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Hermes TDA, Fratini P, Nascimento BG, Ferreira LL, Petri G, Fonseca FLA, Carvalho AADS, Feder D. Trilobatin contributes to the improvement of myopathy in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Exp Pathol 2024; 105:75-85. [PMID: 38477495 PMCID: PMC10951423 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) occurs due to genetic mutations that lead to a deficiency in dystrophin production and consequent progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres, through oxidative stress and an exacerbated inflammatory process. The flavonoid trilobatin (TLB) demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Its high safety profile and effective action make it a potent therapy for the process of dystrophic muscle myonecrosis. Thus, we sought to investigate the action of TLB on damage in a DMD model, the mdx mouse. Eight-week-old male animals were treated with 160 mg/kg/day of trilobatin for 8 weeks. Control animals were treated with saline. Following treatment, muscle strength, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, histopathology (necrotic myofibres, regenerated fibres/central nuclei, Feret's diameter and inflammatory area) and the levels of catalase and NF-κB (western blotting) of the quadriceps (QUA), diaphragm (DIA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were measured. TLB was able to significantly increase muscle strength and reduce serum CK levels in dystrophic animals. The QUA of mdx mice showed a reduction in catalase and the number of fibres with a centralized nucleus after treatment with TLB. In the DIA of dystrophic animals, TLB reduced the necrotic myofibres, inflammatory area and NF-κB and increased the number of regenerated fibres and the total fibre diameter. In TA, TLB increased the number of regenerated fibres and reduced catalase levels in these animals. It is concluded that in the mdx experimental model, treatment with TLB was beneficial in the treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio de Almeida Hermes
- Department of Anatomy, ICBFederal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of PharmacologyCentro Universitário FMABC (FMABC)Santo AndréSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Laís Leite Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, ICBFederal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG)AlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Giuliana Petri
- Department of PharmacologyCentro Universitário FMABC (FMABC)Santo AndréSao PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - David Feder
- Department of PharmacologyCentro Universitário FMABC (FMABC)Santo AndréSao PauloBrazil
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2
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Jahankhani K, Ahangari F, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Possible cancer-causing capacity of COVID-19: Is SARS-CoV-2 an oncogenic agent? Biochimie 2023; 213:130-138. [PMID: 37230238 PMCID: PMC10202899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term effects, which has claimed many millions of lives since 2019, the long-term complications of this virus are still under investigation. Similar to many oncogenic viruses, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 employs various strategies to cause cancer in different organs. These include leveraging the renin angiotensin system, altering tumor suppressing pathways by means of its nonstructural proteins, and triggering inflammatory cascades by enhancing cytokine production in the form of a "cytokine storm" paving the way for the emergence of cancer stem cells in target organs. Since infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs. Thus, we have reviewed the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the vulnerability and susceptibility of specific organs to cancer development. It is important to note that the cancer-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 proposed in this article are based on the ability of the virus and its proteins to cause cancer but that the long-term consequences of this infection will only be illustrated in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Jahankhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Immune Health Program at Hunter Medical Research Institute and the College of Health and Medicine at the University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Min SJ, Lee H, Shin MS, Lee JW. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Pyranocoumarin Derivatives as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10026. [PMID: 37373174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize 23 coumarin derivatives and analyze their anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. A cytotoxicity test performed on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages revealed that none of the 23 coumarin derivatives were cytotoxic. Among the 23 coumarin derivatives, coumarin derivative 2 showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Coumarin derivative 2 inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6, and decreased the expression level of each mRNA. In addition, it inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results indicated that coumarin derivative 2 inhibited LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB p65 signal transduction pathways in RAW264.7 cells, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes related to inflammatory responses, to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Coumarin derivative 2 showed potential for further development as an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ji Min
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung Wonju National University (GWNU), Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung-si 25451, Republic of Korea
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The Relationship between Reactive Oxygen Species and the cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway in the Inflammaging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315182. [PMID: 36499506 PMCID: PMC9735967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chronic inflammation and oxidative damage of biomolecules, classically observed in the Inflammaging process. One of the most critical oxidative damages is generated to the host DNA. Damaged DNA is located out of the natural compartments, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, and is present in the cell's cytoplasm. This DNA localization activates some DNA sensors, such as the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, that induce transcriptional factors involved in increasing inflammatory molecules. Some of the targets of this signaling pathway are the SASPs. SASPs are secreted pro-inflammatory molecules characteristic of the senescent cells and inducers of ROS production. It has been suggested that oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA generates activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, increasing ROS levels induced by SASPs. These additional ROS increase oxidative DNA damage, causing a loop during the Inflammaging. However, the relationship between the cGAS/STING pathway and the increase in ROS during Inflammaging has not been clarified. This review attempt to describe the potential connection between the cGAS/STING pathway and ROS during the Inflammaging process, based on the current literature, as a contribution to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that occur and contribute to the development of the considered adaptative Inflammaging process during aging.
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Inonotus hispidus Protects against Hyperlipidemia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173477. [PMID: 36079733 PMCID: PMC9460493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity. Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst (IH) is an edible and medicinal parasitic mushroom. In this study, after a systematic analysis of its nutritional ingredients, the regulatory effects of IH on lipid metabolism were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In HFD-fed mice, IH reversed the pathological state of the liver and the three types of fat and significantly decreased the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and leptin (LEP) and increased the level of high-density liptein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. Meanwhile, IH ameliorated liver damage by reducing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the liver and serum. Compared with HFD-fed mice, IH significantly modulated the gut microbiota, changed the relative abundances of microflora at different taxonomic levels, and regulated lipid levels. The results showed that 30 differential lipids were found. Results from Western blotting confirmed that IH regulated the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and oxidative stress. This study aimed to provide experimental evidence for the applicability of IH in obesity treatment.
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Park G, Eo H, Kim D. Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory activity via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.357742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yueh PF, Lee YH, Chiang IT, Chen WT, Lan KL, Chen CH, Hsu FT. Suppression of EGFR/PKC-δ/NF-κB Signaling Associated With Imipramine-Inhibited Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:735183. [PMID: 34765548 PMCID: PMC8576332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.735183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-depressants have been reported to own anti-tumor potential types of cancers; however, the role of imipramine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been elucidated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was known to be one of the key regulators that control NSCLC progression. Whether EGFR would be the target of imipramine for suppressing tumor signaling transduction and results in anti-tumor potential is remaining unclear. Methods We used CL-1-5-F4 cells and animal models to identify the underlying mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of imipramine. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, invasion/migration, DNA damage, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, activation of NF-κB, phosphorylation of EGFR/PKC-δ/NF-κB was assayed by MTT, flow cytometry, transwell, wound healing assay, comet assay, immunofluorescence staining, NF-κB reporter gene assay and Western blotting, respectively. Tumor growth was validated by CL-1-5-F4/NF-κB-luc2 bearing animal model. Results Imipramine effectively induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling. DNA damage was increased, while, invasion and migration potential of NSCLC cells was suppressed by imipramine. The phosphorylation of EGFR/PKC-δ/NF-κB and their downstream proteins were all decreased by imipramine. Similar tumor growth inhibition was found in imipramine with standard therapy erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor). Non-obvious body weight loss and liver pathology change were found in imipramine treatment mice. Conclusion Imipramine-triggered anti-NSCLC effects in both in vitro and in vivo model are at least partially attributed to its suppression of EGFR/PKC-δ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Fu Yueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Surgical Department of Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Role of Polyphenols in the Metabolism of the Skeletal System in Humans and Animals – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of compounds arousing enormous interest due to their multiple effects on both human and animal health and omnipresence in plants. A number of in vitro and animal model studies have shown that all polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and play a significant role against oxidative stress-related pathologies. They also exert gut promotory effects and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the potential influence of polyphenols on bone properties and metabolism. It is well known that proper growth and functioning of the organism depend largely on bone growth and health. Therefore, understanding the action of substances (including polyphenols) that may improve the health and functioning of the skeletal system and bone metabolism is extremely important for the health of the present and future generations of both humans and farm animals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of literature related to causes of bone loss during ageing of the organism (in both humans and animals) and possible effects of dietary polyphenols preventing bone loss and diseases. In particular, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that can modulate skeletal homeostasis and influence the bone modeling and remodeling processes are presented.
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9
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Kang E, Park JE, Seo Y, Han JS. ( E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2'-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating inflammatory factors. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:611-621. [PMID: 34388059 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1963271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Portulaca oleracea L. is herbaceous succulent annual plant, which belongs to the Portulacaceae family. Many studies have shown its wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of HM-chromanone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPS (1 μg/ml)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of HM-chromanone (10-50 μM). Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition, the production of intracellular ROS, superoxide anion, lipid peroxide, NO, and PGE2, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IκB, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS HM-chromanone has demonstrated that there is no significant cytotoxic effect on the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, HM-chromanone treatment was found to significantly inhibit the production of intracellular ROS, superoxide anion and lipid peroxide, while enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and GSH-px. Additionally, HM-chromanone treatment was observed to inhibit NO and PGE2 production by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Subsequently, HM-chromanone was observed to significantly suppress LPS-induced expression of IκB, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggested that HM-chromanone suppresses LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Liu YC, Chiang IT, Chung JG, Hsieh JH, Chiang CH, Weng MC, Hsu FT, Lee YH, Chang CS, Lin SS. Therapeutic Efficacy and Inhibitory Mechanism of Regorafenib Combined With Radiation in Colorectal Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:3217-3224. [PMID: 33144426 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) can sufficiently maintain tumor suppression of colorectal cancer (CRC), these treatments may trigger the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and compromise patients' survival. Regorafenib suppresses NF-κB activity in various tumor types. However, whether regorafenib may act as a suitable radiosensitizer to enhance therapeutic efficacy of RT remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we established a CRC-bearing animal model to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib in combination with RT, through measurement of tumor growth, body weight, whole-body computed tomography (CT) scan and immunohisto-chemistry staining. RESULTS Smallest tumor size and weight were found in the combination treatment group. In addition, RT-induced up-regulation of NF-κB and downstream proteins were diminished by regorafenib. Moreover, the body weight and liver pathology in the treated group were similar to those of the non-treated control group. CONCLUSION Regorafenib may enhance the anti-CRC efficacy of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan/Su-Ao Branch, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hung Chiang
- Department of Urology, Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan/Su-Ao Branch, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mao-Chi Weng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
| | - Cheng-Shyong Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Song-Shei Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Yu G, Jiao Y, Huang JJ, Fan MD, Hao YC, Han JZ, Qu L. Acidic preconditioning reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by upregulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:441. [PMID: 33747178 PMCID: PMC7967826 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid preconditioning (APC) through carbon dioxide inhalation can exert protective effects during acute lung injury (ALI) triggered by ischemia-reperfusion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the novel coronavirus disease-19. Downregulation of ACE2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe lung failure after viral or bacterial infections. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanism through which APC alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. The present results demonstrated that LPS significantly downregulated the expression of ACE2, while APC significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI and provided beneficial effects. In addition, bioinformatics analysis indicated that microRNA (miR)-200c-3p directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of ACE2 and regulated the expression of ACE2 protein. LPS exposure inhibited the expression of ACE2 protein in A549 cells by upregulating the levels of miR-200c-3p. However, APC inhibited the upregulation of miR-200c-3p induced by LPS, as well as the downregulation of ACE2 protein, through the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, although LPS can inhibit the expression of ACE2 by upregulating the levels of miR-200c-3p through the NF-κB pathway, APC inhibited this effect, thus reducing inflammation during LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Oncology, JiangXi Provincial People's Hospital, Donghu, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Da Fan
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Hao
- Medicine school of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Liangchao Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
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12
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Maldonado V, Loza-Mejía MA, Chávez-Alderete J. Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109988. [PMID: 32540603 PMCID: PMC7282759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. Moreover, PTX can restore the balance of the immune response, reduce damage to the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, improve circulation, and prevent microvascular thrombosis. There is further evidence that PTX can improve ventilatory parameters. Therefore, we propose repositioning PTX in the treatment of COVID-19. The main advantage of repositioning PTX is that it is an affordable drug that is already available worldwide with an established safety profile, further offering the possibility of immediately analysing the result of its use and associated success rates. Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-α mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valente Maldonado
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad La Salle-México, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Zone 27 Mexican Institute of Social Security, Col. Nonoalco Tlatelolco Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 6390, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Loza-Mejía
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad La Salle-México, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06140, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez-Alderete
- Laboratory of Bronchial Hyperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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13
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Tao SL, Wang XM, Feng YG, Kang PM, Li QY, Sun TY, Tan QY, Deng B. Is the presence of lung injury in COVID-19 an independent risk factor for secondary lung cancer? Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110074. [PMID: 32645661 PMCID: PMC7333600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are increasing. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV-2, leading to subsequent pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with chronic inflammatory changes, e.g., inflammatory factors repeatedly continuously stimulating and attacking the alveolar epithelial cells. Meanwhile, 2019-nCoV-2 can activate PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways, which can play the double roles as both anti-inflammatory and carcinogenic factors. Moreover, hypoxemia may be developed, resulting in the up-regulation of HIF-1 α expression, which can be involved in the occurrence, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Additionally, the immune system in 2019-nCoV-2 infected cases can be suppressed to cause tumor immune evasion. Therefore, we speculate that COVID-19 may be a risk factor of secondary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lin Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Corps Police Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400061, PR China
| | - Yong-Geng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Po-Ming Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qing-Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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Khan A, Sergi C. SAMHD1 as the Potential Link Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Complications. Front Neurol 2020; 11:562913. [PMID: 33101175 PMCID: PMC7546029 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.562913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic of coronavirus infectious illness 2019 (COVID19) triggered by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the globe, generating in severe events an acute, highly lethal pneumonia and death. In the past two hitherto similar CoVs, the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) also gained universal attention as they produced clinical symptoms similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 utilizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) to go into the cells. COVID-19 may also present with overtly neurological symptoms. The proper understanding of the expression and dissemination of ACE2 in central and peripheral nerve systems is crucial to understand better the neurological morbidity caused by COVID-19. Using the STRING bioinformatic tool and references through text mining tools associated to Coronaviruses, we identified SAMHD1 as the probable link to neurological symptoms. Paralleled to the response to influenza A virus and, specifically, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 evokes a response that needs robust induction of a subclass of cytokines, including the Type I and, obviously, Type III interferons as well as a few chemokines. We correlate ACE2 to the pathogenesis and neurologic complications of COVID-19 and found that SAMHD1 links to NF-κB pathway. No correlation was found with other molecules associated with Coronavirus infection, including ADAR, BST2, IRF3, IFITM3, ISG15, MX1, MX2, RNASEL, RSAD2, and VPRBP. We suggest that SAMHD1 is the molecule that may be behind the mechanisms of the neurological complications associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Albert Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Albert Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lu CH, Ou HC, Day CH, Chen HI, Pai PY, Lee CY, Chen RJ, Chang RL, PadmaViswanadha V, Hsieh DJY, Huang CY. Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic-induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:468-477. [PMID: 31794124 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-documented that the consumption of deep sea water (DSW) has beneficial effects on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac apoptosis induced by hypercholesterolemia. However, the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of DSW on diabetic cardiomyopathy are still largely unclear. The main purpose of this present study was to test the hypothesis that DSW exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of the TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways. IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 65 mg/kg was used to establish a diabetes rat model. DSW mineral extracts that diluted in desalinated water were prepared in three different dosages and administered to the rats through gavages for 4 weeks. These dosages are DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+ /kg/day), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+ /kg/day) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+ mg/kg/day). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that the protein expression level of TNF-α was markedly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts than in the control group. Consequently, the phosphorylation levels of the TNF-α-modulated downstream signaling molecules and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were notably elevated in heart tissues of STZ-induced diabetes. These higher phosphorylation levels subsequently upregulated NF-κB-modulated inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, treatment with DSW as well as MgSO4 , the main mineral in DSW, significantly reversed all the alterations. These findings suggest that DSW has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Riaz A, Saleem B, Hussain G, Sarfraz I, Nageen B, Zara R, Manzoor M, Rasul A. Eriocalyxin B Biological Activity: A Review on Its Mechanism of Action. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, a rich source of bioactive chemical compounds, have served humans as a safer drug of choice since times. Eriocalyxin B, an ent-Kaurene diterpenoid, has been extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Isodon eriocalyx. Experimental data support the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of EriB. This natural entity exhibits anticancer effects against breast, pancreatic, leukemia, ovarian, lung, bladder, and colorectal cancer. EriB has capability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by prompting apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, and modulating cell signaling pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways in cancerous cells by EriB involves the modulation of various apoptosis-related factors (Bak, Bax, caspases, XIAP, survivin, and Beclin-1), transcriptional factors (nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB], STAT3, Janus-activated kinase 2, Notch, AP-1, and lκBα), enzymes (cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2], MMP-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), cytokines, and protein kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK1/2). This review proposes that EriB supplies a novel opportunity for the cure of cancer but supplementary investigations along with preclinical trials are obligatory to effectively figure out its biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bisma Saleem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zara
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mbiantcha M, Khalid R, Dawe A, Mehreen A, Atsamo DA, Ateufack G, Hamza D, Nana WY, Bomba FTD, Naeem RU, Izhar A. Antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective effects of Combretin A and Combretin B on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 392:697-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Rocha TM, Machado NJ, de Sousa JAC, Araujo EVO, Guimaraes MA, Lima DF, Leite JRDSDA, Leal LKAM. Imidazole alkaloids inhibit the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of human neutrophil and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:849-859. [PMID: 30652314 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epiisopiloturine (EPI) and epiisopilosine (EPIIS) are side products in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the alkaloids EPI and EPIIS in human neutrophils and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. METHODS Neutrophils (5 × 106 cells/ml) incubated with EPI and EPIIS and stimulated by the addition of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate. The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium influx, gene expression of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines production were evaluated. It was also investigated the effect these alkaloids on carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia model in mice. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that both EPI and EPIIS inhibited the degranulation of activated neutrophils. This effect was accompanied by the reduction in ROS, the prevention of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and decrease in the density of cytosolic NF-κB, and inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 production. Evaluating hypernociception in mice, EPI and EPIIS inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammatory hypernociception and reduced MPO levels. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained suggest EPI and EPIIS not only inhibit neutrophils functions in vitro, but also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, acting through the modulation of the activation and/or accumulation of neutrophils in the inflammatory focus. Thus, EPI and EPIIS possess promising anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Magalhães Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nuno J Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Fernandes Lima
- Academic College of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso, Brazil
| | | | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Cao S, Liu S, Wang F, Liu J, Li M, Wang C, Xi S. DMA(V) in Drinking Water Activated NF-κB Signal Pathway and Increased TGF-β and IL-1β Expressions in Bladder Epithelial Cells of Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:790652. [PMID: 26617437 PMCID: PMC4651728 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) is the main product of arsenic methylation metabolism in vivo and is rat bladder carcinogen and tumor promoting agent. In this study, we measured the expressions of mRNA and proteins of NF-κB pathway members, IKKα, IKKβ, p65, and p50 in rat bladder epithelium by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis after rats received drinking water containing 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V) for 10 weeks. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) immunoexpression in rat bladder epithelium and urine level of IL-1β also were determined. We found that DMA(V) dramatically increased the mRNA levels of NF-κB p50 and IKKα in the bladder epithelium of rats compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that DMA(V) increased immunoreactivities of IKKα, IKKβ, and phospho-NF-κB p50 in the cytoplasm and phospho-NF-κB p50 and p65 in nucleus of rat urothelial cells. In addition, DMA(V) treated rats exhibited significantly increased inflammatory factor TGF-β immunoreactivity in bladder epithelium and IL-1β secretion in urine. These data suggest that DMA(V) could activate NF-κB signal pathway and increase TGF-β and IL-1β expressions in bladder epithelial cells of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mengdan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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20
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Neutrophils: The Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 857:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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E. Abdel-Salam OM, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Elhamed WAA. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Other Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Serum of Autistic Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2015.51002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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T C, Chandran P A, Kurup G M. Omega-3 fatty acid concentrate fromDunaliella salinapossesses anti-inflammatory properties including blockade of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 37:81-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.981639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Tukaj S, Zillikens D, Kasperkiewicz M. Inhibitory effects of heat shock protein 90 blockade on proinflammatory human Th1 and Th17 cell subpopulations. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:10. [PMID: 24694060 PMCID: PMC3976086 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a chaperone that regulates activity of many client proteins responsible for cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, has been proposed as an important clinical and preclinical therapeutic target in a number of malignancies and autoimmune diseases, respectively. In this study, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological Hsp90 inhibition on human proinflammatory T cell responses. Findings Using anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, we observed that Hsp90 inhibition by non-toxic concentrations of the geldanamycin derivative 17-DMAG significantly blocked T cell proliferation, reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes, and arrested secretion of proinflammatory IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, cytokines characteristic of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. These effects were associated with inhibition of NF-kB activity, upregulation of Hsp70 protein expression, and disruption of T cell-specific nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Lck activation. Conclusions Our results further support the potential use of Hsp90 inhibitors in patients with autoimmune diseases where uncontrolled Th1 or Th17 activation frequently occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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24
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Shen Q, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Thomas JL, Gushchina LV, Disilvestro D, Failla ML, Ziouzenkova O. Adipocyte reporter assays: application for identification of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of mangosteen xanthones. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:239-47. [PMID: 24039005 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Three fluorescence biosensors were developed based on a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte line that stably expressed Nfkb-RE/GFP, Fabp4-P/CFP, and Nrf2-P/YFP fluorescent reporters. We hypothesized that nutraceuticals' inflammatory, adipogenic, and antioxidant status will be identified based on the change in fluorescence in reporter adipocytes. We validated these assays with activators of NFκB, FABP4-regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, NFR2 and, thereafter, tested known and unknown properties of mangostines (MGs), the xanthone metabolites in mangosteen fruit. METHODS AND RESULTS We validated inflammatory and adipogenic properties of α-MG using an Nfkb-RE/GFP biosensor assay. Next, we identified unique properties of γ-MG, a minor MG xanthone. γ-MG suppressed adipogenesis and expression of adiponectin, but inhibited the Nfkb-RE/GFP reporter and secretion of inflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein 1 as compared to the control adipocytes. We found that the inhibition of adipogenesis and Nfkb-mediated inflammation depends on a dose-dependent reduction of Nrf2 promoter activity by α-MG. The Nrf2 inhibition resulted in the reduced Pparg expression. α-MG did not directly influence Pparg activity in Fabp4-P/CFP adipocytes. CONCLUSION α-MG-mediated antioxidant response via Nrf2 is a mechanism preventing adipogenesis and inflammation in adipocytes. Combined application of high-throughput biosensors could provide an effective platform for the identification of nutraceuticals and the mechanism of their actions in adipocytes and, potentially, in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Ashabi G, Alamdary SZ, Ramin M, Khodagholi F. Reduction of Hippocampal Apoptosis by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase and/or p38 Inhibitors in Amyloid Beta Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Involvement of Nuclear-Related Factor-2 and Nuclear Facto. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:145-55. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | | | - Mahmoudreza Ramin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
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Inflammation and type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2012; 38:183-91. [PMID: 22252015 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is a common feature in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heart disease, the metabolic syndrome and T2D all have in common the increased concentration of circulatory cytokines as a result of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by different cell types and secreted into the circulation, where they regulate different tissues through their local, central and peripheral actions. This review focuses on C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-established marker of the development of inflammation, on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory marker strongly associated with diabetes, and on adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipose tissue and associated with insulin sensitivity. While it is clear from the literature that these cytokines play a major role in the development of T2D or, in the case of adiponectin, its prevention, the best strategy for favourably altering the inflammatory response is still a matter of debate.
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Batista ML, Peres SB, McDonald ME, Alcantara PSM, Olivan M, Otoch JP, Farmer SR, Seelaender M. Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: possible role of nuclear transcription factors. Cytokine 2011; 57:9-16. [PMID: 22099872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted syndrome whose aetiology is extremely complex and is directly related to poor patient prognosis and survival. Changes in lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia result in marked reduction of total fat mass, increased lipolysis, total oxidation of fatty acids, hyperlipidaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia. These changes are believed to be induced by inflammatory mediators, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other factors. Attention has recently been drawn to the current theory that cachexia is a chronic inflammatory state, mainly caused by the host's reaction to the tumour. Changes in expression of numerous inflammatory mediators, notably in white adipose tissue (WAT), may trigger several changes in WAT homeostasis. The inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by PPARγ is paralleled by the appearance of smaller adipocytes, which may partially account for the inhibitory effect of PPARγ on inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, inflammatory modulation and/or inhibition seems to be dependent on the IKK/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that a possible interaction between NF-κB and PPARγ is required to modulate WAT inflammation induced by cancer cachexia. In this article, current literature on the possible mechanisms of NF-κB and PPARγ regulation of WAT cells during cancer cachexia are discussed. This review aims to assess the role of a possible interaction between NF-κB and PPARγ in the setting of cancer cachexia as well as its significant role as a potential modulator of chronic inflammation that could be explored therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidin against Diabetic Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:623879. [PMID: 21912569 PMCID: PMC3168294 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antidiabetic potential of proanthocyanidin and its oligomeric form in STZ-induced diabetic model rats and db/db type 2 diabetic mice. Proanthocyanidin ameliorated the diabetic condition by significant decreases of serum glucose, glycosylated protein, and serum urea nitrogen as well as decreases of urinary protein and renal-AGE in STZ-induced diabetic rats and decrease of serum glucose as well as significant decrease of glycosylated protein in db/db type 2 diabetic mice. The suppression of ROS generation and elevation of the GSH/GSSG ratio were also observed in the groups administered proanthocyanidin. Moreover, proanthocyanidin, especially its oligomeric form, affected the inflammatory process with the regulation of related protein expression, iNOS, COX-2 and upstream regulators, NF-κB, and the IκB-α. In addition, it had a marked effect on hyperlipidemia through lowering significant levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and NEFA. Moreover, expressions in the liver of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 were downregulated by the administration of proanthocyanidins. The protective effect against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in type 1 and 2 diabetic models was significantly strong in the groups administered the oligomeric rather than polymeric form. This suggests that oligomers act as a regulator in inflammatory reactions caused by oxidative stress in diabetes.
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Liu XY, Wang Q, Xia SJ, Huang JH, Shen ZY, Xu H. Characteristics of lymphocyte nuclear factor-κB signal transduction kinase expression in aging process and regulatory effect of epimedium flavonoids. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17:704-9. [PMID: 21910073 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the characteristics of lymphocyte nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction kinase-related molecular mRNA differential expressions at various month age segments in aging process and the intervening effect of Epimedium flavonoids (EF) on it. METHODS Sixty SD rats were divided into six groups, according to animals' age, i.e., the 3 days (d) group, the 4 months (m) group, the 10 m group, the 18 m group, the 27 m group, and the 27 m+EF group. RNA was extracted from separated splenic lymphocytes. Adopting NF-κB signal path functional genome oligonucleotide gene-chip (128 related genes), the integral characteristics and differences of NF-κB signal transduction kinase-related mRNA expressions were determined, and the intervening effect of EF was examined. RESULTS The mean level of the NF-κB signal transduction kinase-related mRNA expressions in rats' splenic lymphocytes lowered with aging; the highest expression was presented at 3 d after birth, and then, it lowered gradually, with the lowest level at 18 m or 27 m. After EF intervention, the expression level was raised to the 10-18 m level in the aged rats. CONCLUSION The changing rules of lymphocyte NF-κB-signal-transduction-kinase-related mRNA expressions in various stages of aging are helpful for selecting the well time for preventing and intervening aging, and will also give a hint to the molecular index for assessment of senility retarding researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu Liu
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Center of Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases in Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, China
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Myrrh inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response and protects from cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:278718. [PMID: 21826187 PMCID: PMC3151005 DOI: 10.1155/2012/278718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myrrh has been used as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, effect of myrrh on peritoneal macrophages and clinically relevant models of septic shock, such as cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), is not well understood. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanism(s) of myrrh on inflammatory responses. Myrrh inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α but not of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Myrrh inhibited LPS-induced activation of c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and nuclear factor-κB. Administration of Myrrh reduced the CLP-induced mortality and bacterial counts and inhibited inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, administration of Myrrh attenuated CLP-induced liver damages, which were mainly evidenced by decreased infiltration of leukocytes and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase level. Taken together, these results provide the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of Myrrh in sepsis.
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Choi JS, Park J, Suk K, Moon C, Park YK, Han HS. Mild Hypothermia Attenuates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Induction via Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-1/2 in a Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model. Stroke Res Treat 2011; 2011:846716. [PMID: 21716663 PMCID: PMC3118291 DOI: 10.4061/2011/846716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cerebral vascular endothelium induced by ischemic insult triggers leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory reaction. We investigated the mechanism of hypothermic suppression of ICAM-1 in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Rats underwent 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion and were kept at 37°C or 33°C during occlusion and rewarmed to normal temperature immediately after reperfusion. Under hypothermic condition, robust activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) was observed in vascular endothelium of ischemic brain. Hypothermic suppression of ICAM-1 was reversed by ERK1/2 inhibition. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ischemic vessel was attenuated by hypothermia. STAT3 inhibitor suppressed ICAM-1 production induced by stroke. ERK1/2 inhibition enhanced phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of STAT3 in hypothermic condition. In this study, we demonstrated that hypothermic suppression of ICAM-1 induction is mediated by enhanced ERK1/2 activation and subsequent attenuation of STAT3 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sook Choi
- Department of Physiology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 101 Dongin 2 Ga, Jung Gu, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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Shih KK, Qin LX, Tanner EJ, Zhou Q, Bisogna M, Dao F, Olvera N, Viale A, Barakat RR, Levine DA. A microRNA survival signature (MiSS) for advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:444-50. [PMID: 21354599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression primarily through post-transcriptional modification. We tested the hypothesis that miRNA expression is associated with overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS Cases included newly diagnosed patients with stage III or IV serous ovarian cancer. RNA from a training set of 62 cases was hybridized to an miRNA microarray containing 470 mature human transcripts. Cox Regression was performed to identify miRNAs associated with overall survival. External validation was performed using quantitative RT-PCR miRNA assays in an independent test set of 123 samples. MiRNA targets and associated biologic pathways were predicted in silico. RESULTS Of all patients, 80% had high-grade, stage IIIC tumors and 64% underwent optimal cytoreduction. The median survival for the entire cohort was 49±4 months. The training set identified 3 miRNAs associated with survival--miR-337, miR-410, and miR-645. An miRNA signature containing miR-410 and miR-645 was most strongly associated with overall survival in the training set (HR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.51-5.78). This miRNA survival signature (MiSS) was validated in the test set (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.05-2.78). The MiSS was independent of FIGO stage and surgical debulking. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that an MiSS that contains miR-410 and miR-645 is negatively associated with overall survival in advanced serous ovarian cancer. This signature, when further validated, may be useful in individualizing care for the ovarian cancer patient. Pathway analyses identify biologically plausible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin K Shih
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Nariai Y, Mishima K, Yoshimura Y, Sekine J. FAP-1 and NF-κB expressions in oral squamous cell carcinoma as potential markers for chemo-radio sensitivity and prognosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 40:419-26. [PMID: 21176871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of using Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p53 as markers for chemo-radio sensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). FAP-1 plays a role as an anti-apoptotic factor through Fas-dependent apoptosis after chemo-radiotherapy. NF-κB and p53 might be involved in modulation of FAP-1 expression. FAP-1, NF-κB and p53 expression were immunohistochemically examined using biopsy specimens in 50 OSCC patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. FAP-1 was expressed in 52%, NF-κB in 52% and p53 in 46% of patients. There was no significant difference in FAP-1, p53 or NF-κB expression according to the clinicopathological features. No correlation was found among FAP-1, p53 or NF-κB expression. FAP-1-positive cases showed a poorer survival rate than FAP-1-negative cases (P = 0.0409) and NF-κB-positive cases showed a poorer survival rate than NF-κB-negative cases (P = 0.0018). Multivariate analysis showed that FAP-1 expression, NF-κB expression, clinical stage and age were significant independent variables for survival (clinical stage: P = 0.0016; age: P = 0.0016; NF-κB: P = 0.0314; FAP-1: P = 0.0366). These results suggest that FAP-1 and NF-κB might play a role as chemo-radioresistant factor during chemo-radiotherapy, and FAP-1 and NF-κB expression in OSCC would be feasible markers for chemo-radio sensitivity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nariai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Noh JS, Park CH, Kim HY, Zhao Q, Yamabe N, Matsumoto K, Yokozawa T. Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 63:111-9. [PMID: 21155823 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We have investigated the effects of Kangen-karyu, a Chinese prescription, on the lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in a type 2 diabetes model.
Methods
Male db/db mice were divided into three groups: control (vehicle), Kangen-karyu 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight/day orally administered mice. Age-matched non-diabetic m/m mice were used as a normal group.
Key findings
The administration of Kangen-karyu reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in db/db type 2 diabetic mice through a decline in the serum levels of glucose and lipids, and an improvement of lipoprotein profiles. The increased oxidative stress in db/db mice was attenuated by the administration of Kangen-karyu through inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The enhanced hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the db/db mice were significantly reduced by Kangen-karyu administration through down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and lipogenic enzymes in liver. Furthermore, the expressions of hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels were also augmented in db/db mice. However, Kangen-karyu reduced the expressions of these inflammatory proteins by inhibiting NF-κB activation in db/db type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions
This study suggests that Kangen-karyu may improve oxidative stress via the regulation of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sook Noh
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Jinju National University, Chilamdong, Jinju, Korea
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Kanai K, Itoh N, Yoshioka K, Yonezawa T, Ikadai H, Hori Y, Ito Y, Nagai N, Chikazawa S, Hoshi F, Higuchi S. Inhibitory Effects of Oral Disulfiram on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:892-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.495442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kim TH, Ko SS, Park C, Park SE, Hong SH, Kim BW, Choi YH. Anti-Inflammmatiry Effects of Nerium indicum Ethanol Extracts through Suppression of NF-kappaB Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2010.20.8.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kontos S, Sotiropoulou-Bonikou G, Kominea A, Melachrinou M, Balampani E, Bonikos D. Coordinated increased expression of Cyclooxygenase2 and nuclear factor κB is a steady feature of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Adv Urol 2010; 2010:871356. [PMID: 20827306 PMCID: PMC2933857 DOI: 10.1155/2010/871356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inescapable relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has long been established. Our objective was to investigate COX-2 and NF-κB immunohistochemical expression in a large series of normal epithelium and bladder carcinomas. METHODS Immunohistochemical methodology was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from urinary bladder carcinomas of 140 patients (94 males and 46 females with bladder carcinomas). RESULTS COX-2 expression is increased in the cytoplasm of bladder cells, during loss of cell differentiation (r(s) = 0.61, P-value < .001) and in muscle invasive carcinomas (P-value < .001). A strong positive association between tumor grade and nuclear expression of NFκB has been established. A positive correlation between COX-2 and nuclear NFκB immunoreactivity was observed. CONCLUSIONS The possible coordinated upregulation of NFκB and COX-2, during bladder carcinogenesis, indicates that agents inhibitors of these two molecules may represent a possible new treatment strategy, by virtue of their role in bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kontos
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece, Department of Urology, General Hospital of Nikaia, 18543 Peiraeus, Greece.
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Kontos S, Kominea A, Melachrinou M, Balampani E, Sotiropoulou-Bonikou G. Inverse expression of estrogen receptor-β and nuclear factor-κB in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Int J Urol 2010; 17:801-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Habtemariam S. Applying New Science for Old Medicines: Targeting Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesions by Antiinflammatory Herbal Drugs. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the various leukocytes and endothelial cell adhesion molecules (cell adhesion molecules - CAMs) involved in cell-cell and cell matrix interactions. This understanding has opened up a new avenue of novel chemotherapeutic targets and bioassay models for inflammatory diseases. Recently developed In Vitro bioassays on leukocyte/endothelial cell adhesions can now offer rapid and inexpensive assessment methods for herbal medicines with claimed antiinflammatory uses. Through the use of these robust in vitro methods, active principles of herbal drugs can also be isolated thereby providing the opportunity of standardizations based on a known chemical standard(s) and pharmacology. This review highlights relevant leukocyte/endothelial CAMs targets, available in vitro methods and our strategic approach for herbal standardizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, the University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Hypolipidaemic and antioxidative effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on renal damage in type 2 diabetic mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1120-8. [PMID: 20642878 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight per d for 8 weeks to db/db mice with type 2 diabetes, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle in db/db and m/m (misty, non-diabetic) mice. Serum and renal biochemical factors, protein expressions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, and advanced glycation endproducts were measured. There were significant reductions in the serum lipid concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as improvements in renal function parameters. In addition, oligonol treatment significantly decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. In particular, the renal lipid contents such as TAG and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the oligonol-administered groups through the up-regulation of PPARα and down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in db/db mice. Moreover, oligonol inhibited non-fluorescent AGE formation and their receptor expression, suggesting that it could effectively inhibit AGE development caused by oxidative stress and/or dyslipidaemia in the kidney of db/db mice. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels of m/m mice in the group given oligonol at 20 mg/kg. This means that oligonol would act as a regulator in the inflammatory response of type 2 diabetes. The present results suggest that oligonol could have renoprotective effects against abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS-related AGE formation in type 2 diabetes.
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Andújar I, Recio MC, Bacelli T, Giner RM, Ríos JL. Shikonin reduces oedema induced by phorbol ester by interfering with IkappaBalpha degradation thus inhibiting translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:376-88. [PMID: 20423347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the present paper we studied the effect of shikonin on ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and determined the mechanisms through which shikonin might exert its topical anti-inflammatory action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute ear oedema was induced in mice by topical application of TPA. The in vitro assays used macrophages RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase Calpha, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphorylated ERK (pERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), pJNK, p38, p-p38, p65, p-p65, inhibitor protein of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) (IkappaBalpha) and pIkappaBalpha were measured by Western blotting, activation and binding of NF-kappaB to DNA was detected by reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively, and NF-kappaB p65 localization was detected by immunocytochemistry. KEY RESULTS Shikonin reduced the oedema (inhibitory dose 50 = 1.0 mg per ear), the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (70%) and of inducible nitric oxide synthase (100%) in vivo. It significantly decreased TPA-induced translocation of protein kinase Calpha, the phosphorylation and activation of ERK, the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and the TPA-induced NF-kappaB-DNA-binding activity in mouse skin. Moreover, in RAW 264.7 cells, shikonin significantly inhibited the binding of NF-kappaB to DNA in a dose-dependent manner and the nuclear translocation of p65. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Shikonin exerted its topical anti-inflammatory action by interfering with the degradation of IkappaBalpha, thus inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Andújar
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Lee SU, Choi YH, Kim YS, Min YK, Rhee M, Kim SH. Anti-resorptive saurolactam exhibits in vitro anti-inflammatory activity via ERK–NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Dambrova M, Zvejniece L, Skapare E, Vilskersts R, Svalbe B, Baumane L, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of NF-kappaB inhibitory guanidine derivative ME10092. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:455-60. [PMID: 20074673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The guanidine compound ME10092 (1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-guanidine) is known to possess anti-radical and anti-ischemic activity but its molecular targets have not been identified. This study investigated whether ME10092 regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-mediated signal transduction in vivo. The effect of ME10092 treatment (1-100 pmol/mouse) on nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, activation of expression of inflammatory mediators and production of nitric oxide were measured in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model in mice in vivo. The antinociceptive activity of ME10092 was tested in the formalin-induced paw licking test. ME10092 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, transcription of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements showed that ME10092 inhibited the LPS-induced increase in nitric oxide content in mouse brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In the formalin-induced paw licking test, ME10092 (at the dose of 3mg/kg, p.o. twice daily for eight days) significantly reduced nociceptive response. In conclusion, above results indicate that ME10092 inhibits NF-kappaB activation and suppresses the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in experimental models in vivo.
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Reynolds JL, Mahajan SD, Aalinkeel R, Nair B, Sykes DE, Schwartz SA. Proteomic analyses of the effects of drugs of abuse on monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells. Immunol Invest 2010; 38:526-50. [PMID: 19811410 DOI: 10.1080/08820130902874110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a global health concern. Understanding how drug abuse modulates the immune system and how the immune system responds to pathogens associated with drug abuse, such hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), can be assessed by an integrated approach comparing proteomic analyses and quantitation of gene expression. Two-dimensional (2D) difference gel electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the proteomic changes that alter normal biological processes when monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells were treated with cocaine or methamphetamine. Both drugs differentially regulated the expression of several functional classes of proteins including those that modulate apoptosis, protein folding, protein kinase activity, and metabolism and proteins that function as intracellular signal transduction molecules. Proteomic data were validated using a combination of quantitative, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. These studies will help to identify the molecular mechanisms, including the expression of several functionally important classes of proteins that have emerged as potential mediators of pathogenesis. These proteins may predispose immunocompetent cells, including dendritic cells, to infection with viruses such as HCV and HIV-1, which are associated with drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Reynolds
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Starska K, Stasikowska O, Lewy-Trenda I, Głowacka E, Łukomski M. Ekspresja transkrypcyjnego czynnika jądrowego NFκB w komórkach raka krtani – korelacja z ekspresją IL-10 oraz cechami kliniczno-morfologicznymi guza. Otolaryngol Pol 2009; 63:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(09)70185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aquila S, Weng ZY, Zeng YQ, Sun HD, Ríos JL. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and iNOS induction by ent-kaurane diterpenoids in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1269-1272. [PMID: 19719246 DOI: 10.1021/np9001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Xerophilusin A (1), xerophilusin B (2), longikaurin B (3), and xerophilusin F (4) from Isodon xerophylus inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC(50) values of 0.60, 0.23, 0.44, and 0.67 muM, respectively, and they all inhibited mRNA production in these same cells. They decreased the luciferase activity in RAW 264.7 cells transiently transfected with the NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter, with IC(50) values of 1.8, 0.7, 1.2, and 1.6 muM, respectively. Compounds 1-3 reduced NF-kappaB activation, with compound 4 showing no effect, but p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and the LPS-induced degradation of IkappaB were inhibited by all four test compounds. These findings indicate that ent-kauranes are potential anti-inflammatory agents, with a specific mechanism in which both the inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation and the consequent decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aquila
- Departament de Farmacologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Cavaliere V, Papademetrio DL, Lorenzetti M, Valva P, Preciado MV, Gargallo P, Larripa I, Monreal MB, Pardo ML, Hajos SE, Blanco GAC, Álvarez ÉMC. Caffeic Acid Phenylethyl Ester and MG-132 Have Apoptotic and Antiproliferative Effects on Leukemic Cells But Not on Normal Mononuclear Cells. Transl Oncol 2009; 2:46-58. [PMID: 19252751 PMCID: PMC2647702 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.08202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy aims to limit proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. Owing to blockade of signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitors can induce apoptosis in a number of hematological malignancies. The efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicine (DOX), may be enhanced with combined therapy based on NF-kappaB modulation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) and MG-132, two nonspecific NF-kappaB inhibitors, and conventional chemotherapeutics drugs DOX and VCR on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction on a lymphoblastoid B-cell line, PL104, established and characterized in our laboratory. CAPE and MG-132 treatment showed a strong antiproliferative effect accompanied by clear cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis induction. Doxorubicine and VCR showed antiproliferative effects similar to those of CAPE and MG-132, although the latter drugs showed an apoptotic rate two-fold higher than DOX and VCR. None of the four compounds showed cytotoxic effect on peripheral mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. CAPE- and MG-132-treated bone marrow cells from patients with myeloid and lymphoid leukemias showed 69% (P < .001) and 25% decrease (P < .01) in cell proliferation and 42% and 34% (P < .01) apoptosis induction, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that CAPE and MG-132 had a strong and selective apoptotic effect on tumor cells that may be useful in future treatment of hematological neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cavaliere
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Prof. Ricardo A. Margni,” CONICET, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Papademetrio
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Prof. Ricardo A. Margni,” CONICET, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Lorenzetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División Patología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Valva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División Patología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Preciado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, División Patología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Gargallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas “Mariano R Castex,” Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Larripa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas “Mariano R Castex,” Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela B Monreal
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo, Fundación Lucha Contra la Leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Pardo
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo, Fundación Lucha Contra la Leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Hajos
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Prof. Ricardo A. Margni,” CONICET, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo AC Blanco
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Prof. Ricardo A. Margni,” CONICET, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Élida MC Álvarez
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral “Prof. Ricardo A. Margni,” CONICET, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Agarwal S. The association of active and passive smoking with peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 1999-2004. Angiology 2009; 60:335-45. [PMID: 19153101 DOI: 10.1177/0003319708330526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to quantify the association between different forms of tobacco use and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and to characterize the association between secondhand smoke exposure and PAD in a large nationally representative sample of the US population. We observed significant associations between current and former cigarette smoking and PAD. The association between noncigarette forms of tobacco and PAD was not significant even after adjustment for clinical and demographic variables. Secondhand smoke was not significantly associated with PAD. Interestingly, a ;;threshold phenomenon'' for tobacco exposure was demonstrated for PAD occurrence. Individuals with serum cotinine >155 ng/ mL were at significantly higher risk of having PAD as compared with a nonexistent or a minimal risk below this threshold value. Lack of association between PAD and secondhand smoke exposure in conjunction with the threshold phenomenon described above leads us to speculate existence of striking differences between the systemic circulation and lower extremity vasculature in terms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Agarwal
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44114, USA.
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49
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Nakao S, Ogata Y, Sugiya H. Nicotine stimulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA via NFkappaB activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:251-7. [PMID: 19147120 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, a major component in tobacco smoke, stimulates the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2). We investigated the involvement of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in the nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, in human gingival fibroblasts. Nicotine-stimulated release of prostaglandin E(2) and expression of COX-2 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The nicotine-stimulated release of prostaglandin E(2) and expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein were inhibited by an NFkappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), by approximately 50%. Nicotine stimulation of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NFkappaB degradation, was also characterized by Western blotting. Mecamylamine, a specific antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, failed to inhibit the effect of nicotine on prostaglandin E(2) release. When human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with [3H]-nicotine, uptake of nicotine was observed. These results suggest that nicotine is taken up by human gingival fibroblasts and that it then stimulates COX-2 expression via the activation of NFkappaB and the subsequent release of prostaglandin E(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Nakao
- Department of Oral Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
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50
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Li M, Chen Q, Shen Y, Liu W. Candida albicans phospholipomannan triggers inflammatory responses of human keratinocytes through Toll-like receptor 2. Exp Dermatol 2008; 18:603-10. [PMID: 19196344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of Candida albicans components and activation of innate immunity. Phospholipomannan (PLM), a glycolipid, is expressed at the surface of C. albicans cell wall, which acts as a member of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns family. In this study, we sought to clarify whether C. albicans-native PLM could induce an inflammation response in human keratinocytes and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Exposure of cultured human primary keratinocytes to PLM led to the increased gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8). PLM hydrolysed with beta-d-mannoside mannohydrolase failed to induce gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. PLM up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2, whereas the mRNA level of TLR4 was not altered. Keratinocytes challenged with PLM resulted in the activation of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) including p38. Anti-TLR2 neutralizing antibody, NFkappaB and p38MAPK inhibitors blocked the PLM-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8 in keratinocytes, but no such effect was observed in pretreatment with anti-TLR4-neutralizing antibody and lipopolysaccharide inhibitor (polymyxin B). These data suggest C. albicans-native PLM may contribute to the inflammatory responses of cutaneous candidiasis in the TLR2-NF-kappaB and p38MAPK signalling pathway dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao St., Nanjing 210042, China.
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