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Bouchard J, Raj P, Yu L, Sobhi B, Malalgoda M, Malunga L, Netticadan T, Joseph Thandapilly S. Oat protein modulates cholesterol metabolism and improves cardiac systolic function in high fat, high sucrose fed rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:738-750. [PMID: 38477294 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Oats are recognized to provide many health benefits that are mainly associated with its dietary fibre, β-glucan. However, the protein derived from oats is largely understudied with respect to its ability to maintain health and attenuate risk factors of chronic diseases. The goal of the current study was to investigate the metabolic effects of oat protein consumption in lieu of casein as the protein source in high fat, high sucrose (HF/HS) fed Wistar rats. Four-week-old rats were divided into three groups and were fed three different experimental diets: a control diet with casein as the protein source, an HF/HS diet with casein, or an HF/HS diet with oat protein for 16 weeks. Heart structure and function were determined by echocardiography. Blood pressure measurements, an oral glucose tolerance test, and markers of cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver and kidney damage were also performed. Our study results show that incorporation of oat protein in the diet was effective in preserving systolic heart function in HF/HS fed rats. Oat protein significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, oat protein normalized liver HMG-CoAR activity, which, to our knowledge, is the first time this has been reported in the literature. Therefore, our research suggests that oat protein can provide hypocholesterolemic and cardioprotective benefits in a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bouchard
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Babak Sobhi
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maneka Malalgoda
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lovemore Malunga
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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do Prado WL, Josephson S, Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Hossain J, Balagopal PB. Preliminary evidence of glycine as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in children with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1023-1026. [PMID: 37516817 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (GLY) is a substrate for a wide range of metabolic processes. Several preclinical and adult studies demonstrated inverse associations of GLY with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, little evidence is available on relationships between GLY and CVD risk in children. We assessed links between circulating GLY and biomarkers of CVD in children with obesity. Participants included both male and females with normal weight (NW, n = 6) and obesity (OB, n = 15), with age 14-18 years and Tanner stage >IV. Concentrations of GLY, branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D [25(OH)D], glucose, insulin, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using established techniques, and body composition by DXA. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Our study identified major relationships of GLY (p-value < 0.01 for all) of GLY with visceral fat (r2 = 0.40), BCAA (r2 = 0.44), HOMA-IR (r2 = 0.33), 25(OH)D (r2 = 0.48), IL-6 (r2 = 0.46) and adiponectin (r2 = 0.39). Given that CVD progression is a continuum and the disease itself is not present in children and biomarkers are typically used to monitor CVD in children, the links between GLY and biomarkers of CVD provide evidence for the first time of a potential role for GLY in CVD in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Department of Biostatistics, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Jia Y, Yan X, Li X, Zhang S, Huang Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Qi B. Soy protein–phlorizin conjugate prepared by tyrosinase catalysis: Identification of covalent binding sites and alterations in protein structure and functionality. Food Chem 2023; 404:134610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Imenshahidi M, Hossenzadeh H. Effects of glycine on metabolic syndrome components: a review. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:927-939. [PMID: 35013990 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycine is the simplest and major amino acid in humans. It is mainly generated in the liver and kidney and is used to produce collagen, creatine, glucose and purine. It is also involved in immune function, anti-inflammatory processes and anti-oxidation reactions. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of glycine in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases for papers concerning glycine and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Available evidence shows that the amount of glycine synthesized in vivo is insufficient to meet metabolic demands in these species. Plasma glycine levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals. Interventions such as lifestyle modification, exercise, weight loss, or drugs that improve manifestations of metabolic syndrome remarkably increase circulating glycine concentrations. CONCLUSION Glycine supplementation improves various components of metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In the future, the use of glycine may have a significant clinical impact on the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hossenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Cui J, Shi Y, Xu X, Zhao F, Zhang J, Wei B. Identifying the cardioprotective mechanism of Danyu Tongmai Granules against myocardial infarction by targeted metabolomics combined with network pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153829. [PMID: 35104768 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danyu Tongmai Granules (DY), the commercial Chinese medicine, was well-accepted cardiovascular protective actions in clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of DY on cardiovascular disease still need largely to be clarified. PURPOSE Therefore, this study was designed to explore potential mechanisms of DY in myocardial infarction (MI) by integrated strategy of metabolomics and network pharmacology. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were subjected to H2O2 induced myocardial injury and rats were induced MI via isoproterenol (ISO) injection. The entire metabolic alterations in serum and heart tissues of experimental rats were profiled by UPLC-MS/MS. Based on the identified differential metabolites, the pathway analysis results were obtained and further validated using the network pharmacology approach. RESULTS We found that DY exerted significant cardioprotective effects in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ISO. The metabolomics data suggested that DY mainly affected the amino acid metabolism (i.e., valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycine, serine, as well as the alanine metabolism, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, etc.). Simultaneously, DY participated in the regulation of the biosynthesis of bile acids and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Notably, DY significantly reduced the biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine to regulating the metabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in infarcted myocardium, thus blocking the inflammation via inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in ISO-induced rats. The anti-inflammatory system of DY was further validated with the results of network pharmacology. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, confirmed that DY inhibited inflammation and further exerted significant anti-myocardial infarction effect. Additionally, our work further demonstrated that the myocardial protective effect of DY was contributed to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating BCAAs in infarcted myocardium using the comprehensive metabolomics, molecular biology and network analysis. Overall, our study gained new insights into the role of the relationship between the metabolic regulation of BCAAs and the NLRP3 inflammasome against MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yangyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xueli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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OuYang YN, Zhou LX, Jin YX, Hou GF, Yang PF, Chen M, Tian Z. Reconstruction and analysis of correlation networks based on GC-MS metabolomics data for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:1-8. [PMID: 33752091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by the elevation of plasma total cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This disease is usually caused by a mutation in genes such as LDL receptor, apolipoprotein B, or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. However, a considerable number of patients with hypercholesterolemia do not have any mutation in these candidate genes. In this study, we examined the difference in the metabolic level between patients with hypercholesterolemia and healthy subjects, and screened the potential biomarkers for this disease. METHODS Analysis of plasma metabolomics in hypercholesterolemia patients and healthy controls was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and metabolic correlation networks were constructed using Gephi-0.9.2. RESULTS First, metabolic profile analysis confirmed the distinct metabolic footprints between the patients and the healthy ones. The potential biomarkers screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis included l-lactic acid, cholesterol, phosphoric acid, d-glucose, urea, and d-allose (Variable importance in the projection > 1). Second, arginine and methionine metabolism were significantly perturbed in hypercholesterolemia patients. Finally, we identified that l-lactic acid, l-lysine, l-glutamine, and l-cysteine had high scores of centrality parameters in the metabolic correlation network. CONCLUSION Plasma l-lactic acid could be used as a sensitive biomarker for hypercholesterolemia. In addition, arginine biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism were profoundly altered in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan OuYang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Lu-Xin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Yue-Xin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Guo-Feng Hou
- Shaanxi Keyi Sunshine Test Services Co.,Ltd, Xi'an, 710000, Shaan xi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaan xi, China.
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Soy protein isolate -(-)-epigallocatechin gallate conjugate: Covalent binding sites identification and IgE binding ability evaluation. Food Chem 2020; 333:127400. [PMID: 32673949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The conjugate prepared from (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and soy protein isolate (SPI) under alkaline and aerobic conditions was analyzed using a Nano-LC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique. The sulfhydryl and free amino groups of SPI were involved in covalent binding. Fifty-one peptides were conjugated with EGCG. Fifty-nine modified sites were identified, located on Cys, His, Arg, and Lys, respectively. It is the first time to confirm that each of the two phenolic rings of EGCG contained a reactive site that bound to an amino acid residue. The amino acid residue reactivity, amino acid sequence and composition affected the EGCG binding site in SPI. Lys and Arg residues are the most likely sites for modification, and modification appears to reduce IgE binding. This study is helpful to elucidate the pattern of covalent binding of polyphenols to proteins in food systems and provides a theoretical basis for the directional modification of soy proteins with polyphenols.
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Sai Phani Kumar V, Verma M, Deshpande PA. On interaction of arginine, cysteine and guanine with a nano-TiO 2 cluster. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107236. [PMID: 32220810 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic properties of TiO2 augmented with its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility make it a material interest in the biomedical field. Efficient methods to design of such materials require a thorough understanding of associated nano-bio interfaces. In the present study, density functional theory calculations were performed to study the interactions of arginine, cysteine and guanine with a nano-TiO2 cluster. Different configurations were sampled for the adsorption of arginine, cysteine and guanine to probe the nano-bio interface via the interaction of various functional groups present on biomolecules. Adsorption energies for arginine, cysteine and guanine were in a range of -25.0 to -57.6, -12.1 to -29.6 and -45.6 to -58.7 kcal/mol, respectively. From the change in adsorption energies and free energies, interaction of amino acids with carboxylic (COOH), thiol (SH) and amine (NH2) groups while the interaction of the nucleobase via O bonded to C and N of purine ring was found to be essential for thermodynamically stable and energetically favorable states. Density of states analysis also disclosed the prominent interactions of the biomolecules with the nano-TiO2 cluster. Decrease in band gaps on adsorption of the biomolecules was a pertinent phenomenon indicating the strong chemical interactions of the biomolecules with the nanoscopic TiO2 chosen for analysis in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sai Phani Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Manju Verma
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Parag A Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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Levchuk L, Sannikova N, Borodulina T, Kolyasnikova M, Mukhametshina G. Monitoring of the trophological status of children for early detection of alimentary dependent diseases. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202202009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food deficits are now a serious problem because they often lead to the development of health disorders and the formation of chronic pathology. The article presents the results of nutritional status assessment including the study of actual nutrition, health, physical development and availability of a number of macro and micronutrients in 493 children aged 3 to 11 years. Early formation of excess body weight and obesity and their relationship with the development of chronic diseases, decrease of physical performance has been proved. Biochemical markers for cardiovascular disease risk in these age groups have been found. The combination of micronutrients deficiency such as calcium, iron, zinc adversely affects the level of health and development of children, which determines the need to introduce a set of preventive measures.
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Yang L, Li Z, Song Y, Liu Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Zhang T, Yuan Y, Cai X, Wang S, Wang P, Gao S, Li L, Li Y, Yu C. Study on urine metabolic profiling and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:365-373. [PMID: 31059703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), hyperlipidemia (HLP) has developed into a high incidence disease that seriously threatens human health. Finding a new target for effective treatment of HLP will be a powerful way to reduce the incidence of CVD. The purpose of this study was to find potential biomarkers in urine of HLP patients and analyze their metabolic pathways to study the pathogenesis of HLP. METHODS An UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology was used to detect the metabolites in urine of 60 HLP patients and 60 normal controls. Based on PLS-DA pattern recognition, potential biomarkers related to HLP were screened out. RESULTS 22 potential biomarkers related to HLP were identified, which involved amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, steroid hormone metabolism and intestinal flora metabolism, and their possible pathogenesis was found to be related to inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The non-targeted metabolomic method based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology can effectively identify potential biomarkers in the urine of HLP patients and explore the possible pathogenesis. Our research will lay a foundation for finding new targets for the treatment of HLP and provide a basis for clinical research on the treatment of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanqi Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tianpu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xuemeng Cai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Specific Amino Acids Affect Cardiovascular Diseases and Atherogenesis via Protection against Macrophage Foam Cell Formation: Review Article. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2018; 9:RMMJ.10337. [PMID: 29944113 PMCID: PMC6115485 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, and endogenous or exogenous lipids has been recognized for decades, underestimating the contribution of other dietary components, such as amino acids, to the initiation of the underlying inflammatory disease. Recently, specific amino acids have been associated with incident cardiovascular disorders, suggesting their significant role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Special attention has been paid to the group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, isoleucine, and valine, since their plasma values are frequently found in high concentrations in individuals with CVD risk. Nevertheless, dietary BCAA, leucine in particular, have been associated with improved indicators of atherosclerosis. Therefore, their potential role in the process of atherogenesis and concomitant CVD development remains unclear. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. They can accumulate high amounts of circulating lipids, through a process known as macrophage foam cell formation, and initiate the atherogenesis process. We have recently screened for anti- or pro-atherogenic amino acids in the macrophage model system. Our study showed that glycine, cysteine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and glutamine significantly affected macrophage atherogenicity mainly through modulation of the cellular triglyceride metabolism. The anti-atherogenic properties of glycine and leucine, and the pro-atherogenic effects of glutamine, were also confirmed in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to define the role of these amino acids in atherosclerosis and CVD, which may serve as a basis for the development of anti-atherogenic nutritional and therapeutic approaches.
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