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Samanta S, Bagchi D, Gold MS, Badgaiyan RD, Barh D, Blum K. A Complex Relationship Among the Circadian Rhythm, Reward Circuit and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:3485-3501. [PMID: 39411118 PMCID: PMC11479634 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s473310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain not only controls the various physiological functions but is also the prime regulator of circadian rhythms, rewards, and behaviors. Environmental factors, professional stress, and social disintegration are regarded as the initial causative factors of addiction behavior. Shift work, artificial light exposure at night, and chronic and acute jet lag influence circadian rhythm dysfunction. The result is impaired neurotransmitter release, dysfunction of neural circuits, endocrine disturbance, and metabolic disorder, leading to advancement in substance use disorder. There is a bidirectional relationship between chronodisruption and addiction behavior. Circadian rhythm dysfunction, neuroadaptation in the reward circuits, and alteration in clock gene expression in the mesolimbic areas influence substance use disorder (SUD), and chronotherapy has potential benefits in the treatment strategies. This review explores the relationship among the circadian rhythm dysfunction, reward circuit, and SUD. The impact of chronotherapy on SUD has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721101, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA and Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southern University, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, BeloHorizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, 721172, West Bengal, India
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise, and Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Loránd University, Budapest, 1053, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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AL-Eitan LN, Rababa’h DM, Alghamdi MA. Genetic susceptibility of opioid receptor genes polymorphism to drug addiction: A candidate-gene association study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33402148 PMCID: PMC7786995 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. In this study, three opioid genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males. METHODS The study involved 498 addicts, in addition to 496 healthy controls and all from Arab descent. RESULTS The findings in this study showed that rs1799971 of the OPRM1 gene was in association with drug addiction for both alleles and genotypes with P-values = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. In addition, a significant association between the dominant model (A/A vs G/A-G/G) of rs1799971 (OPRM1) and drug addiction (P-value = 0.003, OR = 1.59 (1.17-2.15)) was detected. Moreover, a genetic haplotype (AGGGCGACCCC) of theOPRM1 gene revealed a significant association with drug addiction (P-value = 0.01, OR = 1.56 (1.15-2.12)). We also found that the age of addicts, smoking, and marital status with genetic variants within OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk. CONCLUSION We propose that rs1799971 of the OPRM1gene is a genetic risk factor for drug addiction among Jordanian males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N. AL-Eitan
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan ,grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Doaa M. Rababa’h
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Mansour A. Alghamdi
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421 Saudi Arabia
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Initial Heroin Use Patterns Predict 5-Year Relapse: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study in Shanghai, China. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Koijam AS, Chakraborty B, Mukhopadhyay K, Rajamma U, Haobam R. A single nucleotide polymorphism in OPRM1(rs483481) and risk for heroin use disorder. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:214-222. [PMID: 32189578 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1740070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptor mu1 (OPRM1) is the target of many opioid drugs, and it is known to have affinity toward both endogenous and exogenous opioids, opiate and opioid analgesic drugs. The present study was undertaken to explore association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPRM1 gene with heroin use disorder. Ten OPRM1 polymorphisms were analyzed in 132 cases and 147 healthy controls. The SNP rs483481 showed significant allelic, genotypic and haplotypic association (Allelic: p-value = 0.003, OR = 1.75, CI = 1.21-2.55) (Genotypic: p-value = 0.003, OR = 1.72, CI = 1.08-2.75) with heroin use disorder. Allelic and genotypic association remained significant even after multiple testing corrections with 1000 permutations. A significant positive correlation between 'Number of times drug abstained' and 'rs483481-AA genotype' (p-value = 0.002; Pearson correlation = 0.265) was also observed. One-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated significant association of rs483481 with 'number of times drug abstained' (F = 4.86, p-value =0.009). 'A' allele and 'AA' genotype of marker rs483481 seem to confer protective effect while 'G' allele and 'GG' genotype potentiates risk for heroin use disorder. OPRM1 is found to be associated with heroin use disorder in the studied Manipuri cohort. The study suggests that individuals with G allele and GG genotypes at rs483481 could be more vulnerable to heroin dependence, and it could be taken into consideration in prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barnali Chakraborty
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research & Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Development & Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital (IUCBR&SSH), MG University Campus at Thalappady, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Yan P, Zhu Y. GAD1 but not GAD2 polymorphisms are associated with heroin addiction phenotypes. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134704. [PMID: 31866536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heroin addiction is a chronic complex brain disease that contains multiple phenotypes, which vary widely among addicts and may be affected by genetic factors. A total of 801 unrelated heroin addicts were recruited and divided into different subgroups according to eight phenotypes of heroin addiction. Polymorphisms in GAD1 (rs3762555, rs3762556, rs3791878, rs3749034, rs11532313 and rs769395) and GAD2 (rs2839669, rs2839670 and rs2236418) were genotyped using the SNaPshot assay. Associations between genetic variants and the eight phenotypes were mainly assessed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS We found that the frequencies of G allele of GAD1 rs3749034 and rs3762555 were associated with daily dose of methadone use and memory change after heroin addiction. The C allele frequency of GAD1 rs3762556 was associated with lower daily dose of methadone use. In GAD1, SNPs rs3762556, rs3762555, rs3791878 and rs3749034 had strong linkage, and the frequency of the C-G-C-A haplotype was higher in the lower dose of methadone group. Patients with the TT genotype of rs11542313 were maintained on lower dose of methadone than patients with the CC genotype. The G alleles of rs3762555 and rs3749034 were lower, while the T allele of rs11542313 was higher, in the memory decreased group. The results of association analyses of GAD2 with phenotypes of heroin addiction showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION GAD1 polymorphisms were associated with phenotypes of heroin addiction, especially the daily dose of methadone use and memory change in the Han Chinese population. These results may provide individualized guidance for the treatment of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Shi
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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The association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and addiction in a Turkish population. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 70:97-103. [PMID: 31246565 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to addiction has a complex genetic basis that includes genes associated with the action and metabolism of drugs of abuse. One important gene in that respect is OPRM1, which codes for the μ-opioid receptor and has an important role in mediating the rewarding effects of addiction substances. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) in Turkish population and to investigate its association with opioid and other substance addiction. In addition, we examined the association of rs1799971 in addicted patients who were also diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The study included 103 patients addicted to opioids, cocaine, ecstasy, alcohol, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, and sedative/hypnotic substances and 83 healthy volunteers with similar demographic features as controls. rs1799971 polymorphisms were identified with the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). The genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the addicted patients than controls (32.0 % vs 16.9 %, respectively; p=0.027). The prevalence of the G allele was 16.1 % in the addicted group and 8.4 % in the control group (p=0.031). Our study confirmed the association between the rs1799971(G) allele frequency and opioid and other substance addiction, but not with psychiatric disorders.
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Tolami HF, Sharafshah A, Tolami LF, Keshavarz P. Haplotype-Based Association and In Silico Studies of OPRM1 Gene Variants with Susceptibility to Opioid Dependence Among Addicted Iranians Undergoing Methadone Treatment. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:504-513. [PMID: 31853823 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The associations of OPRM1 gene variants with opioid dependence have been demonstrated. This study investigated the association of rs495491, rs1799971 (A118G), rs589046, and rs10457090 variants of OPRM1 gene with opium dependence and their haplotypes among addicted individuals undergoing methadone treatment. Moreover, we investigated whether any of these variants were associated with libido dysfunction or insomnia among addicted people. A total of 404 individuals were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. In silico studies were designed through homology modeling of A118G structures (N40 and D40) and docked with 41 FDA-approved drugs of OPRM1 protein by SWISS-MODEL, COACH, MolProbity, ProSA, Errat, Glide XP, and Autodock 4. Results revealed that rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were significantly associated with opium dependence under recessive (P = 6.66E-10), dominant (P = 0.017), co-dominant (P = 0.001), and recessive (P = 9.28E-6) models of inheritance, respectively. Further analyses indicated three significant haplotypes including A-A-A-C (P-permutation < 1E-9), G-G-A-C (P-permutation = 0.04), and G-A-G-C (P-permutation = 8.69E-4). Genotype-phenotype associations of OPRM1 variants with insomnia and libido dysfunction showed no significant association. Docking showed the higher binding affinity of N40 rather than D40 model; however, methadone and morphine were bonded with D40 structure more powerful. Consequently, rs495491, A118G, rs589046, and rs10457090 were associated with opioid dependence among Iranians; also, A118G might be the most remarkable marker of OPRM1 owing to its vital structural roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Fazel Tolami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Laleh Fazel Tolami
- Medical and Emergency Management Center of Guilan, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Taqi MM, Faisal M, Zaman H. OPRM1 A118G Polymorphisms and Its Role in Opioid Addiction: Implication on Severity and Treatment Approaches. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:361-368. [PMID: 31819591 PMCID: PMC6885558 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s198654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of opioid addiction is shaping up as the most serious clinical issues of current times. Opioids have the greatest propensity to develop addiction after first exposure. Molecular, genetic variations, epigenetic alterations, and environmental factors are also implicated in the development of opioid addiction. Genetic and epigenetic variations in candidate genes have been identified for their associations with opioid addiction. OPRM1 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs1799971 (A118G) is the most prominent candidate due to its significant association with onset and treatment of opioid addiction. Marked inter-individual variability in response to available maintenance pharmacotherapies is the common feature observed in individuals with opioid addiction. Several therapies are only effective among subgroups of opioid individuals which indicate that ethnic, environmental factors and genetic polymorphism including rs1799971 may be responsible for the response to treatment. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to enhance our understanding around the underlying genetic, epigenetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the heterogeneous response of maintenance pharmacotherapies in opioid addiction. A more detailed understanding of molecular, epigenetic and genetic variants especially the implication of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism in an individual may serve as the way forward to address the opioid epidemic. Personalized medicine, which involves developing targeted pharmacotherapies in accordance with individual genetic and epigenetic makeup, are required to develop safe and effective treatments for opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Hadar Zaman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Wang L, Bai M, Jin T, Zheng J, Wang Y, He Y, Yuan D, He X. Effects of CYP3A4 Polymorphisms on Drug Addiction Risk Among the Chinese Han Population. Front Public Health 2019; 7:315. [PMID: 31799230 PMCID: PMC6878905 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) regulates pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions during the process of drug absorption and metabolism, suggesting CYP3A4 plays an important role in drug addiction. However, the association between CYP3A4 polymorphisms and drug addiction risk is still not clear. Methods: This case-control study included 504 drug addicts and 501 healthy controls from Xi'an, China. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CYP3A4 (rs3735451, rs4646440, rs35564277, and rs4646437) were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform. After adjusting by age and gender, we calculated odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by logistic regression to estimate the association between CYP3A4 polymorphisms and drug addiction risk. Results: We found rs4646440 and rs4646437 were associated with decreased risk of drug addiction in codominant (rs4646440: OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.92, p = 0.030; rs4646437: OR = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04–0.87, p = 0.032) and recessive (rs4646440: OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.91, p = 0.028; rs4646437: OR = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.04–0.90, p = 0.036) models. Rs3735451 and rs4646437 were associated with drug addiction risk in the subgroup of middle-aged people (44 < age ≤ 59) and elderly people (age ≥ 60), individually. For men, rs3735451, rs4646440, and rs4646437 had strong relationship with decreased risk of drug addiction (p < 0.05). The effects of rs3735451 on drug addiction risk were related to drug-using time (p < 0.05). We also observed one block (rs4646440 and rs35564277) in haplotype analysis. Conclusion:CYP3A4 polymorphisms were associated with drug addiction risk among the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Jones JD, Mumtaz M, Manubay JM, Mogali S, Sherwin E, Martinez S, Comer SD. Assessing the contribution of opioid- and dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms to the abuse liability of oxycodone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 186:172778. [PMID: 31493434 PMCID: PMC6801039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempts to identify opioid users at increased risk of escalating to opioid use disorder have had limited success. Data from a variety of sources suggest that genetic variation may mediate the subjective response to opioid drugs, and therefore contribute to their abuse potential. The goal of the current study was to observe the relationship between select genetic polymorphisms and the subjective effects of oxycodone under controlled clinical laboratory conditions. METHODS Non-dependent, volunteers with some history of prescription opioid exposure (N = 36) provided a blood sample for analyses of variations in the genes that encode for the μ-, κ- and δ-opioid receptors, and the dopamine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Participants then completed a single laboratory test session to evaluate the subjective and analgesic effects of oral oxycodone (0, 10, and 20 mg, cumulative dose = 30 mg). RESULTS Oxycodone produced typical μ-opioid receptor agonist effects, such as miosis, and decreased pain perception. Oxycodone also produced dose-dependent increases in positive subjective responses such as: drug "Liking" and "Good Effect." Genetic variants in the μ- (rs6848893) and δ-opioid receptor (rs581111) influenced the responses to oxycodone administration. Additionally, self-reported "Stimulated" effects of oxycodone varied significantly as a function of COMT rs4680 genotype. DISCUSSION The current study shows that the euphoric and stimulating effects of oxycodone can vary as a function of genetic variation. Though the relationship between the stimulating effects of opioids and their abuse liability is not well established, we know that the ability of opioids to provide intense feelings of pleasure is a significant motivator for continued use. If replicated, specific genetic variants may be useful in predicting who is at increased risk of developing maladaptive patterns of use following medical exposure to opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D. Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA,Corresponding author: Jermaine D. Jones, Ph.D., Ph: 646-774-6113, Fx: 646-774-6111, ,
| | - Mudassir Mumtaz
- Translational Research Training Program in Addiction, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA,Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Manubay
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shanthi Mogali
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elliana Sherwin
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Suky Martinez
- Translational Research Training Program in Addiction, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA,Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Sandra D. Comer
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Burns JA, Kroll DS, Feldman DE, Kure Liu C, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Molecular Imaging of Opioid and Dopamine Systems: Insights Into the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:626. [PMID: 31620026 PMCID: PMC6759955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use in the United States has steadily risen since the 1990s, along with staggering increases in addiction and overdose fatalities. With this surge in prescription and illicit opioid abuse, it is paramount to understand the genetic risk factors and neuropsychological effects of opioid use disorder (OUD). Polymorphisms disrupting the opioid and dopamine systems have been associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders. Molecular imaging studies have revealed how these polymorphisms impact the brain and contribute to cognitive and behavioral differences across individuals. Here, we review the current molecular imaging literature to assess how genetic variations in the opioid and dopamine systems affect function in the brain's reward, cognition, and stress pathways, potentially resulting in vulnerabilities to OUD. Continued research of the functional consequences of genetic variants and corresponding alterations in neural mechanisms will inform prevention and treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Burns
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle S Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dana E Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Ahmed M, Ul Haq I, Faisal M, Waseem D, Taqi MM. Implication of OPRM1 A118G Polymorphism in Opioids Addicts in Pakistan: In vitro and In silico Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:472-479. [PMID: 30033503 PMCID: PMC6132783 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism in OPRM1 gene is associated with hedonic and reinforcing consequences of opioids. Risk and protective alleles may vary in different populations. One hundred healthy controls and 100 opioids (predominantly heroin) addicts from Pakistani origin were genotyped for A118G (N40D) polymorphism in OPRM1. Structural and functional impact of the polymorphism on encoded protein was predicted by in silico analysis. Results show significant association between homozygous GG genotype and opioid addiction in Pakistani population (p value = 0.016). In silico analysis by SIFT (TI = 0.61), PolyPhen (PISC = 0.227), PANTHER (subPSEC = -1.7171), and SNP effect predicted this SNP benign for encoded protein. Superimposing wild-type and mutated proteins by MODELLER shows no change (RMSD = 0.1) in extracellular ligand binding domain of μ-opioid receptor. However, Haploreg and RegulomeDB predicted OPRM1 gene repression by chromatin condensation and increased binding affinity of RXRA transcription factor that may reduce protein translation and hence the number of available receptors to bind with drugs, which may trigger underlying mechanisms for opioids addiction. Thus, this study outlines causal relationship between opioids addiction and genetic predisposition in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford, UK.
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Gao X, Wang Y, Lang M, Yuan L, Reece AS, Wang W. Contribution of Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in DRD2, BDNF, and Opioid Receptors to Heroin Dependence and Endophenotypes Among the Han Chinese. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 21:404-412. [PMID: 28692418 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heroin and drug dependence are major contributors to global health burden worldwide, but their underlying mechanisms remain elusive and may vary from population to population. Reward- and memory-related candidate genes dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as the opioid receptor genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1), have been implicated in drug dependence, but relatively little is known on their contributions to heroin dependence in populations worldwide. Hence, we evaluated the contributions of the above five candidate genes in heroin dependence and several important related endophenotypes (the onset age of heroin use and subjective response to first heroin use), at single single-nucleotide polymorphism as well as haplotype levels, in a Han Chinese population sample. We genotyped 546 unrelated and heroin-dependent subjects for the candidate genes noted, and 228 sex- and age-matched unrelated controls. The G allele of rs4654327 (OPRD1), DRD2 haplotype block CCGCCGTT (rs6277-rs1076560-rs2283265-rs2734833-rs2075652-rs1079596-rs4436578-rs11214607), and OPRD1 haplotypes TACG (rs6669447-rs2236857-rs508448-rs4654327), CG (rs508448-rs4654327), and TG (rs6669447-rs4654327) were significantly associated with heroin dependence phenotype. Homozygotes AA at rs6265 (BDNF), TT at rs16917234 (BDNF), and CC at rs508448 (OPRD1) also appeared as risk factors for the endophenotype earlier age of onset for heroin use. Two OPRM1 haplotypes, AG (rs1799971-rs1381376) and AT (rs1799971-rs3778151), were observed as potential protective factors. These emerging findings contribute to the literature on genetic biomarkers of drug dependence and related endophenotypes, and call for replication in independent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- 1 Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Wang
- 2 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Minglin Lang
- 3 College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- 1 Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Albert Stuart Reece
- 4 Divison of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- 2 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing, P.R. China .,5 School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Perth, Australia
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14
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Belzeaux R, Lalanne L, Kieffer BL, Lutz PE. Focusing on the Opioid System for Addiction Biomarker Discovery. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:206-220. [PMID: 29396147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) and behavioral addictions are devastating conditions that impose a severe burden on all societies, and represent difficult challenges for clinicians. Therefore, biomarkers are urgently needed to help predict vulnerability, clinical course, and response to treatment. Here, we elaborate on the potential for addiction biomarker discovery of the opioid system, particularly within the emerging framework aiming to probe opioid function in peripheral tissues. Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors all critically regulate neurobiological and behavioral processes that define addiction, and are also targeted by major pharmacotherapies used in the management of patients with SUD. We propose that opioid biomarkers may have the potential to improve and guide diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in the addiction field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Belzeaux
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; INT-UMR7289,CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Laurence Lalanne
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Medical School of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Medical School of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Current address: Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Bough KJ, Pollock JD. Defining Substance Use Disorders: The Need for Peripheral Biomarkers. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:109-120. [PMID: 29396146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a brain disease, and current diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs) are qualitative. Nevertheless, scientific advances are beginning to characterize neurobiological domains. Combining multiple units of measure may provide an opportunity to deconstruct the heterogeneities of a SUD and define endophenotypes by using peripheral biospecimens. There are several recent examples of potential biomarker types that can be examined, together with their categorical applications for SUDs. We propose that, in conjunction with rapidly advancing statistical and mathematical modeling techniques, there is now a unique opportunity for the discovery of composite biomarkers within specific domains of addiction; these may lay the foundation for future biomarker qualification, with important implications for drug development and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Bough
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Pollock
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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16
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Sweeney CG, Rando JM, Panas HN, Miller GM, Platt DM, Vallender EJ. Convergent Balancing Selection on the Mu-Opioid Receptor in Primates. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1629-1643. [PMID: 28333316 PMCID: PMC6279279 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor is involved in many natural processes including stress response, pleasure, and pain. Mutations in the gene also have been associated with opiate and alcohol addictions as well as with responsivity to medication targeting these disorders. Two common and mutually exclusive polymorphisms have been identified in humans, A118G (N40D), found commonly in non-African populations, and C17T (V6A), found almost exclusively in African populations. Although A118G has been studied extensively for associations and in functional assays, C17T is much less well understood. In addition to a parallel polymorphism previously identified in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), C77G (P26R), resequencing in additional non-human primate species identifies further common variation: C140T (P47L) in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), G55C (D19H) in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabeus), A111T (L37F) in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and C55T (P19S) in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis). Functional effects on downstream signaling are observed for each of these variants following treatment with the endogenous agonist β-endorphin and the exogenous agonists morphine, DAMGO ([d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), and fentanyl. In addition to demonstrating the importance of functional equivalency in reference to population variation for minority health, this also shows how common evolutionary pressures have produced similar phenotypes across species, suggesting a shared response to environmental needs and perhaps elucidating the mechanism by which these organism-environment interactions are mediated physiologically and molecularly. These studies set the stage for future investigations of shared functional polymorphisms across species as a new genetic tool for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Sweeney
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Juliette M. Rando
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Helen N. Panas
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Eric J. Vallender
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
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Le Q, Yan B, Yu X, Li Y, Song H, Zhu H, Hou W, Ma D, Wu F, Zhou Y, Ma L. Drug-seeking motivation level in male rats determines offspring susceptibility or resistance to cocaine-seeking behaviour. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15527. [PMID: 28556835 PMCID: PMC5459992 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liability to develop drug addiction is heritable, but the precise contribution of non-Mendelian factors is not well understood. Here we separate male rats into addiction-like and non-addiction-like groups, based on their incentive motivation to seek cocaine. We find that the high incentive responding of the F0 generation could be transmitted to F1 and F2 generations. Moreover, the inheritance of high incentive response to cocaine is contingent on high motivation, as it is elicited by voluntary cocaine administration, but not high intake of cocaine itself. We also find DNA methylation differences between sperm of addiction-like and non-addiction-like groups that were maintained from F0 to F1, providing an epigenetic link to transcriptomic changes of addiction-related signalling pathways in the nucleus accumbens of offspring. Our data suggest that highly motivated drug seeking experience may increase vulnerability and/or reduce resistance to drug addiction in descendants. Drug addiction is partially heritable but the non-genetic inheritance mechanisms are not well understood. The authors show that motivation of male rats in response to cocaine self-administration elicit susceptibility and/or decreased resistance to developing addiction like behaviour in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Le
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangchen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haikun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiqing Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dingailu Ma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Zhang H, Yang Q, Zheng W, Ouyang Y, Yang M, Wang F, Jin T, Zhang J, Wang Z. CYP gene family variants as potential protective factors in drug addiction in Han Chinese. J Gene Med 2016; 18:147-53. [PMID: 27257124 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that genetic factors also contribute to drug addiction. The human cytochrome P450 has shown special interest because of pharmacokinetic variation in different individuals and populations, which is largely determined by the relevant genes. The present study aimed to investigate the polymorphism of the CYP/addicts relationship. METHODS We genotyped 13 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) from three genes, including 692 cases and 700 controls. Sequenom MassARRAY RS1000 (Sequenom, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was used for SNP genotyping. Statistical analysis of the association between tSNPs and drug addiction was performed using the chi-squared test and SNP Stats software (http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net). RESULTS The T/T genotype of rs2242480 in CYP3A4 was associated with decreased risk in the recessive model (p = 0.0002). Allele frequency at rs3743484 in CYP1A2 showed significant differences between addicts and controls (p = 0.046; odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.65-1.00). In genetic model analyses, the minor C allele of rs3743484 in CYP1A2 was associated with a reduced risk of drug addiction based on analysis using codominant and additive models (p = 0.027 dominant model; p =0.038 additive model). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that at allelic and genotypic level polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 are significantly associated with a reduced risk of drug addiction in X'ian Han Chinese individuals. However, this result needs to be confirmed in additional studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi Province, Xi'an City, China
| | - Qi Yang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi Province, Xi'an City, China
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongri Ouyang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi Province, Xi'an City, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- School of Forensic Science and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi Province, Xi'an City, China
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19
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Jones JD, Luba RR, Vogelman JL, Comer SD. Searching for evidence of genetic mediation of opioid withdrawal by opioid receptor gene polymorphisms. Am J Addict 2015; 25:41-8. [PMID: 26692286 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified many genetic polymorphisms that appear to mediate the effects of opioid drugs. However, the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the severity of opioid withdrawal has not yet been characterized. METHODS Data were collected from 48 daily heroin users who previously completed a standardized abstinence-induced or naloxone-precipitated withdrawal procedure to assess opioid dependence. The total withdrawal severity score (based on the COWS) from this procedure was correlated with genotype information for variants of OPRM1 (rs1799971; rs6848893), OPRD1 (rs10753331; rs2234918; rs581111; rs678849; rs1042114), and OPRK1 (rs6473797; rs963549). Genotype and other participant variables (age, race, sex, duration of drug use, concomitant drug use, route of opioid use) were used as predictors. RESULTS Of these variables, those individually correlated with a p < .2 were entered into a multivariate regression in order to identify the most predictive model. Three polymorphisms were significantly associated with severity of abstinence-induced withdrawal (n = 19) in the bivariate analysis (R): OPRM1 rs6848893 (.45), OPRD1 rs10753331 (.03), and rs678849 (.08), but only the OPRM1 rs6848893 was retained in the multivariate model (p < .001). For participants who underwent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (n = 29) only OPRK1 rs6473797 (-.23) was significant in the bivariate analysis, though not retained in the final model. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for genetic modulation of opioid withdrawal severity, and suggest there may be qualitative differences between withdrawal resulting from abstinence and antagonist-precipitated withdrawal. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of incorporating genetic information into clinical addiction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D Jones
- Division of Substance Abuse, New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, 10032, New York, New York
| | - Rachel R Luba
- Division of Substance Abuse, New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, 10032, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan L Vogelman
- Division of Substance Abuse, New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, 10032, New York, New York
| | - Sandra D Comer
- Division of Substance Abuse, New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, 10032, New York, New York
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20
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A review of pharmacogenetic studies of substance-related disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 152:1-14. [PMID: 25819021 PMCID: PMC4458176 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance-related disorders (SRDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Family, twin, and adoption studies have demonstrated the substantial heritability of SRDs. To determine the impact of genetic variation on risk for SRD and the response to treatment, researchers have conducted a number of secondary data analyses and quasi-experimental studies that target one or more candidate gene variants. METHODS This review examines studies in which candidate polymorphisms were examined as mediator variables to identify pharmacogenetic effects on subjective responses to drug administration or cues or outcomes of medication trials for SRDs. Efforts to use a meta-analytic approach to quantify these effects are premature because the number of available studies using similar methods and outcomes is limited, so the present review is qualitative. RESULTS Findings from these studies provide preliminary evidence of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. However, independent replication of these findings has been sparse. CONCLUSIONS Although this growing body of literature has produced conflicting results, improved statistical controls may help to clarify the findings. Additionally, the use of empirically derived sub-phenotypes (i.e., which serve to differentiate distinct groups of affected individuals) may also help to identify genetic mediators of pharmacologic response in relation to SRDs. The identification of genetic mediators can inform clinical care both by identifying risk factors for SRDs and predicting adverse events and therapeutic outcomes associated with specific pharmacotherapies.
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21
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Liu J, Hu D, Jiang Y, Xi H, Li W. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene and intraoperative remifentanil consumption in northern Chinese women. Pharmacology 2014; 94:273-9. [PMID: 25500932 DOI: 10.1159/000368082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) affect the postoperative analgesic efficacy of opioids and their side effects. In this study, we assessed the association between SNPs in the OPRM1 gene and intraoperative remifentanil consumption as well as perioperative side effects during gynecological hysteroscopic surgery in women from Northern China. METHODS We analyzed 178 women undergoing gynecological hysteroscopic surgery. SNP genotyping was performed using the SNaPshot method. The state anxiety index (SAI) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) of all patients were assessed preoperatively. Monitored anesthesia care was maintained by the intravenous infusion of remifentanil. Intraoperative remifentanil usage and perioperative side effects were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS Patients carrying one or two copies of the minor allele (G allele) of rs558025 required significantly more intraoperative remifentanil than patients without the minor allele (p = 0.001, corrected p = 0.006). There were no significant associations between the six SNPs and various clinical characteristics. No significant associations between the six SNPs and PPT or SAI were found in our study. CONCLUSIONS SNP rs558025 in the OPRM1 gene was associated with intraoperative remifentanil consumption during gynecological hysteroscopic surgery in our subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sun Y, Meng S, Li J, Shi J, Lu L. Advances in genetic studies of substance abuse in China. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 25:199-211. [PMID: 24991158 PMCID: PMC4054556 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary The importance of genetic factors in substance addiction has long been established. The rationale for this work is that understanding of the function of addiction genes and delineation of the key molecular pathways of these genes would enhance the development of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that could be used in the prevention and management of substance abuse. Over the past few years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of genetic studies conducted on addiction in China; these studies have primarily focused on heroin, alcohol, and nicotine dependence. Most studies of candidate genes have concentrated on the dopamine, opioid, and serotonin systems. A number of genes associated with substance abuse in Caucasians are also risk factors in Chinese, but several novel genes and genetic risk factors associated with substance abuse in Chinese subjects have also been identified. This paper reviews the genetic studies of substance abuse performed by Chinese researchers. Genotypes and alleles related to addictive behavior in Chinese individuals are discussed and the contributions of Chinese researchers to the international corpus of knowledge about the genetic understanding of substance abuse are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Haerian BS, Haerian MS. OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism and opioid dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:813-24. [PMID: 23651028 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The OPRM1 gene encodes the µ-opioid receptor, which is the primary site of action of most opioids. Several studies and three meta-analyses have examined a possible link between the exonic OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism and opioid dependence; however, results have been inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with opioid dependence. Thirteen studies (n = 9385), comprising 4601 opioid dependents and 4784 controls, which evaluated association of the OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism with susceptibility to opioids, were included in this study. Our meta-analysis showed significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to opioid dependence in overall studies under a codominant model, as well as susceptibility to opioid dependence or heroin dependence in Asians under an autosomal dominant model. The nonsynonymous OPRM1 rs1799971 might be a risk factor for addiction to opioids or heroin in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Sadat Haerian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Nelson EC, Lynskey MT, Heath AC, Wray N, Agrawal A, Shand FL, Henders AK, Wallace L, Todorov AA, Schrage AJ, Madden PAF, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Montgomery GW. Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series. Addict Biol 2014; 19:111-21. [PMID: 22500942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding the opioid receptors (OPRM1, OPRD1 and OPRK1) are obvious candidates for involvement in risk for heroin dependence. Prior association studies commonly had samples of modest size, included limited single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) coverage of these genes and yielded inconsistent results. Participants for the current investigation included 1459 heroin-dependent cases ascertained from maintenance clinics in New South Wales, Australia, 1495 unrelated individuals selected from an Australian sample of twins and siblings as not meeting DSM-IV criteria for lifetime alcohol or illicit drug dependence (non-dependent controls) and 531 controls ascertained from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in proximity to the maintenance clinics. A total of 136 OPRM1, OPRD1 and OPRK1 SNPs were genotyped in this sample. After controlling for admixture with principal components analysis, our comparison of cases to non-dependent controls found four OPRD1 SNPs in fairly high linkage disequilibrium for which adjusted P values remained significant (e.g. rs2236857; OR 1.25; P=2.95×10(-4) ) replicating a previously reported association. A post hoc analysis revealed that the two SNP (rs2236857 and rs581111) GA haplotype in OPRD1 is associated with greater risk (OR 1.68; P=1.41×10(-5) ). No OPRM1 or OPRK1 SNPs reached more than nominal significance. Comparisons of cases to neighborhood controls reached only nominal significance. Our results replicate a prior report providing strong evidence implicating OPRD1 SNPs and, in particular, the two SNP (rs2236857 and rs581111) GA haplotype in liability for heroin dependence. Support was not found for similar association involving either OPRM1 or OPRK1 SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia Burnet Institute, Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Zhu F, Yan CX, Wen YC, Wang J, Bi J, Zhao YL, Wei L, Gao CG, Jia W, Li SB. Dopamine D1 receptor gene variation modulates opioid dependence risk by affecting transition to addiction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70805. [PMID: 23976958 PMCID: PMC3745389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) modulates opioid reinforcement, reward, and opioid-induced neuroadaptation. We propose that DRD1 polymorphism affects susceptibility to opioid dependence (OD), the efficiency of transition to OD, and opioid-induced pleasure response. We analyzed potential association between seven DRD1 polymorphisms with the following traits: duration of transition from the first use to dependence (DTFUD), subjective pleasure responses to opioid on first use and post-dependence use, and OD risk in 425 Chinese with OD and 514 healthy controls. DTFUD and level of pleasure responses were examined using a semi-structured interview. The DTFUD of opioid addicts ranged from 5 days to 11 years. Most addicts (64.0%) reported non-comfortable response upon first opioid use, while after dependence, most addicts (53.0%) felt strong opioid-induced pleasure. Survival analysis revealed a correlation of prolonged DTFUD with the minor allele-carrying genotypes of DRD1 rs4532 (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.694; p = 0.001) and rs686 (HR = 0.681, p = 0.0003). Binary logistic regression indicated that rs10063995 GT genotype (vs. GG+TT, OR = 0.261) could predict decreased pleasure response to first-time use and the minor alleles of rs686 (OR = 0.535) and rs4532 (OR = 0.537) could predict decreased post-dependence pleasure. Moreover, rs686 minor allele was associated with a decreased risk for rapid transition from initial use to dependence (DTFUD≤30 days; OR = 0.603) or post-dependence euphoria (OR = 0.603) relative to major allele. In conclusion, DRD1 rs686 minor allele decreases the OD risk by prolonging the transition to dependence and attenuating opioid-induced pleasure in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-xia Yan
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-chong Wen
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jinbo Bi
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, School of Medicine University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ya-ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-ge Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia
- Methadone Maintenance Therapy Clinic, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-bin Li
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Bruehl S, Apkarian AV, Ballantyne JC, Berger A, Borsook D, Chen WG, Farrar JT, Haythornthwaite JA, Horn SD, Iadarola MJ, Inturrisi CE, Lao L, Mackey S, Mao J, Sawczuk A, Uhl GR, Witter J, Woolf CJ, Zubieta JK, Lin Y. Personalized medicine and opioid analgesic prescribing for chronic pain: opportunities and challenges. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:103-13. [PMID: 23374939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Use of opioid analgesics for pain management has increased dramatically over the past decade, with corresponding increases in negative sequelae including overdose and death. There is currently no well-validated objective means of accurately identifying patients likely to experience good analgesia with low side effects and abuse risk prior to initiating opioid therapy. This paper discusses the concept of data-based personalized prescribing of opioid analgesics as a means to achieve this goal. Strengths, weaknesses, and potential synergism of traditional randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) and practice-based evidence (PBE) methodologies as means to acquire the clinical data necessary to develop validated personalized analgesic-prescribing algorithms are overviewed. Several predictive factors that might be incorporated into such algorithms are briefly discussed, including genetic factors, differences in brain structure and function, differences in neurotransmitter pathways, and patient phenotypic variables such as negative affect, sex, and pain sensitivity. Currently available research is insufficient to inform development of quantitative analgesic-prescribing algorithms. However, responder subtype analyses made practical by the large numbers of chronic pain patients in proposed collaborative PBE pain registries, in conjunction with follow-up validation RCTs, may eventually permit development of clinically useful analgesic-prescribing algorithms. PERSPECTIVE Current research is insufficient to base opioid analgesic prescribing on patient characteristics. Collaborative PBE studies in large, diverse pain patient samples in conjunction with follow-up RCTs may permit development of quantitative analgesic-prescribing algorithms that could optimize opioid analgesic effectiveness and mitigate risks of opioid-related abuse and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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27
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Clarke TK, Crist RC, Kampman KM, Dackis CA, Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Oslin DW, Ferraro TN, Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH. Low frequency genetic variants in the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) affect risk for addiction to heroin and cocaine. Neurosci Lett 2013; 542:71-5. [PMID: 23454283 PMCID: PMC3640707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) binds exogenous and endogenous opioids and is known to mediate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. Numerous genetic studies have sought to identify common genetic variation in the gene encoding MOR (OPRM1) that affects risk for drug addiction. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of rare coding variants in OPRM1 to the risk for addiction. Rare and low frequency variants were selected using the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute - Exome Sequencing Project (NHLBI-ESP) database, which has screened the exomes of over 6500 individuals. Two SNPs (rs62638690 and rs17174794) were selected for genotyping in 1377 European American individuals addicted to heroin and/or cocaine. Two different SNPs (rs1799971 and rs17174801) were genotyped in 1238 African American individuals addicted to heroin and/or cocaine. Using the minor allele frequencies from the NHLBI-ESP dataset as a comparison group, case-control association analyses were performed. Results revealed an association between rs62638690 and cocaine and heroin addiction in European Americans (p=0.02; 95% C.I. 0.47 [0.24-0.92]). This study suggests a potential role for rare OPRM1 variants in addiction disorders and highlights an area worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni-Kim Clarke
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kreek MJ, Levran O, Reed B, Schlussman SD, Zhou Y, Butelman ER. Opiate addiction and cocaine addiction: underlying molecular neurobiology and genetics. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3387-93. [PMID: 23023708 DOI: 10.1172/jci60390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Addictive diseases, including addiction to heroin, prescription opioids, or cocaine, pose massive personal and public health costs. Addictions are chronic relapsing diseases of the brain caused by drug-induced direct effects and persisting neuroadaptations at the epigenetic, mRNA, neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, or protein levels. These neuroadaptations, which can be specific to drug type, and their resultant behaviors are modified by various internal and external environmental factors, including stress responsivity, addict mindset, and social setting. Specific gene variants, including variants encoding pharmacological target proteins or genes mediating neuroadaptations, also modify vulnerability at particular stages of addiction. Greater understanding of these interacting factors through laboratory-based and translational studies have the potential to optimize early interventions for the therapy of chronic addictive diseases and to reduce the burden of relapse. Here, we review the molecular neurobiology and genetics of opiate addiction, including heroin and prescription opioids, and cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
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AL-Eitan LN, Jaradat SA, Su SYS, Tay GK, Hulse GK. Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of treatment outcome in opiate-dependent individuals of Arab descent. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2012; 5:99-111. [PMID: 23226066 PMCID: PMC3513232 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s33351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of research studies on the genetics of opiate dependence have focused on the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1), which is a primary target for opiates. This study aims to identify genetic polymorphisms within the OPRM1 gene involved in response to the biopsychosocial treatment in opiate-dependent individuals of Arab descent. METHODS Unrelated Jordanian Nationals of Arab descent (N = 183) with opiate dependence were selected for this study. These individuals, all males, met the DSM-IV criteria for opiate dependence and were undergoing a voluntary 8-week treatment program at a Jordanian Drug Rehabilitation Centre. All individuals were genotyped for 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OPRM1 gene using the Sequenom MassARRAY(®) system (iPLEX GOLD). Statistical analyses were carried out using the R package. RESULTS Patients receiving biopsychosocial treatment showed that there was a significant difference in their OPRM1 SNPs' genotyping distribution between good, moderate, and poor responders to the treatment at two sites (rs6912029 [G-172T], and rs12205732 [G-1510A], P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION This study is the first report of an association between the OPRM1 G-172T and G-1510A polymorphisms and treatment response for opiate dependence. Specifically, this study demonstrated that the OPRM1 GG-172 and GG-1510 genotypes were more frequent among patients who were nonresponders to the biopsychosocial treatment. However, further pharmacogenetic studies in a larger cohort of opiate-dependent patients of Arab descent are needed to confirm these findings and identify individuals with increased chance of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saied A Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid,
Jordan
| | | | | | - Gary K Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- Unit for Research and Education in Alcohol and Drugs, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA,
Australia
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30
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Butelman ER, Yuferov V, Kreek MJ. κ-opioid receptor/dynorphin system: genetic and pharmacotherapeutic implications for addiction. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:587-96. [PMID: 22709632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Addictions to cocaine or heroin/prescription opioids [short-acting μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) agonists] involve relapsing cycles, with experimentation/escalating use, withdrawal/abstinence, and relapse/re-escalation. κ-Opioid receptors (KOPr; encoded by OPRK1), and their endogenous agonists, the dynorphins (encoded by PDYN), have counter-modulatory effects on reward caused by cocaine or MOPr agonist exposure, and exhibit plasticity in addictive-like states. KOPr/dynorphin activation is implicated in depression/anxiety, often comorbid with addictions. In this opinion article we propose that particular stages of the addiction cycle are differentially affected by KOPr/dynorphin systems. Vulnerability and resilience can be due to pre-existing (e.g., genetic) factors, or epigenetic modifications of the OPRK1 or PDYN genes during the addiction cycle. Pharmacotherapeutic approaches limiting changes in KOPr/dynorphin tone, especially with KOPr partial agonists, may hold potential for the treatment of specific drug addictions and psychiatric comorbidity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Biological/genetics
- Adaptation, Biological/physiology
- Animals
- Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy
- Behavior, Addictive/genetics
- Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Dynorphins/physiology
- Enkephalins/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Illicit Drugs/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Recurrence
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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31
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Nielsen DA, Kreek MJ. Common and specific liability to addiction: approaches to association studies of opioid addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123 Suppl 1:S33-41. [PMID: 22542464 PMCID: PMC3689423 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid addiction, whether to opiates such as heroin and morphine, and/or to non-medical use of opioids, is a major problem worldwide. Although drug-induced and environmental factors are essential for the liability to develop opioid addiction, the genetic background of an individual is now known also to play a substantial role. METHODS The overall goal of this article is to address the common and specific liabilities to addiction in the context of approaches to studies of one addiction, opioid addiction. Literature on identifying genetic variants that may play a role in the development of opioid addiction was reviewed. RESULTS A substantial number of genetic variants have been reported to be associated with opioid addiction. No single variant has been found in any of the reported GWAS studies with a substantial effect size on the liability to develop heroin addiction. It appears that there is a complex interaction of a large number of variants, some rare, some common, which interact with the environment and in response to specific drugs of abuse to increase the liability of developing opioid addiction. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the inherent difficulties in obtaining large well-phenotyped cohorts for genetic studies, new findings have been reported that are being used to develop testable hypotheses into the biological basis of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Nielsen
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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32
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The genetics of the opioid system and specific drug addictions. Hum Genet 2012; 131:823-42. [PMID: 22547174 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to drugs is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that has major medical, social, and economic complications. It has been established that genetic factors contribute to the vulnerability to develop drug addiction and to the effectiveness of its treatment. Identification of these factors may increase our understanding of the disorders, help in the development of new treatments and advance personalized medicine. In this review, we will describe the genetics of the major genes of the opioid system (opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands) in connection to addiction to opioids, cocaine, alcohol and methamphetamines. Particular emphasis is given to association and functional studies of specific variants. We will provide information on the sample populations and the size of each study, as well as a list of the variants implicated in association with addiction-related phenotypes, and with the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for addiction.
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Proudnikov D, Randesi M, Levran O, Crystal H, Dorn M, Ott J, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Association of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene with the severity of HIV infection and response to HIV treatment. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1745-56. [PMID: 22457278 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) ligands may alter expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in penetration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 into the cell. We suggest that OPRM1 variants may affect the pathophysiology of HIV infection. METHODS DNA samples from 1031 eligible African Americans, Hispanics, and whites from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were alive as of April 2006 were analyzed. We performed regression analysis of association of 18 OPRM1 variants with a change of viral load and CD4 cell count during 2 periods: between admission to WIHS and the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (interval X) and between the start of HAART and the most recent WIHS visit (interval Y), and examined the association of these variants with HIV status. RESULTS Regardless of genotype, a significant decrease in viral load during interval X was found for each ethnicity. Whites with allele G of the functional polymorphism 118A > G (reference sequence rs1799971) showed a smaller decrease in viral load; those bearing minor alleles IVS1 + 1050A, IVS1 + 14123A, and IVS2 + 31A showed a larger decrease in viral load over interval X (0.01 < P < .05). Hispanics with the same alleles showed a greater increase in CD4 cell count over interval Y (0.01 < P < .05). We found an association between OPRM1 variants and HIV status in African Americans and whites. CONCLUSIONS OPRM1 polymorphisms may alter the severity of HIV infection before and after HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Proudnikov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Depue RA, Fu Y. Modeling borderline personality disorder based on the neurobehavioral foundation of major personality traits. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2012; 40:131-180. [PMID: 23006033 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2012.40.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an exceedingly complex behavioral phenomenon that is in need of conceptual clarification within a larger model of personality disorders (PDs). The association of personality traits to BPD is discussed initially as a means of introducing a dimensional personality approach to understanding BPD. While this model suggests that PDs emerge at the extremes of personality dimensions, attempts to demonstrate such an association have been empirically disappointing and conceptually unilluminating. Therefore, in this article, we attempt to extend such models by outlining the neurobehavioral systems that underlie major personality traits, and highlight the evidence that they are subject to experience-dependent modification that can be enduring through effects on genetic expression, mainly through processes known as epigenetics. It is through such processes that risk for personality disorder may be modified by experience at any point in development, but perhaps especially during early critical periods of development. We conclude by presenting a multidimensional model of PDs, in general, and BPD, in particular, that relies on the concepts developed earlier in the article. Our goal is to provide a guide for novel clinical conceptualization and assessment of PDs, as well as research on their psychobiological nature and pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Depue
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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35
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Abstract
The µ-opioid receptor is a primary target for clinically important opioid analgesics, including morphine, fentanyl and methadone. Many genetic variations have been identified in the human µ-opioid receptor MOP gene (OPRM1), and their implications have been reported in the effects of opioid drugs and susceptibility to drug dependence. Interestingly, agonistic and antagonistic opioid effects are inversely associated with the A118G polymorphism genotype. The A118G polymorphism may also be associated with substance dependence and susceptibility to other disorders, including epilepsy and schizophrenia. The IVS1+A21573G, IVS1-T17286C, and TAA+A5359G polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene may be associated with alcohol, opioid and tobacco dependence, respectively. However, some studies have failed to confirm the correlations between the polymorphisms and opioid effects and substance dependence. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of OPRM1 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Research Project for Addictive Substances, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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36
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Nikolov MA, Beltcheva O, Galabova A, Ljubenova A, Jankova E, Gergov G, Russev AA, Lynskey MT, Nelson EC, Nesheva E, Krasteva D, Lazarov P, Mitev VI, Kremensky IM, Kaneva RP, Todorov AA. No evidence of association between 118A>G OPRM1 polymorphism and heroin dependence in a large Bulgarian case-control sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 117:62-5. [PMID: 21277709 PMCID: PMC3128690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The μ-opioid receptor is the primary site of action of most opioids. The 118A>G (rs1799971) polymorphism in exon 1 of the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) leads to an Asn40Asp amino acid change that affects a putative N-glycosylation site. It has been widely investigated for association with alcohol and drug dependence and pain sensitivity, with mixed results. The aim of the current study was to examine whether this polymorphism was associated with heroin dependence in a large Bulgarian cohort of 1842 active users and 1451 population controls. SNP genotyping was done using Real-Time PCR TaqMan technology. Association analyses were conducted, separately for Roma and non-Roma participants. Our results suggest that there is no direct effect of 118A>G genotype on the risk for heroin dependence among active heroin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momchil A. Nikolov
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry – St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Olga Beltcheva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Elena Jankova
- Initiative for Health Foundation, Sofia 1680, Bulgaria
| | - Galin Gergov
- Bulgarian Addictions Institute, Sofia 1619, Bulgaria
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry – St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry – St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vanio I. Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo M. Kremensky
- National Genetic Laboratory, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Majchin dom”, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Radka P. Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandre A. Todorov
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry – St. Louis MO 63110, USA
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Depue RA, Fu Y. Neurogenetic and experiential processes underlying major personality traits: implications for modelling personality disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 2011; 23:258-81. [PMID: 21923227 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2011.599315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The association of personality traits to personality disorders (PDs) is assumed by many to fit a dimensional model, where PDs emerge at the extremes of personality dimensions. Nevertheless, attempts to demonstrate such an association have been empirically disappointing and conceptually unilluminating. In this article we attempt to extend such models by outlining the neurobehavioural systems that underlie major personality traits, and highlight the evidence that they are subject to experience-dependent modification that can be enduring through effects on genetic expression, mainly through processes known as epigenetics. It is through such processes that risk for personality disorder may be modified by experience at any point in development, but perhaps especially during early critical periods of development. We conclude by presenting a novel multidimensional model of PDs that relies on the concepts developed earlier in the article. Our goal is to provide a guide for research on the psychobiological nature and pharmacological treatment of PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Depue
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Personality, Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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Levran O, Awolesi O, Linzy S, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Haplotype block structure of the genomic region of the mu opioid receptor gene. J Hum Genet 2010; 56:147-55. [PMID: 21160491 PMCID: PMC3075619 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The opioid system is involved in the action of opiate drugs, opioid addiction, pain experience and analgesia. Individual differences in opioid effect may be attributed in part to genetic variations. Long-range cis regulatory elements and intronic variants are potential sources of functional diversity. Recently, we have detected association of two intronic OPRM1 variants with heroin addiction in European Americans. In the current study, we analyzed the genetic variations in the OPRM1 100 kb 5′ flanking region and intron 1 in the HapMap Caucasian population. Four major linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were identified, consisting of 28, 22, 15 and 42 SNPs, respectively. The locations of these blocks are (−100 – −90), (−90 – −67), (−20 - −1) and (+1 – +44) kb, respectively. The two intronic variants, indicated in our recent study, are part of a distinct haplogroup that include SNPs from intron 1, and the proximal 5′ region. The 118G (rs1799971) allele is part of a different haplogroup that includes several variants in the distal 5′ region that may have a regulatory potential. These findings were corroborated by genotyping eight SNPs in a sample of European Americans and suggest an extended OPRM1 locus with potential new regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Mague SD, Blendy JA. OPRM1 SNP (A118G): involvement in disease development, treatment response, and animal models. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 108:172-82. [PMID: 20074870 PMCID: PMC2887703 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous opioids acting at mu-opioid receptors mediate many biological functions. Pharmacological intervention at these receptors has greatly aided in the treatment of acute and chronic pain, in addition to other uses. However, the development of tolerance and dependence has made it difficult to adequately prescribe these therapeutics. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), A118G, in the mu-opioid receptor gene can affect opioid function and, consequently, has been suggested to contribute to individual variability in pain management and drug addiction. Investigation into the role of A118G in human disease and treatment response has generated a large number of association studies across various disease states as well as physiological responses. However, characterizing the functional consequences of this SNP and establishing if it causes or contributes to disease phenotypes have been significant challenges. In this manuscript, we will review a number of association studies as well as investigations of the functional impact of this gene variant. In addition, we will describe a novel mouse model that was generated to recapitulate this SNP in mice. Evaluation of models that incorporate known human genetic variants into a tractable system, like the mouse, will facilitate the understanding of discrete contributions of SNPs to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Address correspondence to: Julie A. Blendy, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, TRL, 125 South 31st Street, Tel: (215) 898-0730, Fax: (215) 573-2041,
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40
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Yuferov V, Levran O, Proudnikov D, Nielsen DA, Kreek MJ. Search for genetic markers and functional variants involved in the development of opiate and cocaine addiction and treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1187:184-207. [PMID: 20201854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to opiates and illicit use of psychostimulants is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that, if left untreated, can cause major medical, social, and economic problems. This article reviews recent progress in studies of association of gene variants with vulnerability to develop opiate and cocaine addictions, focusing primarily on genes of the opioid and monoaminergic systems. In addition, we provide the first evidence of a cis-acting polymorphism and a functional haplotype in the PDYN gene, of significantly higher DNA methylation rate of the OPRM1 gene in the lymphocytes of heroin addicts, and significant differences in genotype frequencies of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1) between "higher" and "lower" methadone doses in methadone-maintained patients. In genomewide and multigene association studies, we found association of several new genes and new variants of known genes with heroin addiction. Finally, we describe the development and application of a novel technique: molecular haplotyping for studies in genetics of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yuferov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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41
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Peng Q, Zhao J, Xue F. PCA-based bootstrap confidence interval tests for gene-disease association involving multiple SNPs. BMC Genet 2010; 11:6. [PMID: 20100356 PMCID: PMC2825231 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic association study is currently the primary vehicle for identification and characterization of disease-predisposing variant(s) which usually involves multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available. However, SNP-wise association tests raise concerns over multiple testing. Haplotype-based methods have the advantage of being able to account for correlations between neighbouring SNPs, yet assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and potentially large number degrees of freedom can harm its statistical power and robustness. Approaches based on principal component analysis (PCA) are preferable in this regard but their performance varies with methods of extracting principal components (PCs). RESULTS PCA-based bootstrap confidence interval test (PCA-BCIT), which directly uses the PC scores to assess gene-disease association, was developed and evaluated for three ways of extracting PCs, i.e., cases only(CAES), controls only(COES) and cases and controls combined(CES). Extraction of PCs with COES is preferred to that with CAES and CES. Performance of the test was examined via simulations as well as analyses on data of rheumatoid arthritis and heroin addiction, which maintains nominal level under null hypothesis and showed comparable performance with permutation test. CONCLUSIONS PCA-BCIT is a valid and powerful method for assessing gene-disease association involving multiple SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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A gene-based method for detecting gene-gene co-association in a case-control association study. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 18:582-7. [PMID: 20029457 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Association study (especially the genome-wide association study) now has a key function in identification and characterization of disease-predisposing genetic variant(s), which customarily involve multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a candidate region or across the genome. Case-control association design remains the most popular and a challenging issue in the statistical analysis is the optimal use of all information contained in these SNPs. Previous approaches often treated gene-gene interaction as deviation from additive genetic effects or replaced it with SNP-SNP interaction. However, these approaches are limited for their failure of consideration of gene-gene interaction or gene-gene co-association at gene level. Although the co-association of the SNPs within a candidate gene can be detected by principal component analysis-based logistic regression model, the detection of co-association between genes in genome remains uncertain. Here, we proposed a canonical correlation-based U statistic (CCU) for detecting gene-based gene-gene co-association in the case-control design. We explored its type I error rates and power through simulation and analyzed two real data sets. By treating gene as a functional unit in analysis, we found that CCU was a strong alternative to previous approaches. We discussed the performance of CCU as a gene-based gene-gene co-association statistic and the prospect of further improvement.
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43
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Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors in the development of personality disturbance. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21:1031-63. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579409990034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA dimensional model of personality disturbance is presented that is defined by extreme values on interacting subsets of seven major personality traits. Being at the extreme has marked effects on the threshold for eliciting those traits under stimulus conditions: that is, the extent to which the environment affects the neurobiological functioning underlying the traits. To explore the nature of development of extreme values on these traits, each trait is discussed in terms of three major issues: (a) the neurobiological variables associated with the trait, (b) individual variation in this neurobiology as a function of genetic polymorphisms, and (c) the effects of environmental adversity on these neurobiological variables through the action of epigenetic processes. It is noted that gene–environment interaction appears to be dependent on two main factors: (a) both genetic and environmental variables appear to have the most profound and enduring effects when they exert their effects during early postnatal periods, times when the forebrain is undergoing exuberant experience–expectant dendritic and axonal growth; and (b) environmental effects on neurobiology are strongly modified by individual differences in “traitlike” functioning of neurobiological variables. A model of the nature of the interaction between environmental and neurobiological variables in the development of personality disturbance is presented.
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44
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Wiers RW, Rinck M, Dictus M, van den Wildenberg E. Relatively strong automatic appetitive action-tendencies in male carriers of the OPRM1 G-allele. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:101-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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A micro opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) and naltrexone treatment response in adherent Korean alcohol-dependent patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 201:611-8. [PMID: 18795264 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have demonstrated an association between genetic polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and response to naltrexone treatment. The Asp40 variant genotype previously shown to be associated with naltrexone treatment response is known to be relatively common among Koreans. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to prospectively investigate the relationship between genotype and response to open-label naltrexone treatment in Korean alcohol-dependent subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three alcohol-dependent subjects were prescribed naltrexone for 12 weeks in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy. Thirty-two subjects were adherent, taking the medication at least 80% of the treatment days [16 Asn40 (A/A) patients and 16 Asp40 variant (A/G or G/G) patients]. RESULTS Subjects adherent to naltrexone treatment with one or two copies of the Asp40 allele took a significantly longer time than the Asn40 group to relapse (p=0.014). Although not significant, the Asn40 group treated with naltrexone had a 10.6 times greater relapse rate than the Asp40 variant group. There was no significant difference between the Asn40 group and the Asp40 variant group treated with naltrexone in rates of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrating a higher therapeutic effect of naltrexone in Korean alcohol-dependent individuals with the Asp40 variant genotype than the Asn40 genotype are consistent with previous study results in individuals of European descent. This is the first study to examine the pharmacogenetics treatment response to naltrexone in non-European subjects.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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47
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Haile CN, Kosten TA, Kosten TR. Pharmacogenetic treatments for drug addiction: alcohol and opiates. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2008; 34:355-81. [PMID: 18584566 DOI: 10.1080/00952990802122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Psychiatric pharmacogenetics involves the use of genetic tests that can predict the effectiveness of treatments for individual patients with mental illness such as drug dependence. This review aims to cover these developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol and opiates, two addictive drugs for which we have the majority of our FDA approved pharmacotherapies. METHODS We conducted a literature review using Medline searching terms related to these two drugs and their pharmacotherapies crossed with related genetic studies. RESULTS Alcohol's physiological and subjective effects are associated with enhanced beta-endorphin release. Naltrexone increases baseline beta-endorphin release blocking further release by alcohol. Naltrexone's action as an alcohol pharmacotherapy is facilitated by a putative functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the opioid mu receptor gene (Al18G) which alters receptor function. Patients with this SNP have significantly lower relapse rates to alcoholism when treated with naltrexone. Caucasians with various forms of the CYP2D6 enzyme results in a 'poor metabolizer' phenotype and appear to be protected from developing opioid dependence. Others with a "ultra-rapid metabolizer" phenotype do poorly on methadone maintenance and have frequent withdrawal symptoms. These patients can do well using buprenorphine because it is not significantly metabolized by CYP2D6. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacogenetics has great potential for improving treatment outcome as we identify gene variants that affect pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors. These mutations guide pharmacotherapeutic agent choice for optimum treatment of alcohol and opiate abuse and subsequent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin N Haile
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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48
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Corley RP, Zeiger JS, Crowley T, Ehringer MA, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Lessem J, McQueen MB, Rhee SH, Smolen A, Stallings MC, Young SE, Krauter K. Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 96:90-8. [PMID: 18384978 PMCID: PMC2574676 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Colorado Center For Antisocial Drug Dependence (CADD) is using several research designs and strategies in its study of the genetic basis for antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. This study reports single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association results from a targeted gene assay (SNP chip) of 231 primarily Caucasian male probands in treatment with antisocial drug dependence and a matched set of community controls. The SNP chip was designed to assay 1500 SNPs distributed across 50 candidate genes that have had associations with substance use disorders and conduct disorder. There was an average gene-wide inter-SNP interval of 3000 base pairs. After eliminating SNPs with poor signals and low minor allele frequencies, 60 nominally significant associations were found among the remaining 1073 SNPs in 18 of 49 candidate genes. Although none of the SNPs achieved genome-wide association significance levels (defined as p<.000001), two genes probed with multiple SNPs (OPRM1 and CHRNA2) emerged as plausible candidates for a role in antisocial drug dependence after gene-based permutation tests. The custom-designed SNP chip served as an effective and flexible platform for rapid interrogation of a large number of plausible candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Correspondence to: Robin P. Corley, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309. E-mail:
| | - Joanna S. Zeiger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Thomas Crowley
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box C268-35, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Christian J. Hopfer
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box C268-35, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Jeffrey Lessem
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Soo Hyun Rhee
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309,Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Susan E. Young
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 347 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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Levran O, Londono D, O'Hara K, Nielsen DA, Peles E, Rotrosen J, Casadonte P, Linzy S, Randesi M, Ott J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:720-9. [PMID: 18518925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heroin addiction is a chronic complex disease with a substantial genetic contribution. This study was designed to identify genetic variants that are associated with susceptibility to develop heroin addiction by analyzing 1350 variants in 130 candidate genes. All subjects had Caucasian ancestry. The sample consisted of 412 former severe heroin addicts in methadone treatment, and 184 healthy controls with no history of drug abuse. Nine variants, in six genes, showed the lowest nominal P values in the association tests (P < 0.01). These variants were in noncoding regions of the genes encoding the mu (OPRM1; rs510769 and rs3778151), kappa (OPRK1; rs6473797) and delta (OPRD1; rs2236861, rs2236857 and rs3766951) opioid receptors; the neuropeptide galanin (GAL; rs694066); the serotonin receptor subtype 3B (HTR3B; rs3758987) and the casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon (CSNK1E; rs1534891). Several haplotypes and multilocus genotype patterns showed nominally significant associations (e.g. OPRM1; P = 0.0006 and CSNK1E; P = 0.0007). Analysis of a combined effect of OPRM1 and OPRD1 showed that rs510769 and rs2236861 increase the risk of heroin addiction (P = 0.0005). None of these associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. This study suggests the involvement of several genes and variants in heroin addiction, which is worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Ehlers CL, Lind PA, Wilhelmsen KC. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and self-reported responses to alcohol in American Indians. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:35. [PMID: 18433502 PMCID: PMC2386778 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in response to the hedonic and adverse effects of a substance is in part an inherited factor that may influence its use, abuse and dependence. The mu opioid receptor is the primary site of action for opiates and individuals with polymorphisms in this receptor appear to have variation in the CNS effects of opiates. Several studies have suggested that this receptor may also mediate some of the effects of non-opioid drugs, such as alcohol. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) with self-reported responses to alcohol, an endophenotype associated with the development of alcohol dependence, in American Indians living on eight contiguous reservations. METHODS Each participant gave a blood sample and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Additionally, response to alcohol was indexed using the expectation version of the subjective high assessment scale (SHAS-E). SNPs were genotyped in 251 participants and data analyses were conducted using SOLAR. RESULTS The estimated heritability (h2) for the SHAS-E phenotypes ranged from 0.01 to 0.28. Endorsing the expectation of a more intense response on one or more of the following items from the SHAS-E: buzzed, clumsy, dizzy, drunk, effects, high, nausea, sleepy, talkative, terrible, and/or uncomfortable after imbibing 2-3 drinks was significantly associated with having at least one minor allele for at least one of 7 SNPs (p < 0.01) in the OPRM1 receptor gene. CONCLUSION These studies provide data to suggest that the minor allele, for most of the polymorphisms in the OPRM1 receptor gene investigated, was found to be associated with a more intense, and/or more adverse, response to alcohol, traits that are significantly correlated with lowered quantity of alcohol consumption and less susceptibility to dependence in this Indian population. These data further suggest that making conclusions on the role of the mu opiod receptor gene in the development of alcohol dependence may be limited if only one polymorphism in the gene is evaluated in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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