1
|
Chen Q, Bonduelle SLB, Wu GR, Vanderhasselt MA, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Unraveling how the adolescent brain deals with criticism using dynamic causal modeling. Neuroimage 2024; 286:120510. [PMID: 38184159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to criticism, which can be defined as a negative evaluation that a person receives from someone else, is considered a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. They may be more vulnerable to social evaluation than adults and exhibit more inadequate emotion regulation strategies such as rumination. The neural network involved in dealing with criticism in adolescents may serve as a biomarker for vulnerability to depression. However, the directions of the functional interactions between the brain regions within this neural network in adolescents are still unclear. In this study, 64 healthy adolescents (aged 14 to 17 years) were asked to listen to a series of self-referential auditory segments, which included negative (critical), positive (praising), and neutral conditions, during fMRI scanning. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) with Parametric Empirical Bayesian (PEB) analysis was performed to map the interactions within the neural network that was engaged during the processing of these segments. Three regions were identified to form the interaction network: the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the right precuneus (preCUN). We quantified the modulatory effects of exposure to criticism and praise on the effective connectivity between these brain regions. Being criticized was found to significantly inhibit the effective connectivity from the preCUN to the DLPFC. Adolescents who scored high on the Perceived Criticism Measure (PCM) showed less inhibition of the preCUN-to-DLPFC connectivity when being criticized, which may indicate that they required more engagement of the Central Executive Network (which includes the DLPFC) to sufficiently disengage from negative self-referential processing. Furthermore, the inhibitory connectivity from the DLPFC to the pgACC was strengthened by exposure to praise as well as criticism, suggesting a recruitment of cognitive control over emotional responses when dealing with positive and negative evaluative feedback. Our novel findings contribute to a more profound understanding of how criticism affects the adolescent brain and can help to identify potential biomarkers for vulnerability to develop mood disorders before or during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sam Luc Bart Bonduelle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Mohamed Ali O, Daoust AR, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Children's neural reactivity to maternal praise and criticism: Associations with early depressive symptoms and maternal depression. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:12-27. [PMID: 36039979 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving experiences are implicated in children's depression risk; however, children's neural reactivity to positive and negative feedback from mothers, a potential mediator of depression risk, is poorly understood. In a sample of 81 children (Mage = 11.12 years, SDage = 0.63), some of whom were recruited based on a maternal history of depression (n = 29), we used fMRI to characterize children's neural responses to maternal praise and criticism. Maternal history of depression was unrelated to children's brain activity during both the praise and criticism conditions; however, ROI analyses showed that children's self-reported depressive symptoms were negatively associated with functional activity in the left anterior insula and right putamen while hearing maternal criticism. Whole-brain analyses showed that children's depressive symptoms were positively associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity while listening to maternal praise. These findings complement past work implicating these brain regions in the processing of emotionally salient stimuli, reward processing, and internal speech. Given associations between early depressive symptoms and later disorder, findings suggest that maladaptive neural processing of maternal feedback may contribute to children's early emerging risk for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R Daoust
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Room 3190, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed Ali O, Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Associations between childhood irritability and neural reactivity to maternal feedback in adolescence. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108645. [PMID: 37596151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Early irritability, a transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, is associated with alterations in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and reward; however, associations between childhood irritability and neural markers of risk may be mitigated by the quality of caregiving youth receive. We examined longitudinal relationships between irritability in childhood and young adolescents' neural activity of regions typically associated with emotion regulation and reward processing during processing of maternal feedback and tested whether these associations were moderated by youth's perceptions of the parent-child relationship quality. Eighty-one adolescents (Mage = 11.1 years) listened to maternal critical and praising feedback while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Age 3 irritability, assessed observationally, was negatively associated with age 11 neural reactivity to maternal criticism in a cluster in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), particularly for youths who reported more positive maternal parenting. Given the role of the dlPFC activation in the effortful processing of emotional stimuli, decreased activation may reflect disengagement from negatively valenced interpersonal feedback in the context of a positive caregiving environment, thereby mitigating psychopathology risk associated with irritability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Zhang Y, Lim LG, Cao W, Zhang W, Wan X, Fan L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Tian Z, Liu X, Pan X, Zheng Y, Pan R, Tan Y, Zhang Z, McIntyre RS, Li Z, Ho RCM, Tang TB. An fNIRS investigation of novel expressed emotion stimulations in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11141. [PMID: 37429942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Living in high expressed emotion (EE) environments tends to increase the relapse rate in schizophrenia (SZ). At present, the neural substrates responsible for high EE in SZ remain poorly understood. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be of great use to quantitatively assess cortical hemodynamics and elucidate the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we designed novel low- (positivity and warmth) and high-EE (criticism, negative emotion, and hostility) stimulations, in the form of audio, to investigate cortical hemodynamics. We used fNIRS to measure hemodynamic signals while participants listened to the recorded audio. Healthy controls (HCs, [Formula: see text]) showed increased hemodynamic activation in the major language centers across EE stimulations, with stronger activation in Wernicke's area during the processing of negative emotional language. Compared to HCs, people with SZ ([Formula: see text]) exhibited smaller hemodynamic activation in the major language centers across EE stimulations. In addition, people with SZ showed weaker or insignificant hemodynamic deactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex. Notably, hemodynamic activation in SZ was found to be negatively correlated with the negative syndrome scale score at high EE. Our findings suggest that the neural mechanisms in SZ are altered and disrupted, especially during negative emotional language processing. This supports the feasibility of using the designed EE stimulations to assess people who are vulnerable to high-EE environments, such as SZ. Furthermore, our findings provide preliminary evidence for future research on functional neuroimaging biomarkers for people with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lam Ghai Lim
- Department of Electrical and Robotics Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Weiqi Cao
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Huaibei Mental Health Center, Huaibei, China
| | | | - Lijun Fan
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Huaibei Mental Health Center, Huaibei, China
| | | | | | - Xiuzhi Pan
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Riyu Pan
- Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Yilin Tan
- Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | | | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhifei Li
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chou T, Deckersbach T, Dougherty DD, Hooley JM. The default mode network and rumination in individuals at risk for depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad032. [PMID: 37261927 PMCID: PMC10634292 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions active during rest and self-referential thinking. Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show increased or decreased DMN activity relative to controls. DMN activity has been linked to a tendency to ruminate in MDD. It is unclear if individuals who are at risk for, but who have no current or past history of depression, also show differential DMN activity associated with rumination. We investigated whether females with high levels of neuroticism with no current or lifetime mood or anxiety disorders (n = 25) show increased DMN activation, specifically when processing negative self-referential information, compared with females with average levels of neuroticism (n = 28). Participants heard criticism and praise during functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner. The at-risk group showed greater activation in two DMN regions, the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), after hearing criticism, but not praise (relative to females with average levels of neuroticism). Criticism-specific activation in the IPL was significantly correlated with rumination. Individuals at risk for depression may, therefore, have an underlying neurocognitive vulnerability to use a brain network typically involved in thinking about oneself to preferentially ruminate about negative, rather than positive, information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Department of Psychology, University of Applied
Sciences, Diploma Hochschule, Bad Sooden-Allendorf 37242, Germany
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang F, Liu W, Zheng Y, Liu C, Hu Y, Chen H, Tang X, Wei Y, Zhang T, Wang J, Guo Q, Li G, Liu X. Decreased hemodynamic response to fearful faces relative to neutral faces in the medial frontal cortex of first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:57-65. [PMID: 36682699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling disease with impaired recognition of emotional facial expressions. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, regarding the mechanism of emotional processing in MDD. Focusing on patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate whether MDD have characteristic patterns in cerebral activation under facial emotion recognition task (FERT). METHODS Thirty-five patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD and 39 healthy controls (HCs) underwent fNIRS measure to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic response in the frontal and temporal cortex during FERT. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report were applied to assess the symptoms of the patients. Cognitive functions were assessed using THINC-integrated tool. RESULTS Hypoactivation in the medial frontal was observed in patients with MDD during recognition of fearful faces relative to neutral faces (F-N faces). Specifically, we found more right lateralized activation in the medial frontal cortex among patients with MDD compared to HCs. Further, the medial frontal activation under the condition of F-N faces was positively correlated to scores of digit symbol substitution test, and negatively relative to severity of depressive symptoms in MDD group. LIMITATIONS Our study is cross-sectional designed, and has a relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS We found abnormal patterns in the medial frontal activation of patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD in recognition of F-N faces, which correlates with performance in cognitive function and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxu Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanqun Zheng
- Huashan Hospital, Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Caiping Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Guanjun Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Negative emotional reactions to criticism: Perceived criticism and source affects extent of hurt and relational distancing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271869. [PMID: 35939429 PMCID: PMC9359543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Criticism is commonly perceived as hurtful and individuals may respond differently to criticism originating from different sources. However, the influence of an individual’s perception of criticism in their social relationships on negative emotional reactions to criticism has not been examined across different relational contexts. The present study investigated the influence of perceived criticism and relational contexts–mother, father, romantic partner, and workplace supervisor–on the feelings of hurt and relational distancing experienced upon receiving criticism. Participants (N = 178) completed the Perceived Criticism Measure and read vignettes describing scenarios of personally directed criticism in the four relational contexts. Significant main effects of perceived criticism and source were found on levels of relational distancing. Participants who perceived their relational partner to be more critical experienced greater distancing upon receiving criticism from them. Greater relational distancing was experienced for criticism received from workplace supervisors compared to mothers, fathers and romantic partners. Results indicate that emotional reactions and relationship outcomes in response to criticism can differ based on individual differences and relational context, suggesting their role in relationship maintenance and development of psychopathology.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cosgrove KT, Kerr KL, Ratliff EL, Moore AJ, Misaki M, DeVille DC, Aupperle RL, Simmons WK, Bodurka J, Morris AS. Effects of Parent Emotion Socialization on the Neurobiology Underlying Adolescent Emotion Processing: A Multimethod fMRI Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:149-161. [PMID: 35113308 PMCID: PMC9262419 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Parents' emotion socialization (ES) practices impact socioemotional development throughout adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the neurobiology underlying these effects. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how parent ES practices relate to adolescent brain function during emotion processing. Thirty-three adolescents (ages 14-16) reported on ES practices of a focal parent (primarily mothers) using the Emotions as a Child (EAC) Scale. Adolescents also completed a conflict discussion task with this parent, and parents' statements were coded for emotional valence. Adolescents performed two fMRI tasks: a standard emotion processing (EP) task (n = 32) and the Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality (TEAM) task (n = 27). The EP task consisted of viewing emotional pictures and either reacting naturally or using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotional responses. The TEAM task was performed with the parent and included trials during which adolescents were shown that their parent made an error, costing the dyad $5. Parent negative verbalizations during the conflict discussion were associated with greater activity in the thalamus during the emotion reactivity condition of the EP task and in the thalamus, superior medial and superior frontal gyri, anterior insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. Unsupportive ES was associated with greater activity in the supplementary motor area and less activity in the paracentral gyrus and amygdala during the costly error condition of the TEAM task. This study supports the premise that ES influences adolescents' emotion-related neural processing, particularly when using ecologically valid tasks in social contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T Cosgrove
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Kara L Kerr
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Erin L Ratliff
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Andrew J Moore
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Danielle C DeVille
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- School of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
James KM, Foster CE, Tsypes A, Owens M, Gibb BE. Maternal criticism and children's neural responses to reward and loss. J Exp Child Psychol 2021; 211:105226. [PMID: 34252754 PMCID: PMC9887476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Parental criticism is linked to a number of detrimental child outcomes. One mechanism by which parental criticism may increase risk for negative outcomes in children is through children's neural responses to valenced information in the environment. The goal of the current study, therefore, was to examine the relation between maternal criticism and children's neural responses to monetary gains and losses. To represent daily environmental experiences of reward and punishment, we focused on reactivity to monetary gains versus losses in a guessing task. Participants were 202 children and their mothers recruited from the community. The average age of the children was 9.71 years (SD = 1.38, range = 7-11), with 52.0% of them male and 72.8% Caucasian. Mothers completed the Five Minute Speech Sample to assess expressed emotion-criticism, and of these dyads 51 mothers were rated as highly critical. In addition, children completed a simple guessing game during which electroencephalography was recorded. Children of critical mothers displayed less neural reactivity to both monetary gain and loss than children without critical mothers. Our results were at least partially independent of children's and mothers' current levels of internalizing psychopathology. These findings suggest that children exposed to maternal criticism may exhibit disruptions in adaptive responses to environmental experiences regardless of valence. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing expressed emotion-criticism may lead to changes in a child's reward responsiveness and risk for psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Owens
- University of South Florida, St. Petersburg
| | - Brandon E Gibb
- Binghamton University (State University of New York), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parents still matter! Parental warmth predicts adolescent brain function and anxiety and depressive symptoms 2 years later. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:226-239. [PMID: 32096757 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological disorder among youth, and even following treatment, it confers risk for anxiety relapse and the development of depression. Anxiety disorders are associated with heightened response to negative affective stimuli in the brain networks that underlie emotion processing. One factor that can attenuate the symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk youth is parental warmth. The current study investigates whether parental warmth helps to protect against future anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with histories of anxiety and whether neural functioning in the brain regions that are implicated in emotion processing and regulation can account for this link. Following treatment for anxiety disorder (Time 1), 30 adolescents (M age = 11.58, SD = 1.26) reported on maternal warmth, and 2 years later (Time 2) they participated in a functional neuroimaging task where they listened to prerecorded criticism and neutral statements from a parent. Higher maternal warmth predicted lower neural activation during criticism, compared with the response during neutral statements, in the left amygdala, bilateral insula, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC), right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Maternal warmth was associated with adolescents' anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the indirect effects of sgACC activation, suggesting that parenting may attenuate risk for internalizing through its effects on brain function.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sachs-Ericsson N, Carr D, Sheffler J, Preston TJ, Kiosses D, Hajcak G. Cognitive reappraisal and the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support among older adults. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:453-461. [PMID: 31876170 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1698516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an association between depression and diminished social support; indeed, interpersonal dysfunction is often a central feature of depression. The purpose of this study is to examine the role that an emotion regulation (ER) strategy, cognitive reappraisal, plays in influencing the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support in older adults. METHOD Data for this cross-sectional study come from a community-based survey of older adults (60+, N = 910). We examined the effects of depressive symptoms and cognitive reappraisal on perceived social support. We then examined the potential moderating role of cognitive reappraisal on the association between depressive symptoms and perceived social support. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of perceived social support. Cognitive reappraisal was associated with higher levels of perceived social support. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the negative consequences of depressive symptoms on perceived social support. Whereas depressive symptoms had a negative effect on perceived social support, the negative effect was greater for those with lower levels of cognitive reappraisal compared to those with higher levels of cognitive reappraisal. DISCUSSION ER strategies may play a role in attenuating the negative consequences of depressive symptoms on social support in older age. It may be possible to help individuals maintain social support in later life, even in the face of mental health challenges, if they cultivate ER skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J Preston
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Dimitris Kiosses
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goekoop R, de Kleijn R. How higher goals are constructed and collapse under stress: A hierarchical Bayesian control systems perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:257-285. [PMID: 33497783 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that organisms can be modeled as hierarchical Bayesian control systems with small world and information bottleneck (bow-tie) network structure. Such systems combine hierarchical perception with hierarchical goal setting and hierarchical action control. We argue that hierarchical Bayesian control systems produce deep hierarchies of goal states, from which it follows that organisms must have some form of 'highest goals'. For all organisms, these involve internal (self) models, external (social) models and overarching (normative) models. We show that goal hierarchies tend to decompose in a top-down manner under severe and prolonged levels of stress. This produces behavior that favors short-term and self-referential goals over long term, social and/or normative goals. The collapse of goal hierarchies is universally accompanied by an increase in entropy (disorder) in control systems that can serve as an early warning sign for tipping points (disease or death of the organism). In humans, learning goal hierarchies corresponds to personality development (maturation). The failure of goal hierarchies to mature properly corresponds to personality deficits. A top-down collapse of such hierarchies under stress is identified as a common factor in all forms of episodic mental disorders (psychopathology). The paper concludes by discussing ways of testing these hypotheses empirically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Goekoop
- Parnassia Group, PsyQ, Department of Anxiety Disorders, Early Detection and Intervention Team (EDIT), Netherlands.
| | - Roy de Kleijn
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adolescent girls' physiological reactivity to real-world peer feedback: A pilot study to validate a Peer Expressed Emotion task. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 204:105057. [PMID: 33360282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Peer feedback becomes highly salient during adolescence, especially for girls. The way in which adolescents react to social feedback is associated with psychosocial adjustment and mental health. Consequently, researchers are increasingly interested in understanding the physiological and neural underpinnings of adolescent response to feedback by simulating the experience of rejection and acceptance using computer-based paradigms. However, these paradigms typically use nonfamiliar peers and the facade of internet chatrooms or games to present artificial peer feedback. The current study piloted the use of a novel and potentially more ecologically valid peer expressed emotion paradigm in which participants listen to prerecorded clips of ostensible personalized feedback made by their close friend. Physiological data measuring autonomic nervous system response were collected as an index of emotional reactivity/arousal and cognitive-affective processing. Results show promising preliminary evidence validating the task for future use. Participants (N = 18 girls, aged 11-17 years) reported feeling more positive following praise, relative to critical and neutral feedback, and reported feeling more upset following criticism, relative to praise and neutral feedback. Girls exhibited greater pupillary dilation, skin conductance levels (N = 17), and/or heart rate (N = 17) while listening to affectively charged, peer feedback compared with neutral yet personally relevant statements. Girls also exhibited variable physiological response when listening to praising versus critical feedback. Findings from this pilot study validate the use of this novel Peer Expressed Emotion task for the investigation of adolescents' emotional and physiological reactivity in response to real-world peer evaluation. However, it is important to recognize that this study provides only preliminary findings and that future research is needed to replicate the results in larger samples.
Collapse
|
14
|
Neoh MJY, Azhari A, Mulatti C, Bornstein MH, Esposito G. Disapproval from romantic partners, friends and parents: Source of criticism regulates prefrontal cortex activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229316. [PMID: 33006966 PMCID: PMC7531840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of criticism in everyday social situations, and its empirically demonstrated association with psychopathology, highlight the importance of understanding neural mechanisms underlying the perception and response of individuals to criticism. However, neuroimaging studies to date have been limited largely to maternal criticism. The present study aims to investigate neural responses to observing criticism occurring in the context of three different relationship types: romantic partners, friends, and parents-from a third-party perspective. 49 participants were recruited and asked to rate the perceived criticism for these relationships. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in oxygenated haemoglobin levels in the prefrontal cortex when participants read vignettes describing three different scenarios of criticism. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups where the given description of the relationship of the protagonist to the source of criticism for each vignette was randomised. A significant interaction between relationship type and perceived criticism ratings for mothers was found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Compared to low perceived criticism, high perceived criticism individuals showed increased activation reading vignettes describing criticism from romantic partners and parents but decreased activation for those from friends. Findings contribute to understanding neural responses to criticism as observed from a third-party perspective. Future studies can look into differentiating neural responses of personalised experiences of criticism and third-party observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudio Mulatti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, Untied States of America
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sahib AK, Loureiro JR, Vasavada MM, Kubicki A, Wade B, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Congdon E, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Modulation of inhibitory control networks relate to clinical response following ketamine therapy in major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32732915 PMCID: PMC7393172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine is found to induce fast-acting and pronounced antidepressant effects, even in treatment resistant depression (TRD). However, it remains unclear how ketamine modulates neural function at the brain systems-level to regulate emotion and behavior. Here, we examined treatment-related changes in the inhibitory control network after single and repeated ketamine therapy in TRD. Forty-seven TRD patients (mean age = 38, 19 women) and 32 healthy controls (mean age = 35, 18 women) performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response inhibition task at baseline, and 37 patients completed the fMRI task and symptom scales again 24 h after receiving both one and four 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketamine infusions. Analyses of fMRI data addressed effects of diagnosis, time, and differences between treatment remitters and non-remitters. Significant decreases in brain activation were observed in the inhibitory control network, including in prefrontal and parietal regions, and visual cortex following serial ketamine treatment, p < 0.05 corrected. Remitters were distinguished from non-remitters by having lower functional activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA) prior to treatment, which normalized towards controls following serial ketamine treatment. Results suggest that ketamine treatment leads to neurofunctional plasticity in executive control networks including the SMA during a response-inhibitory task. SMA changes relate to reductions in depressive symptoms, suggesting modulation of this network play an important role in therapeutic response. In addition, early changes in the SMA network during response inhibition appear predictive of overall treatment outcome, and may serve as a biomarker of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Sahib
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joana Ra Loureiro
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megha M Vasavada
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Transcranial direct current stimulation of default mode network parietal nodes decreases negative mind-wandering about the past. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019; 44:10-20. [PMID: 33456096 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mind-wandering is a cognitive process in which people spontaneously have thoughts that are unrelated to their current activities. The types of mind-wandering thoughts that people have when affected by a negative mood resemble thoughts associated with mood disorders (e.g., negative thoughts about the past). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of noninvasive brain stimulation that can modulate cognition and affect in healthy and clinical populations. Ninety participants received either excitatory, inhibitory, or sham tDCS to bilateral inferior parietal lobe (IPL) nodes of the default mode network (DMN) to assess changes in maladaptive mind-wandering following criticism. tDCS did not change mind-wandering frequency after hearing criticism, but it did change what people mind-wandered about. Specifically, cathodal stimulation decreased the frequency of negative mind-wandering thoughts about the past. Future studies could investigate tDCS of DMN regions as an intervention for patients with mood disorders who suffer from negative, past-oriented cognitions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sequeira SL, Butterfield RD, Silk JS, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD. Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:222. [PMID: 31607874 PMCID: PMC6773803 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative relationships with parents and peers are considered risk factors for depression in adolescence, yet not all adolescents perceiving negative social relationships develop depression. In line with neurobiological susceptibility to social context models, we examined how individual differences in neural processing of parental praise, a unique form of social reward, might explain variability in susceptibility to perceived maternal acceptance and peer victimization. During neuroimaging, 38 11- to 17-year-olds with a history of anxiety listened to audio clips of a parent (predominately mothers) providing personalized praise and neutral statements. Average activation during parental praise clips relative to neutral clips was extracted from several anatomically-defined reward-related regions-of-interest (ROIs): the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and insula. Moderation models included direct effects and interactions between neural activation to social reward, peer victimization, and maternal acceptance at the time of scanning on depressive symptoms 1 year later. Results showed a significant three-way interaction for the bilateral caudate such that peer victimization was associated with depressive symptoms only for individuals with higher caudate response to praise who perceived maternal acceptance as low. Consistent with neurobiological susceptibility to social context models, caudate activation to social reward could represent a neural marker that helps explain variability in adolescent sensitivity to social contexts. High caudate activation to praise could reflect a history of negative experiences with parents and/or peers that places youth at greater risk for depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that interactions between neural response to reward and salient social contexts may help us understand changes in depressive symptoms during a period of development marked by significant biopsychosocial change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Sequeira
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neural predictors of treatment response to brain stimulation and psychological therapy in depression: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1613-1622. [PMID: 31039579 PMCID: PMC6784995 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Standard depression treatments, including antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), are ineffective for many patients. Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as an alternative treatment, but has shown inconsistent efficacy for depression, and its mechanisms are poorly understood. We recruited unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (N = 71 approached; N = 39 randomised) for a mechanistic, double-blind, randomized controlled trial consisting of eight weekly sessions of prefrontal tDCS administered to the left prefrontal cortex prior to CBT. We probed (1) whether tDCS improved the efficacy of CBT relative to sham stimulation; and (2) whether neural measures predicted clinical response. We found a modest and non-significant effect of tDCS on clinical outcome over and above CBT (active: 50%; sham: 31.6%; odds ratio: 2.16, 95% CI = 0.59-7.99), but a strong relationship, predicted a priori, between baseline activation during a working memory task in the stimulated prefrontal region and symptom improvement. Repeating our analyses of symptom outcome splitting the sample according to this biomarker revealed that tDCS was significantly superior to sham in individuals with high left prefrontal cortex activation at baseline; we also show 86% accuracy in predicting clinical response using this measure. Exploratory analyses revealed several other regions where activation at baseline was associated with subsequent response to CBT, irrespective of tDCS. This mechanistic trial revealed variable, but predictable, clinical effects of prefrontal tDCS combined with CBT for depression. We have discovered a potential explanation for this variability: individual differences in baseline activation of the region stimulated. Such a biomarker could potentially be used to pre-select patients for trials and, eventually, in the clinic.
Collapse
|
19
|
Peng M, Wu S, Shi Z, Jiang K, Shen Y, Dedovic K, Yang J. Brain regions in response to character feedback associated with the state self-esteem. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107734. [PMID: 31352028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research on the Sociometer theory of self-esteem have demonstrated that manipulations of interpersonal appraisal reliably influence an individual's state self-esteem and that state levels of self-esteem correlate very highly with perceived acceptance and rejection. However, how social feedback from different sources (e.g., appearance vs. character) affect the state self-esteem and its neural underpinnings have not been explored. To address this, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing either appearance-related feedback words or character-related feedback words, and for each feedback word, they were asked to rate their state self-esteem. Results showed that participants reported a higher state self-esteem following character feedback, irrespective of valence, than that following appearance feedback. Moreover, fMRI results demonstrated that the left caudate tail was more activated in response to positive character feedback and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and precuneus were more activated in response to negative character feedback than in response to appearance feedback. Moreover, activation of the left caudate tail was significantly correlated with the difference in participant's reported state self-esteem scores after receiving positive character feedback versus that after receiving positive appearance feedback. Further, activation of the LPFC was significantly correlated with a difference in participant's reported state self-esteem scores after receiving negative character feedback versus that after receiving negative appearance feedback. These findings suggest a reward-related mechanism when processing positive social feedback and a self-critical processing when processing the negative social feedback on an important aspect of self-concept (e.g., character-related).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shi Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Katarina Dedovic
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Social and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shapero BG, Chai XJ, Vangel M, Biederman J, Hoover CS, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JDE, Hirshfeld-Becker DR. Neural markers of depression risk predict the onset of depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:31-39. [PMID: 30716688 PMCID: PMC6426125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although research highlights neural correlates of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), it is unclear whether these correlates reflect the state of depression or a pre-existing risk factor. The current study examined whether baseline differences in brain activations, resting-state connectivity, and brain structural differences between non-symptomatic children at high- and low-risk for MDD based on familial depression prospectively predict the onset of a depressive episode or increases in depressive symptomatology. We re-assessed 44 participants (28 high-risk; 16 low-risk) who had undergone neuroimaging in a previous study 3-4 years earlier (Mean age at follow-up = 14.3 years, SD = 1.9 years; 45% females; 70% Caucasian). We investigated whether baseline brain imaging data (including an emotional face match task fMRI, resting-state fMRI and structural MRI) that differentiated the risk groups also predicted the onset of depression. Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in the default mode and cognitive control network that differentiated high-risk from low-risk youth at baseline predicted the onset of MDD during adolescence, after taking risk status into account. Increased functional activation to both happy and fearful faces was associated with greater decreases in self-reported depression symptoms at follow-up. This preliminary evidence could be used to identify youth at-risk for depression and inform early intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Shapero
- Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Xiaoqian J Chai
- Division of Cognitive Neurology / Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mark Vangel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02114, USA
| | - Christian S Hoover
- Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dina R Hirshfeld-Becker
- Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kopala‐Sibley DC, Zuroff DC. The self and depression: Four psychological theories and their potential neural correlates. J Pers 2019; 88:14-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Kopala‐Sibley
- Department of Psychiatry Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - David C. Zuroff
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Social brain, social dysfunction and social withdrawal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:10-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Dedoncker J, Vanderhasselt MA, Remue J, De Witte S, Wu GR, Hooley JM, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Prefrontal TDCS attenuates medial prefrontal connectivity upon being criticized in individuals scoring high on perceived criticism. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Silk JS, Lee KH, Elliott RD, Hooley JM, Dahl RE, Barber A, Siegle GJ. 'Mom-I don't want to hear it': Brain response to maternal praise and criticism in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:729-738. [PMID: 28338795 PMCID: PMC5460041 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has implicated altered neural response to interpersonal feedback as an important factor in adolescent depression, with existing studies focusing on responses to feedback from virtual peers. We investigated whether depressed adolescents differed from healthy youth in neural response to social evaluative feedback from mothers. During neuroimaging, twenty adolescents in a current episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 28 healthy controls listened to previously recorded audio clips of their own mothers’ praise, criticism and neutral comments. Whole-brain voxelwise analyses revealed that MDD youth, unlike controls, exhibited increased neural response to critical relative to neutral clips in the parahippocampal gyrus, an area involved in episodic memory encoding and retrieval. Depressed adolescents also showed a blunted response to maternal praise clips relative to neutral clips in the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as areas involved in reward and self-referential processing (i.e. ventromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and thalamus/caudate). Findings suggest that maternal criticism may be more strongly encoded or more strongly activated during memory retrieval related to previous autobiographical instances of negative feedback from mothers in depressed youth compared to healthy youth. Furthermore, depressed adolescents may fail to process the reward value and self-relevance of maternal praise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anita Barber
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Engen H, Kanske P, Singer T. Endogenous emotion generation ability is associated with the capacity to form multimodal internal representations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1953. [PMID: 29386570 PMCID: PMC5792544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Training the capacity to self-generate emotions can be a potent "vaccine" against negative stressors and be an effective intervention for affective psychopathology. However, due to a lack of knowledge about sources of individual differences in generation abilities, it is unclear how to optimally design such interventions. We investigated one potential source of variation, namely preference for using different information modalities (Visual Imagery, Auditory Imagery, Bodily Interoception, and Semantic Analysis). A representative sample of 293 participants self-induced positive and negative emotional states, freely choosing to use these modalities singly or in combination. No evidence was found for modality usage being associated with differential efficacy at generating of positive or negative emotion. Rather, usage of all modalities (except Auditory Imagery) predicted success at generation of both positive and negative emotional states. Increasing age predicted capacity to generate, especially negative, emotions. While no specific combinations of modalities were superior, the overall degree to which participants adopted multimodal implementations did predict generation efficacy. These findings inform interventions aimed at improving emotional self-generation, suggesting these must be mindful of individual differences in generation abilities and implementation tendencies, and that they should focus on enhancing the capacity to use multiple modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haakon Engen
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nook EC, Dodell-Feder D, Germine LT, Hooley JM, DeLisi LE, Hooker CI. Weak dorsolateral prefrontal response to social criticism predicts worsened mood and symptoms following social conflict in people at familial risk for schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:40-50. [PMID: 29876244 PMCID: PMC5987702 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the specific mechanisms that explain why people who have relatives with schizophrenia (i.e., people at familial high risk; FHR) are more likely to develop the disorder is crucial for prevention. We investigated a diathesis-stress model of familial risk by testing whether FHR individuals under-recruit brain regions central to emotion regulation when exposed to social conflict, resulting in worse mood and symptoms following conflict. FHR and non-FHR participants listened to critical, neutral, and praising comments in an fMRI scanner before completing 4 weeks of daily-diary records. Compared to non-FHR individuals, FHR individuals under-recruited the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-a region strongly implicated in cognitive emotion regulation-following criticism. Furthermore, within FHR participants, weak DLPFC response to criticism in the laboratory task was associated with elevated negative mood and positive symptoms on days with distressing social conflicts in daily-diary assessments. Results extend diathesis-stress models of schizophrenia by clarifying neural and environmental pathways to dysregulation in FHR individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
| | | | - Laura T Germine
- Institute for Technology in Society, McLean Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA; Boston VA Medical Center, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schubiner H. Emotional Awareness for Pain. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
De Raedt R, Remue J, Loeys T, Hooley JM, Baeken C. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex on implicit self-esteem is mediated by rumination after criticism. Behav Res Ther 2017; 99:138-146. [PMID: 29101842 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a crucial link between cognitive (i.e., self-schemas) and biological vulnerability is prefrontal control. This is because decreased control leads to impaired ability to inhibit ruminative thinking after the activation of negative self-schemas. However, current evidence is mainly correlational. In the current experimental study we tested whether the effect of neurostimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on self-esteem is mediated by momentary ruminative self-referential thinking (MRST) after the induction of negative self-schemas by criticism. We used a single, sham-controlled crossover session of anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) applied to the left DLPFC (cathode over the right supraorbital region) in healthy female individuals. After receiving tDCS/sham stimulation, we measured MRST and exposed the participants to critical audio scripts, followed by another MRST measurement. Subsequently, all participants completed two Implicit Relational Assessment Procedures to implicitly measure actual and ideal self-esteem. Our behavioral data indicated a significant decrease in MRST after real but not sham tDCS. Moreover, although there was no immediate effect of tDCS on implicit self-esteem, an indirect effect was found through double mediation, with the difference in MRST from baseline to after stimulation and from baseline to after criticism as our two mediators. The larger the decrease of criticism induced MRST after real tDCS, the higher the level of actual self-esteem. Our results show that tDCS can influence cognitive processes such as rumination, and subsequently self-esteem, but only after the activation of negative self-schemas. Rumination and negative self-esteem characterize different forms of psychopathology, and these data expand our knowledge of the role of the prefrontal cortex in controlling these self-referential processes, and the mechanisms of action of tDCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan Remue
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Loeys
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Starr LR, Hershenberg R. Depressive Symptoms and the Anticipation and Experience of Uplifting Events in Everyday Life. J Clin Psychol 2017; 73:1442-1461. [PMID: 28301046 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite proliferation of laboratory-based studies examining reward functioning in depression, few studies have examined these processes in everyday life. We addressed this shortcoming by exploring experience and anticipation of uplifting experiences under ecologically valid conditions METHOD: One hundred fifty-seven young adults, oversampled for depressive symptoms, completed a 14-day diary tracking mood in relation to recent and anticipated positive events RESULTS: Consistent with studies supporting "mood-brightening" effects in depression, participants with greater baseline dysphoria showed stronger associations between elevated daily uplifts and lower daily depressive symptoms, particularly when events were interpersonal in nature. Baseline dysphoria was associated with lower daily anticipation of positive next-day experiences; however, when dysphoric individuals did anticipate positive experiences, they experienced greater reductions in depressed mood CONCLUSION: Results suggest that despite reward processing deficits found in laboratory studies, dysphoric individuals show improvements in mood in conjunction with anticipation and consumption of uplifting events in daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Hershenberg
- Emory University.,Philadelphia VA Medical Center.,University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Altered Intrinsic Functional Brain Architecture in Children at Familial Risk of Major Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:849-858. [PMID: 26826874 PMCID: PMC4956583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies of patients with major depression have revealed abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity measured during the resting state in multiple distributed networks. However, it is unclear whether these findings reflect the state of major depression or reflect trait neurobiological underpinnings of risk for major depression. METHODS We compared resting-state functional connectivity, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, between unaffected children of parents who had documented histories of major depression (at-risk, n = 27; 8-14 years of age) and age-matched children of parents with no lifetime history of depression (control subjects, n = 16). RESULTS At-risk children exhibited hyperconnectivity between the default mode network and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex/orbital frontal cortex, and the magnitude of connectivity positively correlated with individual symptom scores. At-risk children also exhibited 1) hypoconnectivity within the cognitive control network, which also lacked the typical anticorrelation with the default mode network; 2) hypoconnectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; and 3) hyperconnectivity between the right amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus, a key region for top-down modulation of emotion. Classification between at-risk children and control subjects based on resting-state connectivity yielded high accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity that was superior to clinical rating scales. CONCLUSIONS Children at familial risk for depression exhibited atypical functional connectivity in the default mode, cognitive control, and affective networks. Such task-independent functional brain measures of risk for depression in children could be used to promote early intervention to reduce the likelihood of developing depression.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pupillary and affective responses to maternal feedback and the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:1089-1104. [PMID: 27779091 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Etiological models propose that a biological vulnerability to emotional reactivity plays an important role in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the physiological and phenomenological components of emotional reactivity that predict the course of BPD symptoms in adolescence are poorly understood. This prospective study examines pupillary and affective responses to maternal feedback as predictors of BPD symptom development in adolescent girls over 18 months. Fifty-seven 16-year-old girls completed a laboratory task in which they heard recorded clips of their own mothers making critical or praising statements about them, as well as neutral statements that did not pertain to them. Changes in girls' pupil dilation and subjective affect were assessed throughout the task. The results demonstrated that greater pupillary response to maternal criticism predicted increases in BPD symptoms over time. In addition, greater pupillary and positive affective responses to maternal praise were associated with higher BPD symptoms at age 16 and faster decreases in BPD symptoms over time, but only among girls who heard clips that were rated by independent observers as less praising. The results suggest that emotional reactivity can serve as either a risk or a protective factor depending on context, with differential effects of reactivity to criticism versus praise.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shahar G. Criticism in the Self, Brain, Relationships, and Social Structure: Implications for Psychodynamic Psychiatry. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2016; 44:395-421. [PMID: 27603804 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2016.44.3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golan Shahar
- The Stress, Self, and Health Lab (STREALTH), Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Analysis of glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG in major depression patients using PET imaging: Correlation of salivary cortisol and α-amylase. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Social functioning in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:313-32. [PMID: 27395342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with social risk factors, social impairments and poor social functioning. This paper gives an overview of these social aspects using the NIMH Research and Domain Criteria 'Systems for Social Processes' as a framework. In particular, it describes the bio-psycho-social interplay regarding impaired affiliation and attachment (social anhedonia, hyper-sensitivity to social rejection, competition avoidance, increased altruistic punishment), impaired social communication (impaired emotion recognition, diminished cooperativeness), impaired social perception (reduced empathy, theory-of-mind deficits) and their impact on social networks and the use of social media. It describes these dysfunctional social processes at the behavioural, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and genetic levels, and with respect to animal models of social stress. We discuss the diagnostic specificity of these social deficit constructs for depression and in relation to depression severity. Since social factors are importantly involved in the pathogenesis and the consequences of depression, such research will likely contribute to better diagnostic assessments and concepts, treatments and preventative strategies both at the diagnostic and transdiagnostic level.
Collapse
|
35
|
Miklowitz DJ. The Role of the Family in the Course and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016; 16:192-196. [PMID: 18185847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly recurrent and debilitating illness. Research has implicated the role of psychosocial stressors, including high expressed-emotion (EE) attitudes among family members, in the relapse-remission course of the disorder. This article explores the developmental pathways by which EE attitudes originate and predict relapses of bipolar disorder. Levels of EE are correlated with the illness attributions of caregivers and bidirectional patterns of interaction between caregivers and patients during the postepisode period. Although the primary treatments for bipolar disorder are pharmacological, adjunctive psychosocial interventions have additive effects in relapse prevention. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that the combination of family-focused therapy (FFT) and pharmacotherapy delays relapses and reduces symptom severity among patients followed over the course of 1 to 2 years. The effectiveness of FFT in delaying recurrences among adolescents with bipolar disorder and in delaying the initial onset of the illness among at-risk children is currently being investigated.
Collapse
|
36
|
Aupperle RL, Morris AS, Silk JS, Criss MM, Judah MR, Eagleton SG, Kirlic N, Byrd-Craven J, Phillips R, Alvarez RP. Neural responses to maternal praise and criticism: Relationship to depression and anxiety symptoms in high-risk adolescent girls. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:548-554. [PMID: 27158587 PMCID: PMC4845388 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The parent-child relationship may be an important factor in the development of adolescent depressive and anxious symptoms. In adults, depressive symptoms relate to increased amygdala and attenuated prefrontal activation to maternal criticism. The current pilot study examined how depressive and anxiety symptoms in a high-risk adolescent population relate to neural responses to maternal feedback. Given previous research relating oxytocin to maternal behavior, we conducted exploratory analyses using oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genotype. Methods Eighteen females (ages 12–16) listened to maternal praise, neutral, and critical statements during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants completed the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The OXTR single nucleotide polymorphism, rs53576, was genotyped. Linear mixed models were used to identify symptom or allele (GG, AA/AG) by condition (critical, neutral, praise) interaction effects on brain activation. Results Greater symptoms related to greater right amygdala activation for criticism and reduced activation to praise. For left amygdala, greater symptoms related to reduced activation to both conditions. Anxiety symptoms related to differences in superior medial PFC activation patterns. Parental OXTR AA/AG allele related to reduced activation to criticism and greater activation to praise within the right amygdala. Conclusions Results support a relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and prefrontal-amygdala responses to maternal feedback. The lateralization of amygdala findings suggests separate neural targets for interventions reducing reactivity to negative feedback or increasing salience of positive feedback. Exploratory analyses suggest that parents' OXTR genetic profile influences parent-child interactions and related adolescent brain responses. Adolescent brain responses to maternal praise and criticism were examined. Anxiety related to prefrontal-amygdala response to both criticism and praise. Exploratory results support a role for the OXTR gene in parent-child interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, United States; School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK 74104, United States.
| | - Amanda S Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106, United States
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Michael M Criss
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106, United States; Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106, United States
| | - Matt R Judah
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 N. Murray Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Sally G Eagleton
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106, United States; Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106, United States
| | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK 74104, United States
| | - Jennifer Byrd-Craven
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 N. Murray Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Raquel Phillips
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, United States
| | - Ruben P Alvarez
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, United States; School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK 74104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gradin VB, Pérez A, Macfarlane JA, Cavin I, Waiter G, Tone EB, Dritschel B, Maiche A, Steele JD. Neural correlates of social exchanges during the Prisoner's Dilemma game in depression. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1289-1300. [PMID: 26763141 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a disabling disorder that significantly impacts on the interpersonal functioning of individuals. However, little is known about the neural substrates of such difficulties. In the last few years neuroeconomics, which combines imaging with multiplayer behavioural economic paradigms, has been used to study the neural substrates of normal and abnormal interpersonal interactions. METHOD This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity in unmedicated depressed participants (n = 25) and matched healthy controls (n = 25). During scanning, participants played a behavioural economic game, the Prisoner's Dilemma. In this game, the participant and a co-player independently choose either to cooperate or not cooperate with each other. RESULTS Depressed participants reported higher levels of negative feelings (betrayal, guilt) during the game than did controls. Neural activation was compared between 'imbalanced' events [when one of the players cooperated and the other defected ('CD' and 'DC')] and 'draw' events [when both players either cooperated or defected ('CC' and 'DD')]. Participants preferentially activated the anterior insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region implicated in cognitive control and regulation of emotions. Importantly, compared to controls depressed participants showed reduced activation in the left DLPFC, with the extent of signal reduction correlating with increased self-report feelings of guilt associated with DC outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that depression is associated with reduced activation of the DLPFC during social events that involve unreciprocated cooperation. This abnormality may underlie anomalies in cognitive control and top-down regulation of emotions during challenging social exchanges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Gradin
- Faculty of Psychology,CIBPsi, Universidad de la República,Montevideo,Uruguay
| | - A Pérez
- Faculty of Psychology,CIBPsi, Universidad de la República,Montevideo,Uruguay
| | - J A Macfarlane
- Medical Physics,NHS Tayside,University of Dundee,Dundee,UK
| | - I Cavin
- Medical Physics,NHS Tayside,University of Dundee,Dundee,UK
| | - G Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre,University of Aberdeen,Aberdeen,UK
| | - E B Tone
- Department of Psychology,Georgia State University,Atlanta, GA,USA
| | - B Dritschel
- Department of Psychology,University of St Andrews,Fife,UK
| | - A Maiche
- Faculty of Psychology,CIBPsi, Universidad de la República,Montevideo,Uruguay
| | - J D Steele
- School of Medicine (Neuroscience),University of Dundee,Ninewells Hospital and Medical School,Dundee,UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
De Raedt R, Hooley JM. The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Mocking RJT, Figueroa CA, Rive MM, Geugies H, Servaas MN, Assies J, Koeter MWJ, Vaz FM, Wichers M, van Straalen JP, de Raedt R, Bockting CLH, Harmer CJ, Schene AH, Ruhé HG. Vulnerability for new episodes in recurrent major depressive disorder: protocol for the longitudinal DELTA-neuroimaging cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009510. [PMID: 26932139 PMCID: PMC4785288 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely prevalent and severely disabling, mainly due to its recurrent nature. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MDD-recurrence may help to identify high-risk patients and to improve the preventive treatment they need. MDD-recurrence has been considered from various levels of perspective including symptomatology, affective neuropsychology, brain circuitry and endocrinology/metabolism. However, MDD-recurrence understanding is limited, because these perspectives have been studied mainly in isolation, cross-sectionally in depressed patients. Therefore, we aim at improving MDD-recurrence understanding by studying these four selected perspectives in combination and prospectively during remission. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a cohort design, we will include 60 remitted, unipolar, unmedicated, recurrent MDD-participants (35-65 years) with ≥ 2 MDD-episodes. At baseline, we will compare the MDD-participants with 40 matched controls. Subsequently, we will follow-up the MDD-participants for 2.5 years while monitoring recurrences. We will invite participants with a recurrence to repeat baseline measurements, together with matched remitted MDD-participants. Measurements include questionnaires, sad mood-induction, lifestyle/diet, 3 T structural (T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging) and blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) and MR-spectroscopy. fMRI focusses on resting state, reward/aversive-related learning and emotion regulation. With affective neuropsychological tasks we will test emotional processing. Moreover, we will assess endocrinology (salivary hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate) and metabolism (metabolomics including polyunsaturated fatty acids), and store blood for, for example, inflammation analyses, genomics and proteomics. Finally, we will perform repeated momentary daily assessments using experience sampling methods at baseline. We will integrate measures to test: (1) differences between MDD-participants and controls; (2) associations of baseline measures with retro/prospective recurrence-rates; and (3) repeated measures changes during follow-up recurrence. This data set will allow us to study different predictors of recurrence in combination. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The local ethics committee approved this study (AMC-METC-Nr.:11/050). We will submit results for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at (inter)national scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR3768.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Rive
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Geugies
- University of Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle N Servaas
- University of Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Assies
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W J Koeter
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Disease, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University of Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P van Straalen
- Laboratory of General Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi de Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peris TS, Miklowitz DJ. Parental Expressed Emotion and Youth Psychopathology: New Directions for an Old Construct. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:863-73. [PMID: 25552241 PMCID: PMC4618702 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Levels of parental expressed emotion (EE) are prospectively associated with the symptomatic course of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the literature linking parental EE to youth psychopathology and proposes a novel framework for understanding its mechanisms of action. We find that, despite noteworthy methodological limitations, parental EE is linked consistently to a more deleterious course of mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders in youth. Its mechanism of action is unknown. Models of "toxic family stress" (referring to frequent, sustained, and uncontrollable stress without protective influences) provide one framework for understanding how high EE environments interact with individual biological vulnerabilities to promote illness onset and recurrence. Research aimed at understanding biological responses (e.g., stress reactivity, arousal) to familial EE is needed. Such work may inform efforts to understand how EE affects the course of psychiatric disorders and may guide the development of novel interventions emphasizing emotion regulation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Peris
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Rm. 67-439, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - David J Miklowitz
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Rm. 67-439, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cacioppo JT, Amaral DG, Blanchard JJ, Cameron JL, Carter CS, Crews D, Fiske S, Heatherton T, Johnson MK, Kozak MJ, Levenson RW, Lord C, Miller EK, Ochsner K, Raichle ME, Shea MT, Taylor SE, Young LJ, Quinn KJ. Social Neuroscience: Progress and Implications for Mental Health. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 2:99-123. [PMID: 26151956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Social neuroscience is a new, interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding how biological systems implement social processes and behavior. Social neuroscience capitalizes on biological concepts and methods to inform and refine theories of social behavior, and it uses social and behavioral constructs and data to inform and refine theories of neural organization and function. We focus here on the progress and potential of social neuroscience in the area of mental health. Research in social neuroscience has grown dramatically in recent years. Among the most active areas of research we found are brain-imaging studies in normal children and adults; animal models of social behavior; studies of stroke patients; imaging studies of psychiatric patients; and research on social determinants of peripheral neural, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes. We also found that these areas of research are proceeding along largely independent trajectories. Our goals in this article are to review the development of this field, examine some currently promising approaches, identify obstacles and opportunities for future advances and integration, and consider how this research can inform work on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kaiser RH, Andrews-Hanna JR, Metcalf CA, Dimidjian S. Dwell or Decenter? Rumination and Decentering Predict Working Memory Updating After Interpersonal Criticism. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
43
|
Hamilton JP, Chen MC, Waugh CE, Joormann J, Gotlib IH. Distinctive and common neural underpinnings of major depression, social anxiety, and their comorbidity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:552-60. [PMID: 25038225 PMCID: PMC4381237 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing neural commonalities and differences among depression, anxiety and their comorbidity is critical in developing a more integrative clinical neuroscience and in evaluating currently debated categorical vs dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification. Therefore, in this study, we sought to identify patterns of anomalous neural responding to criticism and praise that are specific to and common among major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and comorbid MDD-SAD. Adult females who met formal diagnostic criteria for MDD, SAD or MDD-SAD and psychiatrically healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging as they listened to statements directing praise or criticism at them or at another person. MDD groups showed reduced responding to praise across a distributed cortical network, an effect potentially mediated by thalamic nuclei undergirding arousal-mediated attention. SAD groups showed heightened anterior insula and decreased default-mode network response to criticism. The MDD-SAD group uniquely showed reduced responding to praise in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, all groups with psychopathology showed heightened response to criticism in a region of the superior frontal gyrus implicated in attentional gating. The present results suggest novel neural models of anhedonia in MDD, vigilance-withdrawal behaviors in SAD, and poorer outcome in MDD-SAD. Importantly, in identifying unique and common neural substrates of MDD and SAD, these results support a formulation in which common neural components represent general risk factors for psychopathology that, due to factors that are present at illness onset, lead to distinct forms of psychopathology with unique neural signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Hamilton
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA, and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Chen
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA, and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christian E Waugh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA, and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA, and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA, and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hershenberg R, Goldfried MR. Implications of RDoC for the research and practice of psychotherapy. Behav Ther 2015; 46:156-65. [PMID: 25645165 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of psychotherapy is at an important juncture. Recent changes in the field include (a) the skeptical reception of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and (b) NIMH's prioritization of an alternative classification system to guide translational and intervention research. Moreover, (c) the field continues to be held accountable to governmental agencies and third-party payers to demonstrate its empirical basis. Thus, psychological research as it relates to the practice of psychotherapy is at a crossroads. In this article, we provide a brief overview of several generations of psychotherapy outcome research, including the consequences that followed in the 1980s as psychotherapy research moved toward randomized controlled trials for clinical disorders. We delineate the inherent strengths and limitations of this movement and address how the NIMH has recently responded with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We then address philosophical and practical implications of the emphasis on a neuroscientific conceptualization of psychological problems. Finally, we discuss opportunities for a next generation of convergent science that incorporates, rather than replaces, psychosocial variables across stages of translational research and treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hershenberg
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center at Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and University of Pennsylvania.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee KH, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, Hooley JM, Silk JS. Neural responses to maternal criticism in healthy youth. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:902-12. [PMID: 25338632 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental criticism can have positive and negative effects on children's and adolescents' behavior; yet, it is unclear how youth react to, understand and process parental criticism. We proposed that youth would engage three sets of neural processes in response to parental criticism including the following: (i) activating emotional reactions, (ii) regulating those reactions and (iii) social cognitive processing (e.g. understanding the parent's mental state). To examine neural processes associated with both emotional and social processing of parental criticism in personally relevant and ecologically valid social contexts, typically developing youth were scanned while they listened to their mother providing critical, praising and neutral statements. In response to maternal criticism, youth showed increased brain activity in affective networks (e.g. subcortical-limbic regions including lentiform nucleus and posterior insula), but decreased activity in cognitive control networks (e.g. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudal anterior cingulate cortex) and social cognitive networks (e.g. temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus). These results suggest that youth may respond to maternal criticism with increased emotional reactivity but decreased cognitive control and social cognitive processing. A better understanding of children's responses to parental criticism may provide insights into the ways that parental feedback can be modified to be more helpful to behavior and development in youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Healey KL, Morgan J, Musselman SC, Olino TM, Forbes EE. Social anhedonia and medial prefrontal response to mutual liking in late adolescents. Brain Cogn 2014; 89:39-50. [PMID: 24412087 PMCID: PMC4090287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia, a cardinal symptom of depression defined as difficulty experiencing pleasure, is also a possible endophenotype and prognostic factor for the development of depression. The onset of depression typically occurs during adolescence, a period in which social status and affiliation are especially salient. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region implicated in reward, self-relevant processing, and social cognition, exhibits altered function in adults with anhedonia, but its association with adolescent anhedonia has yet to be investigated. We examined neural response to social reward in 27 late adolescents, 18-21years old, who varied in social anhedonia. Participants reported their social anhedonia, completed ratings of photos of unfamiliar peers, and underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging task involving feedback about being liked. Adolescents with higher social anhedonia exhibited greater mPFC activation in response to mutual liking (i.e., being liked by someone they also liked) relative to received liking (i.e., being liked by someone whom they did not like). This association held after controlling for severity of current depressive symptoms, although depressive severity was also associated with greater mPFC response. Adolescents with higher levels of social anhedonia also had stronger positive connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the mPFC during mutual versus received liking. These results, the first on the pathophysiology of adolescent anhedonia, support altered neural reward-circuit response to social reward in young people with social anhedonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kati L Healey
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St., WPIC-Loeffler 319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Judith Morgan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St., WPIC-Loeffler 319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Samuel C Musselman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St., WPIC-Loeffler 319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Thomas M Olino
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St., WPIC-Loeffler 319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara St., WPIC-Loeffler 319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Langenecker SA, Jacobs RH, Passarotti AM. Current Neural and Behavioral Dimensional Constructs across Mood Disorders. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014; 1:144-153. [PMID: 25147755 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-014-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the underlying neurobiology for mood disorders is still limited. We present an integrated model for conceptualizing and understanding mood disorders drawing upon a broad literature pertinent to mood disorders. The integrated model of emotion processing and regulation incorporates the linguistic constructs of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. In particular, we focus on the Positive Valence domain/circuit (PVC), highlighting recent reward research and the Negative Valence domain/circuit (NVC), highlighting rumination. Furthermore, we also illustrate the Cognitive Control and Problem Solving (CCaPS) circuit, which is heavily involved in emotion regulation, as well as the default mode network (DMN) and interactions between circuits. We conclude by proposing methods for addressing challenges in the developmental study of mood disorders including using high-risk design that incorporates risk for many disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Langenecker
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center
| | - Rachel H Jacobs
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Institute for Juvenile Research
| | - Alessandra M Passarotti
- The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Cognitive Neuroscience Center ; The University of Illinois at Chicago Institute for Juvenile Research
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tully LM, Niendam TA. Beyond “Cold” Cognition: Exploring Cognitive Control of Emotion as a Risk Factor for Psychosis. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-014-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
Schiller CE, Minkel J, Smoski MJ, Dichter GS. Remitted major depression is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex reactivity to reward loss. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:756-762. [PMID: 23835103 PMCID: PMC3797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MDD) is characterized by anhedonia. Although a growing body of literature has linked anhedonia in MDD to reduced frontostriatal activity during reward gains, relatively few studies have examined neural responsivity to loss, and no studies to date have examined neural responses to loss in euthymic individuals with a history of MDD. METHODS An fMRI monetary incentive delay task was administered to 19 participants with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 19 never depressed controls. Analyses examined group activation differences in brain reward circuitry during monetary loss anticipation and outcomes. Secondary analyses examined the association between self-reported rumination and brain activation in the rMDD group. RESULTS Compared to controls, the rMDD group showed less superior frontal gyrus activation during loss anticipation and less inferior and superior frontal gyri activation during loss outcomes (cluster corrected p's<.05). Ruminative Responses Scale scores were negatively correlated with superior frontal gyrus activation (r=-.68, p=.001) during loss outcomes in the rMDD group. LIMITATIONS Replication with a larger sample is needed. CONCLUSIONS Euthymic individuals with a history of MDD showed prefrontal cortex hypoactivation during loss anticipation and outcomes, and the degree of superior frontal gyrus hypoactivation was associated with rumination. Abnormal prefrontal cortex responses to loss may reflect a trait-like vulnerability to MDD, although future research is needed to evaluate the utility of this functional neural endophenotype as a prospective risk marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Edler Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Jared Minkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Moria J. Smoski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Gabriel S. Dichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States,Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Holsen LM, Lancaster K, Klibanski A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Cherkerzian S, Buka S, Goldstein JM. HPA-axis hormone modulation of stress response circuitry activity in women with remitted major depression. Neuroscience 2013; 250:733-42. [PMID: 23891965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Decades of clinical and basic research indicate significant links between altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hormone dynamics and major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent neuroimaging studies of MDD highlight abnormalities in stress response circuitry regions which play a role in the regulation of the HPA-axes. However, there is a dearth of research examining these systems in parallel, especially as related to potential trait characteristics. The current study addresses this gap by investigating neural responses to a mild visual stress challenge with real-time assessment of adrenal hormones in women with MDD in remission and controls. Fifteen women with recurrent MDD in remission (rMDD) and 15 healthy control women were scanned on a 3T Siemens MR scanner while viewing neutral and negative (stress-evoking) stimuli. Blood samples were obtained before, during, and after scanning for the measurement of HPA-axis hormone levels. Compared to controls, rMDD women demonstrated higher anxiety ratings, increased cortisol levels, and hyperactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus, p<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected in response to the stress challenge. Among rMDD women, amygdala activation was negatively related to cortisol changes and positively associated with the duration of remission. Findings presented here provide evidence for differential effects of altered HPA-axis hormone dynamics on hyperactivity in stress response circuitry regions elicited by a well-validated stress paradigm in women with recurrent MDD in remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Holsen
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|