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Leary E, Anderson ET, Keyes JK, Huskie TR, Blake DJ, Miller KA. Improved synthesis of deoxyalpinoid B and quantification of antileishmanial activity of deoxyalpinoid B and sulforaphane. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 78:117136. [PMID: 36565668 PMCID: PMC9903332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis and antileishmanial activity of deoxyalpinoid B is reported via a cationic gold-catalyzed Meyer-Schuster rearrangement. The activity of deoxyalpinoid B and a known inducer of oxidative stress, sulforaphane, against Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantatum are both reported for the first time. Both compounds exhibit potent antileishmanial activity against both species. We hypothesize that the activation of intracellular oxidative stress is a key molecular response for the inhibition of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leary
- Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States
| | - Ethan T Anderson
- Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States
| | - Jasmine K Keyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States
| | - Tristan R Huskie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States
| | - David J Blake
- Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States
| | - Kenneth A Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO 81301, United States.
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Ur Rahim J, Ahmad SM, Amin T, Chowdhary R, Goswami A, Rai R. Synthesis, conformation and cytotoxic activity of short hybrid peptides containing conformationally constrained 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and gabapentin. Peptides 2022; 158:170897. [PMID: 36279986 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis,conformation and cytotoxic activities of short β/γ hybrid peptides, Boc-β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn-NHMe, BG1; Boc-(β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn)2-OMe, BG2; Boc-(β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn)3-OMe, BG3; H-β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn-NHMe, BG4; H-(β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn)2-OMe, BG5; H-(β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn)3-OMe, BG6, Boc-β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn-OMe, BG7 and H-β2,2-Ac6c-Gpn-OMe, BG8. Mixed C6/C7 conformations were observed for β/γ hybrid peptides. Further, BG1-BG8 were screened against MCF-7 (Breast cancer), A549 (Lung Cancer), PC-3 (Prostate cancer), HCT-116 (Colon cancer), and MDA-MB-231 (Breast cancer) cell lines. Among all, BG6 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines with IC50 ranging from 1.6 μM to 6.3 μM with relatively low cytotoxicity against normal epithelial breast cell line fR-2 and human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293. Minimal hemolytic activity was observed for BG6 against human erythrocytes. Peptide BG6 displayed anti-migratory and anti-invasive potentials showing strong interactions with intrinsic apoptotic markers Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-PARP, as well as the induction of the mitochondria maladjustment mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ur Rahim
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Syed Mudabir Ahmad
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tanzeeba Amin
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rubina Chowdhary
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Rajkishor Rai
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division (NPMC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Li S, Dina Kuo HC, Wang L, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Kong AN. UVB Drives Metabolic Rewiring and Epigenetic Reprograming and Protection by Sulforaphane in Human Skin Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1220-1233. [PMID: 35700067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a potent anticancer agent which could protect the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced insults. Currently, the metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprograming induced by UVB and the role of SFN in UVB-mediated skin cell transformation remain largely unknown. Herein, we study the metabolome, epigenome, and transcriptome of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) exposed to UVB with or without SFN using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, DNA methylation sequencing, and RNA sequencing. UVB increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SFN enhances ROS acutely in post-UVB-exposed HaCaT cells. UVB and SFN alter multiple metabolites and metabolism-related signaling pathways. Pathway analysis shows that UVB impacts numerous signaling pathways including STAT3, inhibition of matrix metalloproteases, and TGF-β, among others. DNA/CpG methylation analysis shows that SFN could partially reverse some of the alterations of UVB-induced CpG methylome. Integrating RNA-seq and Methyl-seq data, starburst plots show the correlation of mRNA expression and CpG methylation status. The potential linkages between the metabolome, CpG methylome, and transcriptome suggest that metabolites produced during metabolism act as cofactors or substrates for catalytic epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation. These results indicate that UVB drives metabolic rewiring, epigenetic reprograming, and phenotypic transcriptomic alterations and SFN would block or attenuate many of these aberrations, potentially contributing to the overall protective effect of SFN against UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Discovery of Sulforaphane as an Inducer of Ferroptosis in U-937 Leukemia Cells: Expanding Its Anticancer Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010076. [PMID: 35008240 PMCID: PMC8750507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have emerged as inducers of non-canonical cell death. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is a well-known natural anticancer compound with remarkable pro-apoptotic activity. Its ability to promote non-apoptotic cell-death mechanisms remains poorly investigated. This work aimed to explore the capacity of SFN to induce non-apoptotic cell death modalities. SFN was tested on different acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. The mechanism of cell death was investigated using a multi-parametric approach including fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, and flow cytometry. SFN triggered different cell-death modalities in a dose-dependent manner. At 25 μM, SFN induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and at 50 μM ferroptosis was induced through depletion of glutathione (GSH), decreased GSH peroxidase 4 protein expression, and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, necroptosis was not involved in SFN-induced cell death, as demonstrated by the non-significant increase in phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and phosphorylation of the necroptotic effector mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase. Taken together, our results suggest that the antileukemic activity of SFN can be mediated via both ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death modalities.
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Huynh TPN, Bowater RP, Bernuzzi F, Saha S, Wormstone IM. GSH Levels Serve As a Biological Redox Switch Regulating Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Fate in Human Lens Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:2. [PMID: 34854886 PMCID: PMC8648057 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sulforaphane (SFN) is a therapeutic phytochemical agent for many health conditions. SFN-induced cytotoxicity is shown to have promise in preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the current study, we aimed to elucidate key processes and mechanisms linking SFN treatment to lens cell death. Methods The human lens epithelial cell line FHL124 and central anterior epithelium were used as experimental models. Cell death was assessed by microscopic observation and cell damage/viability assays. Gene or protein levels were assessed by TaqMan RT-PCR or immunoblotting. Mitochondrial networks and DNA damage were assessed by immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial membrane potential, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) activity, ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were measured using different light reporter assays. SFN metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species scavenger, prevented SFN-induced cell death in both models. NAC also significantly protected FHL124 cells from SFN-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), DNA damage and autophagy. SFN significantly depleted GSH, the major antioxidant in the eye, and reduced GR activity, despite doubling its protein levels. The most abundant SFN conjugate detected in lens cells following SFN application was SFN–GSH. The addition of GSH protected lens cells from all SFN-induced cellular events. Conclusions SFN depletes GSH levels in lens cells through conjugation and inhibition of GR activity. This leads to increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress that trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, ERS, autophagy, and DNA damage, leading to cell death. In summary, the work presented provides a mechanistic understanding to support the therapeutic application of SFN for PCO and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P Bowater
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Bernuzzi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - I Michael Wormstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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Zimmermann M, Kolmar H, Zimmer A. S-Sulfocysteine - Investigation of cellular uptake in CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:27-38. [PMID: 34090949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For the generation of therapeutic proteins in cell culture, high producing clones are used. These clones have a high demand in amino acids to support cell growth and productivity. l-cysteine (Cys) is critical in highly concentrated feeds due to low stability of Cys and low solubility of the oxidation product cystine at neutral pH. S-sulfocysteine (SSC) was developed to substitute the Cys source and fed-batch experiments using SSC showed good cellular performance regarding viable cell density and titer, indicating uptake and metabolization of SSC by Chinese hamster ovary cells. However, the responsible transporter allowing cellular uptake remains unclear and was studied in this work. Due to the structure similarity of SSC with cystine and glutamate, it was proposed that the cystine/glutamate antiporter (xc-) allows cellular uptake of SSC. The uptake was assessed via transporter inhibition using sulfasalazine and transporter overexpression using either sulforaphane or sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine during fed-batch experiments. Following daily addition of 50 μM and 100 μM sulfasalazine, the extracellular SSC concentration was increased by 65 % and 177 % respectively, suggesting a reduced uptake due to xc- inhibition. In contrast, enhanced transporter activity through 15 μM sulforaphane and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine treatment, induced a 60 % and 52 % reduced extracellular SSC concentration, respectively. These inverse uptake results strongly suggest that xc- is facilitating the transport of SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‑Weiss‑Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‑Weiss‑Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Harris CM, Zamperoni KE, Sernoskie SC, Chow NSM, Massey TE. Effects of in vivo treatment of mice with sulforaphane on repair of DNA pyridyloxylbutylation. Toxicology 2021; 454:152753. [PMID: 33741493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical sulforaphane (SF) has gained interest for its apparent association with reduced cancer risk and other cytoprotective properties, at least some of which are attributed to activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Repair of bulky DNA adducts is important for mitigating carcinogenesis from exogenous DNA damaging agents, but it is unknown whether in vivo treatment with SF affects adduct repair. At 12 h following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg SF, an almost doubling in activity for repair of pyridyloxobutylated DNA was observed in CD-1 mouse liver nuclear extracts, but not in lung extracts. This change at 12 h in repair activity was preceded by the induction of Nrf2-regulated genes but not accompanied by changes in levels of the specific nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins XPC, XPA, XPB and p53 or in binding of hepatic XPC, XPA and XPB to damaged DNA. SF also did not significantly alter histone deacetylase activity as measured by acetylated histone H3 levels, or stimulate formation of γ-H2A.X, a marker of DNA damage. A significant reduction in oxidative DNA damage, as measured by 8-OHdG (a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage), was observed only in DNA from the lungs of SF-treated mice 3 h post-dosing. These results suggest that the ability of SF to increase bulky adduct repair activity is organ-selective and is consistent with activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harris
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kristen E Zamperoni
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samantha C Sernoskie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Natalie S M Chow
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Thomas E Massey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Dutta N, Ghosh S, Nelson VK, Sareng HR, Majumder C, Mandal SC, Pal M. Andrographolide upregulates protein quality control mechanisms in cell and mouse through upregulation of mTORC1 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129885. [PMID: 33639218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock response (HSR), a component of cellular protein quality control mechanisms, is defective in different neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Forced upregulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), an HSR master regulator, showed therapeutic promise in PD models. Many of the reported small-molecule HSF1 activators have limited functions. Therefore, identification and understanding the molecular bases of action of new HSF1 activating molecules is necessary. METHOD We used a cell-based reporter system to screen Andrographis paniculata leaf extract to isolate andrographolide as an inducer of HSF1 activity. The andrographolide activity was characterized by analyzing its role in different protein quality control mechanisms. RESULT We find that besides ameliorating the PD in MPTP-treated mice, andrographolide upregulated different machineries controlled by HSF1 and NRF2 in both cell and mouse brain. Andrographolide achieves these functions through mTORC1 activated via p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. NRF2 activation is reflected in the upregulation of proteasome as well as autophagy pathways. We further show that NRF2 activation is mediated through mTORC1 driven phosphorylation of p62/sequestosome 1. Studies with different cell types suggested that andrographolide-mediated induction of ROS level underlies all these activities in agreement with the upregulation of mTORC1 and NRF2-antioxidant pathway in mice. CONCLUSION Andrographolide through upregulating HSF1 activity ameliorates protein aggregation induced cellular toxicity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a reasonable basis for use of andrographolide in the therapy regimen for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Vinod K Nelson
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Hossainoor R Sareng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Chirantan Majumder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Al-Bakheit A, Abu-Qatouseh L. Sulforaphane from broccoli attenuates inflammatory hepcidin by reducing IL-6 secretion in human HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Hydroxychavicol sensitizes imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by ROS-mediated IAP downregulation. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:167-178. [PMID: 30418193 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of cytokine superfamily, induces apoptosis in a number of tumor cells through the activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway but shows little or no cytotoxicity toward normal cells. However some tumor cells are inherently resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, which needs to be addressed to establish TRAIL as a potential chemotherapeutic drug. In this study, our aim was to manipulate TRAIL-apoptosis pathway by hydroxychavicol (HCH), a polyphenol from Piper betel leaf, for the induction of apoptosis in TRAIL resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell. When imatinib-resistant K562 cells were treated with HCH, it made these K562 cells sensitive to TRAIL. It was observed that HCH downregulated antiapoptotic proteins XIAP and FLIP, whereas the expression of TRAIL receptors, DR4 and DR5, remains unchanged. Moreover, we observed that reactive oxygen species or ROS played a crucial role in the downregulation of FLIP and XIAP because ROS scavenger significantly reversed the decrease of XIAP, and FLIP. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was observed to play a crucial role in the downregulation of XIAP and FLIP, as proteasomal inhibitor MG132 significantly reversed the downregulation of XIAP and FLIP. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the combinatorial treatment of TRAIL and HCH as promising alternative therapeutic approach to treat the imatinib-resistant leukemia, which are also resistant to TRAIL.
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Radünz M, Hackbart HCDS, Bona NP, Pedra NS, Hoffmann JF, Stefanello FM, Da Rosa Zavareze E. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds rich broccoli extract: Encapsulation by electrospraying and antitumor activity against glial tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111020. [PMID: 32339867 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, intracranial malignant tumors, are aggressive, asymptomatic and difficult to treat due to their degree of infiltration, alternatives are needed to treat the disease. In this sense, natural compounds from the specialized metabolism of plants can act to control the disease. Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, present in broccoli, have a potential to promote tumor cell death, however due to the low stability of these compounds, encapsulation becomes an alternative for their preservation. The objective was to encapsulate the broccoli extract by electrospraying and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in the primary cell culture of astrocytes and gliomas. The capsules were produced and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, functional groups, thermal stability and morphology, the capsule that presented the best parameters was used for the evaluation of cell cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Capsules with equal or less than 50 % extract showed high encapsulation efficiency, high thermal stability and uniform morphology due to non-saturation of the active zein sites, which allowed a complete encapsulation of the added extract, as well as a greater protection of the compounds. The capsule with 50 % of the extract showed good results of the efficiency, morphology and thermal stability and was used to evaluate the antitumor activity, since the addition of extract in proportions greater than 60 % promoted saturation of the active sites and lower encapsulation efficiency, and directly affects the morphology and thermal stability. The encapsulated and unencapsulated extracts showed strong selective antitumor effect against glial tumor cells without toxicity to non-tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Radünz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helen Cristina Dos Santos Hackbart
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Elessandra Da Rosa Zavareze
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Khurana N, Chandra PK, Kim H, Abdel-Mageed AB, Mondal D, Sikka SC. Bardoxolone-Methyl (CDDO-Me) Suppresses Androgen Receptor and Its Splice-Variant AR-V7 and Enhances Efficacy of Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010068. [PMID: 31940946 PMCID: PMC7022272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is fundamental to prostate cancer (PC) progression, and hence, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a mainstay of treatment. However, augmented AR signaling via both full length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active AR splice variants, especially AR-V7, is associated with the recurrence of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Oxidative stress also plays a crucial role in anti-androgen resistance and CRPC outgrowth. We examined whether a triterpenoid antioxidant drug, Bardoxolone-methyl, known as CDDO-Me or RTA 402, can decrease AR-FL and AR-V7 expression in PC cells. Nanomolar (nM) concentrations of CDDO-Me rapidly downregulated AR-FL in LNCaP and C4-2B cells, and both AR-FL and AR-V7 in CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) cells. The AR-suppressive effect of CDDO-Me was evident at both the mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, acute exposure (2 h) to CDDO-Me increased and long-term exposure (24 h) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells. This was concomitant with an increase in the anti-oxidant transcription factor, Nrf2. The anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) could overcome this AR-suppressive effect of CDDO-Me. Co-exposure of PC cells to CDDO-Me enhanced the efficacy of a clinically approved anti-androgen, enzalutamide (ENZ), as evident by decreased cell-viability along with migration and colony forming ability of PC cells. Thus, CDDO-Me which is in several late-stage clinical trials, may be used as an adjunct to ADT in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Partha K. Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Asim B. Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Lincoln Memorial University—Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, 9737 Coghill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.C.S.); Tel.: +865-338-5715 (D.M.); +504-988-5179 (S.C.S.)
| | - Suresh C. Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (N.K.); (H.K.); (A.B.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.C.S.); Tel.: +865-338-5715 (D.M.); +504-988-5179 (S.C.S.)
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Wang TH, Chen CC, Huang KY, Shih YM, Chen CY. High levels of EGFR prevent sulforaphane-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152926. [PMID: 31454652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells harboring constitutively active EGFR mutations are more sensitive to SFN treatment than cells with wild-type EGFR, but whether NSCLC cells with high levels of EGFR expression are more resistant or sensitive to SFN treatment is not known. STUDY DESIGN We employed a pair of cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5, which have the same genetic background but different levels of EGFR expression, to examine the effects of high EGFR level in the sensitivity to SFN. METHODS The effect of SFN on cell viability and tumorigenicity was examined by trypan blue dye-exclusion assay, clonogenic assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting in vitro as well as tumorigenicity study in vivo. ROS levels in cells were assessed by flow cytometry using the ROS-reactive fluorescent indicator CM-H2DCFDA. Knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells was infected with an EGFR-targeting small hairpin (interfering) RNA (shRNA)-containing lentivirus. RESULTS We present evidence that cells with high-level EGFR expression (CL1-5) are more resistant to SFN treatment than those with low-level expression (CL1-0). SFN treatment produced a similar increase in ROS and caused arrest of a cell population at S-phase accompanied by the induction of γH2AX, a DNA damage-response marker, in both cell sublines. However, SFN induced apoptosis only in the high-EGFR-expressing CL1-0 subline. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented SFN-induced apoptosis in CL1-0 cells and production of γH2AX in both CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells rendered the cells susceptible to SFN-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The cellular effects produced by SFN in NSCLC cells are largely mediated by SFN-induced production of ROS. Cells with higher levels of EGFR were more resistant to SFN treatment and showed resistance to SFN-induced apoptosis, suggesting that high EGFR levels protect cells from SFN-induced apoptosis. Despite this, we found that SFN retained the ability to inhibit the growth of NSCLC tumors with high-level EGFR expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Shih
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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15
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Yasuda S, Horinaka M, Sakai T. Sulforaphane enhances apoptosis induced by Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 via the TNFα pathway in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4253-4261. [PMID: 31579089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane and Lactobacilli induce apoptosis in several cancer cells. Sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate, is an attractive agent due to its potent anticancer effects. Sulforaphane suppresses the proliferation of various cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated the effect of sulforaphane and a co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in human colon cancer cells. The combination markedly induced apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 and SW480 cells. A pan-caspase inhibitor markedly inhibited apoptosis, and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor/Fc chimera partially inhibited apoptosis in both cells. The amount of TNFα secretion in the culture supernatant was significantly increased by co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated normal human PBMCs. On the other hand, the expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 (cIAP-2), an anti-apoptotic protein, was increased by co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated PBMCs in colon cancer cells, but sulforaphane treatment significantly suppressed the induction of cIAP-2. The present results revealed that sulforaphane enhances apoptosis in human colon cancer cells under co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated PBMCs via the TNFα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Rakariyatham K, Yang X, Gao Z, Song M, Han Y, Chen X, Xiao H. Synergistic chemopreventive effect of allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane on non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:893-902. [PMID: 30694275 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01914b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables are known for their potential anti-carcinogenic activities. These isothiocyanates are frequently consumed together as part of a regular diet, but their combined effects on carcinogenesis have not been well studied. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combination of two isothiocyanates, i.e. allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane, produced a synergy in inhibiting the growth of A549 lung cancer cells. Our results showed that the combination treatment led to a stronger growth inhibition than the singular treatment. Isobologram analysis proved that the enhanced inhibitory effect of the combination treatment was synergistic. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the combination treatment caused more extensive cell cycle arrest and apoptosis than the singular treatment with modified expression of key proteins regulating these cellular processes. The combined treatment resulted in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which might contribute to the inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Moreover, a synergy between allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane was also observed in anti-cell migration. Collectively, our results have demonstrated the potential of different isothiocyanates used in combination to produce enhanced protective effects against carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyasiri Rakariyatham
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Akiyoshi S, Kikuchi H, Kuribayashi F, Madhyastha H, Minami H. Sulforaphane displays the growth inhibition, cytotoxicity and enhancement of retinoic acid-induced superoxide-generating activity in human monoblastic U937 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.6.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Akiyoshi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Shokei University Junior College
- Department of Food Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Hidehiko Kikuchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Shokei University Junior College
| | | | | | - Hisanori Minami
- Department of Food Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
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Soni K, Kohli K. Sulforaphane-decorated gold nanoparticle for anti-cancer activity: in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:427-438. [PMID: 30063165 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1507038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop sulforaphane-loaded gold nanoparticles (SFN-GNPs) as a potential nanomedicine against the solid tumors. Citrate-mediated electrolysis optimized by four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was used to get nanoparticles of size <200 nm. The formulation was characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity B16-F10, MCF-7, SW-620 and Caco-2 cell line. Single dose oral pharmacokinetics, gamma scintigraphy-based bio-distribution and tumor regression studies were conducted to evaluate the in vivo performance. Optimized SFN-GNPs showed spherical morphology with a particle size of 147.23 ± 5.321 nm, the zeta potential of -12.7 ± 1.73 mV, entrapment efficiency of 83.17 ± 3.14% and percentage drug loading of 37.26 ± 2.33%. With SFN-GNPs, both SFN (75.99 ± 2.36%) and gold (58.11 ± 2.48%) were able to permeate through the intestinal wall in 48 h. SFN-GNPs were able to bring LC50 of <100 µg/ml in all the cytotoxicity assays, more than 5-fold increase in AUC0-t, enhanced retention at tumor site as well as significant pre-induction tumor growth inhibition and post-induction tumor reduction as compared to plain SFN solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Soni
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jamia Hamdard University , New Delhi , India
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Jin CY, Molagoda IMN, Karunarathne WAHM, Kang SH, Park C, Kim GY, Choi YH. TRAIL attenuates sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 and sustains ROS generation, leading to apoptosis of TRAIL-resistant human bladder cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 352:132-141. [PMID: 29792947 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can preferentially initiate apoptosis in malignant cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Unfortunately, many human cancer cells are refractory to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through many unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that TRAIL resistance can be reversed in human bladder cancer cell lines by treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a well-known chemopreventive isothiocyanate in various cruciferous vegetables. Combined treatment with SFN and TRAIL (SFN/TRAIL) significantly induced apoptosis concomitant with activation of caspases, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bid truncation, and induction of death receptor 5. Transient knockdown of Bid prevented collapse of MMP induced by SFN/TRAIL, consequently reducing apoptotic effects. Furthermore, SFN increased both the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is an anti-oxidant enzyme. Interestingly, TRAIL effectively suppressed SFN-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the period of ROS generation was more extended compared to that of treatment with SFN alone. In addition, silencing of Nrf2 increased apoptosis in cells treated with SFN/TRAIL; however, blockade of ROS generation inhibited apoptotic activity. These data suggest that SFN-induced ROS generation promotes TRAIL sensitivity and SFN can be used for the management of TRAIL-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | | | | | - Sang-Hyuck Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 67340, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
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Bassan P, Bhushan S, Kaur T, Arora R, Arora S, Vig AP. Extraction, profiling and bioactivity analysis of volatile glucosinolates present in oil extract of Brassica juncea var. raya. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:399-409. [PMID: 29692548 PMCID: PMC5911257 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are rich source of glucosinolates (GSLs), which in presence of myrosinase enzyme cause hydrolytic cleavage and result in different hydrolytic products like isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles and epinitriles. The GSLs hydrolytic products are volatile compounds, which are known to exhibit bioactivities like antioxidant, fungicidal, bioherbicidal and anticancer. Among the Brassicaceae family, Brassica juncea is very well known for high content of GSLs. In the present study, the isolation of volatile oil of B. juncea var. raya was done by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus and further there extraction was done by solvents ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. The volatile compounds present in the extract were analysed by gas chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/GC-MS). Fatty acid esters, sulphur and/or nitrogen compounds, carbonyl compounds and some other volatile compounds were also identified. Besides the analytical studies, the extracts were analysed for their bioactivities including radical scavenging activity by using DNA nicking assay and cytotoxic effect using different human cancer cell lines viz. breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC-3), lung (A-549), cervix (HeLa) and colon (HCT116) by MTT assay. The oil extracts were efficiently able to reduce the increase of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among all cell lines, the most effective anticancer activity was observed in case of breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line. So, MCF-7 cells were used for further mechanistic studies for analysing the mechanism of anticancer activity. Confocal microscopy was done for analysing morphological changes in the cells and the images confirmed the features typical of apoptosis. For evaluating the mode of cell death, spectrofluorometric determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was done. The volatile oil extract treated MCF-7 cells had a significant increase in number of ROS, also there was a rise in percentage of cells with increased disruption of MMP. So, the present study marks necessary indication that B. juncea (raya) oil extracts significantly induces apoptosis in all the above mentioned cancer cells lines through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and thus play a remarkable role in death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bassan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Tajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab 143501 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Martin SL, Kala R, Tollefsbol TO. Mechanisms for the Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cells by Sulforaphane through Epigenetic Modulation of MicroRNA-21 and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Down-regulation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18:97-106. [PMID: 28176652 PMCID: PMC5577390 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170206104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modulations such as histone modifications are becoming increasingly valued for their ability to modify genes without altering the DNA sequence. Many bioactive compounds have been shown to alter genetic and epigenetic profiles in various cancers. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as kale, cabbage and broccoli sprouts, is one of the most potent histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to date. Recently, it has been identified that HDACis may play a vital role in regulating microRNAs (miRs) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify if aberrant HDAC, hTERT and miR levels could be regulated through novel dietary-based approaches in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We evaluated the in vitro epigenetic effects of SFN on CRC cells by MTT assay, cellular density assay, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell cycle analysis, western-blot assay, HDAC activity assay and teloTAGGG telomerase PCR Elisa assay. RESULTS We demonstrated the inhibitory effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of SFN in both HCT116 and RKO CRC cells, and showed for the first time that SFN treatment decreased cell density, significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in CRC cells. We also found that practical doses of SFN significantly down-regulated oncogenic miR-21, HDAC and hTERT mRNA, protein and enzymatic levels in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that the regulation of HDAC, hTERT and miR-21 is a promising approach for delaying and/or preventing CRC and may be accomplished via the consumption of SFN in cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rishabh Kala
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Kim SC, Choi B, Kwon Y. Thiol-reducing agents prevent sulforaphane-induced growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1368321. [PMID: 28970779 PMCID: PMC5614215 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1368321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory potential of sulforaphane against cancer has been suggested for different types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. We examined whether this effect is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), important signaling molecules related to cell survival and proliferation, in ovarian cancer cells. Sulforaphane at a concentration of 10 μM effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells. Use of specific inhibitors revealed that activation of MAPK pathways by sulforaphane is unlikely to mediate sulforaphane-induced growth inhibition. Sulforaphane did not generate significant levels of intracellular ROS. Pretreatment with thiol reducers, but not ROS scavengers, prevented sulforaphane-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, diamide, a thiol-oxidizing agent, enhanced both growth inhibition and cell death induced by sulforaphane, suggesting that the effect of sulforaphane on cell growth may be related to oxidation of protein thiols or change in cellular redox status. Our data indicate that supplementation with thiol-reducing agents should be avoided when sulforaphane is used to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Cheol Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Geng Y, Zhou Y, Wu S, Hu Y, Lin K, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Wu W. Sulforaphane Induced Apoptosis via Promotion of Mitochondrial Fusion and ERK1/2-Mediated 26S Proteasome Degradation of Novel Pro-survival Bim and Upregulation of Bax in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:2456-2470. [PMID: 28900483 PMCID: PMC5595075 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory showed that sulforaphane (SFN) induced apoptosis by sustained activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). However, the underlying mechanisms associated with SFN-induced apoptosis and downstream cascades which are modulated by ERK1/2 were not elucidated. Herein we demonstrated for the first time that alteration of mitochondrial dynamics contributed to SFN-induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Reports showed that protein Bim not only induced apoptosis but also promoted proliferation under certain circumstances. We found that Bim was related to cell growth in NSCLC cells. Pro-survival Bim downregulation was shown to induce apoptosis in response to SFN. Further, Using the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, we found that SFN upregulated Bax and downregulated Bim through the ERK1/2-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, SFN activated ERK1/2 to increase 26S proteasome activity to degrade Bim, while the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversed this effect. Therefore, SFN phosphorylated ERK1/2 and activated the proteasome system leading to the degradation of Bim, which contributed to apoptosis in NSCLC cells. These findings provided a novel insight into SFN-related therapeutics in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongnan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Torres-Mena JE, Quintanar-Jurado V, Chagoya-Hazas V, Rojas Del Castillo E, Del Pozo Yauner L, Villa-Treviño S, Pérez-Carreón JI. Ptgr1 expression is regulated by NRF2 in rat hepatocarcinogenesis and promotes cell proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:87-99. [PMID: 27867096 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin reductase-1 (Ptgr1) is an alkenal/one oxidoreductase that is involved in the catabolism of eicosanoids and lipid peroxidation such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Recently, we reported that Ptgr1 is overexpressed in human clinical and experimentally induced samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how the expression of this gene is regulated and its role in carcinogenesis are not yet known. Here, we studied parameters associated with antioxidant responses and the mechanisms underlying the induction of Ptgr1 expression by the activation of Nuclear Factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like-2 (NRF2). For these experiments, we used two protocols of induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Furthermore, we determined the effect of PTGR1 on cell proliferation and resistance to oxidative stress in cell cultures of the epithelial liver cell line, C9. Ptgr1 was overexpressed during the early phase in altered hepatocyte foci, and this high level of expression was maintained in persistent nodules until tumors developed. Ptgr1 expression was regulated by NRF2, which bound to an antioxidant response element at -653bp in the rat Ptgr1 gene. The activation of NRF2 induced the activation of an antioxidant response that included effects on proteins such as glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferase-P (GSTP1). These effects may have produced a reduced status that was associated with a high proliferation rate in experimental tumors. Indeed, when Ptgr1 was stably expressed, we observed a reduction in the time required for proliferation and a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide- and 4-HNE-induced cell death. These data were consistent with data showing colocalization between PTGR1 and 4-HNE protein adducts in liver nodules. These findings suggest that Ptgr1 and antioxidant responses act as a metabolic adaptation and could contribute to proliferation and cell-death evasion in liver tumor cells. Furthermore, these data indicate that Ptgr1 could be used to design early diagnostic tools or targeted therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Esperanza Torres-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Saul Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico
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Wang L, Tian Z, Yang Q, Li H, Guan H, Shi B, Hou P, Ji M. Sulforaphane inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasiveness through the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25917-31. [PMID: 26312762 PMCID: PMC4694875 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound derived from broccoli/broccoli sprouts, has been demonstrated to be used as an antitumor agent in different types of cancers. However, its antitumor effect in thyroid cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SFN for thyroid cancer and explore the mechanisms underlying antitumor effects of SFN by in vitro and in vivo studies. Our data demonstrated that SFN significantly inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and expression of Slug, Twist, MMP-2 and -9. Mechanically, SFN inhibited thyroid cancer cell growth and invasiveness through repressing phosphorylation of Akt, enhancing p21 expression by the activation of Erk and p38 signaling cascades, and promoting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway. Growth of xenograft tumors derived from thyroid cancer cell line FTC133 in nude mice was also significantly inhibited by SFN. Importantly, we did not find significant effect of SFN on body weight and liver function of mice. Collectively, we for the first time demonstrate that SFN is a potentially effective antitumor agent for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, P.R. China
| | - Zhufang Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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SHIH YUNGLUEN, WU LUNGYUAN, LEE CHINGHSIAO, CHEN YUNGLIANG, HSUEH SHUCHING, LU HSUFENG, LIAO NIENCHIEH, CHUNG JINGGUNG. Sulforaphane promotes immune responses in a WEHI-3-induced leukemia mouse model through enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages and natural killer cell activities in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4023-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu J, Han J, Hou B, Deng C, Wu H, Shen L. Sulforaphane inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2977-83. [PMID: 26935987 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is recognized as a safe antitumor agent derived from various cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli. It has been demonstrated that sulforaphase is a potent antitumor agent in diverse cancers. However, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma remains largely unknown. Here, we show that sulforaphane inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell via the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. We found sulforaphane inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sulforaphane induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and promoted cell apoptosis. A set of experiments showed that sulforaphase inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion, inhibited the formation of fibroblast like mesenchymal cells and the expression of Vimentin, but increased the expression of E-cadherin, suggesting sulforaphane suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Cotreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited sulforaphane-inhibited invasion and upregulation of E-cadherin and almost completely abolished the sulforaphane-induced expression of Vimentin. The effect of sulforaphane on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was confirmed by a xenograft tumor growth model. All our finding indicated that sulforaphane is a promising and safe strategy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nonkennada Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Han
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Benxin Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nonkennada Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Huanliang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nonkennada Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, P.R. China
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Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity of Sulforaphane: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:402386. [PMID: 26185755 PMCID: PMC4491563 DOI: 10.1155/2015/402386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to recent estimates, cancer continues to remain the second leading cause of death and is becoming the leading one in old age. Failure and high systemic toxicity of conventional cancer therapies have accelerated the identification and development of innovative preventive as well as therapeutic strategies to contrast cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. In recent years, increasing body of in vitro and in vivo studies has underscored the cancer preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. In this review article, we highlight that sulforaphane cytotoxicity derives from complex, concurring, and multiple mechanisms, among which the generation of reactive oxygen species has been identified as playing a central role in promoting apoptosis and autophagy of target cells. We also discuss the site and the mechanism of reactive oxygen species' formation by sulforaphane, the toxicological relevance of sulforaphane-formed reactive oxygen species, and the death pathways triggered by sulforaphane-derived reactive oxygen species.
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Koushki D, Latifi S, Norouzi Javidan A, Matin M. Efficacy of some non-conventional herbal medications (sulforaphane, tanshinone IIA, and tetramethylpyrazine) in inducing neuroprotection in comparison with interleukin-10 after spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:13-22. [PMID: 24969510 PMCID: PMC4293529 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be responsible for further neural damages and therefore inhibition of inflammatory processes may exert a neuroprotection effect. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of some non-conventional herbal medications including sulforaphane, tanshinone IIA, and tetramethylpyrazine in reducing inflammation and compare them with a known effective anti-inflammatory agent (interleukin-10 (IL-10)). METHODS We searched relevant articles in Ovid database, Medline (PubMed) EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus up to June 2013. The efficacy of each treatment and study powers were compared using random effects model of meta-analysis. To our knowledge, no conflict of interest exists. RESULTS Eighteen articles entered into the study. The meta-analysis revealed that exogenous IL-10 was more effective in comparison with the mentioned herbal extracts. The proposed pathways for each medication's effect on reducing the inflammation process are complex and many overlaps may exist. CONCLUSION IL-10 has a strong effect in the induction of neuroprotection and neurorecovery after SCI by multiple pathways. Tetramethylpyrazine has an acceptable influence in reducing inflammation through the up-regulation of IL-10. Outcomes of sulforaphane and tanshinone IIA administration are acceptable but still weaker than IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Latifi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Sahar Latifi, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Keshavarz Avenue, Tehran, Iran, PO Box: 6114185. or
| | - Abbas Norouzi Javidan
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Matin
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center (BASIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Elhalem E, Recio R, Werner S, Lieder F, Calderón-Montaño JM, López-Lázaro M, Fernández I, Khiar N. Sulforaphane homologues: Enantiodivergent synthesis of both enantiomers, activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and selective cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:552-63. [PMID: 25299679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported is an enantiodivergent approach for the synthesis of both enantiomers of sulforaphane (SFN) homologues with different chain lengths between the sulfinyl sulfur and the isothiocyanate groups and different substituents on the sulfinyl sulfur. The homologues were designed in order to unravel the effect of all the diversity elements included in sulforaphane's structure. The key step of the approach is the diastereoselective synthesis of both sulfinate ester epimers at sulfur, using as single chiral auxiliary the sugar derived diacetone-d-glucose. The approach allows the first synthesis of both enantiomers of 5-methylsulfinylpentyl isothiocyanate, and the biologically important 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (6-HITC) found in Japanese horseradish, wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The ability of the synthesized compounds as inductors of phase II detoxifying enzymes has been studied by determining their ability to activate the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. The cytotoxic activity of all the synthesized compounds against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and foetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Elhalem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/. Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lieder
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Noureddine Khiar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/. Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Jo GH, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Park KY, Choi YH. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway: the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1497-506. [PMID: 24993616 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, has received a great deal of attention because of its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of sulforaphane in the T24 human bladder cancer line, and explored its molecular mechanism of action. Our results showed that treatment with sulforaphane inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in T24 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondria dysfunction, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Furthermore, the increased activity of caspase-9 and -3, but not caspase-8, was accompanied by the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, indicating the involvement of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Concomitant with these changes, sulforaphane triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which, along with the blockage of sulforaphane-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis, was strongly attenuated by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Furthermore, sulforaphane was observed to activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, as demonstrated by the upregulation of ER stress‑related proteins, including glucose-regulated protein 78 and C/EBP-homologous protein, and the accumulation of phosphorylated Nrf2 proteins in the nucleus and induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression, respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that sulforaphane has antitumor effects against bladder cancer cells through an ROS-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and suggest that ER stress and Nrf2 may represent strategic targets for sulforaphane-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guk Heui Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Busan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Guo S, Cheng X, Lim JH, Liu Y, Kao HY. Control of antioxidative response by the tumor suppressor protein PML through regulating Nrf2 activity. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2485-98. [PMID: 24943846 PMCID: PMC4142619 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PML plays a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis via a unique mechanism in which PML functions as an oxidative sensor to regulate the expression of antioxidant genes through Nrf2. PML is also indispensable for sulforaphane-mediated ROS generation, Nrf2 activation, antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiangiogenesis. Oxidative stress is a consequence of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the ability of the cytoprotective system to detoxify the reactive intermediates. The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) functions as a stress sensor. Loss of PML results in impaired mitochondrial complex II activity, increased ROS, and subsequent activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative pathway. We also demonstrate that sulforaphane (SFN), an antioxidant, regulates Nrf2 activity by controlling abundance and subcellular distribution of PML and that PML is essential for SFN-mediated ROS increase, Nrf2 activation, antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiangiogenesis. Taking the results together, we have uncovered a novel antioxidative mechanism by which PML regulates cellular oxidant homeostasis by controlling complex II integrity and Nrf2 activity and identified PML as an indispensable mediator of SFN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xiwen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jun-Hee Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Gupta A, Kaur CD, Jangdey M, Saraf S. Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes and their naturally derived inhibitors: novel targets in photocarcinoma therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:65-74. [PMID: 24355347 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiations generates reactive oxygen species leading to photoaging in which degradation of dermal collagen and degeneration of elastic fibers occurs. Matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] enzymes are the proteolytic enzymes which have significant potentiality of cleaving extracellular matrix [ECM] against Ultraviolet [UV] radiation. The important MMPs are MMP1, MMP2 and MMP7 which promote skin cancer when irradiated by UV rays. In lieu of this, the investigation of MMPs and their inhibitors are constantly being studied for successive results. Recent researches have focused on some traditionally used bioactive moieties as natural matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors (MMPIs) and emphasized on the need of more extensive and specific studies on MMPIs, so that a good combination of natural or synthetic MMPIs with the conventional drugs can be evolved for cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current view on the feasibility of MMPs as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. This review also summarizes the role of small molecular weight natural MMPIs and a clinical update of those natural MMPIs that are under clinical trial stage.
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Negrette-Guzmán M, Huerta-Yepez S, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by the indirect antioxidant sulforaphane: a seemingly contradictory dual role and an integrative hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1078-1089. [PMID: 23999506 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) was early linked to anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative activities. Soon after, this compound, derived from cruciferous vegetables, became an excellent and useful trial for anti-cancer research in experimental models including growth tumor, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Many subsequent reports showed modifications in mitochondrial signaling, functionality, and integrity induced by SFN. When cytoprotective effects were found in toxic and ischemic insult models, seemingly contradictory behaviors of SFN were discovered: SFN was inducing deleterious changes in cancer cell mitochondria that eventually would carry the cell to death via apoptosis and also was protecting noncancer cell mitochondria against oxidative challenge, which prevented cell death. In both cases, SFN exhibited effects on mitochondrial redox balance and phase II enzyme expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of the family of B cell lymphoma 2 homologs, regulation of proapoptotic proteins released from mitochondria, activation/inactivation of caspases, mitochondrial respiratory complex activities, oxygen consumption and bioenergetics, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and modulation of some kinase pathways. With the ultimate findings related to the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by SFN, it could be considered that SFN has effects on mitochondrial dynamics that explain some divergent points. In this review, we list the reports involving effects on mitochondrial modulation by SFN in anti-cancer models as well as in cytoprotective models against oxidative damage. We also attempt to integrate the data into a mechanism explaining the various effects of SFN on mitochondrial function in only one concept, taking into account mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and making a comparison with the theory of reactive oxygen species threshold of cell death. Our interest is to achieve a complete view of cancer and protective therapies based on SFN that can be extended to other chemotherapeutic compounds with similar characteristics. The work needed to test this hypothesis is quite extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Negrette-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
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Sulforaphane induces reactive oxygen species-mediated mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:157-65. [PMID: 24296129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine whether sulforaphane-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) might cause growth arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. Our results show that the reduced viability of 5637 cells by sulforaphane is due to mitotic arrest, but not the G2 phase. The sulforaphane-induced mitotic arrest correlated with an induction of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of Cdk1, as well as a concomitant increased complex between cyclin B1 and Cdk1. Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis was associated with the activation of caspase-8 and -9, the initiators caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively, and activation of effector caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, blockage of caspase activation inhibited apoptosis and abrogated growth inhibition in sulforaphane-treated 5637 cells. This study further investigated the roles of ROS with respect to mitotic arrest and the apoptotic effect of sulforaphane, and the maximum level of ROS accumulation was observed 3h after sulforaphane treatment. However, a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, notably attenuated sulforaphane-mediated apoptosis as well as mitotic arrest. Overall, these results suggest that sulforaphane induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis of 5637 cells via a ROS-dependent pathway.
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Prasad P, Khan I, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Mitochondria‐Targeting Oxidovanadium(IV) Complex as a Near‐IR Light Photocytotoxic Agent. Chemistry 2013; 19:17445-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Prasad
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐23600683
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore‐560012, Karnataka (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐23600999
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore‐560012, Karnataka (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐23600999
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka (India), Fax: (+91) 80‐23600683
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Wu Y, Mao J, Mei L, Liu S. Kinetic studies of the thermal degradation of sulforaphane and its hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Pawlik A, Wiczk A, Kaczyńska A, Antosiewicz J, Herman-Antosiewicz A. Sulforaphane inhibits growth of phenotypically different breast cancer cells. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1949-58. [PMID: 23389114 PMCID: PMC3832756 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Cancer development and resistance to chemotherapy correlates with aberrant activity of mitogenic pathways. In breast cancers, pro-survival PI3K-AktmTOR-S6K1 signaling pathway is often hyperactive due to overexpression of genes coding for growth factors or estrogen receptors, constitutive activation of PI3K or Akt and loss of PTEN, a negative regulator of the pathway. Since epidemiologic as well as rodent tumor studies indicate that sulforaphane (SFN), a constituent of many edible cruciferous vegetables, might be a potent inhibitor of mammary carcinogenesis, we analyzed the response of four breast cancer cell lines representing different abnormalities in ErbB2/ER-PI3K-AktmTOR-S6K1 signaling pathway to this compound. Methods Four different breast cancer cell lines were used: MDA MB 231, MCF-7, SKBR-3 and MDA MB 468. Cell viability and ultrastructure, protein synthesis, autophagy induction and phosphorylation status of Akt and S6K1 kinases upon SFN treatment were determined. Results We observed that all four cell lines are similarly sensitive to SFN. SFN decreased phosphorylation of Akt and S6K1 kinases and at higher concentrations induced autophagy in all studied cell lines. Moreover, global protein synthesis was inhibited by SFN in investigated cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results indicate that SFN is a potent inhibitor of the viability of breast cancer cells representing different activity of the ErbB2/ER-PI3K-AktmTOR-S6K1 pro-survival pathway and suggest that it targets downstream elements of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawlik
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Poulton EJ, Levy L, Lampe JW, Shen DD, Tracy J, Shuhart MC, Thummel KE, Eaton DL. Sulforaphane is not an effective antagonist of the human pregnane X-receptor in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:122-31. [PMID: 23153560 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), is an effective in vitro antagonist of ligand activation of the human pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR). PXR mediated CYP3A4 up-regulation is implicated in adverse drug-drug interactions making identification of small molecule antagonists a desirable therapeutic goal. SFN is not an antagonist to mouse or rat PXR in vitro; thus, normal rodent species are not suitable as in vivo models for human response. To evaluate whether SFN can effectively antagonize ligand activation of human PXR in vivo, a three-armed, randomized, crossover trial was conducted with 24 healthy adults. The potent PXR ligand - rifampicin (300mg/d) was given alone for 7days in arm 1, or in daily combination with 450μmol SFN (Broccoli Sprout extract) in arm 2; SFN was given alone in arm 3. Midazolam as an in vivo phenotype marker of CYP3A was administered before and after each treatment arm. Rifampicin alone decreased midazolam AUC by 70%, indicative of the expected increase in CYP3A4 activity. Co-treatment with SFN did not reduce CYP3A4 induction. Treatment with SFN alone also did not affect CYP3A4 activity in the cohort as a whole, although in the subset with the highest basal CYP3A4 activity there was a statistically significant increase in midazolam AUC (i.e., decrease in CYP3A4 activity). A parallel study in humanized PXR mice yielded similar results. The parallel effects of SFN between humanized PXR mice and human subjects demonstrate the predictive value of humanized mouse models in situations where species differences in ligand-receptor interactions preclude the use of a native mouse model for studying human ligand-receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jane Poulton
- Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, University of Washington, WA 98105-6099, USA
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Celastrol inhibits growth and induces apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells via the activation ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway and the suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1275-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Lin LC, Yeh CT, Kuo CC, Lee CM, Yen GC, Wang LS, Wu CH, Yang WCV, Wu ATH. Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of imatinib against chronic leukemia cancer stem cells through enhanced abrogation of Wnt/β-catenin function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7031-7039. [PMID: 22708678 DOI: 10.1021/jf301981n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has been indicated for the prevention and suppression of tumorigenesis in solid tumors. Herein, we evaluated SFN's effects on imatinib (IM)-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). CD34(+)/CD38(-) and CD34(+)/CD38(+) LSCs were isolated from KU812 cell line flowcytometrically. Isolated LSCs showed high expression of Oct4, CD133, β-catenin, and Sox2 and IM resistance. Differentially, CD34(+)/CD38(-) LSCs demonstrated higher BCR-ABL and β-catenin expression and imatinib (IM) resistance than CD34(+)/CD38(+) counterparts. IM and SFN combined treatment sensitized CD34(+)/CD38(-) LSCs and induced apoptosis, shown by increased caspase 3, PARP, and Bax while decreased Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, the combined treatment reduced BCR-ABL and β-catenin and MDR-1 protein expression. Mechanistically, IM and SFN combined treatment resensitized LSCs by inducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, β-catenin-silenced LSCs exhibited reduced glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) expression and intracellular GSH level, which led to increased sensitivity toward IM and SFN. We demonstrated that IM and SFN combined treatment effectively eliminated CD34(+)/CD38(-) LSCs. Since SFN has been shown well tolerated in both animals and human, this regimen could be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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42
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Sharma R, Sharma A, Chaudhary P, Sahu M, Jaiswal S, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC. Role of 4-hydroxynonenal in chemopreventive activities of sulforaphane. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2177-85. [PMID: 22579574 PMCID: PMC3377772 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention of cancer via herbal and dietary supplements is a logical approach to combating cancer and currently it is an attractive area of research investigation. Over the years, isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane (SFN) found in cruciferous vegetables, have been advocated as chemopreventive agents, and their efficacy has been demonstrated in cell lines and animal models. In vivo studies with SFN suggest that in addition to protecting normal healthy cells from environmental carcinogens, it also exhibits cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against various cancer cell types. Among several mechanisms for the chemopreventive activity of SFN against chemical carcinogenesis, its effect on drug-metabolizing enzymes that cause activation/neutralization of carcinogenic metabolites is well established. Recent studies suggest that SFN exerts its selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated generation of lipid peroxidation products, particularly 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Against the background of the known biochemical effects of SFN on normal and cancer cells, in this article we review the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the overall chemopreventive effects of SFN, focusing on the role of HNE in these mechanisms, which may also contribute to its selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Mukesh Sahu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Shailesh Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, City of Hope-NCI designated comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Yogesh C. Awasthi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
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Wiczk A, Hofman D, Konopa G, Herman-Antosiewicz A. Sulforaphane, a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, inhibits protein synthesis in human prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1295-305. [PMID: 22640870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound derived from cruciferous plants. Its anticancer properties have been demonstrated both, in cancer cell lines as well as tumors in animal models. It has been shown that SFN inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, autophagy, and sensitizes cancer cells to therapies. As induction of catabolic processes is often related to perturbation in protein synthesis we aimed to investigate the impact of SFN on this process in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. In the present study we show that SFN inhibits protein synthesis in PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner which is accompanied by a decreased phosphorylation of mTOR substrates. Translation inhibition is independent of mitochondria-derived ROS as it is observed in PC-3 derivatives devoid of functional mitochondrial respiratory chain (Rho0 cells). Although SFN affects mitochondria and slightly decreases glycolysis, the ATP level is maintained on the level characteristic for control cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis might be a protective response of prostate cancer cells to save energy. However, translation inhibition contributes to the death of PC-3 cells due to decreased level of a short-lived protein, survivin. Overexpression of this anti-apoptotic factor protects PC-3 cells against SFN cytotoxicity. Protein synthesis inhibition by SFN is not restricted to prostate cancer cells as we observed similar effect in SKBR-3 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wiczk
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Hsiao CJ, Hsiao SH, Chen WL, Guh JH, Hsiao G, Chan YJ, Lee TH, Chung CL. Pycnidione, a fungus-derived agent, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 197:23-30. [PMID: 22450442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pycnidione, a small tropolone first isolated from the fermented broth of Theissenia rogersii 92031201, exhibits antitumor activities through an undefined mechanism. The present study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of pycnidione on the growth and death of A549 human lung cancer cells. Pycnidione significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a 50% growth inhibition (GI(50)) value of approximately 9.3nM at 48h. Pycnidione significantly decreased the expression of cyclins D1 and E and induced G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and a subsequent increase in the sub-G(1) phase population. Pycnidione also markedly reduced the expression of survivin and activated caspase-8 and -3, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caused the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and enhanced PAI-1 production, thus triggering apoptosis in the A549 cells. Taken together, pycnidione exerts anti-proliferative effects on human lung cancer cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, testing of its effects in vivo is warranted to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic agent against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Hsiao
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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A combination of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 6-aminonicotinamide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in irradiated human malignant cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1021-30. [PMID: 22328137 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that a combination of metabolic modifiers 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) results in oxidative stress mediated radiosensitization of malignant cells via mitochondrial dysfunction and non-coordinated expression of antioxidant defense, besides inhibition of repair and recovery. In the present study, our objective was to study, in a panel of human malignant cells of various origins (lung carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, oral carcinoma, and glioblastoma), if the inhibitory activity of combination (2-DG+6-AN+2 Gy) against tumor growth could be considered a general phenomenon and to determine its effect on the cell cycle. The results revealed that combination (2-DG+6-AN+2 Gy) treatment result in significant cell growth inhibition and induced ROS generation in all cancer cells studied. The anti-proliferative effect was related to the ability of combination (2-DG+6-AN+2 Gy) to provoke growth inhibition at the G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, combination (2-DG+6-AN+2 Gy) induced G2/M arrest is closely correlated to decreased cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cdc2 levels.
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Reactive oxygen species and PI3K/Akt signaling play key roles in the induction of Nrf2-driven heme oxygenase-1 expression in sulforaphane-treated human mesothelioma MSTO-211H cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ham YM, Yoon WJ, Park SY, Song GP, Jung YH, Jeon YJ, Kang SM, Kim KN. Quercitrin protects against oxidative stress-induced injury in lung fibroblast cells via up-regulation of Bcl-xL. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fimognari C, Turrini E, Ferruzzi L, Lenzi M, Hrelia P. Natural isothiocyanates: genotoxic potential versus chemoprevention. Mutat Res 2011; 750:107-131. [PMID: 22178957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, occurring in many dietary cruciferous vegetables, show interesting chemopreventive activities against several chronic-degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, diabetes. The electrophilic carbon residue in the isothiocyanate moiety reacts with biological nucleophiles and modification of proteins is recognized as a key mechanism underlying the biological activity of isothiocyanates. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 system, which orchestrates the expression of a wide array of antioxidant genes, plays a role in the protective effect of isothiocyanates against almost all the pathological conditions reported above. Recent emerging findings suggest a further common mechanism. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in many human diseases and isothiocyanates inhibit the activity of many inflammation components, suppress cyclooxygenase 2, and irreversibly inactivate the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Due to their electrophilic reactivity, some isothiocyanates are able to form adducts with DNA and induce gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. DNA damage has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic-degenerative diseases of epidemiological relevance. Thus, the genotoxicity of the isothiocyanates should be carefully considered. In addition, the dose-response relationship for genotoxic compounds does not suggest evidence of a threshold. Thus, chemicals that are genotoxic pose a greater potential risk to humans than non-genotoxic compounds. Dietary consumption levels of isothiocyanates appear to be several orders of magnitude lower than the doses used in the genotoxicity studies and thus it is highly unlikely that such toxicities would occur in humans. However, the beneficial properties of isothiocyanates stimulated an increase of dietary supplements and functional foods with highly enriched isothiocyanate concentrations on the market. Whether such concentrations may exert a potential health risk cannot be excluded with certainty and an accurate evaluation of the toxicological profile of isothiocyanates should be prompted before any major increase in their consumption be recommended or their clinical use suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fimognari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferruzzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monia Lenzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Prashar A, Siddiqui F, Singh AK. Synthetic and green vegetable isothiocyanates target red blood leukemia cancers. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:255-65. [PMID: 22120500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs), the breakdown products of glucosinolates found primarily in species of Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), are potential anti-cancer compounds. This review compiles data on how through different modes of action ITCs and their synthetic counterparts target leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Prashar
- Lifezone Biotech Private Limited, B-102, Phase III, KSSIDC, Electronic City, Bangalore, India.
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Radiosensitization of head and neck cancer cells by the phytochemical agent sulforaphane. Strahlenther Onkol 2011; 187:575-80. [PMID: 21858418 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-011-2218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. Recently it gained attention because of its antiproliferative properties in many cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sulforaphane could act as a radiosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (i.e., (HNSCC) SCC9, SCC25, CAL27, and FADU) were treated with sulforaphane and subsequently irradiated. Then proliferation and clonogenic assays were performed. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Possible regulation of Akt and Mcl-1 was investigated by western blotting. RESULTS Sulforaphane and radiation in combination leads to stronger inhibition of cell proliferation and of clonogenic survival than each treatment method alone. Western blot analysis of Akt and Mcl-1 showed no changed expression. CONCLUSION Sulforaphane is a promising agent in the treatment of head and neck cancer due to its antiproliferative and radio-sensitizing properties. A combination of sulforaphane and radiation decreases clonogenic survival. Apoptosis is not regulated through Akt or the Mcl-1 protein.
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