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Goya-Jorge E, Jorge-Rodríguez ME, Saucedo-Hernández Y. Simultaneous determination of cucurbitacins B, D, and E in Cucurbita seed oils by HPLC-DAD. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39234765 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2394097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are triterpene bioactive constituents of natural products, particularly in the Cucurbitaceae plant family. The presence of cucurbitacins in seeds of the Cucurbita genus (pumpkin) has been only little studied. In this work, the content of cucurbitacins B, D, and E in seed oils from three cucurbits (Cucurbita moschata Duch, Cucurbita pepo Linn, and Cucurbita maxima Linn) was studied. An analytical method based on HPLC-DAD for the detection and quantification of these three cucurbitacins in seed oils was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The method showed good linearity, accuracy, and precision for the simultaneous quantification of cucurbitacins B, D, and E using C.moschata seed oil as a reference. When applied to C.pepo and C.maxima seed oils, cucurbitacin B and D were quantified but to a lesser extent. This is the first report of a simple, repeatable, and reproducible analytical tool to identify cucurbitacins in oilseeds from Cucurbita spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
- Intestinal Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - María Elisa Jorge-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Yanelis Saucedo-Hernández
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
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Gavril (Rațu) RN, Constantin OE, Enachi E, Stoica F, Lipșa FD, Stănciuc N, Aprodu I, Râpeanu G. Optimization of the Parameters Influencing the Antioxidant Activity and Concentration of Carotenoids Extracted from Pumpkin Peel Using a Central Composite Design. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1447. [PMID: 38891255 PMCID: PMC11174748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
It has been discovered that the peel of a pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), regarded as a waste product of pumpkin processing, has significant amounts of carotenoids and other antioxidants. This study aims to identify the most effective extraction parameters for an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to extract the total carotenoids (TCs) and assess the antioxidant activity (AA) of pumpkin peel. To determine the effects of the extraction time, temperature, and material-to-solvent ratio on the recovery of TCs and AA, a response surface methodology utilizing the central composite design (CCD) was used. The extraction temperature (6.25-98.75 °C), extraction duration (13.98-128.98 min), and solvent ratio (0.23-50.23 mL) were the variables studied in the coded form of the experimental plan. The carotenoid concentration varied from 0.53 to 1.06 mg/g DW, while the AA varied from 0.34 to 7.28 µM TE/g DW. The findings indicated that the optimal extraction parameters were an 80 °C temperature, a 10 mL solvent ratio, and a 100 min extraction time. The study confirmed that the optimum extraction conditions resulted in an experimental TC yield of 0.97 mg/g DW and an AA of 7.25 µM TE/g DW. Overall, it should be emphasized that the extraction process can be enhanced by setting the operating factors to maximize the model responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nicoleta Gavril (Rațu)
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.G.); (F.D.L.)
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Oana Emilia Constantin
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Elena Enachi
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Florina Stoica
- Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Daniel Lipșa
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.G.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
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Motadi SA, Mbhenyane XG, Zuma MK, Freeland Graves JH. Effects of Cucurbita Moschata squash (Butternut) seed paste in improving zinc and iron status in children attending Early Childhood Development centres in Limpopo province, South Africa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300845. [PMID: 38635826 PMCID: PMC11025940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucurbita moschata (Butternut squash) seeds are a rich source of nutrition containing nutrients including iron, zinc, copper, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. The aim of this study was to determine if Cucurbita Moschata squash seed paste improves zinc and iron status, anthropometric status, and dietary intake in preschool children. A pretest-posttest control group trial using cluster randomisation was conducted over 6 months. Four preschools were randomly assigned to receive 100 g of intervention or 100 g of a placebo as the control to enhance iron and zinc status. A total of 276 preschool children were recruited from eight government registered Early Childhood Development centres in Limpopo province, South Africa. The control group consumed Cucurbita moschata flesh twice-weekly, while the intervention group consumed Cucurbita moschata seed paste twice-weekly during a six-month period. Iron (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin) and zinc (serum zinc) status and anthropometric indices such as weight, height and mid upper arm circumference for children were evaluated at baseline and the endpoint. Iron and zinc-rich food consumption was measured using a 24-hour dietary recall and food record during the study, and dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire which was conducted at the beginning and endpoint. The intervention group significantly improved in the mean serum iron 0.23 μg/dL (95% CI: 0.11;0.33); ferritin 0.21μg/dL (95% CI: 0.13;0.39), transferrin saturation 0.33% (0.23;0.74) and zinc 0.16 μmol/dl (95% CI: 0.13;0.25) at the end of the study. In addition, the intervention group exhibited greater mean weight for age of 0.13 z-score (95% CI: 0.28; 0.34) and weight for height of 0.04 z-score (95% CI: 0.12,0.05), as well as the consumption of iron (p < 0,001), zinc (p < 0,001), and vitamin C (p < 0.001). At the end of the trial, fiber (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p = 0.001), vitamin B6 (p < 0.001), and vitamin B12 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. Thus, the inclusion of intervention in the diet of children in an impoverished area of South Africa improved the iron and zinc status of these children. This supplement could be a cost effective and sustainable approach to improve nutrient status in rural South Africa. Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202308740458863).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selekane Ananias Motadi
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Xikombiso Gertrude Mbhenyane
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mthokozisi Kwazi Zuma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Smallholder Agricultural Development, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Xia W, Chen C, Jin S, Chang H, Ding X, Fan Q, Zhang Z, Hua B, Miao M, Liu J. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Distinct Features of Metabolism Pathways Supporting the Fruit Size and Color Variation of Giant Pumpkin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3864. [PMID: 38612673 PMCID: PMC11012166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is an important vegetable crop of the Cucurbitaceae plant family. The fruits of pumpkin are often used as directly edible food or raw material for a number of processed foods. In nature, mature pumpkin fruits differ in size, shape, and color. The Atlantic Giant (AG) cultivar has the world's largest fruits and is described as the giant pumpkin. AG is well-known for its large and bright-colored fruits with high ornamental and economic value. At present, there are insufficient studies that have focused on the formation factors of the AG cultivar. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed comparative transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis of fruits from the AG cultivar and a pumpkin with relatively small fruit (Hubbard). The results indicate that up-regulation of gene-encoded expansins contributed to fruit cell expansion, and the increased presence of photoassimilates (stachyose and D-glucose) and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation worked together in terms of the formation of large fruit in the AG cultivar. Notably, perhaps due to the rapid transport of photoassimilates, abundant stachyose that was not converted into glucose in time was detected in giant pumpkin fruits, implying that a unique mode of assimilate unloading is in existence in the AG cultivar. The potential molecular regulatory network of photoassimilate metabolism closely related to pumpkin fruit expansion was also investigated, finding that three MYB transcription factors, namely CmaCh02G015900, CmaCh01G018100, and CmaCh06G011110, may be involved in metabolic regulation. In addition, neoxanthin (a type of carotenoid) exhibited decreased accumulation that was attributed to the down-regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in AG fruits, which may lead to pigmentation differences between the two pumpkin cultivars. Our current work will provide new insights into the potential formation factors of giant pumpkins for further systematic elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xia
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Siying Jin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Huimin Chang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Xianjun Ding
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Qinyi Fan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (H.C.); (Q.F.); (B.H.); (M.M.)
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Abbas G, Shah S, Alshammari A, Albekairi TH, Ali A, Khurm M, Mubarak MS. Cardioprotective and hypotensive mechanistic insights of hydroethanolic extract of Cucumis melo L. kernels in isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity based on metabolomics and in silico electrophysiological models. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1277594. [PMID: 38348351 PMCID: PMC10859416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1277594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to threaten health worldwide, and account for a significant portion of deaths and illnesses. In both developing and industrialized nations, they challenge their health systems. There are several traditional uses of Cucurbitaceae seeds in Pakistan, India, Iran, and China, including treating cardiovascular, neurological, and urogenital diseases. Methods: In the present work, integrated techniques of metabolomics profiling and computational cardiomyocyte stimulation were used to investigate possible mechanisms of C. melo in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. In vitro, vasoconstrictions, paired atria, and in vivo invasive blood pressure measurement models were performed to explore the mechanism of action of C. melo hydroethanolic seed extract (Cm-EtOH). Results: Results showed that Cm-EtOH demonstrates NO-based endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) vasorelaxant response, negative chronotropic and inotropic response in the atrium, and hypotensive effects in normotensive rats. Results also revealed that Cm-EtOH decreases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reverts the altered gene expressions, biochemical, and metabolites in ISO-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats. The extract additionally reversed ISO-induced MI-induced oxidative stress, energy consumption, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, C. melo seeds increased EDRF function, energy production, and antioxidant capacity to treat myocardial and vascular disorders. In computational cardiomyocyte simulation, gallic acid reduced action potential duration, upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax), and effective refractory period. Conclusion: This study highlights the therapeutic potential of C. melo seeds to treat cardiovascular diseases and provides mechanistic insight into its antihypertensive and cardioprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurm
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Wang Y, Kratzer R, Murkovic M, Eibinger M, Machado Charry E, Li S, Zhang T, Zhang X, Zhang M, Chen H. Fabrication and characterization of a novel zein/pectin/pumpkin seed oil Pickering emulsion and the effects of myricetin on oxidation stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127386. [PMID: 37838112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, zein/pectin/pumpkin seed oil (PSO) Pickering emulsions (ZPPEs) were fabricated loading with myricetin (MYT), and the quality control methods of oxidation stability were innovatively investigated. The microstructure and particle properties of zein-pectin particles were determined. The zein to pectin ratio of 5:3 and oil phase fraction (φ = 50 %) turned out as the most optimal conditions for the stabilization of myricetin-loaded ZPPEs. The expected oil-in-water emulsion-type structure was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The internal 3D structure of Pickering emulsions (Lugol's solution improved the water-phase contrast) was imaged by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) for the first time. Results showed a sponge like structure of water phase in emulsion with 42 μm as mean droplet size. Light-induced oxidation was evaluated with the PetroOxy method and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Encapsuling ZPPEs with MYT could prevent the light induced oxidation, especially, loading of MYT at the core of the emulsion. The analysis of Electronic nose (E-nose) was used to analyze the odor before and after UV-induced oxidation, and showed a good discrimination. This study provided a new approach to prepare ZPPEs with high oxidation stability. Micro-CT, PetroOxy and E-nose could be new methods for characterization and quality assessment of Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Regina Kratzer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Eibinger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Ahmad S, Jamil M, Jaworski CC, Wu Y, Palma-Onetto V, Lyu B, Luo Y. Knockdown of the ecdysone receptor disrupts development and causes mortality in the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:738-747. [PMID: 37646607 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits are important economic plants that are attacked by numerous pests, among which the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae is extremely problematic. New sustainable pest control strategies are necessary to replace chemical insecticides that are harmful to the environment, human health and nontarget species. The RNA interference (RNAi) technology is one of the most promising tools due to high efficiency and species specificity. We developed an RNAi strategy targeting the ecdysone receptor (ECR) of Z. cucurbitae, which plays an important role in moulting and reproduction. We identified, described and isolated the ECR gene of Z. cucurbitae and measured its expression pattern across developmental stages and tissues. ZcECR knockdown via dsZcECR ingestion caused a significant larval mortality and abnormal phenotypes in pupae and adults. About 68% of larvae fed with a dsZcECR-treated diet failed to enter the pupal stage and died. In addition, ZcECR knockdown dramatically reduced pupal weight (by 3.24 mg on average) and fecundity (by about 23%). RNAi targeting the ECR gene is therefore a promising method to control Z. cucurbitae, paving the way for the development of novel sustainable and highly specific control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Momana Jamil
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Yuejie Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Valeria Palma-Onetto
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Baoqian Lyu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Guler T, Kulhas Celik I, Comert M, Artac H. Recurrent Anaphylaxis with Watermelon and Pumpkin Seeds in a Boy Tolerant to Their Pulps. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2023; 36:122-124. [PMID: 37552845 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Seeds are widely consumed as a traditional snack and have rich contents beneficial to health. With an increase in consumption rates, allergic reactions occur more frequently. We focus on multiple seed consumption related to recurrent anaphylaxis in this case. Case Presentation: We evaluated an 11-year-old boy with recurrent anaphylaxis. According to his medical records, he had been hospitalized several times, diagnosed with anaphylaxis, and treated. The family noticed direct (eating) or indirect contact with pumpkin seeds. In addition, the family mentioned another anaphylactic episode after watermelon seed and poppy seed bread consumption. We conducted skin prick-to-prick tests, examined total immunoglobulin E levels, and prescribed the treatment with an adrenalin autoinjector and preventive dietary recommendations. Conclusion: Anaphylaxis, particularly recurrent ones, should be evaluated with detailed anamnesis and supported with laboratory tests. Although seeds are beneficial and highly nutritious, it is necessary to consider them a source of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Guler
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Kulhas Celik
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meltem Comert
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasibe Artac
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Tarjuelo L, Rabadán A, Álvarez-Ortí M, Pardo-Giménez A, Pardo I, Pardo J. Nutritional characteristics and consumer attitudes towards burgers produced by replacing animal fat with oils obtained from food by-products. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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10
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Akhtar S, Ali A, Tallei TE, Simal-Gandara J. Mechanistic insights of Cucumis melo L. seeds for gastrointestinal muscle spasms through calcium signaling pathway-related gene regulation networks in WGCNA and in vitro, in vivo studies. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106596. [PMID: 36773554 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the nutritional benefits of Cucumis melo L., herbalists in Pakistan and India employ seeds to treat various ailments. This study aimed to determine the regulatory role of C. melo seeds in calcium-mediated smooth muscle contraction. METHODS We identified and quantified the phytochemicals of C. melo with LC ESI-MS/MS and HPLC, then conducted in vitro and in vivo tests to confirm the involvement in smooth muscle relaxation. Then, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome gene datasets from NCBI GEO were acquired, DEGs and WGCNA followed by functional enrichment analysis. Next, molecular docking of key genes was performed. RESULTS The quantification of C. melo seeds revealed concentrations of rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin were 702.38 μg/g, 686.29 μg/g, and 658.41 μg/g, respectively. In vitro experiments revealed that C. melo seeds had a dose-dependent relaxant effect for potassium chloride (80 mM)-induced spastic contraction and exhibited calcium antagonistic response in calcium dose-response curves. In in vivo studies, Cm.EtOH exhibited antidiarrheal, antiperistaltic, and antisecretory effects. The functional enrichment of WGCNA and DEGs IBS-associated pathogenic genes, including those involved in calcium-mediated signaling, MAPK cascade, and inflammatory responses. MAPK1 and PIK3CG were identified as key genes with greater binding affinity with rutin, quercitrin, and kaempferol in molecular docking. CONCLUSIONS The bronchodilator and antidiarrheal effects of C. melo were produced by altering the regulatory genes of calcium-mediated smooth contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Kakkar S, Tandon R, Tandon N. The rising status of edible seeds in lifestyle related diseases: A review. Food Chem 2023; 402:134220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ninčević Grassino A, Rimac Brnčić S, Badanjak Sabolović M, Šic Žlabur J, Marović R, Brnčić M. Carotenoid Content and Profiles of Pumpkin Products and By-Products. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020858. [PMID: 36677916 PMCID: PMC9861221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current findings on the major carotenoids and their content in pumpkin products and by-products. The content of total carotenoids and the composition of carotenoids in pumpkins depend mainly on the species and cultivar, pedoclimatic conditions, the part of the plant (pulp, peel or seed), extraction procedures and the type of solvent used for extraction. The major carotenoids identified in pumpkins were β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin. β-Carotene is the major carotenoid in most pumpkin species. The number and content of total carotenoids are higher when minor carotenoids and ester forms are considered. The use of carotenoids in the development of functional foods has been the topic of many versatile studies in recent years, as they add significant value to foods associated with numerous health benefits. In view of this, pumpkin and pumpkin by-products can serve as a valuable source of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Ninčević Grassino
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.N.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Suzana Rimac Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Badanjak Sabolović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roko Marović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.N.G.); (M.B.)
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Piepiórka-Stepuk J, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Sterczyńska M, Mierzejewska S, Stachnik M, Jakubowski M. The effect of heat treatment on bioactive compounds and color of selected pumpkin cultivars. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Fratianni F, Amato G, De Feo V, d'Acierno A, Coppola R, Nazzaro F. Potential therapeutic benefits of unconventional oils: assessment of the potential in vitro biological properties of some Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Brassicaceae seed oils. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1171766. [PMID: 37153908 PMCID: PMC10160382 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Seed oils are versatile in the food sector and for pharmaceutical purposes. In recent years, their biological properties aroused the interest of the scientific world. Materials and methods We studied the composition of fatty acids (FAs) and some in vitro potential therapeutic benefits of five cold-pressed commercial oils obtained from broccoli, coffee, green coffee, pumpkin, and watermelon seeds. In particular, we assayed the antioxidant activity (using diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays). In addition, through the fatty acid composition, we calculated the atherogenicity index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) to evaluate the potential impact of such oils on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro anti-inflammatory capacity of the oils (evaluated through their effectiveness in preventing protein degradation, using bovine serum albumin as protein standard) and the ability of the oils to inhibit in vitro activity of three among the essential enzymes, cholinesterases and tyrosinase, involved in the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we evaluated the capacity of the oils to inhibit the biofilm of some pathogenic bacteria. Results The unsaturated fatty acids greatly predominated in broccoli seed oil (84.3%), with erucic acid as the main constituent (33.1%). Other unsaturated fatty acids were linolenic (20.6%) and linoleic (16.1%) acids. The saturated fatty acids fraction comprised the palmitic (6.8%) and stearic acids (0.2%). Broccoli seed oil showed the best AI (0.080) and TI (0.16) indexes. The oils expressed a good antioxidant ability. Except for the watermelon seed oil, the oils exhibited a generally good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, with IC50 values not exceeding 8.73 micrograms. Broccoli seed oil and green coffee seed oil showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; coffee seed oil and broccoli seed oil were the most effective in inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 15.7 μg and 20.7 μg, respectively). Pumpkin and green coffee seed oil showed the best inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (IC50 = 2 μg and 2.77 μg, respectively). In several cases, the seed oils inhibited the biofilm formation and the mature biofilm of some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with Staphylococcus aureus resulting in the most sensitive strain. Such activity seemed related only in some cases to the capacity of the oils to act on the sessile bacterial cells' metabolism, as indicated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Acierno
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Avellino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Filomena Nazzaro
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Ali A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Rauf A, Mubarak MS. Integrated Mechanisms of Polarity-Based Extracts of Cucumis melo L. Seed Kernels for Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation via Key Signaling Pathways Based on WGCNA, In Vivo, and In Vitro Analyses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121522. [PMID: 36558973 PMCID: PMC9784679 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms responsible for calcium-mediated smooth muscle contractions in C. melo seeds. The phytochemicals of C. melo were identified and quantified with the aid of Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then tested in-vitro and in vivo to confirm involvement in smooth muscle relaxation. Allergic asthma gene datasets were acquired from the NCBI gene expression omnibus (GEO) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and functional enrichment analysis were conducted. Additionally, molecular docking of key genes was carried out. Kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin are identified as phytochemical constituents of C. melo seeds. Results indicated that C. melo seeds exhibit a dose-dependent relaxant effect for potassium chloride (80 mM)- induced spastic contraction and calcium antagonistic response in calcium dose-response curves. The functional enrichment of WGCNA and DEG asthma-associated pathogenic genes showed cytokine-mediated pathways and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, CACNA1A, IL2RB, and NOS2 were identified as key genes with greater binding affinity with rutin, quercitrin, and kaempferol in molecular docking. These results show that the bronchodilator and antidiarrheal effects of C. melo were produced by altering the regulatory genes of calcium-mediated smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 94640, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (M.S.M.)
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Onsongo SK, Mohamed SA, Akutse KS, Gichimu BM, Dubois T. The Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for Management of the Melon Fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae: Pathogenicity, Horizontal Transmission, and Compatability with Cuelure. INSECTS 2022; 13:859. [PMID: 36292807 PMCID: PMC9604353 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the laboratory, the pathogenicity of thirteen isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) were assessed by exposing adults to 0.3 g of dry conidia (~3 × 109 conidia) of each isolate for 5 min and monitoring mortality for up to 5 days. Compatibility with a male pheromone, cuelure, (4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone), was determined by testing conidial germination and germ tube growth of the most promising isolate, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, in the presence of cuelure at different temperatures. For horizontal transmission, the flies were separated by sex, separately exposed to M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, and subsequently mixed with non-exposed flies from the other sex. The most pathogenic isolates were M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, 18, and 30, causing mortalities of 94, 87, and 81%, with 5 days post-exposure, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 caused the highest pupal mortality of 74%, with 15 days post-exposure. Horizontal transmission of M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 among male and female Z. cucurbitae was confirmed by 59 and 67% mortality after exposure to infected donor males and females, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 affected the oviposition, but not hatchability, of infected Z. cucurbitae females. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 is, therefore, a potential isolate for biopesticide development for Z. cucurbitae management in cucurbit production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Onsongo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu 60100, Kenya
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Bernard M. Gichimu
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu 60100, Kenya
| | - Thomas Dubois
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Qamar M, Ziora ZM. Antispasmodic activity of the ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds: Justifying ethnomedicinal use in Pakistan to treat asthma and diarrhea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115314. [PMID: 35490899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) belongs to the ground family, Cucurbitaceae, known for edible fruit. Besides nutritional benefits, the traditional herbal practitioners in Pakistan and India used their seeds to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary disorders. In Northern Sudan, its seeds are often used as a laxative. Its root is laxative and emetic at a high dose. Its seeds are also used to treat bedwetting and urinary tract obstruction. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the multi-target mechanisms of Citrullus lanatus seeds to treat asthma and diarrhea. The pharmacological experiments were designed and conducted, along with the pharmacology network and molecular docking predictions, to verify the seeds biopotency for antispasmodic and bronchodilator properties. METHODS LC ESI-MS/MS were performed to identify the potentially active compounds in hydroethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds, then to quantify them by HPLC. The quantified bioactive compounds of Citrullus lanatus, i.e., stigmasterol, quinic acid, malic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, scopoletin, apigenin, and kaempferol were subjected to in silico studies for molecular docking. The hydroethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds was examined on isolated rabbit tissue, i.e., jejunum, trachea, and urinary bladder. The antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal and antisecretory studies were also performed in animal models. RESULTS In silico studies revealed that bioactive compounds of C. lanatus seeds interfere with asthma and diarrhea-associated target genes, which are a member of calcium mediate signaling, regulation of cytosolic calcium concentration, smooth muscle contraction, and inflammatory responses. It was also found that rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and scopoletin were stronger binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, myosin light chain kinase, and phosphoinositide phospholipase C, thus, exerting calcium channel blocker activity. The hydroethanolic extract of C. lanatus seeds exerted a concentration-dependent relaxant response for the spasmolytic response on isolated jejunum and trachea preparations and caused relaxation of spastic contraction of K+ (80 mM). Furthermore, it caused a non-parallel rightward shift with suppression of calcium concentration-response curves. In animal models, the Cl.EtOH showed antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal and antisecretory response. CONCLUSION Thus, we confirm Citrullus lanatus seeds have some medicinal effects by regulating the contractile response through target proteins of calcium mediates signaling and can be a promising component in the medical treatment for asthma and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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A Review of the Effect of Preparations from Vegetables of the Asteraceae Family and Cucurbitaceae Family on the Cardiovascular System and Its Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173601. [PMID: 36079856 PMCID: PMC9460361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) system dysfunction can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a key cause of death around the world. For many people, the most common treatment choices are still based on various plants used in traditional and folk medicine. Interestingly, many of these plants demonstrate various biological activities and pro-health properties; as such, there has been growing scientific interest in their use as medicines, including treatments for CVDs. Due to their varied biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential, the members of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae have long been used in traditional medicine. These properties are believed to derive from the chemical composition of the plants, which includes various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Although many of their pro-health properties have been well described, their effect on the cardiovascular system and CVDs remains unclear. The present work reviews the current literature about the effects of preparations of vegetables of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae families on the cardiovascular system and CVDs. Various species from the two families demonstrate antioxidant and antiplatelet activities in vitro and in vivo, which play key roles in the prophylaxis and treatment of CVDs. Additionally, some species have been evaluated for their anticoagulant activity. This review also describes the biological properties of these vegetables and discusses their anti-hyperlipidemic action, and their potential for obesity prevention and body weight control.
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Indigenous vegetables of family Cucurbitaceae of Azad Kashmir: A key emphasis on their pharmacological potential. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269444. [PMID: 35658061 PMCID: PMC9165879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of extracts of different parts of Cucurbitaceae vegetables was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2’-azino bis (ethyl benzothiazoline 6)-sulphonic acid) methods. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. The correlation of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS in different extracts of Cucurbitaceae vegetables was analyzed. The peel extracts of studied vegetables had the highest TPC, (C. grandis 3.00±0.86, T. cucumerina 3.24±0.70 and C. moschata 3.12±0.06 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 DW) and TFC (C. grandis 18.96±1.5, T. cucumerina 13.92±1.41 and C. moschata 15.31±0.97 mg rutin equivalent (RE) g-1 DW). The maximum antioxidant potential was obtained by the ABTS method in peel extracts of C. grandis (78.7%) and C. moschata (63.5%) while in pulp extract of T. cucumerina (50.1%) at 10 μg/mL. The percent radical scavenging activity (% RSA) by the DPPH method found maximum for peel and pulp of C. grandis (45.15 and 45.15%, respectively) and peel of T. cucumerina (45.15%) and C. moschata (34.15%). The EC50 obtained in the ABTS method was 0.54 and 7.15 μg/mL for C. grandis and C. moschata, respectively while 0.81 μg/mL for the pulp of T. cucumerina compared to standard ascorbic acid (1.05 μg/mL). The EC50 calculated in the DPPH method was 11.78 μg/mL, 13.34 μg/mL, and 21.00 μg/mL for C. grandis, T. cucumerina, and C. moschata peel respectively compared to the standard Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Among each variable, the correlation between ABTS and TPC provided the highest positive correlation (r = 0.998, p< 0.05) in peel extracts.
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Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Antispasmodic, Bronchodilator, and Antidiarrheal Activities of Polarity-Based Extracts of Cucumis sativus L. Seeds in In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050641. [PMID: 35631468 PMCID: PMC9143705 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from the nutritional value, Cucumis sativus L. has also been used in the traditional medicine of Iran, Pakistan, and India. Its seeds are used by herbalists to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary problems. However, more investigations are required to explain its mechanisms for treating GI, respiratory, and urinary diseases. Accordingly, the aim of the present work was to investigate the antispasmodic, bronchodilator, and antidiarrheal activities of C. sativus seeds extracts and the underlying mechanisms of action. For this purpose, sequential extracts of C. sativus seeds were prepared in n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. Bioactive compounds in C. sativus seed extracts were identified and quantified by utilizing LC ESI–MS/MS and HPLC. Moreover, network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to examine the antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects of the bioactive substances in the extracts. In vitro and in vivo experiments were also conducted to validate the mechanistic insights gained from the in silico analysis. Results indicated the presence of kaempferol with a concentration of 813.74 µg/g (highest concentration) in the seed extract of C. sativus, followed by quercetin (713.83 µg/g), narcissin (681.87 µg/g), and orientin (676.19 µg/g). In silico investigations demonstrated that the bioactive chemicals in C. sativus seeds inhibited the expression of the target genes involved in smooth muscle contraction and calcium-mediated signaling. Sequential seed extracts of C. sativus caused a dose-dependent relaxant response for spasmolytic reaction and resulted in a relaxation of K+ (80 mM) spastic contraction. In animal models, C. sativus seed extracts exhibited partial or complete antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory actions. By modulating the contractile response through calcium-mediated signaling target proteins, C. sativus seeds generated bronchodilator, antispasmodic, and antidiarrheal therapeutic effects.
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Wahid M, Saqib F. Scientific basis for medicinal use of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) in diarrhea and asthma: In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153978. [PMID: 35158236 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, commonly farmed as an edible vegetable around the globe. It has been used in traditional therapies in addition to nutritional advantages. Traditional herbal practitioners employ C. lanatus seeds to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary diseases in Pakistan and India. However, more investigation is needed to understand the effect of C. lanatus seeds on treating gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary disorders. PURPOSE This research aimed to use network pharmacology and molecular docking to understand multi-target mechanisms of C. lanatus seeds against asthma and diarrhea and to validate its effects using biological tests to investigate antispasmodic and bronchodilator capabilities. METHODS The ground seeds of C. lanatus were extracted in hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol, and aqueous for sequential extracts. The bioactive components in sequential extracts of C. lanatus seeds were identified using LC ESI-MS/MS, and specific compounds were quantified using HPLC. The quantified bioactive compounds of C. lanatus were subjected to in silico studies for network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate their role in antispasmodic and bronchodilator properties. The sequential extracts were tested on isolated rabbit tissue, i.e., jejunum, trachea, and urinary bladder. The antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal and antisecretory studies were also performed in animal models. RESULTS In silico studies indicate that bioactive chemicals from sequential extracts of C. lanatus seeds interfere with asthma and diarrhea-associated pathogenic genes. Those are members of calcium mediate signaling, cholinergic synapse, regulation of cytosolic calcium concentration, smooth muscle contraction, and inflammatory responses. It was also found that rutin, quercitrin, stearic acid, umbelliferone, and kaempferol were stronger binding to voltage-gated calcium channels and muscarinic M3 receptor, thus exerting calcium channel blocker activity and cholinergic receptor stimulant response. On isolated jejunum, trachea, and urinary preparations, sequential extracts of C. lanatus seeds elicited the spasmolytic response and showed the relaxation of spastic contractions of K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (1 µM). Furthermore, it induced a non-parallel rightward shift in calcium concentration-response curves with suppression. In animal models, C. lanatus seed extracts exhibited partially or completely antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory effects. CONCLUSION Thus, Citrullus lanatus had therapeutic benefits by modulating the contractile response through calcium-mediated signaling target proteins, hence exerting bronchodilator and antidiarrheal properties. The current study provides evidence for further mechanistic studies and the development of C. lanatus seeds as a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000), Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000), Pakistan.
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22
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Moyad MA. Nutraceuticals and Phytotherapy in Men's Health: Antioxidants, Pro-oxidants, and a Novel Opportunity for Lifestyle Changes. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Chicea L, Ahmedah HT, Sajer BH, Marc Vlaic RA, Pop OL, Moga M, Gavris C. Metabolomics analysis delineates the therapeutic effects of hydroethanolic extract of Cucumis sativus L. seeds on hypertension and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112704. [PMID: 35180666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumis sativus L., widely cultivated as an edible vegetable. Its seeds are well reputed for cardiovascular preventive properties. However, the mechanisms underlying for cardiovascular protection of C. sativus are still unidentified. Therefore, this study utilized a metabolomics approach to investigate putative mechanisms of C. sativus seeds in myocardial infarction (MI) and in vitro models of vasoconstriction, atrium, and invasive blood pressure measurement. Results showed that Cu.EtOH extract showed a vasorelaxant response with potent hypotensive effect in normotensive rats and L-NAME induced hypertension. Cu.EtOH caused a negative inotropic and positive chronotropic effect on the atrium. Cu.EtOH protected the animals from ISO-induced myocardial infarction (MI) interventions in left ventricular thickness, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mRNA gene expression, and biochemical assays. The metabolomics data suggested that Cu.EtOH mainly affected amino acid metabolism, BCAA degradation, ketone bodies degradation, and oxidative stress. Our study showed that Cu.EtOH suppressed inflammation with a strong anti-myocardial infarction impact. Additionally, our findings indicated Cu.EtOH reverted the amino acid metabolism, BCAA, and ketone bodies degradation. The findings show the antihypertensive mechanism of Cu.EtOH may include the modulation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) produced from nitric oxide (NO) and is connected with vascular endothelial function. C. sativus seeds, in particular, played a pivotal role in the treatment of myocardial and vascular disorders by enhancing the EDRF mechanism, energy generation, and antioxidant capacity. In summary, our findings showed the mechanistic insights on the therapeutic potential of C. sativus seeds for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Liana Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bayan Hussein Sajer
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Romina Alina Marc Vlaic
- Departament of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Marius Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.
| | - Claudia Gavris
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.
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Arzoo SH, Chattopadhyay K, Parvin T, Chattopadhyay B. Amelioration of related complications by the combined usage of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl and pumpkin seed in type 2 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:345-352. [PMID: 34883006 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cell damage are the major patho-physiological reasons behind type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is one of the most prevalent non communicable metabolic disorders in the world. Oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin shots are usually exercised to treat the diabetic patients but it produces many side effects. Thereby paving the way for natural hypoglycemic agents; a Himalayan herb and alternative nutritional therapy; low glycaemic indexed pumpkin seed, are used in combination for a better management of the disease. OBJECTIVES To explore the combined efficacy of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl root Salep and low-glycemic indexed-pumpkin seeds in better management of T2DM and associated complications. METHODS Balb/c mice were randomly allocated to six different groups (n=5). Streptozotocin along with high-fat-diet was used to induce T2DM. The experimental animals were supplemented with low-glycemic food or root Salep (200 mg/kg body weight) or combination of both according to their groups for 21 days, post which various biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS T2DM augmented the IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, BAX, Insulin levels, and HOMA-IR with concurrent reduction of IL-4, QUICKI, Bcl-2, estradiol and progesterone levels. FACS revealed augmented cellular damage in T2DM mice. Interestingly, root Salep and pumpkin seeds normalized those parameters in T2DM animals suggesting significant (p<0.001) improvement of immunity of the diseased animals and ameliorated associated complications. CONCLUSIONS Root Salep and pumpkin seed display synergism among binomial set of herbal agents which may be safely used for T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Parvin
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ogundare SA, Moodley V, Amaku JF, Ogunmoye AO, Atewolara-Odule OC, Olubomehin OO, Awokoya KN, Sanyaolu NO, Ibikunle AA, van Zyl WE. Nanocrystalline cellulose derived from melon seed shell (Citrullus colocynthis L.) for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles: Synthesis and catalytic activity. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Tekin-Cakmak ZH, Atik I, Karasu S. The Potential Use of Cold-Pressed Pumpkin Seed Oil By-Products in a Low-Fat Salad Dressing: The Effect on Rheological, Microstructural, Recoverable Properties, and Emulsion and Oxidative Stability. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112759. [PMID: 34829043 PMCID: PMC8620466 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cold-pressed pumpkin seed oil by-product (POB) was evaluated for its application as a natural fat substitute and stabilizer in the reduced-fat salad dressings. For this aim, the samples were prepared by combining the xanthan gum (0.2–0.4 g/100 g), POB (1.0–5.0 g/100 g), egg yolk powder (3 g/100 g), and sunflower oil (10–30 g/100 g) in 17 different formulations. The optimization was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) and full factorial central composite design (CCD). Results showed that all samples presented the shear-thinning (or pseudoplastic) flow behavior with 3.75–16.11 Pa·sn and 0.18–0.30, K and n values, respectively. The flow behavior rheological data were fitted to a power-law model (R2 > 0.99). The samples with high POB and low oil content showed similar K and n values compared to high oil content samples. Additionally, the dynamic rheological properties and three interval thixotropic test (3-ITT) were determined. The G′ value was larger than G″ in all frequency ranges, indicating viscoelastic solid characteristics in all samples. The optimum formulation was determined as 0.384% XG, 10% oil, and 3.04% POB. The samples prepared with the optimum formulation (POBLF-SD) were compared to low-fat (LF-SD), and high-fat (HF-SD) control salad dressing samples based on the rheological properties, emulsion stability, oxidative stability, zeta potential, and particle size. The oxidation kinetic parameters namely, IP, Ea, ΔS++, and ΔG++ showed that the oxidative stability of salad dressing samples could be improved by enriched by POB. The results of the present study demonstrated that POB could be considerably utilized as a natural fat substitute and stabilizer in salad dressing type emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Hazal Tekin-Cakmak
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey;
| | - Ilker Atik
- Food Technology Program, Afyon Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
| | - Salih Karasu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Davutpasa Campus, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-212-3834623
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Enhancement of a Landrace of Carosello (Unripe Melon) through the Use of Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) and Nutritional Characterization of the Fruit Placenta. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Landraces of ‘Carosello’ (Cucumis melo L.) are a typical expression of Apulia’s agro-biodiversity and are consumed in the same way as cucumbers. The aim of this research was to valorize the cultivation of a local variety of ‘Carosello’, extending the cultivation period and valorizing a part of the fruits that are generally wasted (endosperm). To accomplish this, a local variety called ‘Carosello leccese’ was grown in a greenhouse during the fall season under red + blue and red + blue + far red light-emitting diodes (LED) interlight. Yield, morphology, color and biochemical composition of the external and internal part of the fruit were evaluated. Although yield increased by 26% under supplemental light, the fruit quality was not influenced by LED application. However, the exocarp was greener (chlorophylls) and more yellow (carotenoids) than the mesocarp. Finally, the endosperm, which is the part of the fruit that is generally wasted, showed the highest polyphenols content, proving to be an important source of nutraceutical compounds. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the nutritional value of the endosperm is comparable or higher than the external part of the fruit, but further studies will be necessary to valorize it from a culinary perspective.
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Huang Y, Xiang X, Luo X, Li X, Yu X, Li S. Study on the emulsification and oxidative stability of ovalbumin-pectin-pumpkin seed oil emulsions using ovalbumin solution prepared by ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105717. [PMID: 34509956 PMCID: PMC8441206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), which is a valuable compound with high nutritional value used for the prevention of various chronic diseases, is prone to oxidation. In this work, small and uniform (su) ovalbumin (OVA) and pectin (PEC) were used to stabilize PSO in the form of an emulsion. The results showed that suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsion with a droplet size of 9.82 ± 0.05 μm was successfully self-assembled from PSO, PEC, and suOVA solution (with a droplet size of 230.13 ± 14.10 nm) treated with 300 W ultrasound, owing to the formation of a more stable interfacial film on the surface of droplets. The interfacial, rheological, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties of the suOVA-PES-PSO emulsions were excellent, owing to the synergistic effects between PEC and suOVA solution. Moreover, the physical stability of the suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsions to salt stress, a freeze-thaw cycle, and heat treatment was also increased and the oxidation of linolenic acid was notably delayed. These results have extended the food-related applications of OVA and PSO, and provide a promising foundation for further exploration of the self-assembly of composite emulsions by small and uniform proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaole Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xiongwei Yu
- Wuhan Xudong Food Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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Quintana Martínez S, Torregroza Fuentes EE, García
Zapateiro LA. Food Hydrocolloids from Butternut Squash ( Cucurbita moschata) Peel: Rheological Properties and Their Use in Carica papaya Jam. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12114-12123. [PMID: 34056365 PMCID: PMC8154147 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocolloids are a class of functional ingredients that are widely used in the development of food structures. The hydrocolloids are mainly polysaccharides and some proteins that are applied in various food products. For this reason, natural sources that are friendly to the environment must be sought for their extraction. Therefore, this study aimed to extract hydrocolloids from butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) peels-HBSP-and determine the proximal composition and rheological properties as well as their use effect in a microstructure product like fruit jam from Carica papaya. Hydrocolloids were obtained from butternut squash at pH 3, 7, and 10 and at different temperatures, presenting higher yield values at 80 °C with higher carbohydrate and protein contents and non-Newtonian flow behavior type shear-thinning. In order to analyze the influence of HBSP on the rheological properties of the microstructured product, the samples were employed as a partial substitute of pectin in C. papaya jam (CPJ), showing a positive effect on the jam matrix due to the addition of hydrocolloids. The physicochemical properties of jams did not present significant differences. CPJ presents non-Newtonian behavior type shear-thinning adjusting to the Herschel-Bulkley model. The dynamic viscoelastic rheological test characterized the jam as a gel-like state when the storage modulus values were higher than the loss modulus values in the frequency ranges studied. Regarding the addition of HBSP, this modified the color parameter, presenting a reddish color with an increase in tonality, and the sensory evaluation showed that the M3 sample was better than the other products, with a higher level of satisfaction. The obtained results show that butternut squash peel is suitable for the obtention of hydrocolloids, and they can be used as a raw material in the development and formulation of food products, as well as their byproducts can be used to solve problems with organic waste from the agroindustry in an environmentally friendly way.
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30
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Zeng Y, Wang J, Huang Q, Ren Y, Li T, Zhang X, Yao R, Sun J. Cucurbitacin IIa: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4155-4170. [PMID: 33724593 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin IIa was first found in plants and it belongs to tetracyclo triterpenoids. It is one of the most important active components in cucurbitaceae plants. Studies have found that cucurbitacin IIa has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatitis B virus, inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication, and antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanisms, intracellular targets, and structure-activity relationships of cucurbitacin IIa remain to be completely elucidated. This review summarizes the current advances concerning the phytochemistry and pharmacology of cucurbitacin IIa. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and CNKI were used to find relevant information about cucurbitacin IIa using keywords such as "Cucurbitacin IIa," "Pharmacology," and "Phytochemistry." These pharmacological effects involve the actin cytoskeleton aggregation, the regulation of JAK2/STAT3, ERBB-MAPK, CaMKII α/CREB/BDNF signal pathways, as well as the regulation of survivin, caspases, and other cell cycles, apoptosis, autophagy-related cytokines, and kinases. It has high development and use value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jianyang, China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fu Zheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jianyang, China
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Alasalvar C, Chang SK, Bolling B, Oh WY, Shahidi F. Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2382-2427. [PMID: 33719194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeds play important roles in human nutrition and health since ancient time. The term "specialty" has recently been applied to seeds to describe high-value and/or uncommon food products. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to identify various classes of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in specialty seeds. This review discusses nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, polyphenols/bioactives, antioxidant activity, bioavailability, health benefits, and safety/toxicology of commonly consumed eight specialty seeds, namely, black cumin, chia, hemp, flax, perilla, pumpkin, quinoa, and sesame. Scientific results from the existing literature published over the last decade have been compiled and discussed. These specialty seeds, having numerous fat-soluble bioactives and polyphenols, together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been consumed. Hence, these specialty seeds can be considered as a valuable source of dietary supplements and functional foods due to their health-promoting bioactive components, polyphenols, and corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from these specialty seeds demonstrate bioavailability in humans with promising health benefits. Additional long-term and well-design human intervention trials are required to ascertain the health-promoting properties of these specialty seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Won Young Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
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Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Manzoor MF, Sarpong F, Wei W, Wang X. Gurum Seeds: A Potential Source of Edible Oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Gezira Wad Medani P.O.Box20 Sudan
| | - Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 People's Republic of China
- Value Addition Division Oil Palm Research Institute‐Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Kade BOX 74 Ghana
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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Razis AFA, Shehzad MM, Usman S, Ali NB, Iqbal SZ, Naheed N, Asi MR. Seasonal Variation in Aflatoxin Levels in Edible Seeds, Estimation of Its Dietary Intake and Vitamin E Levels in Southern Areas of Punjab, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8964. [PMID: 33276517 PMCID: PMC7730547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A total of 779 samples of edible nuts (melon seeds, watermelon seeds, pumpkin seeds, and cantaloupe seeds) from Southern Punjab (Pakistan), were collected during the summer and the winter seasons. The natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and vitamin E (tocopherols) levels were investigated using HPLC. The results have shown that 180 (43.4%) of samples from the winter season and 122 (33.4%) samples from the summer season were found positive for AFs. Elevated average levels of total AFs (20.9 ± 3.10 μg/kg, dry weight) were observed in watermelon seeds without shell, and the lowest average amount (15.9 ± 3.60 μg/kg) were documented in melon seeds without shell samples from the winter season. An elevated average amount of total AFs 17.3 ± 1.50 μg/kg was found in pumpkin seeds available without a shell. The results have documented a significant difference in total AFs levels in edible seeds available with shells versus without shells (α = 0.05 & 0.01). The highest dietary intake of 6.30 μg/kg/day was found in female individuals from consuming pumpkin seeds (without shell) in the winter season. A value of 3.00 μg/kg/day was found in pumpkin seed without shell in the summer season in female individuals. The highest total tocopherol levels were 22.2 ± 7.70 ng/100 g in pumpkin seeds samples from the winter season and 14.5 ± 5.50 mg/100 g in melon seed samples from the summer season. The variation of total tocopherol levels in edible seeds among the winter and summer seasons showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.0054), except watermelon seeds samples with non-significant differences (p ≥ 0.183).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammed Muzammel Shehzad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Sunusi Usman
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nada Basheir Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Shahzad Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nadia Naheed
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.M.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Muhammad Rafique Asi
- Food Toxicology Lab, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
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Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activity of Compounds in PC12 Cells from Sunflower Seeds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204748. [PMID: 33081156 PMCID: PMC7587564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current super-aging society, the establishment of methods for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an urgent task. One of the causes of AD is thought to be a decrease in the revel of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain. Compounds showing NGF-mimicking activity and NGF-enhancing activity have been examined as possible agents for improving symptoms. In the present study, sunflower seed extract was found to have neurite outgrowth-promoting activity, which is an NGF-enhancing activity, in PC12 cells. To investigate neurite outgrowth-promoting compounds from sunflower seed extract, bioassay-guided purification was carried out. The purified active fraction was obtained by liquid-liquid partition followed by some column chromatographies. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the purified active fraction indicated that the fraction was a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol, with β-sitosterol being the main component. Neurite outgrowth-promoting activities of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and cholesterol were evaluated in PC12 cells. β-Sitosterol and stigmasterol showed the strongest activity of the four sterol compounds (β-sitosterol ≈ stigmasterol > campesterol > cholesterol), and cholesterol did not show any activity. The results indicated that β-sitosterol was the major component responsible for the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of sunflower seeds. Results of immunostaining also showed that promotion by β-sitosterol of neurite formation induced by NGF was accompanied by neurofilament expression. β-Sitosterol, which showed NGF-enhancing activity, might be a candidate ingredient in food for prevention of AD.
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Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Haemostatic Studies of Preparations from Selected Vegetables from Cucurbitaceae Family. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184326. [PMID: 32967295 PMCID: PMC7570563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide detailed insight into the chemical composition and activity of five cucurbit vegetable preparations (pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, white and yellow pattypan squash), each containing various phytochemical compounds with potential use against oxidative stress induced by the hydroxyl radical donors in human plasma in vitro. We studied the antiradical capacity of vegetable preparations using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. As oxidative stress may induce changes in hemostasis, our aim included the determination of their effect on three selected hemostatic parameters of plasma, which are three coagulation times: PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) and TT (thrombin time). However, none of used vegetable preparations changed APTT, PT or TT compared to the control. The phytochemical composition of the tested preparations was determined by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. In our in vitro experiments, while all five tested preparations had antioxidant potential, the preparation from yellow pattypan squash showed the strongest potential. All cucurbit vegetable preparations inhibited lipid peroxidation. Only zucchini did not have an effect on protein carbonylation and only yellow pattypan squash inhibited thiol oxidation. The antioxidant activity of cucurbits appears to have triggered significant interest in multiple applications, including CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) associated with oxidative stress, which can be treated by supplementation based on these vegetables.
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Rolnik A, Olas B. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products: Positive effect on human health. Nutrition 2020; 78:110788. [PMID: 32540673 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family is a large group of crops with more than 800 species known worldwide. Vegetables from this family have been used for centuries, not only for consumption, but also for their medicinal value. The most characteristic cucurbits are pumpkin and cucumber, which are cultivated and consumed in many parts of the world. Seeds from cucurbits have many health benefits and are a popular snack. Cucurbit plants are rich in carotenoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phytochemicals. Vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family have a positive influence on human health, and various studies have clearly indicated that cucurbit vegetables have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and purgative properties. This mini review evaluates the current literature about vegetables from the Cucurbitaceae family and their products, in addition to their positive effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rolnik
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland
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Determination of sulfonylurea pesticide residues in edible seeds used as nutraceuticals by QuEChERS in combination with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1617:460831. [PMID: 31948722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a novel Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of sulfonylurea residues in edible seeds. The chromatographic separation of nine sulfonylureas was accomplished in less than 5.5 min, using a Luna Omega C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.6 µm). Mobile phase was supplied at 0.55 mL min-1 and consisted of 0.01% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid as eluent A and a mixture methanol/acetonitrile (80/20, v/v) as eluent B. Column temperature was established at 25 °C. A QuEChERS procedure was investigated as sample treatment for sulfonylureas extraction and sample clean-up. Different clean-up agents (i.e. PSA, Z-Sep+, EMR-Lipid and C18) were evaluated, selecting Z-Sep+ (25 mg) as the best option. The proposed method provided an extraction efficiency greater than 86.2%, while absolute matrix effect was lower than 50.1%. Matrix-matched calibration curves were required for analyte quantification. The analytical method was characterized according to SANTE/11813/2017 guideline, and including limits of detection and quantification, precision, and trueness. Linear dynamic ranges were established from 5 to 150 µg kg-1 for all analytes. Linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9974) and precision in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 14.7%) are reported. The reporting limit was established at 5 µg kg-1, which is above the limits of quantification of the proposed method (≤ 1.64 µg kg-1) and below the maximum residue levels currently established by European legislation. In general, trueness is within the range of 70-120%. Despite greater recoveries were obtained at the reporting limit (i.e. 120-138%), relative standard deviations lower than 20% were obtained at this concentration level, so fulfilling the requirements of SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. This work represents the first analytical method intended for the analysis of sulfonylureas in sunflower, pumpkin and chia seeds, which are complex matrices due to their high content of fat as well as of growing interest due to their current commercialization as nutraceuticals.
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Balbino S, Dorić M, Vidaković S, Kraljić K, Škevin D, Drakula S, Voučko B, Čukelj N, Obranović M, Ćurić D. Application of cryogenic grinding pretreatment to enhance extractability of bioactive molecules from pumpkin seed cake. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Balbino
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Dorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Silvija Vidaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Klara Kraljić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dubravka Škevin
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Saša Drakula
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Bojana Voučko
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikolina Čukelj
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marko Obranović
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Duška Ćurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Karrar E, Sheth S, Wei W, Wang X. Supercritical CO
2
extraction of gurum (
Citrulluslanatus var. Colocynthoide
) seed oil and its properties comparison with conventional methods. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan
| | - Sujitraj Sheth
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Brüschweiler BJ, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Glandorf B, Herman L, Penninks A, Arcella D, Liu Y, Maia J, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme l-ascorbate oxidase from Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05740. [PMID: 32626358 PMCID: PMC7009204 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme l-ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.10.3.3) is extracted from fruit peels of Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne by Nagase (Europa) GmbH. This enzyme is intended to be used in baking and cereal-based processes. Based on maximum use levels recommended for the respective food processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 5.950 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. This exposure is in the same order of magnitude for infants and toddlers; but for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly it is one order of magnitude higher than the exposure to the fraction of the fruit peels comparable to the food enzyme-TOS. The Panel, while recognising the order of magnitude of difference in the exposure estimates, considers that any realistic exposure derived from the use of the food enzyme would be considerably lower and likely to be within the range of exposure through a typical diet. The Panel agreed that the requirements for exclusion of toxicological data were met. Amino acid sequence similarity to known allergens was searched and no match was found. The Panel considered that the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, but are not expected to exceed the likelihood of the allergic reactions following consumption of pumpkin or zucchini per se, which is low. Based on the data provided and the origin of the food enzyme from edible parts of C. pepo L. and C. moschata Duchesne, the Panel considers that the food enzyme l-ascorbate oxidase does not raise safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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Massa TB, Stevanato N, Cardozo‐Filho L, da Silva C. Pumpkin (
Cucurbita maxima
) by‐products: Obtaining seed oil enriched with active compounds from the peel by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thainara Bovo Massa
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Puerto Rico Brazil
| | - Natália Stevanato
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Puerto Rico Brazil
| | | | - Camila da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Puerto Rico Brazil
- Departamento de TecnologiaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Umuarama Brazil
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Theochares B, Vohnoutka R, Boumil E, Shea TB. Beneficial and Deleterious Impact of a Nutritional Supplementation for Inhibition of Proliferation of Neuroblastoma in Culture. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1345-1354. [PMID: 31058554 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1604006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, primarily affects infants and children ≤10 yr of age. High-risk neuroblastoma is associated with low survival rates and increased risks of treatment-related side-effects. Therefore, effective treatments that increase survival and reduce adverse side-effects are crucial. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), a nutritional supplement shown to have potential as an alternative to chemotherapy, was investigated for potential impact on neuroblastoma alone and in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, (PAC). CucE and PAC each inhibited proliferation of murine neuroblastoma cells in culture. Combined treatment with CucE and PAC also induced morphological differentiation. However, both differentiation and antiproliferative effects were reversible. Consequently, while nutritional supplementation represents a potential therapeutic approach toward treatment of cancer, certain nutritional/chemotherapeutic combinations may induce transient rather than permanent effects. Transient inhibition of proliferation by nutritional supplementation could inadvertently protect carcinogenic cells from toxicity otherwise induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Combinatorial treatments involving nutritional supplements should therefore be utilized with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Theochares
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Rishel Vohnoutka
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Edward Boumil
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
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Chanda J, Biswas S, Kar A, Mukherjee PK. Determination of cucurbitacin E in some selected herbs of ayurvedic importance through RP-HPLC. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 11:287-293. [PMID: 30981623 PMCID: PMC7527799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of the fruits of cucurbitaceae plants is widely popular among Indians due to their various nutritional and medicinal purposes. Some of these plants are well reported in Ayurveda due to their potential therapeutic importance. In particular, the plants of this family are well-characterized by the presence of its bitter principle, Cucurbitacin E which differs within the species due to its genetic variations. Objectives The objective of the study was to develop a validated RP-HPLC method for standardization in some widely consumed cucurbits with cucurbitacin E as a marker compound. Materials and methods The RP-HPLC method was developed with a reverse phase C18 column, using acetonitrile and water (1% glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase (70:30 v/v). The flow rate and λmax were optimized at 1 mL/min and 230 nm respectively. The HPLC method was validated in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability as per ICH guideline. Results The calibration curve was found linear in the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL. The % RSD of precision and recovery was found to be <2%, which confirms high repeatability of the method. The results indicated that the content of cucurbitacin E was highest (0.0663% w/w) in Cucurbita pepo whereas Lagenaria siceraria contains the lowest (0.0356% w/w). Conclusion The study was able to explore the variation of cucurbitacin E content in some selected food plants of Cucurbitaceae family. The applicability of the method can be established in nutraceutical industry for the effective quality control of cucurbits for safe human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Chanda
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
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Karrar E, Sheth S, Navicha WB, Wei W, Hassanin H, Abdalla M, Wang X. A potential new source: Nutritional and antioxidant properties of edible oils from cucurbit seeds and their impact on human health. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12733. [PMID: 31353657 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Seeds from the cucurbitaceae plant family are discarded as the byproducts which generally obtained after extraction of oil during food processing. Recently, found a great deal of interest as cucurbit seeds are found to be rich source of nutrients such as monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols (α-Tocopherol, β-Tocopherol, δ-Tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), carotenoids, β-carotene, phytosterol, proteins, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. Despite the potential nutritional benefits, the commercial product of cucurbit plants are lacking in the market. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase production and utilization of cucurbit seed oil for human nutrition. The main purpose of the present review is to sum up the published information on the nutritional potential of cucurbit seed oils to promote industrial production and stimulates further research on commercial use of cucurbit seeds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The aims of this review are to highlight the nutritional values and antioxidant properties of cucurbit seed and their impact on the overall human health. These cucurbit seeds are rich source of vitamins and minerals which are necessary for healthy human diet. In addition to other commercial oils, cucurbits oils are equally important and rich in essential active ingredients. Quite abundance of cucurbit seeds in African continents can pave way to enhance production on the industrial scale which can create employability ranging from farmers to skilled workers. In all, the oil produced from the cucurbit seeds can be applied practically to implement large-scale production as a part of food industry and dietary supplement industry in paramedical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Sujitraj Sheth
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Willard Burton Navicha
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hinawi Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammed Abdalla
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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45
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Bioactive profile of pumpkin: an overview on terpenoids and their health-promoting properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Miano AC, Augusto PED. The Hydration of Grains: A Critical Review from Description of Phenomena to Process Improvements. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:352-370. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Claudio Miano
- Dept. of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition (LAN), Luiz de Queiroz Coll. of Agriculture (ESALQ); Univ. of São Paulo (USP); Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto
- Dept. of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition (LAN), Luiz de Queiroz Coll. of Agriculture (ESALQ); Univ. of São Paulo (USP); Piracicaba SP Brazil
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