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Abo-Elmagd MI, Hassan RM, Aboutabl ME, Amin KM, El-Azzouny AA, Aboul-Enein MN. Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory assessment of certain substituted 1,2,4-triazoles bearing tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold as COX 1/2-inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107577. [PMID: 38941697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aiming to discover effective and safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, a new set of 1,2,4-triazole tetrahydroisoquinoline hybrids 9a-g, 11a-g and 12a-g was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2. In order to overcome the adverse effects of highly selective COX-2 and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, the compounds of this study were designed with the goal of obtaining moderately selective COX-2 inhibitors. In this study compounds 9e, 9g and 11f are the most effective derivatives against COX-2 with IC50 values 0.87, 1.27 and 0.58 µM, respectively which are better than or comparable to the standard drug celecoxib (IC50 = 0.82 µM) but with lower selectivity indices as required by our goal design. The results of the in vivo anti-inflammatory inhibition test revealed that compounds 9e, 9g and 11f displayed a higher significant anti-inflammatory activity than celecoxib at all-time intervals. In addition, these compounds significantly decreased the production of inflammatory mediators PGE-2, TNF-ɑ and IL-6. Compounds 9e, 9g and 11f had a safe gastric profile compared to indomethacin, also compound 11f (ulcerogenic index = 1.33) was less ulcerous than the safe celecoxib (ulcerogenic index = 3). Moreover, histopathological investigations revealed a normal architecture of both paw skin and gastric mucosa after oral treatment of rats with compound 11f. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed on COX-1 and COX-2 to study the binding pattern of compounds 9e, 9g and 11f on both isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai I Abo-Elmagd
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kamilia M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Aida A El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Işık M, Demir Y, Duran HE, Fırat M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Dynamics of small molecule-enzyme interactions: Novel benzenesulfonamides as multi-target agents endowed with inhibitory effects against some metabolic enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110099. [PMID: 39009270 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary medicinal chemistry, employing a singular small molecule to concurrently multi-target disparate molecular entities is emerging as a potent strategy in the ongoing battle against metabolic disease. In this study, we present the meticulous design, synthesis, and comprehensive biological evaluation of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazolylmethylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazolylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives (8a-m) as potential multi-target inhibitors against human carbonic anhydrase (EC.4.2.1.1, hCA I/II), α-glycosidase (EC.3.2.1.20, α-GLY), and α-amylase (EC.3.2.1.1, α-AMY). Each synthesized sulfonamide underwent rigorous assessment for inhibitory effects against four distinct enzymes, revealing varying degrees of hCA I/II, a-GLY, and a-AMY inhibition across the tested compounds. hCA I was notably susceptible to inhibition by all compounds, demonstrating remarkably low inhibition constants (KI) ranging from 42.20 ± 3.90 nM to 217.90 ± 11.81 nM compared to the reference standard AAZ (KI of 439.17 ± 9.30 nM). The evaluation against hCA II showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent inhibition effects with KI values spanning the nanomolar range 16.44 ± 1.53-70.82 ± 4.51 nM, while three specific compounds, namely 8a-b and 8d, showcased lower inhibitory potency than other derivatives that did not exceed that of the reference drug AAZ (with a KI of 98.28 ± 1.69 nM). Moreover, across the spectrum of synthesized compounds, potent inhibition profiles were observed against diabetes mellitus-associated α-GLY (KI values spanning from 0.54 ± 0.06 μM to 5.48 ± 0.50 μM), while significant inhibition effects were noted against α-AMY, with IC50 values ranging between 0.16 ± 0.04 μM and 7.81 ± 0.51 μM) compared to reference standard ACR (KI of 23.53 ± 2.72 μM and IC50 of 48.17 ± 2.34 μM, respectively). Subsequently, these inhibitors were evaluated for their DPPH· and ABTS+· radical scavenging activity. Moreover, molecular docking investigations were meticulously conducted within the active sites of hCA I/II, α-GLY, and α-AMY to provide comprehensive elucidation and rationale for the observed inhibitory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24002, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey.
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Fırat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Ömer İrfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
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Bhat RM, Hegde V, Budagumpi S, Adimule V, Keri RS. Benzimidazole-Oxadiazole Hybrids-Development in Medicinal Chemistry: An Overview. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14609. [PMID: 39155152 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
To increase the success rate of drug discovery, one practical strategy is to begin molecular hybridisation. The presence of two or more pharmacophores in a single unit leads to a pharmacological potency greater than the sum of each individual moiety's potency. Heterocyclic compounds are very widely distributed in nature and are essential for life activities. Benzimidazole and oxadiazole are privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and are widely used in drug discovery and development due to their vast biological properties. The drug-like properties (like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) of the individual scaffolds can be improved by benzimidazole-oxadiazole chimeric molecules via a molecular hybridisation approach. Benzimidazole and oxadiazole cores can either be fused or incorporated using either functional groups/bonds. Over the last few decades, drug discovery scientists have predicted that these moieties could be interconnected to yield a novel or modified hybrid compound. Benzimidazole and oxadiazole hybrids were identified as the most potent anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive and antitubercular agents. In this context, the present review describes the biological properties of benzimidazole-oxadiazole (1,3,4 and 1,2,4) hybrids, their possible structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action studies presented. This review article is intended to stimulate fresh ideas in the search for rational designs of more active and less toxic benzimidazole-oxadiazole hybrid prospective therapeutic candidates, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Madhukar Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-To-Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatraman Hegde
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-To-Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Aurigene Pharmaceutical Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-To-Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak Adimule
- Angadi Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-To-Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Osman NA, Soltan MK, Rezq S, Flaherty J, Romero DG, Abdelkhalek AS. Dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition study of novel 4-arylidine-2-mercapto-1-phenyl-1H-imidazolidin-5(4H)-ones: Design, synthesis, docking, and anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300615. [PMID: 38315093 PMCID: PMC11073913 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Novel arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone derivatives 4a-r were designed and evaluated as multidrug-directed ligands, that is, inflammatory, proinflammatory mediators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors. All of the tested compounds showed cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitory effect more than celecoxib and less than indomethacin and also demonstrated an improved inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Compounds 4f, 4l, and 4p exhibited COX-2 selectivity comparable to that of celecoxib, while 4k was the most selective COX-2 inhibitor. Interestingly, the screened results showed that compound 4k exhibited a superior inhibition effect against 15-LOX and was found to be the most selective COX-2 inhibitor over celecoxib, whereas compound 4f showed promising COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibitory activities besides its inhibitory effect against ROS production and its lowering effect of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels by ∼80%. Moreover, compound 4f attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The preferred binding affinity of these molecules was confirmed by docking studies. We conclude that arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone scaffolds provide promising hits for developing new synthons with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. Soltan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate Oman
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Flaherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Waiker DK, Verma A, A GT, Singh N, Roy A, Dilnashin H, Tiwari V, Trigun SK, Singh SP, Krishnamurthy S, Lama P, Davisson VJ, Shrivastava SK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine and N-Benzylpiperidine Hybrids of 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol as Potential Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37216500 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our present work demonstrates the successful design and synthesis of a new class of compounds based upon a multitargeted directed ligand design approach to discover new agents for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the compounds were tested for their in vitro inhibitory potential against human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butylcholinesterase (hBChE), β-secretase-1 (hBACE-1), and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. Compounds 5d and 5f have shown hAChE and hBACE-1 inhibition comparable to donepezil, while hBChE inhibition was comparable to rivastigmine. Compounds 5d and 5f also demonstrated a significant reduction in the formation of Aβ aggregates through the thioflavin T assay and confocal, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy studies and significantly displaced the total propidium iodide, that is, 54 and 51% at 50 μM concentrations, respectively. Compounds 5d and 5f were devoid of neurotoxic liabilities against RA/BDNF (RA = retinoic acid; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor)-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines at 10-80 μM concentrations. In both the scopolamine- and Aβ-induced mouse models for AD, compounds 5d and 5f demonstrated significant restoration of learning and memory behaviors. A series of ex vivo studies of hippocampal and cortex brain homogenates showed that 5d and 5f elicit decreases in AChE, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels, an increase in glutathione level, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA. The histopathological examination of mice revealed normal neuronal appearance in the hippocampal and cortex regions of the brain. Western blot analysis of the same tissue indicated a reduction in Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Aβ, BACE-1, and tau protein levels, which were non-significant compared to the sham group. The immunohistochemical analysis also showed significantly lower expression of BACE-1 and Aβ levels, which was comparable to donepezil-treated group. Compounds 5d and 5f represent new lead candidates for developing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gajendra T A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anima Roy
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Tech. Block, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vincent Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 479047, United States
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Kumar D, Aggarwal N, Kumar V, Kumar H, Deep A, Bibi S, Chopra H, Kumar Marwaha R, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Hayee A. Synthesis, Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Novel 4-(Substituted phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol/thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-substituted phenyl) Azetidin-2-One Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040517. [PMID: 37111274 PMCID: PMC10146081 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
By exploiting the ample biological potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole ring, 4-substitutedphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol/Thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-substitutedphenyl) azetidin-2-one derivatives were prepared. Various substituted azetidin-2-one derivatives have been identified as immunostimulating and antimicrobial, as well as their antioxidant activity. 2-amino 1,3,4 oxadiazole/thiadiazole conjugates were synthesized by mixing semi/thio carbazides and sodium acetate with water and stirring well, followed by adding aldehydes in methanol at room temperature. Acetate (glacial) was used as the catalyst to produce Schiff’s bases (intermediates) by treating substituted aldehydes with 2-amino 1,3,4 oxadiazole/thiadiazole(s). Using the mixture of triethylamine (dropwise) and chloroacetylchloride with vigorous stirring, 4-substitutedphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol/Thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-substitutedphenyl) azetidin-2-one derivatives were prepared. The newly synthesized conjugates were evaluated for their anticancer potential using MCF-7 cell lines. Amoxicillin and fluconazole were used as reference drugs to determine their antimicrobial activity. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antioxidant properties using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In vitro cytotoxicity screening (MTTS assay) revealed that derivatives AZ-5, 9, 10, 14 and 19 demonstrated high efficacy with the percentage of inhibition at different concentration ranges (0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM) of 89% to 94% μM as compared to doxorubicin as standard drug. The antimicrobial study indicated that compounds AZ-10, 19, and AZ-20 were found to have significant antimicrobial potential with MIC ranges of 3.34 µM to 3.71 µM in comparison to reference drugs having 4.29 µM to 5.10 µM. Based on antioxidant screening, most of the synthetic derivatives showed greater stability and effectiveness than the standard drug. According to the antioxidant screening, compounds AZ-5 and AZ-15 (IC50 = 45.02 μg/mL and 42.88 μg/mL, respectively) showed the greatest potency, as compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 78.63 μg/mL). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of synthesized novel derivatives revealed that para-substituted halogen and nitro derivatives have remarkable potential against MCF-7 cancer cell lines and different microbial strains. Current evidence indicates that the synthesized derivatives may be promising candidates for use in the prevention and treatment of these infections. These synthesized compounds require further mechanism-based research to understand how they interact with the cells.
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Kumar D, Aggarwal N, Deep A, Kumar H, Chopra H, Marwaha RK, Cavalu S. An Understanding of Mechanism-Based Approaches for 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Scaffolds as Cytotoxic Agents and Enzyme Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:254. [PMID: 37259401 PMCID: PMC9963071 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's health system is plagued by cancer and a worldwide effort is underway to find new drugs to treat cancer. There has been a significant improvement in understanding the pathogenesis of cancer, but it remains one of the leading causes of death. The imperative 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold possesses a wide variety of biological activities, particularly for cancer treatment. In the development of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based drugs, structural modifications are important to ensure high cytotoxicity towards malignant cells. These structural modification strategies have shown promising results when combined with outstanding oxadiazole scaffolds, which selectively interact with nucleic acids, enzymes, and globular proteins. A variety of mechanisms, such as the inhibition of growth factors, enzymes, and kinases, contribute to their antiproliferative effects. The activity of different 1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates were tested on the different cell lines of different types of cancer. It is demonstrated that 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybridization with other anticancer pharmacophores have different mechanisms of action by targeting various enzymes (thymidylate synthase, HDAC, topoisomerase II, telomerase, thymidine phosphorylase) and many of the proteins that contribute to cancer cell proliferation. The focus of this review is to highlight the anticancer potential, molecular docking, and SAR studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives by inhibiting specific cancer biological targets, such as inhibiting telomerase activity, HDAC, thymidylate synthase, and the thymidine phosphorylase enzyme. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments and discoveries in the field of anticancer drugs using 1,3,4-oxadiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Navidha Aggarwal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
| | - Harsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Marwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Rohand T, Ben El Ayouchia H, Achtak H, Ghaleb A, Derin Y, Tutar A, Tanemura K. Design, synthesis, DFT calculations, molecular docking and antimicrobial activities of novel cobalt, chromium metal complexes of heterocyclic moiety-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11837-11850. [PMID: 34402765 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1965031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Schiff base, 5-(4-methylphenyl)-4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amino]-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazole as a bidentate ligand has been synthesized by the reaction between the 4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazole and aromatic aldehyde. The Schiff base reacted with CoCl3·6H2O and CrCl3·6H2O in ethanol to yield 1,3,4-oxadiazole complexes. The structures of synthesized ligand and their complexes have been established on the basis of their IR, Mass and 1H-NMR spectra. Electronic and geometric structures of both cobalt and chromium complexes were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) calculations. DFT-based reactivity calculations estimated the studied system as strong electrophile and/or strong nucleophile in polar organic reactions. Moreover, most reactive sites were predicted theoretically based on the delocalized and localized indexes. The nature of Ligand-Metal chemical bonding is discussed in terms of the natural bond orbital (NBO) and QTAIM analysis. Accordingly, the metal ions such as cobalt and chromium are bidentate coordinated with the Schiff base by nitrogen atoms of imine function and pyridine, to form stable complexes. Furthermore, the chromium ions have an affinity superior to the cobalt ions towards Schiff base ligand. In addition, the results of the antibacterial activity in-vitro show that the metal complexation confers an increase in the antibacterial activity of the complexed ligand compared to the free ligand against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with broad spectrum activity. In silico molecular docking studies of the ligands and their complexes were applied to describe the probable binding modes into the active site of Escherichia coli (E. coli) FabH and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 neuraminidase (STNA) receptors. The increase in biological activity could be attributed to the high stability of the complexes and strong affinities to bacterial enzyme receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Rohand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire Safi, Safi, Morocco
| | - Hicham Ben El Ayouchia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire Safi, Safi, Morocco
| | - Hafid Achtak
- Department of Biology, Environment and Health Research Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Adib Ghaleb
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire Safi, Safi, Morocco
| | - Yavuz Derin
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kiyoshi Tanemura
- Chemical Laboratory, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Hamoud MMS, Osman NA, Rezq S, A A Abd El-Wahab H, E A Hassan A, Abdel-Fattah HA, Romero DG, Ghanim AM. Design and Synthesis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors with Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105808. [PMID: 35447409 PMCID: PMC10965220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain new candidates with potential anti-inflammatory activity, two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based derivatives (8a-g) and 1,2,4-triazole based derivatives (10a,b and 11a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for their COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity. In vitro assays showed potent COX-2 inhibitory activity and selectivity of the novel designed compounds (IC50 = 0.04 - 0.16 μM, SI = 60.71 - 337.5) compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.045 μM, SI = 326.67). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated via testing their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and oxidative stress [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)] markers production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Most of the novel compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. In particular, the novel compounds showed excellent IL-6 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.96 - 11.14 μM) when compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 13.04 μM) and diclofenac sodium (IC50 = 22.97 μM). Moreover, the most potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor 11c (IC50 = 0.04 μM, SI = 337.5) displayed significantly higher activity against NO and ROS production compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 2.60 and 3.01 μM vs. 16.47 and 14.30 μM, respectively). Molecular modelling studies of the novel designed molecules into COX-2 active sites analysed their binding affinity. In-silico simulation studies indicated their acceptable physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. This study suggests that the novel synthesized COX-2 inhibitors exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M S Hamoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nermine A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hend A A Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdalla E A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amany M Ghanim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Kaur M, Priya A, Sharma A, Singh A, Banerjee B. Glycine and its derivatives catalyzed one-pot multicomponent synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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11
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Desai N, Monapara J, Jethawa A, Khedkar V, Shingate B. Oxadiazole: A highly versatile scaffold in drug discovery. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200123. [PMID: 35575467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a pharmacologically important heterocycle, oxadiazole paved the way to combat the problem associated with the confluence of many commercially available drugs with different pharmacological profiles. The present review focuses on the potential applications of five-membered heterocyclic oxadiazole derivatives, especially 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as therapeutic agents. Designing new hybrid molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety is a better solution for the development of new drug molecules. The designed molecules may accumulate a biological profile better than those of the drugs currently available on the market. The present review will guide the way for researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry to design new biologically active molecules based on the oxadiazole nucleus. Antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of various oxadiazoles have been reviewed extensively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba Jethawa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapurao Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Halim PA, El-Nassan HB, El-Dash YS. Design and Synthesis of Novel Ibuprofen Derivatives as Selective COX-2 inhibitors and potential anti-inflammatory agents: Evaluation of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and histopathological study. Med Chem 2021; 18:427-443. [PMID: 34370644 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210809162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported binding mode of ibuprofen in the COX-2 binding site indicated that the carboxylic group binds with Arg-120 and Tyr-355 at the entrance of the cyclooxygenase channel and does not extend into the pocket. This accounted for the non-selectivity of ibuprofen. Based on this fact, we assumed that extending the length of the carboxylic acid moiety in ibuprofen and adding more bulky rigid groups as well as bulky groups carrying H-bonding functions might increase the selectivity and reduce the side effects of ibuprofen while maintaining its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE In this work, four series of ibuprofen derivatives were designed and prepared. The compounds were designed by increasing the length of the carboxylate group along with the incorporation of large hydrophobic groups. METHOD Four series of ibuprofen derivatives were synthesized starting from ibuprofen. Their chemical structure was confirmed by spectral data. All the compounds were tested for their COX inhibitory activity. RESULTS The best COX-2 activity and selectivity were obtained with compounds 5c and 5d, which were subjected to further in vivo testing (carrageenan-induced paw edema, rat serum PGE2, TNF- α and IL-6, hot plate latency test) to investigate their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as their effects on the gastric mucosa. The anti-inflammatory activity of both compounds was comparable to that of ibuprofen, diclofenac, and indomethacin. Both compounds suppressed the production of PGE2 as well as the rat serum concentrations of both TNF-α and IL-6. This potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic behavior was not accompanied by any effect on the gastric mucosa. Docking simulation studies of the two compounds explained the higher selectivity for the COX-2 enzyme. CONCLUSION Potent and selective ibuprofen derivatives can be successively obtained by extending the length of the carboxylic acid moiety in ibuprofen and adding more bulky rigid groups as well as bulky groups with H-bonding functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amir Halim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yara Sayed El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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13
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Desai NC, Vaghani HV, Jethawa AM, Khedkar VM. In silico molecular docking studies of oxadiazole and pyrimidine bearing heterocyclic compounds as potential antimicrobial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100134. [PMID: 34169569 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance is a major problem faced by the scientific community. It has created an urgent need to develop antimicrobial agents with novel structures and mechanisms of action. With this aim, a series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing 3,4-dihydropyrimidine heterocyclic motifs 4a-l were designed and synthesized. One-pot Biginelli synthesis is pivotal due to the use of readily available chemicals, shorter reaction time, and ecofriendly synthesis with a good yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were characterized and confirmed by infrared, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The title compounds were screened against Gram-positive and -negative strains of bacteria and fungi using the Mueller-Hinton broth method. Compound 4d was found to be the most promising against Escherichia coli (12.5 µg/ml), whereas the same compound showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Other compounds of the same series, 4c and 4h, displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, results of the antifungal activity tests revealed that compound 4i showed promising activity against all the strains of fungi, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus, at concentrations of 100, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking also showed that these compounds had a significant binding affinity (Glide docking score: -7.74 to -6.531) for DNA gyrase, engaging in a series of bonded and nonbonded interactions with residues lining the active site. The results of molecular docking study validated the experimental findings, thereby providing an initiation mark to optimize this motif using a structure-based drug design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hasit V Vaghani
- Department of Chemistry, Mehsana Urban Institute of Science, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba M Jethawa
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Neha K, Wakode S. Contemporary advances of cyclic molecules proposed for inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113493. [PMID: 34029774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review stretches insight about the advancement (2011-2021) of synthesized non-heterocyclic, heterocyclic and natural occurring cyclic molecules for inflammation. While inflammation is very significant in the abolition of pathogens and other causes of soreness, a protracted inflammatory procedure takes to outcomes in chronic disease that might finally affect in organ failure or damage. Thus, restraining the provocative process by the use of anti-inflammatory agents is chief in controlling this damage. It also reveals other pursuit along with their anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking studies represent most suitable PDB (Protein Data Bank) ID for the synthesized heterocyclic molecules with their selective inhibitor. It discusses the findings presented in recent research papers and provides understanding to researchers intended for the growth of newer combinations/molecules having littler side things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Neha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSR University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), DPSR University, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Kapoor G, Bhutani R, Pathak DP, Chauhan G, Kant R, Grover P, Nagarajan K, Siddiqui SA. Current Advancement in the Oxadiazole-Based Scaffolds as Anticancer Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1886123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kapoor
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rubina Bhutani
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Cathepsin K inhibitors based on 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104662. [PMID: 33626452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of hitherto unknown dipeptides, containing an electrophilic nitrile or a non-electrophilic 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as Cathepsin K (Cat K) inhibitors. From 14 compounds obtained, the oxadiazole derivatives 10a, 10b, 10e, and 10g acted as enzymatic competitive inhibitors with Ki values between 2.13 and 7.33 µM. Molecular docking calculations were carried out and demonstrated that all inhibitors performed hydrogen bonds with residues from the enzyme active site, such as Asn18. The best inhibitors (10a, 10b, 10g) could also perform these bonds with Cys25, and 10a showed the most stabilizing interaction energy (-134.36 kcal mol-1) with the active cavity. For the first time, derivatives based in 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds were evaluated, and the results suggested that this core displays a remarkable potential as a building block for Cat K inhibitors.
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17
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Desai N, Shihory N, Khasiya A, Pandit U, Khedkar V. Quinazoline clubbed thiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocycles: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial evaluation, and molecular docking studies. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1871732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, (DST-FIST Sponsored and UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Shihory
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, (DST-FIST Sponsored and UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvinkumar Khasiya
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, (DST-FIST Sponsored and UGC NON-SAP), Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Unnat Pandit
- Intellectual Property Management Cell, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Banik BK, Banerjee B, Kaur G, Saroch S, Kumar R. Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB) Catalyzed Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5918. [PMID: 33327504 PMCID: PMC7764977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) has gained significant attention as an efficient metal-free homogeneous phase-transfer catalyst. A catalytic amount of TBAB is sufficient to catalyze various alkylation, oxidation, reduction, and esterification processes. It is also employed as an efficient co-catalyst for numerous coupling reactions. It has also acted as an efficient zwitterionic solvent in many organic transformations under molten conditions. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments on TBAB-catalyzed protocols for the efficient synthesis of various biologically promising heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Deanship of Research Development, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India or (B.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India or (B.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Shivam Saroch
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India or (B.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indus International University, V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una, Himachal Pradesh 174301, India or (B.B.); (G.K.); (S.S.); (R.K.)
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19
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Abstract
Oximes, which are highly bioactive molecules, have versatile uses in the medical sector and have been indicated to possess biological activity. Certain oximes exist in nature in plants and animals, but they are also obtained by chemical synthesis. Oximes are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Moreover, they are therapeutic agents against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. Two oximes are already commonly used in therapy. Due to these abilities, new oxime compounds have been synthesized, and their biological activity has been verified. Often, modification of carbonyl compounds into oximes leads to increased activity. Nevertheless, in some cases, oxime activity is connected to the activity of the substrate. Recent works have revealed that new oxime compounds can demonstrate such functions and thus are considered to be potential drugs for pathogenic diseases, as adjuvant therapy in various types of cancer and inflammation and as potential next-generation drugs against OP poisoning.
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20
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Kaoud TS, Mohassab AM, Hassan HA, Yan C, Van Ravenstein SX, Abdelhamid D, Dalby KN, Abdel-Aziz M. NO-releasing STAT3 inhibitors suppress BRAF-mutant melanoma growth. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111885. [PMID: 31784187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of STAT3 can play a vital role in the development of melanoma. STAT3-targeted therapeutics are reported to show efficacy in melanomas harboring the BRAFV600E mutant and also in vemurafenib-resistant melanomas. We designed and synthesized a series of substituted nitric oxide (NO)-releasing quinolone-1,2,4-triazole/oxime hybrids, hypothesizing that the introduction of a STAT3 binding scaffold would augment their cytotoxicity. All the hybrids tested showed a comparable level of in vitro NO production. 7b and 7c exhibited direct binding to the STAT3-SH domain with IC50 of ∼ 0.5 μM. Also, they abrogated STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in several cancer cell lines, including the A375 melanoma cell line that carries the BRAFV600E mutation. At the same time, they did not affect the phosphorylation of upstream kinases or other STAT isoforms. 7c inhibited STAT3 nuclear translocation in mouse embryonic fibroblast while 7b and 7c inhibited STAT3 DNA-binding activity in the A375 cell line. Their anti-proliferating activity is attributed to their ability to trigger the production of reactive oxygen species and induce G1 cell cycle arrest in the A375 cell line. Interestingly, 7b and 7c showed robust cell growth suppression and apoptosis induction in two pairs of BRAF inhibitor-naïve (-S) and resistant (-R) melanoma cell lines containing a BRAF V600E mutation. Surprisingly, MEL1617-R cells that are known to be more resistance to MEK inhibition by GSK1120212 than MEL1617-S cells exhibit a similar response to 7b and 7c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer S Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aliaa M Mohassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Sabrina X Van Ravenstein
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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21
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Vengatesh G, Sundaravadivelu M. Synthesis, 1D and 2D NMR spectral assignments, and stereochemical studies of some 4,8,9,10-tetraaryl-1,3-diazaadamantan-6-one oximes. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Verma G, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM, Akhter M, Shaquiquzzaman M. A Review Exploring Therapeutic Worth of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:477-509. [PMID: 30324877 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015152433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1,3,4-Oxadiazole, a five-membered aromatic ring can be seen in a number of synthetic molecules. The peculiar structural feature of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom is beneficial for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with different enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, thereby eliciting an array of bioactivities. Research in the area of development of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives has become an interesting topic for the scientists. A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds with high therapeutic potency are being extensively used for the treatment of different ailments, contributing to enormous development value. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive review highlighting current developments of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds in the entire range of medicinal chemistry such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents. It is believed that this review will be of great help for new thoughts in the pursuit for rational designs for the development of more active and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohemmed F Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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23
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Kearns FL, Warrensford L, Boresch S, Woodcock HL. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: "HiPen", a New Dataset for Validating (S)QM/MM Free Energy Simulations. Molecules 2019; 24:E681. [PMID: 30769826 PMCID: PMC6413162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect (S)QM/MM free energy simulations (FES) are vital to efficiently incorporating sufficient sampling and accurate (QM) energetic evaluations when estimating free energies of practical/experimental interest. Connecting between levels of theory, i.e., calculating Δ A l o w → h i g h , remains to be the most challenging step within an indirect FES protocol. To improve calculations of Δ A l o w → h i g h , we must: (1) compare the performance of all FES methods currently available; and (2) compile and maintain datasets of Δ A l o w → h i g h calculated for a wide-variety of molecules so that future practitioners may replicate or improve upon the current state-of-the-art. Towards these two aims, we introduce a new dataset, "HiPen", which tabulates Δ A g a s M M → 3 o b (the free energy associated with switching from an M M to an S C C - D F T B molecular description using the 3ob parameter set in gas phase), calculated for 22 drug-like small molecules. We compare the calculation of this value using free energy perturbation, Bennett's acceptance ratio, Jarzynski's equation, and Crooks' equation. We also predict the reliability of each calculated Δ A g a s M M → 3 o b by evaluating several convergence criteria including sample size hysteresis, overlap statistics, and bias metric ( Π ). Within the total dataset, three distinct categories of molecules emerge: the "good" molecules, for which we can obtain converged Δ A g a s M M → 3 o b using Jarzynski's equation; "bad" molecules which require Crooks' equation to obtain a converged Δ A g a s M M → 3 o b ; and "ugly" molecules for which we cannot obtain reliably converged Δ A g a s M M → 3 o b with either Jarzynski's or Crooks' equations. We discuss, in depth, results from several example molecules in each of these categories and describe how dihedral discrepancies between levels of theory cause convergence failures even for these gas phase free energy simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Luke Warrensford
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Stefan Boresch
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - H Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Fathi MAA, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Abdelhamid D, Abbas SH, Montano MM, Abdel-Aziz M. 1,3,4-oxadiazole/chalcone hybrids: Design, synthesis, and inhibition of leukemia cell growth and EGFR, Src, IL-6 and STAT3 activities. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:150-163. [PMID: 30502626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole/chalcone hybrids was designed, synthesized, identified with different spectroscopic techniques and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of EGFR, Src, and IL-6. The synthesized compounds showed promising anticancer activity, particularly against leukemia, with 8v being the most potent. The synthesized compounds exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxic activities against K-562, KG-1a, and Jurkat leukemia cell lines in MTT assays. Compound 8v showed the strongest cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 1.95 µM, 2.36 µM and 3.45 µM against K-562, Jurkat and KG-1a leukemia cell lines, respectively. Moreover; the synthesized compounds inhibited EGFR, Src, and IL-6. Compound 8v was most effective at inhibiting EGFR (IC50 = 0.24 μM), Src (IC50 = 0.96 μM), and IL-6 (% of control = 20%). Additionally, most of the compounds decreased STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ali A Fathi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; Pharmacotherapy Department, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Monica M Montano
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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25
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Verma G, Chashoo G, Ali A, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Ali I, Akhtar M, Alam MM, Shaquiquzzaman M. Synthesis of pyrazole acrylic acid based oxadiazole and amide derivatives as antimalarial and anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:106-124. [PMID: 29353728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Depravity of malaria in terms of morbidity and mortality in human beings makes it a major health issue in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe. Drug counterfeiting and non-adherence to the treatment regimen have significantly contributed to development and spread of multidrug resistance that has highlighted the need for development of novel and more efficient antimalarial drugs. Complexity associated with cancer disease and prevalence of diversified cell populations vindicates highly specific treatment options for treatment of cancer. Resistance to these anticancer agents has posed a great hindrance in successful treatment of cancer. Pondering this ongoing situation, it was speculated to develop novel compounds targeting malaria and cancer. Moving on the same aisle, we synthesized pyrazole acrylic acid based oxadiazole and amide derivatives using multi-step reaction pathways (6a-x; 6a'-h'). Schizont maturation inhibition assay was employed to determine antimalarial potential. Compound 6v emerged as the most potent antimalarial agent targeting falcipain-2 enzyme. Anticancer activity was done using sulforhodamine B assay. Compounds 6b' and 6g' demonstrated promising results against all the tested cell lines. Further, Microscopic view clearly indicated formation of apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, shrinkage of cells and bleb formation. Validation of the results was achieved using molecular docking studies. From the obtained results, it was observed that cyclization (oxadiazole) favored antimalarial activity while non-cyclized compounds (amides) emerged as better anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Verma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Israr Ali
- Department of Flow Chemistry GP&T, R&D II, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mymoona Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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26
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Recent advance in oxazole-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:444-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Salahuddin, Mazumder A, Yar MS, Mazumder R, Chakraborthy GS, Ahsan MJ, Rahman MU. Updates on synthesis and biological activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1360911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M. Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - R. Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G. S. Chakraborthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Alwar Pharmacy College MIA Alwar, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
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28
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Ahmed M, Qadir MA, Hameed A, Imran M, Muddassar M. Screening of curcumin-derived isoxazole, pyrazoles, and pyrimidines for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:338-343. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmed
- Institute of Chemistry; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biological Sciences; Forman Christian College; (A Chartered University), Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
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29
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Koksal M, Ozkan-Dagliyan I, Ozyazici T, Kadioglu B, Sipahi H, Bozkurt A, Bilge SS. Some Novel Mannich Bases of 5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28776720 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are widely used for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, pain, and many different types of inflammatory disorders, cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The free carboxylic acid group existing on their chemical structure is correlated with GI toxicity related with all routine NSAIDs. Replacing this functional group with the 1,3,4-oxadiazole bioisostere is a generally used strategy to obtain an anti-inflammatory agent devoid of GI side effects. In the present work, a novel group of 5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one Mannich bases were synthesized and characterized on the basis of IR, 1 H NMR, and elemental analysis results. The target compounds were first tested for cytotoxicity to determine a non-toxic concentration for anti-inflammatory screening. Anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds were evaluated by in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and in vivo carrageenan footpad edema with ulcerogenic profile. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, most of the compounds showed inhibitory activity on nitrite production while compounds 5a, 5h, and 5j exhibited the best profiles by suppressing the NO production. To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory potency of the compounds, the inflammatory response was quantified by increment in paw size in the carrageenan footpad edema assay. The anti-inflammatory data scoring showed that compounds 5a-d, 5g, and 5j, at the dose of 100 mg/kg, exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, which for compound 5g was comparable to that of the reference drug indomethacin with 53.9% and 55.5% inhibition in 60 and 120 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Koksal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Ozkan-Dagliyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Tugce Ozyazici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beril Kadioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bozkurt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suleyman S Bilge
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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30
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Polkam N, Kummari B, Rayam P, Brahma U, Ganga Modi Naidu V, Balasubramanian S, Anireddy JS. Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer and Antimycobacterial Agents. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Polkam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085, Telangana State India
| | - Bhaskar Kummari
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085, Telangana State India
| | - Parsharamulu Rayam
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085, Telangana State India
| | - Umarani Brahma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research; Hyderabad 5000037, Telangana State India
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research; Hyderabad 5000037, Telangana State India
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- X-ray Crystallography Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085, Telangana State India
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31
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Abd-Ellah HS, Abdel-Aziz M, Shoman ME, Beshr EAM, Kaoud T, Ahmed ASFF. New 1,3,4-oxadiazole/oxime hybrids: Design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory, COX inhibitory activities and ulcerogenic liability. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:15-29. [PMID: 28738249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole/oxime hybrids were synthesized and designed as potent COX inhibitors. The prepared compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and ulcerogenic activities. The results indicated that the prepared compounds exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity with (69.60-109.60% of indomethacin activity) after 4h. In vitro COX inhibitory assay showed that compounds 6d and 7h are potent COX inhibitors with IC50 of (1.10-0.94) and (2.30-5.00) µM on both COX-1 and COX-2 respectively. Compound 7h was found to inhibit both COXs non-competitively with Ki values of 73µM and 89µM. Most of the tested compounds showed ulcer-free stomachs compared to indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S Abd-Ellah
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Eman A M Beshr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dept., College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekka 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - TamerS Kaoud
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Al-Shaimaa F F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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32
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1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues: Synthesis, MO studies, in silico molecular docking studies, antimalarial as DHFR inhibitor and antimicrobial activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues are of interest due to their potential activity against microbial and malarial infections. In search of suitable antimicrobial and antimalarial compounds, we report here the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues (SS 1-SS 10). The molecules were characterized by IR, mass, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated against pathogenic strains, the results were explained with the help of DFT and PM6 molecular orbital calculations. In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the molecules were studied against S. pombe cells. In vitro antimalarial activity was studied. The active compounds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibition efficacy against the receptor Pf-DHFR computationally as well as in vitro to prove their candidature as lead dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
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33
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Banerjee B. Recent Developments on Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Bioactive N-Heterocycles at Ambient Temperature. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocycles represent privileged structural subunits well distributed in naturally occurring compounds with immense biological activities. The last decade has seen a tremendous practice to carry out reactions at ambient temperature avoiding harsh reaction conditions. By applying ultrasonic radiation in organic synthesis we can make synthetic protocols more sustainable and can carry out reactions at room temperature avoiding the traditional thermal harsh reaction conditions. Therefore the synthesis of biologically relevant N-heterocycles at room temperature under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation is one of the advancing areas in the 21st century among organic chemists. The present review summarises the latest developments on ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biologically relevant N-heterocycles at ambient temperature.
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