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Komori H, Rastogi G, Bugay JP, Luo H, Lin S, Angers S, Smibert CA, Lipshitz HD, Lee CY. Post-transcriptional regulatory pre-complex assembly drives timely cell-state transitions during differentiation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.29.591706. [PMID: 38746105 PMCID: PMC11092521 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Complexes that control mRNA stability and translation promote timely cell-state transitions during differentiation by ensuring appropriate expression patterns of key developmental regulators. The Drosophila RNA-binding protein Brain tumor (Brat) promotes degradation of target transcripts during the maternal-to-zygotic transition in syncytial embryos and in uncommitted intermediate neural progenitors (immature INPs). We identified Ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (Usp5) as a Brat interactor essential for the degradation of Brat target mRNAs in both cell types. Usp5 promotes Brat-dedadenylase pre-complex assembly in mitotic neural stem cells (neuroblasts) by bridging Brat and the scaffolding components of deadenylase complexes lacking their catalytic subunits. The adaptor protein Miranda binds the RNA-binding domain of Brat, limiting its ability to bind target mRNAs in mitotic neuroblasts. Cortical displacement of Miranda activates Brat-mediated mRNA decay in immature INPs. We propose that the assembly of an enzymatically inactive and RNA-binding-deficient pre-complex poises mRNA degradation machineries for rapid activation driving timely developmental transitions.
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Lee CY, Howe TH. Effectiveness of Activity-Based Task-Oriented Training on Upper Extremity Recovery for Adults With Stroke: A Systematic Review. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7802180070. [PMID: 38393992 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Interventions for improving upper extremity (UE) recovery have become a priority in stroke rehabilitation because UE disability can undermine a person's capacity to perform daily activities after stroke. A better understanding of the use of activity-based task-oriented training (TOT) will inform the development of more effective UE interventions in stroke rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of activity-based TOT in improving the UE recovery of adults with stroke. DATA SOURCES CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, and PubMed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION Inclusion criteria included quantitative studies published between June 2012 and December 2022 that reported UE recovery as an outcome, including measurements of motor function, motor performance, and performance of activities of daily living (ADLs); a sample age ≥18 yr, with stroke in all phases; and interventions that incorporated real-world daily activities. We assessed articles for inclusion, quality, and risk of bias following Cochrane methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. FINDINGS Sixteen studies (692 participants, Level 1-4 evidence) were included. Strong to moderate evidence supported the effectiveness of activity-based TOT in UE motor function, motor performance, and ADL performance for adults with stroke. Strong evidence supported the effectiveness of hospital-based TOT, and moderate evidence supported the effectiveness of home-based TOT. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results not only showed the value of activity-based TOT as an effective UE intervention in stroke rehabilitation but also supported the occupational therapy philosophy of using functional and meaningful activities in practice. Further research on home-based TOT is needed. Plain-Language Summary: This systematic review shows the effectiveness and value of using real-life activities in task-oriented training approaches for adult survivors of stroke. The authors found strong evidence for hospital-based task-oriented training interventions and moderate evidence for home-based interventions for improving upper extremity recovery. This review shows the value of upper extremity task-oriented training as an effective intervention in stroke rehabilitation. The review also supports the occupational therapy philosophy of using functional and meaningful activities in practice as well as the profession's use of evidence-based practice in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lee
- Cheng-Yu Lee, OTD, OTR/L, is OTD Program Graduate, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School, New York University, New York, NY;
| | - Tsu-Hsin Howe
- Tsu-Hsin Howe, PhD, OTR, FAOTA, is Associate Professor and Department Chair, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School, New York University, New York, NY
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Petronek MS, Bodeker KL, Lee CY, Teferi N, Eschbacher KL, Jones KA, Loeffler BT, Smith BJ, Buatti JM, Magnotta VA, Allen BG. Iron-based biomarkers for personalizing pharmacological ascorbate therapy in glioblastoma: insights from a phase 2 clinical trial. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:493-501. [PMID: 38285244 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological ascorbate (intravenous delivery reaching plasma concentrations ≈ 20 mM; P-AscH-) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Recently, a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival when P-AscH- was combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy. As P-AscH- relies on iron-dependent mechanisms, this study aimed to assess the predictive potential of both molecular and imaging-based iron-related markers to enhance the personalization of P-AscH- therapy in glioblastoma participants. METHODS Participants (n = 55) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial conducted at the University of Iowa (NCT02344355). Tumor samples obtained during surgical resection were processed and stained for transferrin receptor and ferritin heavy chain expression. A blinded pathologist performed pathological assessment. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) measures were obtained from pre-radiotherapy MRI scans following maximal safe surgical resection. Circulating blood iron panels were evaluated prior to therapy through the University of Iowa Diagnostic Laboratory. RESULTS Through univariate analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between tumor transferrin receptor expression and overall and progression-free survival. QSM measures exhibited a significant, positive association with progression-free survival. Subjects were actively followed until disease progression and then were followed through chart review or clinical visits for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzes iron-related biomarkers in the context of P-AscH- therapy for glioblastoma. Integrating molecular, systemic, and imaging-based markers offers a multifaceted approach to tailoring treatment strategies, thereby contributing to improved patient outcomes and advancing the field of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - K L Bodeker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N Teferi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K L Eschbacher
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K A Jones
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B T Loeffler
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - V A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Lee CY, Lin CH. Calcific myonecrosis misdiagnosed as right leg abscess: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29:453-455. [PMID: 37752774 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Huang KCY, Lee CY, Wu CH, Sung CY, Chen WTL, Ke TW, Liang JA, Lai CY, Hong WZ, Chuang EY, Chao KSC. Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine for Immunologically Cold Microsatellite-stable Colorectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S71. [PMID: 37784559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized management of some cancers but have little benefit for microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer patients (MSS-CRC). This is, in part, due to the low mutations and neoantigen expression in this immunogenically "cold" MSS-CRC. Therefore, we aim to develop novel shared neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccine to reinvigorate antitumor immunity and enhance the therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy in MSS-CRC. MATERIALS/METHODS To identify novel highly expressed and shared neoantigens, we collected 40 match-paired adjacent normal and tumor tissues from MSS-CRC patients for WES-seq, RNA-seq, and liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). By incorporating these databases, we established Neoantigen Discovery and Validation (NeoDiva) system to identify a cluster of highly expressed and shared neoantigens derived from non-coding regions and evaluate its immunogenicity by HLA-A*11 transgenic mice. We then develop a neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccine by an engineered adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in combination with radiotherapy in MSS-CRC animal model. RESULTS We identified a cluster of highly expressed and shared neoantigens (HLA-A*11-restricted) derived from non-coding regions. The immunogenicity of these novel neoantigens was demonstrated by HLA-A*11 transgenic mice and ex vivo stimulation. Moreover, the engineered AAV-based neoantigen cancer vaccine significantly eradicates cancer cells, prevents distant metastasis, prolong survival period in combination with radiotherapy. By flow cytometry, ELISPOT and MHC-I-tetramer assay, we demonstrated the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was remarkably increased and neoantigen-specific T cell response was enhanced. Moreover, these isolated neoantigen-specific T cells can recognize cancer cells and produce IFNg to kill cancer cells. CONCLUSION Neoantigens identified by our NeoDiVa platform, via the combination of radiotherapy and a novel AAV vaccine delivery system, boosted antigen-specific T-cell function and improve tumor control of limnologically "cold" MSS colorectal cancer in vivo. We are in the process of obtaining an IND and initiating Phase I/II clinical trial to validate safety and efficacy of these exciting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Y Huang
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lee
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Wu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Sung
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W T L Chen
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T W Ke
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J A Liang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lai
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W Z Hong
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - E Y Chuang
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K S C Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tan CY, Thanawongnuwech R, Arshad SS, Hassan L, Lee CY, Low SE, Fong WCM, Ooi PT. First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) in Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2023; 40:301-306. [PMID: 37897162 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is the newest member in the porcine circovirus family, first reported in 2020. To date, the presence of PCV4 has only been reported in China, South Korea and most recently in Thailand. Detection of PCV4 have been reported in various production stages of pigs from piglets, finishers to sows; associated with a myriad of clinical manifestations including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respiratory, enteric and neurological diseases. While successful virus isolation and culture has yet to be reported, pathogenicity of PCV4 has been demonstrated through infectious clone studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of PCV4 in Malaysian porcine population to update the epidemiology of porcine circoviruses in Malaysia. A total of 49 samples from commercial intensive pig farms, abattoir and wild boar population were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction assay to detect PCV4 capsid (cap) genome. Resulting cap nucleotide sequences were analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship. Results revealed that PCV4 is present in Peninsular Malaysia at a molecular prevalence of 4.08% (2 / 49 samples). Both PCV4 positive samples originated from clinically healthy finishers. Malaysian PCV4 strains were classified as genotype PCV4b, and were found to be phylogenetically distinct from the China, South Korea and Thailand strains. With this latest update of the novel PCV4 in Malaysia, it is clear that more attention needs to be given to the investigation of novel porcine circoviruses (PCV) and management of PCV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S S Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - L Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S E Low
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W C M Fong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P T Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rajan A, Anhezini L, Rives-Quinto N, Chhabra JY, Neville MC, Larson ED, Goodwin SF, Harrison MM, Lee CY. Low-level repressive histone marks fine-tune gene transcription in neural stem cells. eLife 2023; 12:e86127. [PMID: 37314324 PMCID: PMC10344426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of gene activity by transcriptional and translational mechanisms poise stem cells for a timely cell-state transition during differentiation. Although important for all stemness-to-differentiation transitions, mechanistic understanding of the fine-tuning of gene transcription is lacking due to the compensatory effect of translational control. We used intermediate neural progenitor (INP) identity commitment to define the mechanisms that fine-tune stemness gene transcription in fly neural stem cells (neuroblasts). We demonstrate that the transcription factor FruitlessC (FruC) binds cis-regulatory elements of most genes uniquely transcribed in neuroblasts. Loss of fruC function alone has no effect on INP commitment but drives INP dedifferentiation when translational control is reduced. FruC negatively regulates gene expression by promoting low-level enrichment of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 in gene cis-regulatory regions. Identical to fruC loss-of-function, reducing Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 activity increases stemness gene activity. We propose low-level H3K27me3 enrichment fine-tunes gene transcription in stem cells, a mechanism likely conserved from flies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rajan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Noemi Rives-Quinto
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Jay Y Chhabra
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Megan C Neville
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth D Larson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Stephen F Goodwin
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Melissa M Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
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Chu H, Hu X, Lee CY, Zhang A, Ye Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yan X, Wang X, Wei J, He S, Li Y. A wearable electrochemical fabric for cytokine monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 232:115301. [PMID: 37062203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors monitoring various biomarkers in sweat provide comprehensive and prompt profiling of health states at molecular levels. Cytokines existed in sweat with trace amounts play an important role in cellular activity modulation. Unfortunately, flexible and wearable biosensors for cytokine monitoring have not yet been achieved due to the limitation of membrane-based structure and sensing strategy. Herein, we develop a novel electrochemical fabric based on aptamer-functionalized carbon nanotube/graphene fibers for real-time and in situ monitoring of IL-6, a paramount cytokine biomarker for inflammation and cancer. This fabric system possesses flexibility, anti-fatigue ability and breathability for wearable applications and can apply to different body parts in various forms. Moreover, the electrochemical fabric can track other biomarkers by replacing the coupling aptamer, serving as a universal platform for sweat analysis. This fabric-based platform holds the potential to facilitate an intelligent and personalized health monitoring approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xiaokang Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Anning Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sisi He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Yingchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
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Shen YC, Lee CY, Wang HH, Kao MH, Hou PC, Chen YY, Huang WH, Shen CH, Chueh YL. Embedded Integration of Sb 2Se 3 Film by Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Reaction with Polycrystalline Si Transistor for High-Performance Flexible Visible-to-Near-Infrared Photodetector. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2019-2028. [PMID: 36689417 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible optoelectronics have garnered considerable interest for applications such as optical communication, motion capture, biosignal detection, and night vision. Transition-metal dichalcogenides are widely used as flexible photodetectors owing to their outstanding electrical and optical properties and high flexibility. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) Sb2Se3 film-based one transistor-one resistor (1T1R) flexible photodetector with high photosensing current and detection ranges from visible to near-infrared was developed. The flexible 1T1R was fabricated using an efficient field-effect transistor platform with the 2D Sb2Se3 film directly deposited on the sensing region using a low-temperature plasma-assisted chemical vapor reaction. The photodetector could achieve a maximum Iphoto/Idark of 15,000 under white light with a power density of 26 mW/cm2, in which the photodetector showed quick rising and falling response times of 0.16 and 0.28 s, respectively. The 2D Sb2Se3 film exhibits broadband absorption in the visible and IR regions, yielding an excellent photoresponse under laser illumination with different wavelengths. To investigate the flexibility and stability of the 1T1R photodetector, the photoresponses were measured under different bending cycles and curvatures, which maintained its functions and exhibited high stability under convex and concave bending at a curvature radius of 20 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hsiang Wang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Kao
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hou
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Huang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hong Shen
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Wang N, Lee CY, Park HC, Nauen DW, Chaichana KL, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Bettegowda C, Li X. Deep learning-based optical coherence tomography image analysis of human brain cancer. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:81-88. [PMID: 36698668 PMCID: PMC9842008 DOI: 10.1364/boe.477311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Real-time intraoperative delineation of cancer and non-cancer brain tissues, especially in the eloquent cortex, is critical for thorough cancer resection, lengthening survival, and improving quality of life. Prior studies have established that thresholding optical attenuation values reveals cancer regions with high sensitivity and specificity. However, threshold of a single value disregards local information important to making more robust predictions. Hence, we propose deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on labeled OCT images and co-occurrence matrix features extracted from these images to synergize attenuation characteristics and texture features. Specifically, we adapt a deep ensemble model trained on 5,831 examples in a training dataset of 7 patients. We obtain 93.31% sensitivity and 97.04% specificity on a holdout set of 4 patients without the need for beam profile normalization using a reference phantom. The segmentation maps produced by parsing the OCT volume and tiling the outputs of our model are in excellent agreement with attenuation mapping-based methods. Our new approach for this important application has considerable implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David W. Nauen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Larson ED, Komori H, Fitzpatrick ZA, Krabbenhoft SD, Lee CY, Harrison M. Premature translation of the Drosophila zygotic genome activator Zelda is not sufficient to precociously activate gene expression. G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 12:6649735. [PMID: 35876878 PMCID: PMC9434156 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Following fertilization, the unified germ cells rapidly transition to a totipotent embryo. Maternally deposited mRNAs encode the proteins necessary for this reprogramming as the zygotic genome remains transcriptionally quiescent during the initial stages of development. The transcription factors required to activate the zygotic genome are among these maternally deposited mRNAs and are robustly translated following fertilization. In Drosophila, the mRNA encoding Zelda, the major activator of the zygotic genome, is not translated until 1 h after fertilization. Here we demonstrate that zelda translation is repressed in the early embryo by the TRIM-NHL protein Brain tumor (BRAT). BRAT also regulates Zelda levels in the larval neuroblast lineage. In the embryo, BRAT-mediated translational repression is regulated by the Pan Gu kinase, which is triggered by egg activation. The Pan Gu kinase phosphorylates translational regulators, suggesting that Pan Gu kinase activity alleviates translational repression of zelda by BRAT and coupling translation of zelda with that of other regulators of early embryonic development. Using the premature translation of zelda in embryos lacking BRAT activity, we showed that early translation of a zygotic genome activator is not sufficient to drive precocious gene expression. Instead, Zelda-target genes showed increased expression at the time they are normally activated. We propose that transition through early development requires the integration of multiple processes, including the slowing of the nuclear division cycle and activation of the zygotic genome. These processes are coordinately controlled by Pan Gu kinase-mediated regulation of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Larson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hideyuki Komori
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zoe A Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel D Krabbenhoft
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melissa Harrison
- Corresponding author: Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 440 Henry Mall, 6204B Biochemical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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12
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Larson ED, Komori H, Gibson TJ, Ostgaard CM, Hamm DC, Schnell JM, Lee CY, Harrison MM. Cell-type-specific chromatin occupancy by the pioneer factor Zelda drives key developmental transitions in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7153. [PMID: 34887421 PMCID: PMC8660810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During Drosophila embryogenesis, the essential pioneer factor Zelda defines hundreds of cis-regulatory regions and in doing so reprograms the zygotic transcriptome. While Zelda is essential later in development, it is unclear how the ability of Zelda to define cis-regulatory regions is shaped by cell-type-specific chromatin architecture. Asymmetric division of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) in the fly brain provide an excellent paradigm for investigating the cell-type-specific functions of this pioneer factor. We show that Zelda synergistically functions with Notch to maintain neuroblasts in an undifferentiated state. Zelda misexpression reprograms progenitor cells to neuroblasts, but this capacity is limited by transcriptional repressors critical for progenitor commitment. Zelda genomic occupancy in neuroblasts is reorganized as compared to the embryo, and this reorganization is correlated with differences in chromatin accessibility and cofactor availability. We propose that Zelda regulates essential transitions in the neuroblasts and embryo through a shared gene-regulatory network driven by cell-type-specific enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Larson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hideyuki Komori
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tyler J Gibson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cyrina M Ostgaard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danielle C Hamm
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack M Schnell
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Melissa M Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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13
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Rajan A, Ostgaard CM, Lee CY. Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Competency and Commitment during Indirect Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12871. [PMID: 34884676 PMCID: PMC8657492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect neurogenesis, during which neural stem cells generate neurons through intermediate progenitors, drives the evolution of lissencephalic brains to gyrencephalic brains. The mechanisms that specify intermediate progenitor identity and that regulate stem cell competency to generate intermediate progenitors remain poorly understood despite their roles in indirect neurogenesis. Well-characterized lineage hierarchy and available powerful genetic tools for manipulating gene functions make fruit fly neural stem cell (neuroblast) lineages an excellent in vivo paradigm for investigating the mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis. Type II neuroblasts in fly larval brains repeatedly undergo asymmetric divisions to generate intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) that undergo limited proliferation to increase the number of neurons generated per stem cell division. Here, we review key regulatory genes and the mechanisms by which they promote the specification and generation of INPs, safeguarding the indirect generation of neurons during fly larval brain neurogenesis. Homologs of these regulators of INPs have been shown to play important roles in regulating brain development in vertebrates. Insight into the precise regulation of intermediate progenitors will likely improve our understanding of the control of indirect neurogenesis during brain development and brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Rajan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.R.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Cyrina M. Ostgaard
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.R.); (C.M.O.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.R.); (C.M.O.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Lee CY, Liao CH, Fang NM, Hsieh YZ. DNAzyme-Amplified Label-Free Biosensor for the Simple and Sensitive Detection of Pyrophosphatase. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 34821638 PMCID: PMC8615721 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The level of pyrophosphatase (PPase) expression has been suggested as a potential biomarker of various cancers, and its prognostic value has been evaluated in patients suffering from lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hyperthyroidism. However, the detection of PPase usually needs specific materials that require complicated, time-consuming reactions with restricted linear range and sensitivity, limiting their application in early clinical diagnosis. Herein, we developed a DNAzyme-based biosensor for the detection of PPase. In the presence of PPase, pyrophosphate (PPi) and Cu2+ ions released from the PPi-Cu2+-PPi complex induce the cleavage of the DNAzyme and the corresponding substrate. An apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site was elaborately designed within substrates that could encase the fluorophore 2-amino-5,6,7-trimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine (ATMND). The fluorescence of ATMND was initially quenched but restored when the DNAzyme/substrate complex was hydrolyzed with the release of ATMND. In this way, the PPase activity can be estimated by detecting the increased fluorescence of the released ATMND. Under optimized conditions, the activity of PPase could be analyzed at concentrations from 0.5 to 1000 mU, with the lowest detectable concentration being 0.5 mU. This work lays a foundation for developing a DNAzyme-amplified fluorescent biosensor with a high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and single-step operation for use as an easy diagnostic for PPase analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); (N.-M.F.)
| | - Chi-Hsiang Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); (N.-M.F.)
| | - Nei-Mei Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); (N.-M.F.)
| | - You-Zung Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (C.-H.L.); (N.-M.F.)
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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15
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Choi H, Ko Y, Lee CY, Chung SJ, Kim HI, Kim JH, Park S, Hwang YI, Jang SH, Jung KS, Kim YK, Park JY. Impact of COVID-19 on TB epidemiology in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:854-860. [PMID: 34615583 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Five referral hospitals, South Korea.OBJECTIVE: To assess epidemiological changes in TB before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.DESIGN: This was a multicentre cohort study of 3,969 patients diagnosed with TB.RESULTS: We analysed 3,453 patients diagnosed with TB prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2016-February 2020) and 516 during the pandemic (March-November 2020). During the pandemic, the number of patients visits declined by 15% from the previous 4-year average, and the number of patients diagnosed with TB decreased by 17%. Patients diagnosed during the pandemic were older than those diagnosed before the pandemic (mean age, 60.2 vs. 56.6 years, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients to have primary TB at a younger age (births after 1980) among those diagnosed with TB was significantly lower during the pandemic than before (17.8% in 2020 vs. 23.5% in 2016, 24.0% in 2017, 22.5% in 2018, 23.5% in 2019; P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reduction in the number of visits to respiratory departments, leading to fewer patients being diagnosed with TB. However, our results suggest that universal personal preventive measures help to suppress TB transmission in regions with intermediate TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Y Ko
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan, Korea
| | - H I Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y I Hwang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S H Jang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - K-S Jung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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16
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Jensen L, Venkei ZG, Watase GJ, Bisai B, Pletcher S, Lee CY, Yamashita YM. me31B regulates stem cell homeostasis by preventing excess dedifferentiation in the Drosophila male germline. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269264. [PMID: 34164657 PMCID: PMC8325955 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis by providing a continuous supply of differentiated cells throughout the life of organisms. Differentiated/differentiating cells can revert back to a stem cell identity via dedifferentiation to help maintain the stem cell pool beyond the lifetime of individual stem cells. Although dedifferentiation is important for maintaining the stem cell population, it is speculated that it underlies tumorigenesis. Therefore, this process must be tightly controlled. Here, we show that a translational regulator, me31B, plays a critical role in preventing excess dedifferentiation in the Drosophila male germline: in the absence of me31B, spermatogonia dedifferentiate into germline stem cells (GSCs) at a dramatically elevated frequency. Our results show that the excess dedifferentiation is likely due to misregulation of nos, a key regulator of germ cell identity and GSC maintenance. Taken together, our data reveal negative regulation of dedifferentiation to balance stem cell maintenance with differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Jensen
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zsolt G Venkei
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George J Watase
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bitarka Bisai
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott Pletcher
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yukiko M Yamashita
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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17
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Michki NS, Li Y, Sanjasaz K, Zhao Y, Shen FY, Walker LA, Cao W, Lee CY, Cai D. The molecular landscape of neural differentiation in the developing Drosophila brain revealed by targeted scRNA-seq and multi-informatic analysis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109039. [PMID: 33909998 PMCID: PMC8139287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila type II neuroblast lineages present an attractive model to investigate the neurogenesis and differentiation process as they adapt to a process similar to that in the human outer subventricular zone. We perform targeted single-cell mRNA sequencing in third instar larval brains to study this process of the type II NB lineage. Combining prior knowledge, in silico analyses, and in situ validation, our multi-informatic investigation describes the molecular landscape from a single developmental snapshot. 17 markers are identified to differentiate distinct maturation stages. 30 markers are identified to specify the stem cell origin and/or cell division numbers of INPs, and at least 12 neuronal subtypes are identified. To foster future discoveries, we provide annotated tables of pairwise gene-gene correlation in single cells and MiCV, a web tool for interactively analyzing scRNA-seq datasets. Taken together, these resources advance our understanding of the neural differentiation process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Michki
- Biophysics LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayvon Sanjasaz
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fred Y Shen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Logan A Walker
- Biophysics LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenjia Cao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawen Cai
- Biophysics LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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18
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Lee CY, Bisig CG, Conrad MN, Ditamo Y, Previato de Almeida L, Dresser ME, Pezza RJ. Telomere-led meiotic chromosome movements: recent update in structure and function. Nucleus 2020; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32412326 PMCID: PMC7781623 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1769456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In S. cerevisiae prophase meiotic chromosomes move by forces generated in the cytoplasm and transduced to the telomere via a protein complex located in the nuclear membrane. We know that chromosome movements require actin cytoskeleton [13,31] and the proteins Ndj1, Mps3, and Csm4. Until recently, the identity of the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with the cytoskeleton components was missing. It was also not known the identity of a cytoplasmic motor responsible for interacting with the actin cytoskeleton and a protein at the outer nuclear envelope. Our recent work [36] identified Mps2 as the protein connecting Ndj1-Mps3 with cytoskeleton components; Myo2 as the cytoplasmic motor that interacts with Mps2; and Cms4 as a regulator of Mps2 and Myo2 interaction and activities (Figure 1). Below we present a model for how Mps2, Csm4, and Myo2 promote chromosome movements by providing the primary connections joining telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton through the LINC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C G Bisig
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M N Conrad
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Y Ditamo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto-CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Previato de Almeida
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M E Dresser
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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19
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Rives-Quinto N, Komori H, Ostgaard CM, Janssens DH, Kondo S, Dai Q, Moore AW, Lee CY. Sequential activation of transcriptional repressors promotes progenitor commitment by silencing stem cell identity genes. eLife 2020; 9:e56187. [PMID: 33241994 PMCID: PMC7728440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells that indirectly generate differentiated cells through intermediate progenitors drives vertebrate brain evolution. Due to a lack of lineage information, how stem cell functionality, including the competency to generate intermediate progenitors, becomes extinguished during progenitor commitment remains unclear. Type II neuroblasts in fly larval brains divide asymmetrically to generate a neuroblast and a progeny that commits to an intermediate progenitor (INP) identity. We identified Tailless (Tll) as a master regulator of type II neuroblast functional identity, including the competency to generate INPs. Successive expression of transcriptional repressors functions through Hdac3 to silence tll during INP commitment. Reducing repressor activity allows re-activation of Notch in INPs to ectopically induce tll expression driving supernumerary neuroblast formation. Knocking-down hdac3 function prevents downregulation of tll during INP commitment. We propose that continual inactivation of stem cell identity genes allows intermediate progenitors to stably commit to generating diverse differentiated cells during indirect neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideyuki Komori
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Cyrina M Ostgaard
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Derek H Janssens
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
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20
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Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the link between earnings pressure and R&D cut as well as the moderating effects of family control and debt.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 6,130 firm-year observations of Taiwanese-listed firms were used to test the hypotheses by using a panel data regression with fixed effects estimation.
Findings
The study reveals that earnings pressure is positively related to R&D cut, and this relationship can be softened when having the presence of family control and debt.
Research limitations/implications
This study is conducted based on some conditions: data collection comes from a single source, earnings pressure mainly comes from analysts, R&D intensity is significant among industries, debt is a given condition to managers. Future studies, thus, are suggested to use other approaches to have further information and extend the knowledge without these conditions.
Practical implications
Under the pressure of meeting analyst forecast, managers have more opportunities to flourish their priority on improving temporary profits rather than implementing R&D investments with costly budget but unpredictable outcomes. In addition to responding to the positive effect of earnings pressure on trimming long-term corporate investments, this study also found some corporate governance mechanisms to soften the managerial short-termism behavior.
Originality/value
The findings partially contribute to broadening the existing knowledge base on the impact of earnings pressure on corporate activities and how some mechanisms serve as moderators.
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21
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Low QJ, Siaw C, Cheo SW, Kim HS, Benjamin Leo CL, Norliza O, Lee CY. A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with right ventricle thrombus: A case report. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:452-454. [PMID: 32724017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare inherited cardiomyopathy characterised by right ventricular dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Due to the replacement of myocardium with fibro-fatty and fibrous tissue, patients with ARVC are prone to develop ventricular tachycardia. Histologically, it is often reported as the 'triangle of dysplasia' involving the inflow tract, outflow tract and apex of the right ventricle.2 We describe a 20-years-old patient who collapsed during a futsal match and was subsequently diagnosed to have ARVC with a right ventricular thrombus from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Low
- Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Department of Internal Medicine, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - C Siaw
- Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Department of Internal Medicine, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S W Cheo
- Hospital Lahad Datu, Department of Internal Medicine, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H S Kim
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of General Surgery, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C L Benjamin Leo
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of General Surgery, Johor, Malaysia
| | - O Norliza
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Radiology, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Lee
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of General Surgery, Johor, Malaysia
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22
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Lee CY, Petkova M, Morales-Gonzalez S, Gimber N, Schmoranzer J, Meisel A, Böhmerle W, Stenzel W, Schuelke M, Schwarz JM. A spontaneous missense mutation in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene: a novel association with congenital myasthenic syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:588-601. [PMID: 32267004 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are characterized by muscle weakness, ptosis and episodic apnoea. Mutations affect integral protein components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here we searched for the genetic basis of CMS in female monozygotic twins. METHODS We employed whole-exome sequencing for mutation detection and Sanger sequencing for segregation analysis. Immunohistology was done with antibodies against CHD8, rapsyn, β-catenin (βCAT) and golgin on fi-bro-blasts, human and mouse muscle. We recorded superresolution images of the NMJ using 3D-structured illumination microscopy. RESULTS We discovered a spontaneous missense mutation in CHD8 [chr14:g.21,884,051G>A, GRCh37.p11 | c.1732C>T, NM_00117062 | p.(R578C)], the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8. This is the first missense mutation affecting Duplin, the short 110 kDa isoform of CHD8. It is known that CHD8/Duplin negatively regulates βCAT signalling in the WNT pathway and plays a role in chromatin remodelling. Inactivating CHD8 mutations are associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability in combination with facial dysmorphism, overgrowth and macrocephalus. No muscle-specific phenotype has been reported to date. Co-immunostaining with rapsyn on human and mouse muscle revealed a strong presence of CHD8 at the NMJ being located towards the sarcoplasmic side of the rapsyn cluster, where it co-localizes with βCAT. CONCLUSION We hypothesize CHD8 to have a role in the maintenance of the structural integrity and function of the NMJ. Both patients benefited from treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine, a reversible blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels at the nerve terminal that prolongs the action potential and increases acetylcholine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Petkova
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Morales-Gonzalez
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Meisel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Böhmerle
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schuelke
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Schwarz
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Lu CH, Ou HC, Day CH, Chen HI, Pai PY, Lee CY, Chen RJ, Chang RL, PadmaViswanadha V, Hsieh DJY, Huang CY. Deep sea minerals ameliorate diabetic-induced inflammation via inhibition of TNFα signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:468-477. [PMID: 31794124 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well-documented that the consumption of deep sea water (DSW) has beneficial effects on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac apoptosis induced by hypercholesterolemia. However, the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of DSW on diabetic cardiomyopathy are still largely unclear. The main purpose of this present study was to test the hypothesis that DSW exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of the TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways. IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 65 mg/kg was used to establish a diabetes rat model. DSW mineral extracts that diluted in desalinated water were prepared in three different dosages and administered to the rats through gavages for 4 weeks. These dosages are DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+ /kg/day), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+ /kg/day) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+ mg/kg/day). Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that the protein expression level of TNF-α was markedly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts than in the control group. Consequently, the phosphorylation levels of the TNF-α-modulated downstream signaling molecules and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were notably elevated in heart tissues of STZ-induced diabetes. These higher phosphorylation levels subsequently upregulated NF-κB-modulated inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, treatment with DSW as well as MgSO4 , the main mineral in DSW, significantly reversed all the alterations. These findings suggest that DSW has potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-I Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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24
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Chan KL, Lin WH, Chen FJ, Yang MH, Jiang CH, Lee CY, Chiu HT, Lee CY. Photocatalytic performance of bipyramidal anatase TiO2 toward the degradation organic dyes and its catalyst poisoning effect. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Ang KP, Quek ZQ, Lee CY, Lu HT. Acute myocarditis mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A diagnostic challenge for frontline clinicians. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:561-563. [PMID: 31929492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of acute myocarditis is highly variable ranging from no symptoms to cardiogenic shock. Despite considerable progress, it remains a challenge for frontline physicians to discriminate between acute myocarditis and myocardial infarction, especially in the early phase. Our case serves as a reminder that acute presentation of myocarditis could resemble ST elevation myocardial infarction potentially misdirecting the therapeutic decision. The clinical presentation, electrocardiographic and laboratory findings of the patient are not specific enough to distinguish acute myocarditis from myocardial infarction. The gold standard tests such coronary angiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can reliably differentiate the two entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Ang
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Z Q Quek
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Lee
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H T Lu
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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26
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Wang TA, Chan MC, Lee HC, Lee CY, Tsai MT. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography/angiography with an economic and compact supercontinuum laser. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:5687-5702. [PMID: 31799040 PMCID: PMC6865110 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a Q-switch pumped supercontinuum laser (QS-SCL) is used as a light source for in vivo imaging via ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography and angiography (UHR-OCT/OCTA). For this purpose, an OCT system based on a spectral-domain detection scheme is constructed, and a spectrometer with a spectral range of 635 - 875 nm is designed. The effective full-width at half maximum of spectrum covers 150 nm, and the corresponding axial and transverse resolutions are 2 and 10 µm in air, respectively. The relative intensity noise of the QS-SCL and mode-locked SCL is quantitatively compared. Furthermore, a special processing algorithm is developed to eliminate the intrinsic noise of QS-SCL. This work demonstrates that QS-SCLs can effectively reduce the cost and size of UHR-OCT/OCTA instruments, making clinical applications feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ang Wang
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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27
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Bonde AN, Lee CY, Lip GYH, Kamper AL, Staerk LS, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason G, Olesen JB. 3052Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are safe and effective alternatives to warfarin across subgroups by renal function: results from Danish registries. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
All non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have some degree of renal excretion, and patients with severely reduced renal function have been excluded from randomized controlled clinical trials of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). Influence of renal function on outcomes has not been assessed in previous real-world studies of NOACs in AF.
Purpose
To assess influence of renal function on efficacy and safety of dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban vs. warfarin.
Methods
Using nationwide registries, we identified all Danish AF patients who initiated warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or apixaban between 2012 and 2016. We included patients with a plasma creatinine measurement within 14 days from drug initiation and calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Hazard ratio (HR) of stroke/thromboembolism (TE) or major bleeding according to oral anticoagulation was calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses with warfarin as reference.
Results
We included 14,673 AF patients who started first-time oral anticoagulation within 14 days from AF diagnosis, and our study population comprised 2482 (16.9%) initiators of dabigatran (median age 72, 44.5% women), 3806 (25.9%) initiators of rivaroxaban (median age 75, 48.0% women), 5067 (34.5%) initiators of apixaban (median age 76, 48.8% women), and 3318 (22.6%) initiators of warfarin (median age 75, 45.4% women). eGFR was >50, 30–50 and 15 to <30 mL/min/1.73m2 in 10,281 (83.1%), 2079 (14.2%) and 404 (2.8%) patients at baseline. After adjustment for age, sex, year of inclusion, income, cohabitation status, eGFR, hemoglobin, medications and comorbidities, the HRs for stroke/TE compared to warfarin were 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–1.20) for dabigatran, 1.06 (CI 0.84–1.34) for rivaroxaban, and 1.10 (CI 0.88–1.36) for apixaban. There were no significant heterogeneities in HRs of stroke/TE across subgroups by eGFR. Apixaban (HR 0.74, CI 0.62–0.89) was associated with lower risk of major bleeding compared to warfarin, rivaroxaban (HR 1.06, CI 0.88–1.27) with risk of major bleeding comparable to warfarin, and there were no significant heterogeneities in risk of major bleeding with rivaroxaban or apixaban across subgroups by eGFR. Dabigatran was associated with lower risk of bleeding among patients with eGFR >50 mL/min/1.73m2, but not among patients with eGFR 30–50 mL/min/1.73m2 (interaction P=0.03).
Conclusions
In a large real-world cohort, renal function had no significant influence on efficacy or safety of apixaban or rivaroxaban when compared with warfarin. Dabigatran was associated with lower risk of bleeding among patients with normal or mildly decreased renal function, but not among patients with moderately decreased renal function.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This study was funded by an unrestricted grant from the Capital Region of Denmark, Foundation for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bonde
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - C Y Lee
- Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - G Y H Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A L Kamper
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L S Staerk
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - G Gislason
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J B Olesen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
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28
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Bonde AN, Martinussen T, Lee CY, Bhattacharya J, Lip GYH, Staerk L, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB, Hlatky M. P4779High facility preference for rivaroxaban in atrial fibrillation increases risk of major bleeding compared to facility preference for apixaban. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
No randomized trial has compared efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous real-world comparisons could be biased by patient characteristics of importance for treatment selection, but instrumental variables could potentially account for measured and unmeasured confounders.
Purpose
To compare efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and apixaban using facility preference for type of NOAC as instrumental variable.
Methods
AF patients started on apixaban or rivaroxaban were identified using nationwide registries. We categorized patients according to facility preference for type of NOAC, measured as percentage of the prior 20 AF patients started on rivaroxaban in the same facility. Occurrence of stroke/thromboembolism (TE), major bleeding, myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality during two years of follow-up were investigated using adjusted Cox regressions. To further examine general frailty according to facility preferences we also investigated occurrence of cancer, urogenital tract infection, dehydration and fracture.
Results
We analyzed 6264 AF patients initiated on rivaroxaban or apixaban. Compared with patients treated in facilities that used rivaroxaban in 0–20% of cases, the adjusted hazard ratio for bleeding was 1.05 when treated in a facility with 25–40% use; 1.40 with 45–60% use; 1.50 with 65–80% use; and 1.81 for 85–100% use (Ptrend=0.002). Higher facility level use of rivaroxaban was not associated with increased risk of stroke/TE (Ptrend=0.06), myocardial infarction (Ptrend=0.87) or all-cause mortality (Ptrend=0.91), and there was no association between facility preference for rivaroxaban and risk of cancer (Ptrend=0.83), urogenital tract infection (Ptrend=0.49), dehydration (Ptrend=0.91) or fracture (Ptrend=0.47).
Characteristics by facility preference Percent of previous AF patients from facility started on rivaroxaban P for trend 0–20% 25–40% 45–60% 65–80% 85–100% No. of patients 1406 1421 1551 930 956 Received rivaroxaban, (%) 279, (19.8) 499, (35.1) 711, (45.8) 632, (68.0) 774, (81.0) <0.001 Standard dose, (%) 1216, (86.5) 1232, (86.7%) 1366, (88.1%) 793, (85.3%) 824, (86.2%) 0.62 Median age, (interquartile range) 70, (63.3–74) 69, (63–74) 70, (64–74) 70, (64–75) 70, (63–75) 0.11 Below median income, (%) 740, (52.6) 699, (49.2) 764, (49.3) 458, (49.3) 471, (49.3) 0.31 Prior stroke, (%) 99, (7.0) 115, (8.1) 134, (8.6) 69, (7.4) 74, (7.7) 0.56 Prior bleeding, (%) 136, (9.7) 141, (9.9) 163, (10.5) 91, (9.8) 97, (10.1) 0.51 Antiplatelet therapy, (%) 445, (31.7) 465, (32.7) 491, (31.7) 303, (32.6) 317, (33.2) 0.49
Rate of events according to instrument
Conclusion
High facility preference for rivaroxaban increases risk of major bleeding compared to facility preference for apixaban.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This study was funded by an unrestricted grant from the Capital Region of Denmark, Foundation for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bonde
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Martinussen
- University of Copenhagen, Section of Biostatistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Y Lee
- Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J Bhattacharya
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Y H Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Staerk
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - G Gislason
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - J B Olesen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - M Hlatky
- School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, United States of America
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29
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Lu CH, Shen CY, Hsieh DJY, Lee CY, Chang RL, Ju DT, Pai PY, Viswanadha VP, Ou HC, Huang CY. Deep ocean minerals inhibit IL-6 and IGFIIR hypertrophic signaling pathways to attenuate diabetes-induced hypertrophy in rat hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:356-364. [PMID: 31095463 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00184.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that deep sea water (DSW) prolongs the life span of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by the compensatory augmentation of the insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I survival signaling and inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effects of DSW on cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rats by using STZ (65 mg/kg) administered via IP injection. DSW was prepared by mixing DSW mineral extracts and desalinated water. Different dosages of DSW-1X (equivalent to 37 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1), 2X (equivalent to 74 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1) and 3X (equivalent to 111 mg Mg2+·kg-1·day-1) were administered to the rats through gavage for 4 wk. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by the heart weight-to-body weight ratio and the cardiac tissue cross-sectional area after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein levels of the cardiac hypertrophy signaling molecules were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that the suppressive effects of the DSW treatment on STZ-induced cardiac hypertrophy were comparable to those of MgSO4 administration and that the hypertrophic marker brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was decreased by DSW. In addition, DSW attenuated both the eccentric hypertrophy signaling pathway, IL-6-MEK-STAT3, and the concentric signaling pathway, IGF-II-PKCα-CaMKII, in DM rat hearts. The cardiac hypertrophy-associated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the upregulation of the transcription factor GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) were also negated by treatment with DSW. The results from this study suggest that DSW could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deep sea water, containing high levels of minerals, improve cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats through attenuating the eccentric signaling pathway, IL-6-MEK5-STAT3, and concentric signaling pathway, IGF2-PKCα-CaMKII. The results from this study suggest that deep sea water could be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Pai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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30
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Kim CG, Kim KH, Pyo KH, Xin CF, Hong MH, Ahn BC, Kim Y, Choi SJ, Yoon HI, Lee JG, Lee CY, Park SY, Park SH, Cho BC, Shim HS, Shin EC, Kim HR. Hyperprogressive disease during PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1104-1113. [PMID: 30977778 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade with Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors has been effective in various malignancies and is considered as a standard treatment modality for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, emerging evidence show that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can lead to hyperprogressive disease (HPD), a flair-up of tumor growth linked to dismal prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of HPD and identify the determinants associated with HPD in patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled patients with recurrent and/or metastatic NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between April 2014 and November 2018. Clinicopathologic variables, dynamics of tumor growth, and treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients with NSCLC who received PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. HPD was defined according to tumor growth kinetics (TGK), tumor growth rate (TGR), and time to treatment failure (TTF). Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes was conducted to explore the potential predictive biomarkers of HPD. RESULTS A total of 263 patients were analyzed. HPD was observed in 55 (20.9%), 54 (20.5%), and 98 (37.3%) patients according to the TGK, TGR, and TTF. HPD meeting both TGK and TGR criteria was associated with worse progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 4.619; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.868-7.440] and overall survival (HR, 5.079; 95% CI, 3.136-8.226) than progressive disease without HPD. There were no clinicopathologic variables specific for HPD. In the exploratory biomarker analysis with peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes, a lower frequency of effector/memory subsets (CCR7-CD45RA- T cells among the total CD8+ T cells) and a higher frequency of severely exhausted populations (TIGIT+ T cells among PD-1+CD8+ T cells) were associated with HPD and inferior survival rate. CONCLUSION HPD is common in NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Biomarkers derived from rationally designed analysis may successfully predict HPD and worse outcomes, meriting further investigation of HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - K H Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon; Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - K-H Pyo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd, Gumi
| | - C-F Xin
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd, Gumi
| | - M H Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - B-C Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Y Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - S J Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - H I Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J G Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - S-H Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - H S Shim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - E-C Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon.
| | - H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine.
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31
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Lee CY, Ooi PT, Zunita Z, Noordin MM. Molecular detection of Haemophilus parasuis serotypes 4, 5 or 12 and 13 in Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:482-487. [PMID: 33597410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the economic importance of Haemophilus parasuis infection causing Glasser's disease is prevalent throughout pig farms in Peninsular Malaysia, there is a dearth of knowledge on its actual nature. In this study, a multiplex PCR was performed to screen for three major predominant virulent strains of H. parasuis, which are serotypes 4, 5 or 12 and 13. A total of 175 tissues or bodily fluid samples of various parts were collected from diseased animals from October, 2016 to February, 2018; with total of 62.9% positive detection of H. parasuis. The highest detection was found to be in the pericardial sac fibrin (90.9%) followed by pleural fibrin, lung, pleural fluid, tonsil, pericardial sac, peritoneal fluid, abdominal fibrin, joint fluid, brain and pericardium. Serotype 13 was the highest (40/110) followed by serotype 4(37/110), serotype 5(31/110) and 12 samples were nontypable (12/110). The presence of untypable serotype also drives to further identification of other serotypes in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P T Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zunita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M M Noordin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Purpose
The spatial and psychological distance within agri-food chains provides both profit and risk for supply chain members. Grounded on the transaction cost economics (TCE) and institutional theory (IT), the purpose of this paper is to test whether the adoption of multiple supply chains (MSCs), which adopt both traditional and shortened supply chains, can be used to manage uncertainty and mitigate the risk associated with a supply chain.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to test the hypothesis, matched questionnaire surveys were developed to collect the data from farm managers and consumers. Completed questionnaires were received from 112 respondents. The hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses.
Findings
The result shows the positive effects of environmental and behavioral uncertainties on MSC adoption and represents the diminished moderating effects of institutions (industrial and consumption tendency) on the relationship between uncertainties and MSA adoption.
Research limitations/implications
This study only explored producers and their recommended consumers; future studies can undertake questionnaire designs (one producer-to-many consumers) and empirical analyses with analytic hierarchy process theory to reexamine the hypotheses proposed in this study.
Practical implications
MSC adoption is a way to manage uncertainties resulting from spatial and psychological distance in the supply chain. Producers and consumers show their risk preferences by SC adoption after considering pre-constructed societal norms. Therefore, the consumers’ and producers’ choice of a supply chain reflects a process of communicating risk. The adoption of a mixed governance mode (MSC adoption) and accessing information about common practices are two ways to decrease such uncertainties.
Social implications
There are multiple goals (traceability, fairness, efficiency, well-being) in the food supply chain that may be satisfied by MSC adoption. Therefore, policymakers should understand the different values of various supply chains and facilitate the development of various supply chain modes.
Originality/value
This study integrated the undersocialized and oversocialized perspectives (TCE and IT) to understand how uncertainties of supply chains may be diminished. Based on these perspectives, it found that the adoption of the mixed governance mode and accessing of institutional information are two ways to decrease such uncertainties.
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Ang KP, Nordin RB, Lee SCY, Lee CY, Lu HT. Diagnostic value of electrocardiogram in cardiac tamponade. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:51-56. [PMID: 30846663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to study the diagnostic value of electrocardiogram (ECG) in cardiac tamponade. METHODS This study was a single centre, retrospective casecontrol study. We recruited 42 patients diagnosed with cardiac tamponade of various aetiologies confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography and 100 controls between January 2011 and December 2015. The ECG criteria of cardiac tamponade we adopted was as follows: 1) Low QRS voltage in a) the limb leads alone, b) in the precordial leads alone or, c) in all leads, 2) PR segment depression, 3) Electrical alternans, and 4) Sinus tachycardia. RESULTS Malignancy was the most common causes of cardiac tamponade, the two groups were of similar proportion of gender and ethnicity. We calculated the sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each ECG criteria. Among the ECG abnormalities, we noted the SN of 'low voltage in all chest leads' (69%), 'low voltage in all limb leads' (67%) and 'sinus tachycardia' (69%) were higher as compared to 'PR depression' (12%) and 'electrical alternan' (5%). On the other hand, 'low voltage in all chest leads' (98%), 'low voltage in all leads' (99%), 'PR depression' (100%) and 'electrical alternans' (100%) has highest SP. CONCLUSION Our study reaffirmed the findings of previous studies that electrocardiography cannot be used as a screening tool for diagnosing cardiac tamponade due to its low sensitivity. However, with clinical correlation, electrocardiography is a valuable adjuvant test to 'rule in' cardiac tamponade because of its high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Ang
- Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - R B Nordin
- Monash University Malaysia, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S C Y Lee
- Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Lee
- Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H T Lu
- Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Komori H, Golden KL, Kobayashi T, Kageyama R, Lee CY. Multilayered gene control drives timely exit from the stem cell state in uncommitted progenitors during Drosophila asymmetric neural stem cell division. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1550-1561. [PMID: 30463902 PMCID: PMC6295162 DOI: 10.1101/gad.320333.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewal genes maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state by preventing the commitment to differentiate. Robust inactivation of self-renewal gene activity following asymmetric stem cell division allows uncommitted stem cell progeny to exit from an undifferentiated state and initiate the commitment to differentiate. Nonetheless, how self-renewal gene activity at mRNA and protein levels becomes synchronously terminated in uncommitted stem cell progeny is unclear. We demonstrate that a multilayered gene regulation system terminates self-renewal gene activity at all levels in uncommitted stem cell progeny in the fly neural stem cell lineage. We found that the RNA-binding protein Brain tumor (Brat) targets the transcripts of a self-renewal gene, deadpan (dpn), for decay by recruiting the deadenylation machinery to the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, we identified a nuclear protein, Insensible, that complements Cullin-mediated proteolysis to robustly inactivate Dpn activity by limiting the level of active Dpn through protein sequestration. The synergy between post-transcriptional and transcriptional control of self-renewal genes drives timely exit from the stem cell state in uncommitted progenitors. Our proposed multilayered gene regulation system could be broadly applicable to the control of exit from stemness in all stem cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Komori
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Krista L Golden
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Taeko Kobayashi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ip NSK, Lee CY, Yuen MK. Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis Type 1: a Pictorial Review. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1816856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Purpose
The industry-wide adoption of a novel practice is often considered to be an institutional change. Although research on institutionalization has been accumulating, how and why embedded actors in the field become motivated to embrace change that remains sidelined. Viewing the introduction of a new human resource management practice, the recruitment of non-compulsory certified manpower, which is still in its infancy in the service sector of Taiwan, as a new institution, the purpose of this paper is to identify the distinct motives behind firms’ hiring decisions, and examine the extent to which such hiring decisions are contingent on institutional conditions and firm attributes.
Design/methodology/approach
The data used to test the hypotheses were drawn from a survey on service firms in Taiwan in the second half of 2011. Hypotheses were examined through moderated hierarchical regression analyses in a sample of 254 Taiwanese service firms across major sectors.
Findings
Integrating the resource dependency and social contagion views, the study contends that resource scarcity drives, or legitimacy enables, service firms to deviate from traditional hiring patterns and instead adopt new preferences toward certified manpower. The study not only shows that social factors should be incorporated into the diffusion of a new HR recruitment practice in the service sector, which is traditionally based upon economic considerations, but also sheds light on the context-dependent nature of the process of institutional innovation.
Originality/value
This study is an attempt not only to test a dual-theoretical model on the extent to which a service firm’s new hiring pattern is influenced by two distinct types of motivation, but also to evidence how an institutional innovation, in terms of the regime of service manpower certification, takes root and spreads in the field. The managerially discretional account of the resource dependence theory needs to be reconciled with social contagion theory, which highlights the influence of collective actions and so provides a better understanding of the diffusion of new HR recruitment practices in the service industry.
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Huang YC, Lee CY, Tsai HJS. Do Innovation Efficiency and Powerful Leadership Affect the Performance Effect of Technological Diversification? Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1548051818781810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering that technological diversification is rooted in distinct technological knowledge that usually comes from different business units, a firm’s practices that can improve efficiency in integrating and exploiting this knowledge may be key potential moderators in this focal relationship. Based on a sample of 3,277 firm-year observations of 435 firms in Taiwanese information and communication technology sectors during the 2004-2014 period, this study finds that technological diversification has an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance. Such relationship also can be moderated by high levels of innovation efficiency and CEO power. These findings caution against drawing universalistic normative implications for pursuing technological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chih Huang
- National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
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38
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Liu CY, Wu HL, Lee CY. The relationship between patent attributes and patent litigation: Considering the moderating effects of managerial characteristics. Asia Pacific Management Review 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Amin SM, Haugh AM, Bubley JA, Verzì AE, Merkel EA, Lee CY, Quan VL, Garfield EM, Sholl LM, Zhang B, Gerami P. Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of spitzoid neoplasms with pulverocyte subclones. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:782-789. [PMID: 29779219 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal naevi are characterized by a focal proliferation of pigmented melanocytes in an otherwise banal naevus. These subclones are often composed of aggregates of larger, epithelioid melanocytes with nuclear atypia and dusty-grey cytoplasmic pigmentation, which are referred to as 'pulverocytes', and this finding may lead to a misdiagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM). AIM To characterize the significance of subclones of dusty-grey pigmented epithelioid melanocytes within spitzoid neoplasms. METHODS We studied the histological and molecular features of a series of 20 spitzoid neoplasms with pulverocyte subclones encountered in our practice, including both atypical Spitz tumours (ASTs) and invasive MMs. RESULTS Pulverocytes were predominantly dermal, and the percentage of subclones ranged from 2% to 40%, with a median of 10% in ASTs and 25% in lesions we classified as MM. In cases with > 10% subclones, there was an increased odds of fluorescence in situ hybridization positivity (OR = 12; 95% CI 1.2-293.4; P = 0.03) and an increased odds of homozygous 9p21 deletion (OR = 3.6; 95 CI 0.28-89.82; P = 0.33), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS We consider spitzoid lesions with a small subclone population to be a variant of a clonal naevus with indolent behaviour, whereas lesions with larger pulverocyte populations are more likely to have chromosomal copy number aberrations and in some cases may represent malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Amin
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A M Haugh
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J A Bubley
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A E Verzì
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E A Merkel
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V L Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E M Garfield
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L M Sholl
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kim HR, Kang HN, Shim HS, Kim EY, Kim J, Kim DJ, Lee JG, Lee CY, Hong MH, Kim SM, Kim H, Pyo KH, Yun MR, Park HJ, Han JY, Youn HA, Ahn MJ, Paik S, Kim TM, Cho BC. Co-clinical trials demonstrate predictive biomarkers for dovitinib, an FGFR inhibitor, in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1250-1259. [PMID: 28460066 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted co-clinical trials in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to identify predictive biomarkers for the multikinase inhibitor dovitinib in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods The PDX01-02 were established from LSCC patients enrolled in the phase II trial of dovitinib (NCT01861197) and PDX03-05 were established from LSCC patients receiving surgery. These five PDX tumors were subjected to in vivo test of dovitinib efficacy, whole exome sequencing and gene expression profiling. Results The PDX tumors recapitulate histopathological properties and maintain genomic characteristics of originating tumors. Concordant with clinical outcomes of the trial enrolled-LSCC patients, dovitinib produced substantial tumor regression in PDX-01 and PDX-05, whereas it resulted in tumor progression in PDX-02. PDX-03 and -04 also displayed poor antitumor efficacy to dovitinib. Mutational and genome-wide copy number profiles revealed no correlation between genomic alterations of FGFR1-3 and sensitivity to dovitinib. Of note, gene expression profiles revealed differentially expressed genes including FGF3 and FGF19 between PDX-01 and 05 and PDX-02-04. Pathway analysis identified two FGFR signaling-related gene sets, FGFR ligand binding/activation and SHC-mediated cascade pathway were substantially up-regulated in PDX-01 and 05, compared with PDX-02-04. The comparison of gene expression profiles between dovitinib-sensitive versus -resistant lung cancer cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database also found that transcriptional activation of 18 key signaling components in FGFR pathways can predict the sensitivity to dovitinib both in cell lines and PDX tumors. These results highlight FGFR pathway activation as a key molecular determinant for sensitivity to dovitinib. Conclusions FGFR gene expression signatures are predictors for the response to dovitinib in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H N Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | | | - E Y Kim
- Pulmonology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J G Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M H Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S-M Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - H Kim
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - K-H Pyo
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - M R Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - H J Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - J Y Han
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - H A Youn
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
| | - M-J Ahn
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Paik
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - T-M Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul.,JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co, Ltd, Gumi-City, Kyungbuk
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41
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Tsai MT, Chen Y, Lee CY, Huang BH, Trung NH, Lee YJ, Wang YL. Noninvasive structural and microvascular anatomy of oral mucosae using handheld optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5001-5012. [PMID: 29188097 PMCID: PMC5695947 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using a handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo visualizations of the microstructural and microvascular features of various oral mucosal types. To scan arbitrary locations of the oral mucosa, a scanning probe was developed, composed of a probe body fabricated by a 3D printer, miniaturized two-axis galvanometer, relay lenses, and reflective prism. With a 3D printing technique, the probe weight and the system volume were greatly reduced, enabling the effective improvement of imaging artifacts from unconscious motion and system complexity. Additionally, in our design, the distal end of the probe can be switched to fit various oral conditions, and the optical parameters of the probe, such as the transverse resolution, working distance, and probe length can be easily varied. The results showed that the epithelium and lamina propria layers, as well as the fungiform papilla and salivary gland, were differentiated. Moreover, various microcirculation features at different mucosal sites were identified that are potentially effective indicators for the diagnosis of premalignant lesions. The demonstrated results indicate that the developed OCT system is a promising tool for noninvasive imaging of oral mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305 Taiwan
| | - Yingdan Chen
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 31108 China
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Hoang Trung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Lee
- Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33378 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan
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Xu T, Park SS, Giaimo BD, Hall D, Ferrante F, Ho DM, Hori K, Anhezini L, Ertl I, Bartkuhn M, Zhang H, Milon E, Ha K, Conlon KP, Kuick R, Govindarajoo B, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Dou Y, Basrur V, Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Nesvizhskii AI, Ceron J, Lee CY, Borggrefe T, Kovall RA, Rual JF. RBPJ/CBF1 interacts with L3MBTL3/MBT1 to promote repression of Notch signaling via histone demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. EMBO J 2017; 36:3232-3249. [PMID: 29030483 PMCID: PMC5666606 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway that is essential for metazoan development. Upon ligand binding, the Notch intracellular domain (NOTCH ICD) translocates into the nucleus and forms a complex with the transcription factor RBPJ (also known as CBF1 or CSL) to activate expression of Notch target genes. In the absence of a Notch signal, RBPJ acts as a transcriptional repressor. Using a proteomic approach, we identified L3MBTL3 (also known as MBT1) as a novel RBPJ interactor. L3MBTL3 competes with NOTCH ICD for binding to RBPJ. In the absence of NOTCH ICD, RBPJ recruits L3MBTL3 and the histone demethylase KDM1A (also known as LSD1) to the enhancers of Notch target genes, leading to H3K4me2 demethylation and to transcriptional repression. Importantly, in vivo analyses of the homologs of RBPJ and L3MBTL3 in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that the functional link between RBPJ and L3MBTL3 is evolutionarily conserved, thus identifying L3MBTL3 as a universal modulator of Notch signaling in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Daniel Hall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Diana M Ho
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuya Hori
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iris Ertl
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Honglai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eléna Milon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly Ha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin P Conlon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Center for Cancer Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brandon Govindarajoo
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julian Ceron
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jean-François Rual
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lee CY, Kuo WW, Baskaran R, Day CH, Pai PY, Lai CH, Chen YF, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Huang CY. Increased β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation are associated with concentric hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 31:9-16. [PMID: 28802159 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, activated under various pathological conditions, can result in cardiac and vascular abnormalities. In the present study, the possible role of β-catenin over expression during cardiac hypertrophy was investigated. Ten samples from hearts of human patients with acute infarction, and granulation tissue from 20 patients and 10 from normal ones were collected in order to investigate roles of β-catenin in cardiac hypertrophy. H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and Wistar rat primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were overexpressed with β-catenin. Expression levels of β-catenin protein were increased in human acute infarction tissues and rat hypertension heart tissues. Overexpression of this transcription factor induced actin filament formation and increased hypertrophic marker protein levels via MAPK pathway. In addition, β-catenin overexpression also resulted in increased elevation of NFATc3 and p-GATA4. Therefore, acute infarction resulted in β-catenin overexpression mediated hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes regulated through MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei Ying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chao Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Janssens DH, Hamm DC, Anhezini L, Xiao Q, Siller KH, Siegrist SE, Harrison MM, Lee CY. An Hdac1/Rpd3-Poised Circuit Balances Continual Self-Renewal and Rapid Restriction of Developmental Potential during Asymmetric Stem Cell Division. Dev Cell 2017; 40:367-380.e7. [PMID: 28245922 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
How the developmental potential of differentiating stem cell progeny becomes rapidly and stably restricted following asymmetric stem cell division is unclear. In the fly larval brain, earmuff (erm) uniquely functions to restrict the developmental potential of intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) generated by asymmetrically dividing neural stem cells (neuroblasts). Here we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase Hdac1/Rpd3 functions together with self-renewal transcriptional repressors to maintain the erm immature INP enhancer in an inactive but poised state in neuroblasts. Within 2 hr of immature INP birth, downregulation of repressor activities alleviates Rpd3-mediated repression on the erm enhancer, enabling acetylation of multiple histone proteins and activating Erm expression. Erm restricts the developmental potential in immature INPs by repressing genes encoding neuroblast transcriptional activators. We propose that poising the fast-activating enhancers of master regulators of differentiation through continual histone deacetylation in stem cells enables self-renewal and rapid restriction of developmental potential following asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H Janssens
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danielle C Hamm
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karsten H Siller
- Advanced Research Computing Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sarah E Siegrist
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Melissa M Harrison
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose
Although scholars have paid considerable attention to the relationship between technological diversification and firm performance, research on this relationship has produced mixed findings. To reconcile these inconsistent findings, this study, thus, aims to revisit the performance effect of technological diversification by considering two organizational characteristics as crucial moderators, namely, firm size and financial slack.
Design/methodology/approach
To test the research hypotheses, the research sample covers manufacturing firms in the 2008 Standard & Poor (S&P) 500 index. Data regarding the characteristics and patent information of the sample firms were obtained from Compustat and the US Patent and Trademark Office. The hypotheses were tested by using hierarchical regression models.
Findings
In a sample of 168 S&P 500 manufacturing firms, this study finds that technological diversification has a positive effect on firm performance. The relationship between technological diversification and firm performance is also found to be positively moderated by firm size, financial slack and their configuration.
Originality/value
The findings of this study further suggest that firms should be aware that the effect of technological diversification on performance can be enhanced or hindered in specific contexts.
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Abstract
While prior research has focused on the effect of CEO overconfidence on innovation, few studies have been conducted to reveal how and whether an overconfident CEO affects ambidextrous innovation, which means the simultaneous and balanced pursuit of both exploratory and exploitative innovation. By observing firms’ patenting behavior, we investigate the effect of CEOs’ psychological attribute of overconfidence on innovation ambidexterity. In addition, we examine how a firm’s governance system moderates the relationship between CEO overconfidence and ambidextrous innovation. The results show that overconfident CEOs are more apt to create or magnify an imbalance in innovation ambidexterity. Furthermore, the results regarding the moderating effects of governance and monitoring mechanisms indicate that an independent board and dedicated institutional ownership mitigate the positive relationship between CEO overconfidence and a firm’s ambidextrous imbalance, while transient institutional ownership enhances this relationship. We also find that analyst following does not effectively monitor an overconfident CEO’s tendency toward an ambidextrous imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiuan Wong
- National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tuan PH, Chang CC, Chang FL, Lee CY, Sung CL, Cho CY, Chen YF, Su KW. Modelling end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd-doped crystal lasers: manifestation by a Nd:YVO 4/Cr 4+:YAG system with a concave-convex resonator. Opt Express 2017; 25:1710-1722. [PMID: 29519025 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model for the passively Q-switched (PQS) operation which includes the spatial overlapping between the pump and lasing modes under the thermal lensing effect is developed to give a transcendental equation that can directly determine the critical parameters such as pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, and pulse width for the PQS performance. More importantly, an analytical function which gives the approximate solution for the transcendental equation as well as a specific critical criterion for good PQS operation are derived for practical analyses and design. A Nd:YVO4/Cr4+:YAG system with a concave-convex resonator which can achieve fairly stable PQS pulse trains even at a high pump level is further exploited to manifest the proposed spatially dependent model. The good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions is verified to show the feasibility of the proposed model for designing high-power PQS lasers with high accuracy.
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Sung CL, Lee CY, Chang CC, Liang HC, Chen YF. Generation of terahertz optical beating from a simultaneously self-mode-locked Nd:YAG laser at 1064 and 1123 nm. Opt Lett 2017; 42:302-305. [PMID: 28081098 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reflectivity of the output coupler is designed to achieve the synchronously self-mode-locked operation at 1064 and 1123 nm in a diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG laser. Numerical analyses are performed to confirm that the designed output coupler can lead the emission lines to be predominant at 1064 and 1123 nm. Moreover, the crossover of the threshold pump powers for the 1064 and 1123 nm emission lines can be exploited to obtain the single central wavelength of 1064 nm or the single central wavelength of 1123 nm or, simultaneously, dual-central-wavelength self-mode-locked operation by finely adjusting the cavity alignment. For the dual-central-wavelength mode-locked emissions, the pulse repetition rate and the pulse duration are 4.5 GHz and 50.8 ps, respectively. The maximum output power can be up to 2.47 W at a pump power of 7.5 W. The synchronization of the 1064 and 1123 nm mode-locked pulses generates the optical beating pulse trains with repetition rates up to 14.7 THz.
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Chen CM, Chen IC, Chen YL, Lin TH, Chen WL, Chao CY, Wu YR, Lu YT, Lee CY, Chien HC, Chen TS, Lee-Chen GJ, Lee CM. Medicinal herbs Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench protect human cells from MPP + damage via inducing FBXO7 expression. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1422-1433. [PMID: 27765362 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F-box protein 7 (FBXO7) mutations have been identified in families with early-onset parkinsonism and pyramidal tract signs, and designated as PARK15. In addition, FBXO7 mutations were found in typical and young onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence has also shown that FBXO7 plays an important role in the development of dopaminergic neurons and increased stability and overexpression of FBXO7 may be beneficial to PD. PURPOSE We screened extracts of medicinal herbs to enhance FBXO7 expression for neuroprotection in MPP+-treated cells. METHODS Promoter reporter assay in HEK-293 cells was used to examine the cis/trans elements controlling FBXO7 expression and to screen extracts of medicinal herbs enhancing FBXO7 expression. MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability of MPP+-treated HEK-293/SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, proteasome activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and FBXO7/TRAF2/GATA2 protein expression were evaluated. RESULTS We demonstrated that -202--57 region of the FBXO7 promoter is likely to contain sequences that are bound by positive trans protein factors to activate FBXO7 expression and GATA2 is the main trans protein factor enhancing FBXO7 expression. Extracts of medicinal herbs Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. (Umbelliferae), Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Gramineae) improved cell viability of both MPP+-treated HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells, rescued proteasome activity in MPP+-treated HEK-293 cells, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These protection effects of herbal extracts are acting through enhancing FBXO7 and decreasing TRAF2 expression, which is probably mediated by GATA2 induction. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study provides new targets, FBXO7 and its regulator GATA2, for the development of potential treatments of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yeah-Ting Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lee
- Center of Excellence for Drug Development, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chi Chien
- Center of Excellence for Drug Development, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- Center of Excellence for Diagnostic Products, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Mei Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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Tuan PH, Chang CC, Lee CY, Cho CY, Liang HC, Chen YF. Exploiting concave-convex linear resonators to design end-pumped solid-state lasers with flexible cavity lengths: Application for exploring the self-mode-locked operation. Opt Express 2016; 24:26024-26034. [PMID: 27857341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of a convex-concave linear resonator under the thermal lensing effect are theoretically analyzed to find an analytical model for designing end-pumped solid-state lasers with flexible cavity lengths. By exploiting the design model, the power scaling for continuous-wave operation under strong thermal lensing can be easily achieved in the proposed resonator with different cavity lengths. Furthermore, the proposed resonator is applied to explore the exclusive influence of cavity length on the self-mode-locked (SML) operation. It is discovered that the lasing longitudinal modes will split into multiple groups in optical spectrum to lead to a multi-pulse mode-locked temporal state when the cavity length increases. Finally, a theoretical model is derived to reconstruct the experimental results of SML operation to deduce a simple relationship between the group number of lasing modes and the cavity length.
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