thus, it is unlikely that the observed CMF and NM-401 genotoxicity is mediated by oxidative DNA damage. More studies targeting other genotoxicity endpoints and cellular and molecular events are underway to allow for a more comprehensive safety assessment of these nanocelluloses.
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Nicu R, Ciolacu F, Ciolacu DE. Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1125. [PMID: 34452086 PMCID: PMC8399340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising "green" materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals-CNC, cellulose nanofibrils-CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose-BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E. Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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12
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Musino D, Devcic J, Lelong C, Luche S, Rivard C, Dalzon B, Landrot G, Rabilloud T, Capron I. Impact of Physico-Chemical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Suspensions on Their Biocidal and Toxicological Effects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1862. [PMID: 34361248 PMCID: PMC8308223 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a demand for nanoparticles that are environmentally acceptable, but simultaneously efficient and low cost. We prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) grafted on a native bio-based substrate (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) with high biocidal activity and no toxicological impact. AgNPs of 10 nm are nucleated on CNCs in aqueous suspension with content from 0.4 to 24.7 wt%. XANES experiments show that varying the NaBH4/AgNO3 molar ratio affects the AgNP oxidation state, while maintaining an fcc structure. AgNPs transition from 10 nm spherical NPs to 300 nm triangular-shaped AgNPrisms induced by H2O2 post-treatment. The 48 h biocidal activity of the hybrid tested on B. Subtilis is intensified with the increase of AgNP content irrespective of the Ag+/Ag0 ratio in AgNPs, while the AgNSphere-AgNPrism transition induces a significant reduction of biocidal activity. A very low minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.016 mg AgNP/mL is determined. A new long-term biocidal activity test (up to 168 h) proved efficiency favorable to the smaller AgNPs. Finally, it is shown that AgNPs have no impact on the phagocytic capacity of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Musino
- INRAE, Institut National de Recherche Pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement, BIA, Biopolymères Interactions et Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France;
| | - Julie Devcic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, CBM, UMR5249, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Cécile Lelong
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, CBM, UMR5249, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Sylvie Luche
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, CBM, UMR5249, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Camille Rivard
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L’Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France; (C.R.); (G.L.)
- INRAE, Institut National de Recherche Pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement, BIA, TRANSFORM, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Bastien Dalzon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, CBM, UMR5249, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Gautier Landrot
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L’Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France; (C.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, CBM, UMR5249, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.D.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Isabelle Capron
- INRAE, Institut National de Recherche Pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement, BIA, Biopolymères Interactions et Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France;
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13
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Xu L, Pan CL, Wu XH, Song JJ, Meng P, Li L, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang ZY. Inhibition of Smad3 in macrophages promotes Aβ efflux from the brain and thereby ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:154-167. [PMID: 33737172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance is believed to be a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and peripheral abnormalities in Aβ clearance have recently been linked to AD pathogenesis and progression. Data from recent genome-wide association studies have linked genetic risk factors associated with altered functions of more immune cells to AD pathology. Here, we first identified correlations of Smad3 signaling activation in peripheral macrophages with AD progression and phagocytosis of Aβ. Then, manipulating the Smad3 signaling regulated macrophage phagocytosis of Aβ and induced switch of macrophage inflammatory phenotypes in our cell cultures. In our mouse models, flag-tagged or fluorescent-dye conjugated Aβ was injected into the lateral ventricles or tail veins, and traced. Interestingly, blocking Smad3 signaling efficiently increased Aβ clearance by macrophages, reduced Aβ in the periphery and thereby enhanced Aβ efflux from the brain. Moreover, in our APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice, Smad3 inhibition significantly attenuated Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation, and ameliorated cognitive deficits, probably by enhancing the peripheral clearance of Aβ. In conclusion, enhancing Aβ clearance by peripheral macrophages through Smad3 inhibition attenuated AD-related pathology and cognitive deficits, which may provide a new perspective for understanding AD and finding novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cai-Long Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ping Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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14
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Lin YJ, Qin Z, Paton CM, Fox DM, Kong F. Influence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on permeation through intestinal monolayer and mucus model in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117984. [PMID: 33858577 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a novel ingredient in foods and pharmaceuticals still lacks the safety and functionality information. We aimed to assess the absorption of CNC in small intestine and the effect on cell viability. In the second part, the impact of CNC on substance permeation through mucus layer, including the potential functionality in improving high blood cholesterol, was tested. No noticeable amount of CNC was found to penetrate through differentiated Caco-2 monolayer and in vitro mucus layer, and CNC had low toxicity on Caco-2 cell viability up to 10 mg/mL. CNC at 2 % (w/w) may affect the permeability of the mucus layer and larger molecules are more easily influenced. CNC may also alleviate hypercholesteremia by increasing viscosity of digesta, adsorbing cholesterol, and decreasing bile acids permeation. The results suggest CNC may not penetrate the small intestinal lining and may be used as a functional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 205 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30622, USA
| | - Douglas M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Predeina AL, Dukhinova MS, Vinogradov VV. Bioreactivity of decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds: perspectives for medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10010-10022. [PMID: 33063072 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biomedical applications imply supportive materials to improve protective, antibacterial, and regenerative abilities upon surgical interventions, oncotherapy, regenerative medicine, and others. With the increasing variability of the possible sources, the materials of natural origin are among the safest and most accessible biomedical tools. Animal, plant, and fungal tissues can further undergo decellularization to improve their biocompatibility. Decellularized scaffolds lack the most reactive cellular material, nuclear and cytoplasmic components, that predominantly trigger immune responses. At the same time, the outstanding initial three-dimensional microarchitecture, biomechanical properties, and general composition of the scaffolds are preserved. These unique features make the scaffolds perfect ready-to-use platforms for various biomedical applications, implying cell growth and functionalization. Decellularized materials can be repopulated with various cells upon request, including epithelial, endothelial, muscle and neuronal cells, and applied for structural and functional biorepair within diverse biological sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind scaffold and host tissue interactions remain not fully understood, which significantly restricts their integration into clinical practice. In this review, we address the essential aspects of decellularization, scaffold preparation techniques, and its biochemical composition and properties, which determine the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of the materials. With the integrated evaluation of the scaffold profile in living systems, decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds have the potential to become essential instruments for safe and controllable biomedical applications.
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So BR, Yeo HJ, Lee JJ, Jung YH, Jung SK. Cellulose nanocrystal preparation from Gelidium amansii and analysis of its anti-inflammatory effect on the skin in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117315. [PMID: 33357878 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treated Gelidium amansii cellulose nanocrystal (TGa CNC) was prepared from treated Gelidium amansii (TGa) and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes and mice skin. Using three independent cell lines, TGa CNC showed no cytotoxicity in HaCaT, Beas-2B, and Raw 264.7 cells. A non-toxic dose of TGa CNC suppressed ultraviolet (UV) B-induced AP (activated protein)-1, and subsequent cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene and protein expression in HaCaT cells. TGa CNC suppressed translocation of c-Jun from the cytosol to the nucleus responds to UVB irradiation. Additionally, TGa CNC suppressed UVB-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs)1/2/MEK/2/B-Raf, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2/MKK4/7, Akt, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in HaCaT cells. Dorsal treatment of TGa CNC significantly suppressed acute UVB-induced increase in epidermal thickness and COX-2 expression in mice skin. Overall, these results indicate that TGa CNC exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of abnormal COX-2 expression and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)s signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram So
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Yeo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang J, Zheng M, Wiraja C, Cui M, Yang L, Xu C. Reprogramming of macrophages with macrophage cell membrane-derived nanoghosts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5254-5262. [PMID: 36132036 PMCID: PMC9419214 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages can be polarized to M1 or M2 type with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Nanoparticles have recently been found to be a promising platform to polarize macrophages to desired phenotypes. This article explores the usage of cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (nanoghosts) for reprogramming macrophages. The efficacy and efficiency of this technology are examined via cytokine analysis and immunostaining of the nanoghost-treated cells. We find that several cytokines/chemokines are highly expressed on nanoghosts. In addition, a 2D wound healing model is deployed to reveal their potential application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsun Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mingyue Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
- National Dental Centre of Singapore 5 Second Hospital Ave 168938 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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18
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Čolić M, Tomić S, Bekić M. Immunological aspects of nanocellulose. Immunol Lett 2020; 222:80-89. [PMID: 32278785 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer in the world. Nanoscale forms of cellulose, including cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BC), are very attractive in industry, medicine and pharmacy. Biomedical applications of nanocellulose in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and controlled drug delivery are the most promising. Nanocellulose is considered a biocompatible nanomaterial and relatively safe for biomedical applications. However, more studies are needed to prove this hypothesis, especially those related to chronic exposure to nanocellulose. Besides toxicity, the response of the immune system is of particular importance in this sense. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current-state knowledge of the impact of nanocellulose on the immune system, especially on macrophages and dendritic cells (DC), as the central immunoregulatory cells, which has not been addressed in the literature sufficiently. Nanocellulose, especially CNC, can induce the inflammatory response upon the internalization by macrophages, but this reaction may be significantly modulated by introducing different functional groups on their surface. Our original results showed that nanocellulose has a potent immunotolerogenic potential. Native CNF potentiated the capacity of DC to induce conventional Tregs. When carboxyl groups were introduced on the CNF surface, the tolerogenic potential of DC was shifted towards the induction of regulatory CD8+ T cells, whereas the introduction of phosphonates on CNF surface potentiated DCs' capacity to induce both regulatory CD8+ T cells and Type 1 regulatory (Tr-1) cells. These results are extremely important when considering the application of nanocellulose in vivo, especially for tissue regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia; University of East Sarajevo, Medical Faculty Foča, R.Srpska, BiH; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Kim JW, Woo K, Kim JM, Choi ME, Kim YM, Yang SG, Shim BS, Choi JS. Effect of expanding nanocellulose sponge on nasal mucosal defects in an animal model. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:47-52. [PMID: 32153991 PMCID: PMC7053266 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of applications in biomedical engineering because of its water absorption capacity, appropriate elasticity. We investigated the hemostatic and regenerative abilities of an expanding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-nanocellulose sponge on nasal mucosal defects. A 3 mm-diameter nasal defect was made in experimental rabbits. Rabbits were divided into four groups with control, vaseline, PVA and PVA-nanocellulose packing groups. After the defect was created, bleeding times and amounts were monitored. Packing materials were removed on experimental day (ED) 2. On ED 3, 7 and 14, histological analysis and immunohistochemical study for neutrophils were performed. Inflammatory cells were counted and epithelial thicknesses were evaluated. Bleeding amounts and times in the vaseline packing group were smaller than in the PVA groups. PVA-nanocellulose group showed less neutrophils than in the other groups on ED 7. Average epithelium thickness in the PVA-nanocellulose group was significantly smaller than in the control group at ED 7, but at ED 14, there was no significant intergroup difference. PVA-nanocellulose group had a significant lower inflammatory cell count than the control group on ED 7. PVA-nanocellulose sponge applied to nasal mucosal defects can significantly enhance mucosal regeneration during early wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University, College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungbae Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University, College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University, College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University, College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development, Inha University, College of Medicine, B-308, Chungsuk Bldg., 366, Seohae-Daero, Jung-Gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Sup Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University, College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
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Shazali NAH, Zaidi NE, Ariffin H, Abdullah LC, Ghaemi F, Abdullah JM, Takashima I, Nik Abd Rahman NMA. Characterization and Cellular Internalization of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) into Normal and Cancerous Fibroblasts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3251. [PMID: 31590332 PMCID: PMC6803863 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from commercialized oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose nanofibre (CNF) through sulphuric acid hydrolysis and explore its safeness as a potential nanocarrier. Successful extraction of CNC was confirmed through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transmission infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometry analysis. For subsequent cellular uptake study, the spherical CNC was covalently tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), resulting in negative charged FITC-CNC nanospheres with a dispersity (Ð) of 0.371. MTT assay revealed low degree cytotoxicity for both CNC and FITC-CNC against C6 rat glioma and NIH3T3 normal fibroblasts up to 50 µg/mL. FITC conjugation had no contribution to the particle's toxicity. Through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), synthesized FITC-CNC manifested negligible cellular accumulation, indicating a poor non-selective adsorptive endocytosis into studied cells. Overall, an untargeted CNC-based nanosphere with less cytotoxicity that posed poor selectivity against normal and cancerous cells was successfully synthesized. It can be considered safe and suitable to be developed into targeted nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aima Hafiza Shazali
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorzaileen Eileena Zaidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ferial Ghaemi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Brain Mapping and Neuroinformatics Unit, Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research (P3Neuro), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ichiro Takashima
- Human Informatics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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