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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA. Turning Back the Clock: A Retrospective Single-Blind Study on Brain Age Change in Response to Nutraceuticals Supplementation vs. Lifestyle Modifications. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030520. [PMID: 36979330 PMCID: PMC10046544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual's risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate predictor of mortality than actual CA. In this context, BA measures the "true" age, which is an integrated result of an individual's level of damage accumulation across all levels of biological organization, along with preserved resources. The BA is plastic and depends upon epigenetics. Brain state is an important factor contributing to health- and lifespan. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)-derived brain BA (BBA) is a suitable and promising measure of brain aging. In the present study, we aimed to show that BBA can be decelerated or even reversed in humans (N = 89) by using customized programs of nutraceutical compounds or lifestyle changes (mean duration = 13 months). RESULTS We observed that BBA was younger than CA in both groups at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the BBA of the participants in the nutraceuticals group was 2.83 years younger at the endpoint of the intervention compared with their BBA score at the beginning of the intervention, while the BBA of the participants in the lifestyle group was only 0.02 years younger at the end of the intervention. These results were accompanied by improvements in mental-physical health comorbidities in both groups. The pre-intervention BBA score and the sex of the participants were considered confounding factors and analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the obtained results support the feasibility of the goal of this study and also provide the first robust evidence that halting and reversal of brain aging are possible in humans within a reasonable (practical) timeframe of approximately one year.
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Gonzalez B, Tare A, Ryu S, Johnson SC, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Kaeberlein M, Suh Y. High-throughput sequencing analysis of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes reveals a genetic signature of human longevity. GeroScience 2023; 45:311-330. [PMID: 35948858 PMCID: PMC9886794 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known contributor to aging and age-related diseases. The precise mechanisms through which mitochondria impact human lifespan, however, remain unclear. We hypothesize that humans with exceptional longevity harbor rare variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (mitonuclear genes) that confer resistance against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we report an integrated functional genomics study to identify rare functional variants in ~ 660 mitonuclear candidate genes discovered by target capture sequencing analysis of 496 centenarians and 572 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. We identify and prioritize longevity-associated variants, genes, and mitochondrial pathways that are enriched with rare variants. We provide functional gene variants such as those in MTOR (Y2396Lfs*29), CPS1 (T1406N), and MFN2 (G548*) as well as LRPPRC (S1378G) that is predicted to affect mitochondrial translation. Taken together, our results suggest a functional role for specific mitonuclear genes and pathways in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Archana Tare
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Genetics and Development, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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A Skeletal Muscle-Centric View on Time-Restricted Feeding and Obesity under Various Metabolic Challenges in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010422. [PMID: 36613864 PMCID: PMC9820735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of adults will suffer from obesity in the U.S. by 2030. High obesity rates can lead to high economic and healthcare burdens in addition to elevated mortality rates and reduced health span in patients. Emerging data demonstrate that obesity is a multifactorial complex disease with various etiologies including aging, a lifestyle of chronic high-fat diets (HFD), genetic predispositions, and circadian disruption. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF; TRE in humans) is an intervention demonstrated by studies to show promise as an effective alternative therapy for ameliorating the effects of obesity and metabolic disease. New studies have recently suggested that TRF/TRE modulates the skeletal muscle which plays a crucial role in metabolism historically observed to be impaired under obesity. Here we discuss recent findings regarding potential mechanisms underlying TRF's modulation of skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and structure which may shed light on future research related to TRF as a solution to obesity.
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Frasca D. Several areas of overlap between obesity and aging indicate obesity as a biomarker of accelerated aging of human B cell function and antibody responses. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 36289515 PMCID: PMC9598013 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are high risk factors for several conditions and diseases. They are both associated with systemic inflammation and they are both ameliorated by a healthy life style, suggesting that they may share cellular and molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms. A close relationship between aging and obesity is also supported by the observation that the aging overweight/obese population is increasing worldwide, and mechanisms involved will be presented here. A focus of our work is to evaluate if obesity may be considered a good biomarker of accelerated aging of human antibody responses. We will summarize our published results showing the effects of obesity in accelerating age defects in the peripheral B cell pool and how these lead to dysfunctional humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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5
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Liu N, Liu M, Sun C, Qi B, Sun K, Wei X, Ma Y, Zhu L. Discovering the Potential Value of Coenzyme Q10 in Oxidative Stress: Enlightenment From a Synthesis of Clinical Evidence Based on Various Population. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936233. [PMID: 35910386 PMCID: PMC9330130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with ferroptosis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as an adjuvant treatment, has shown to be beneficial against OS. However, the efficacy of CoQ10 as a therapeutic agent against OS has not been promptly updated and systematically investigated. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, CBM, Science direct and clinical trial. gov to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation on OS parameters. Standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for net changes in OS parameters using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-one randomized clinical studies met the eligibility criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. Overall, CoQ10 supplementation increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes [including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.88; p < 0.001), catalase (CAT) (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI:0.16 to 0.72; p = 0.002)] significantly and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD = -0.68; 95% CI: 0.93 to -0.43; p < 0.001) was decreased considerably. However, significant associations were not observed between this supplement and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Conclusion: CoQ10 can improve OS as indicated by statistical significance in CAT and MDA concentrations, as well as SOD activity. Future studies focusing on long-term results and specific valuation of OS parameters are required to confirm the efficacy of CoQ10 on OS. We also believe that with the further research on ferroptosis, CoQ10 will gain more attention. Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/], identifier [INPLASY2021120123].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyu Qi
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wei, ; Yong Ma, ; Liguo Zhu,
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wei, ; Yong Ma, ; Liguo Zhu,
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wei, ; Yong Ma, ; Liguo Zhu,
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Chen L, Li Z, Zeng T, Zhang YH, Li H, Huang T, Cai YD. Predicting gene phenotype by multi-label multi-class model based on essential functional features. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:905-918. [PMID: 33914130 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype is one of the most significant concepts in genetics, which is used to describe all the characteristics of a research object that can be observed. Considering that phenotype reflects the integrated features of genotype and environment factors, it is hard to define phenotype characteristics, even difficult to predict unknown phenotypes. Restricted by current biological techniques, it is still quite expensive and time-consuming to obtain sufficient structural information of large-scale phenotype-associated genes/proteins. Various bioinformatics methods have been presented to solve such problem, and researchers have confirmed the efficacy and prediction accuracy of functional network-based prediction. But general functional descriptions have highly complicated inner structures for phenotype prediction. To further address this issue and improve the efficacy of phenotype prediction on more than ten kinds of phenotypes, we first extract functional enrichment features from GO and KEGG, and then use node2vec to learn functional embedding features of genes from a gene-gene network. All these features are analyzed by some feature selection methods (Boruta, minimum redundancy maximum relevance) to generate a feature list. Such list is fed into the incremental feature selection, incorporating some multi-label classifiers built by RAkEL and some classic base classifiers, to build an optimum multi-label multi-class classification model for phenotype prediction. According to recent researches, our method has indeed identified many literature-supported genes/proteins and their associated phenotypes, and even some candidate genes with re-assigned new phenotypes, which provide a new computational tool for the accurate and effective phenotypic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.,College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, 130052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, 130052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Tao T, Shao R, Hu Y. The Effects of Childhood Circumstances on Health in Middle and Later Life: Evidence From China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:642520. [PMID: 33614591 PMCID: PMC7888477 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.642520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examined the relationship between childhood circumstances and health in middle and later life. We quantified how childhood circumstances contribute to health in later life, both directly and indirectly, through their effects on potential mediators. Methods: This study used three waves of data from the national longitudinal survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The final model in this study included 7,476 eligible respondents aged 45 years and above. We constructed a simple health status measure based on the first principal component of CHARLS survey responses with 25 health-related information. It is a multi-dimensional measurement that comprehensively reflects the individual's healthy aging. We formulated childhood circumstances factors into five domains: childhood health and nutrition, childhood socioeconomic status, access to health care, parental genetics, and adverse childhood experiences. Ordered logit regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between health in middle and later life and childhood circumstances, with other explanatory variables controlled. Results: Controlling for educational attainment, personal income, and health status in the last wave, adults who experience good childhood health (poor as the base, coefficient 0.448, p < 0.01), and better family financial status (worse as the base, coefficient 0.173, p < 0.01) have significantly better health during their middle and later life, in comparison, being inconvenient to visit a doctor (coefficient −0.178, p < 0.01), and having two or three adverse childhood experiences (0 as the base, coefficient −0.148, p < 0.01) are significantly associated with poorer health. Childhood circumstances appear to act both through a lasting effect of initial health and financial status in childhood and through their impact on achievements in adulthood. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that investments in health during childhood not only contribute to health in later life but also dynamically improve an individual's educational attainment and personal income, as well as other life prospects. All these returns may extend far beyond childhood and continue throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tao
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Shao
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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8
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Terraneo M. The Effect of Material and Social Deprivation on Well-Being of Elderly in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2020; 51:167-181. [PMID: 33342332 DOI: 10.1177/0020731420981856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, attention is paid to 2 explanatory factors of successful aging. The first is material deprivation. There is growing evidence that poverty is associated with the onset of physical and mental disorders and, broadly, with aspects such as life satisfaction and happiness. The second factor is social deprivation. Social exclusion affects health due to lack of emotional and concrete support; moreover, participation in social activities among older people is associated with greater longevity and a lower risk of disability. The study describes the effect of material and social deprivation on depression (measured through the EURO-D scale) and quality of life (through CASP-12 scale), for individuals aged 50 and older in 14 European countries. Data is derived from Wave 5 of the SHARE project. To estimate the effect of material and social deprivation on outcomes and to determine whether it is moderated by the country in which people live, we apply 2 multi-group path models, respectively, for people aged 65 or younger and for those aged 66 years or older. Findings indicate that higher material and social deprivation is associated with greater levels of stress and worse quality of life. The effect of social deprivation would be stronger than that of material deprivation, and this result seems to be valid in all countries considered, although their intensity varies significantly between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terraneo
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, 165458University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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9
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Skeletal glucocorticoid signalling determines leptin resistance and obesity in aging mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101098. [PMID: 33045434 PMCID: PMC7596342 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aging and chronic glucocorticoid excess share a number of critical features, including the development of central obesity, insulin resistance and osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that skeletal glucocorticoid signalling increases with aging and that osteoblasts mediate the detrimental skeletal and metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoid excess. Here, we investigated whether endogenous glucocorticoid action in the skeleton contributes to metabolic dysfunction during normal aging. Methods Mice lacking glucocorticoid signalling in osteoblasts and osteocytes (HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice) and their wild-type littermates were studied until 3, 6, 12 and 18 months of age. Body composition, adipose tissue morphology, skeletal gene expression and glucose/insulin tolerance were assessed at each timepoint. Leptin sensitivity was assessed by arcuate nucleus STAT3 phosphorylation and inhibition of feeding following leptin administration. Tissue-specific glucose uptake and adipose tissue oxygen consumption rate were also measured. Results As they aged, wild-type mice became obese and insulin-resistant. In contrast, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained lean and insulin-sensitive during aging. Obesity in wild-type mice was due to leptin resistance, evidenced by an impaired ability of exogenous leptin to suppress food intake and phosphorylate hypothalamic STAT3, from 6 months of age onwards. In contrast, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained leptin-sensitive throughout the study. Compared to HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, leptin-resistant wild-type mice displayed attenuated sympathetic outflow, with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the hypothalamus and thermogenic adipose tissues. Adipose tissue oxygen consumption rate declined progressively in aging wild-type mice but was maintained in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice. At 18 months of age, adipose tissue glucose uptake was increased 3.7-fold in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, compared to wild-type mice. Conclusions Skeletal glucocorticoid signalling is critical for the development of leptin resistance, obesity and insulin resistance during aging. These findings underscore the skeleton's importance in the regulation of body weight and implicate osteoblastic/osteocytic glucocorticoid signalling in the aetiology of aging-related obesity and metabolic disease. As they aged, wild-type CD1 mice became hyperphagic, obese and insulin-resistant. Mice lacking skeletal glucocorticoid signalling (HSD2OB/OCY-tg) were lean and healthy. Unlike wild-type mice, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained leptin-sensitive during aging. Adipose tissue sympathetic outflow was maintained in aging HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice.
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10
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Abstract
Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable mortalities in many parts of the globe. The rise in geriatric population due to better treatment opportunities has also emerged as a major public health challenge. Both of these health challenges have impacted developed as well as developing countries. Obesity is attributed as a powerful risk factor of a variety of health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, neuropsychiatric diseases and many more. On the other hand, ageing is a natural process involving a gradual decline in physiological functions and is associated with similar co-morbidities as obesity. This review discusses about the commonalities (termed as ‘Obesageing') between the pathological phenomenon of obesity and normal physiological process of ageing. A unique rodent model of obesageing has been developed (WNIN/Ob) that has characteristics of morbid obesity as well as premature ageing. Such a novel animal model would facilitate the understanding of the complex interplay of different mechanisms that are common to obesity and ageing and help to devise strategies in future to tackle the growing burden of obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sinha
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad; Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Manchala Raghunath
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Hook M, Roy S, Williams EG, Bou Sleiman M, Mozhui K, Nelson JF, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Genetic cartography of longevity in humans and mice: Current landscape and horizons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2718-2732. [PMID: 29410319 PMCID: PMC6066442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and highly variable process. Heritability of longevity among humans and other species is low, and this finding has given rise to the idea that it may be futile to search for DNA variants that modulate aging. We argue that the problem in mapping longevity genes is mainly one of low power and the genetic and environmental complexity of aging. In this review we highlight progress made in mapping genes and molecular networks associated with longevity, paying special attention to work in mice and humans. We summarize 40 years of linkage studies using murine cohorts and 15 years of studies in human populations that have exploited candidate gene and genome-wide association methods. A small but growing number of gene variants contribute to known longevity mechanisms, but a much larger set have unknown functions. We outline these and other challenges and suggest some possible solutions, including more intense collaboration between research communities that use model organisms and human cohorts. Once hundreds of gene variants have been linked to differences in longevity in mammals, it will become feasible to systematically explore gene-by-environmental interactions, dissect mechanisms with more assurance, and evaluate the roles of epistasis and epigenetics in aging. A deeper understanding of complex networks-genetic, cellular, physiological, and social-should position us well to improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James F Nelson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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12
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Impact of Aging on Endurance and Neuromuscular Physical Performance: The Role of Vascular Senescence. Sports Med 2018; 47:583-598. [PMID: 27459861 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The portion of society aged ≥60 years is the fastest growing population in the Western hemisphere. Aging is associated with numerous changes to systemic physiology that affect physical function and performance. We present a narrative review of the literature aimed at discussing the age-related changes in various metrics of physical performance (exercise economy, anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake, muscle strength, and power). It also explores aging exercise physiology as it relates to global physical performance. Finally, this review examines the vascular contributions to aging exercise physiology. Numerous studies have shown that older adults exhibit substantial reductions in physical performance. The process of decline in endurance capacity is particularly insidious over the age of 60 years and varies considerably as a function of sex, task specificity, and individual training status. Starting at the age of 50 years, aging also implicates an impressive deterioration of neuromuscular function, affecting muscle strength and power. Muscle atrophy, together with minor deficits in the structure and function of the nervous system and/or impairments in intrinsic muscle quality, plays an important role in the development of neuromotor senescence. Large artery stiffness increases as a function of age, thus triggering subsequent changes in pulsatile hemodynamics and systemic endothelial dysfunction. For this reason, we propose that vascular senescence has a negative impact on cerebral, cardiac, and neuromuscular structure and function, detrimentally affecting physical performance.
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Abstract
Objective: The life course perspective and representative U.S. data are used to test Rowe and Kahn’s Successful Aging (SA) conceptualization. Four sets of influences (childhood experiences, social structural factors, adult attainments, and later life behaviors) on SA transitions are examined to determine the relative role of structural factors and individual behaviors in SA. Method: Eight waves of Health and Retirement Study data for 12,108 respondents, 51 years and older, are used in logistic regression models predicting transitions out of SA status. Results: Social structural factors and childhood experiences had a persistent influence on transitions from SA, even after accounting for adult attainments and later life behaviors—both of which also impact SA outcomes. Discussion: The findings on sustained social structural influences call into question claims regarding the modifiability of SA outcomes originally made in presentation of the SA model. Implications for policy and the focus and timing of intervention are considered.
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14
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Ferdows NB, Jensen GA, Tarraf W. Healthy Aging After Age 65: A Life-Span Health Production Function Approach. Res Aging 2017; 40:480-507. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027517713312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the determinants of healthy aging using Grossman’s framework of a health production function. Healthy aging, sometimes described as successful aging, is produced using a variety of inputs, determined in early life, young adulthood, midlife, and later life. A healthy aging production function is estimated using nationally representative data from the 2010 and 2012 Health and Retirement Study on 7,355 noninstitutionalized seniors. Using a simultaneous equation mediation model, we quantify how childhood factors contribute to healthy aging, both directly and indirectly through their effects on mediating adult outcomes. We find that favorable childhood conditions significantly improve healthy aging scores, both directly and indirectly, mediated through education, income, and wealth. We also find that good health habits have positive effects on healthy aging that are larger in magnitude than the effects of childhood factors. Our findings suggest that exercising, maintaining proper weight, and not smoking are likely to translate into healthier aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim B. Ferdows
- Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gail A. Jensen
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Economics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Apolipoprotein C-I Polymorphism and Its Association with Serum Lipid Levels and Longevity in the Bama Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050505. [PMID: 28486432 PMCID: PMC5451956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the association between the apolipoprotein C-I polymorphism and the longevity and genetic variants in ApoC-I that can influence the serum lipid levels in Bama. ApoC-I genotypes were determined by Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays in 178 long-lived inhabitants (longevity group aged from 90 to 110 years), 147 healthy controls (Control 1 group aged from 40 to 79 years old) from Bama County, and 190 healthy controls (Control 2 group aged from 40 to 79 years old) from Nandan County without a family history of longevity. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16.0. All genotype distributions of rs584007 and rs4420638 were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) among the longevity and the two control groups (χ² = 11.238, p = 0.024) for rs584007. No significant differences were observed in the frequencies of the three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) among the longevity and the two control groups (χ² = 4.587, p = 0.318) for rs4420638. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were not different among the three genotypes of rs584007 in the three groups. The levels of HDL-c for GG, AG, and AA were significantly different (the highest being in the longevity group), while the levels of TG for AA and AG genotypes (the lowest being in the longevity group) and the levels of LDL-c for AG were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three groups for rs584007. The levels of TG and HDL-c were significantly different among the three rs4420638 genotypes in the longevity group. The levels of TC for GG, AG, and AA were significantly different in the Control 2 group, while the levels of TG and HDL-c for AA and AG genotypes were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three groups for rs4420638. The level of HDL-c was highest in the longevity group for AA and AG genotypes, and the level of TG was highest in the Control 2 group for rs4420638. Serum lipid parameters were related to environmental factors, including age, gender, BMI, DBP, SBP, rs4420638, and rs584007. The ApoC-I polymorphism might be one of the genetic factors of longevity in Bama. The ApoC-I rs4420638 and rs584007 SNPs are associated with serum TG and HDL-c levels in the longevous population.
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Foebel AD, Pedersen NL. Genetic Influences on Functional Capacities in Aging. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 56 Suppl 2:S218-29. [PMID: 26994262 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Older populations are characterized by great heterogeneity in functional capacities and understanding the factors underlying these differences has been a major area of research for some decades. Genetic differences arguably play an important role in the heterogeneity observed for many outcomes among older individuals. However, the role of genes in the variation and trajectories of functional capacities in older age is poorly understood. This review was conducted to explore the evidence for genetic influences on physical functional capacities in aging. DESIGN AND METHODS This rapid review was conducted using the following criteria: journal articles retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, AgeLine, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases including the key words: genetics, genotype, polymorphism, physical or functional performance, functional capacity, activities of daily living, older, and elderly. In total, 118 articles were included for initial review. RESULTS The heritability of objective measures of physical function ranges from 30% to 60% in studies of older twins. There is a paucity of evidence about genetic influences on functional capacities, but some candidate genes related to functional capacity have been identified. IMPLICATIONS No strong candidate genes exist for functional capacities. Current methodologies are beginning to generate new evidence about genetic influences on overall physical function at older ages, but the variety of measures of functional capacity makes evidence difficult to compare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Foebel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Li Y, Liang G, Shi L, Liang X, Long B, Qin J, Zhang Z. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) rs662 Polymorphism and Its Association with Serum Lipid Levels and Longevity in the Bama Zhuang Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5154-5162. [PMID: 28027289 PMCID: PMC5214702 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was performed to identify the association of PON1 rs662 polymorphism with serum lipid levels and human longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. Material/Methods PON1 genotypes were determined by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays in 110 long-lived inhabitants (longevity group, aged 90–110 years), 110 healthy inhabitants in Bama County (control 1 group, aged 43–82 years) and 110 healthy inhabitants in Nandan County (control 2 group, aged 28–82 years) without family history of longevity. Results BMI (body mass index) and TG (serum total triglyceride) level were lower in the longevity group than in the two control groups, while the contents of serum LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the levels of SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in the longevity group were higher than in the two control groups (p<0.01). Significant differences in the frequencies of three genotypes (GG, AG, and AA) were observed between the longevity group and control 2 group (χ2=15.190, p=0.001). The minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs662 was significantly higher in the longevity group than in the two control groups. The levels of HDL-c in the longevity group were different among the three genotypes (p<0.05). The levels of TG for GG and GG+AG genotypes were significantly different, while the levels of TC (total cholesterol) and HDL-c for AG and GG+AG genotypes were significantly different among the three groups (p<0.05). Serum lipid parameters were correlated with several environmental factors, including age, gender, DBP, SBP, and BMI. The association of PON1 rs662 polymorphism and serum lipid levels was different among the three groups. Conclusions PON1 polymorphism might be one of the genetic factors of longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. The PON1 rs662 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was associated with serum HDL-c levels in the longevity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guiyun Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Liwei Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bingshuang Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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18
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Goveas JS, Rapp SR, Hogan PE, Driscoll I, Tindle HA, Smith JC, Kesler SR, Zaslavsky O, Rossom RC, Ockene JK, Yaffe K, Manson JE, Resnick SM, Espeland MA. Predictors of Optimal Cognitive Aging in 80+ Women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71 Suppl 1:S62-71. [PMID: 26858326 PMCID: PMC4759985 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent predictors of preserved cognitive functioning and factors associated with maintaining high preserved cognitive function in women ≥ 80 years remain elusive. METHODS Two thousand two hundred twenty-eight women with a mean age of 85 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study were classified as cognitively normal (n = 1,905, 85.5%), mild cognitive impairment (n = 88, 3.9%), dementia (n = 121, 5.4%) or other cognitive impairment (n = 114, n = 5.1%) by central adjudication. Global cognitive functioning was assessed using telephone interview for cognitive status-modified in those women who did not meet cognitive impairment criteria. Differences between women grouped by cognitive status with respect to each potential risk factor were assessed using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to select factors that were independently associated with cognitive status. RESULTS Factors associated with preserved cognitive functioning were younger age, higher education, and family incomes, being non-Hispanic white, better emotional wellbeing, fewer depressive symptoms, more insomnia complaints, being free of diabetes, and not carrying the apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele. Cognitively normal women who demonstrated sustained high preserved cognition were younger, more educated, and endorsed better self-reported general health, emotional wellbeing, and higher physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS Addressing sociodemographic disparities such as income inequality, and targeting interventions to improve depressive symptoms and vascular risk factors, including diabetes, may play an important role in preserving cognition among women who survive to 80 years of age. Person-centered approaches that combine interventions to improve physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning may promote maintenance of high preserved cognitive health in the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
| | | | - Patricia E Hogan
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Shelli R Kesler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science and Social Welfare, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Rebecca C Rossom
- HealthPartners Insitute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Judith K Ockene
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Jura M, Kozak LP. Obesity and related consequences to ageing. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:23. [PMID: 26846415 PMCID: PMC5005878 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health problem. Given the current increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of obesity also raises steadily among older age groups. The increase in life expectancy is often accompanied with additional years of susceptibility to chronic ill health associated with obesity in the elderly. Both obesity and ageing are conditions leading to serious health problems and increased risk for disease and death. Ageing is associated with an increase in abdominal obesity, a major contributor to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity in the elderly is thus a serious concern and comprehension of the key mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases has become a necessary matter. Here, we aimed to identify similarities underlying mechanisms related to both obesity and ageing. We bring together evidence that age-related changes in body fat distribution and metabolism might be key factors of a vicious cycle that can accelerate the ageing process and onset of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jura
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Leslie P Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Temel M, Koç MN, Ulutaş S, Göğebakan B. The expression levels of the sirtuins in patients with BCC. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6429-35. [PMID: 26631040 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common tumor in humans. Reduced expression of sirtuins interferes with DNA repair, which may cause mutations and genomic instability, and eventually leads to tumor development. In the present study, we investigate the expression levels of SIRT genes in non-tumoral and tumor tissues of patients with BCC. A total of 27 patients (16 males, 11 females) with BCC were included in the study; the mean age was 65.40 ± 10.74 years and mean follow-up was 2.5 ± 0.5 years. There were multiple synchronous lesions in six patients, and the remaining 21 patients had a single lesion. Tumor and non-tumoral tissue samples were collected from all patients, and mRNA expression levels of SIRT1-7 (Sirt1.1, Sirt1.2, Sirt2, Sirt3, Sirt4, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7) were examined by real-time PCR. The results showed that expressions of SIRT1.1, SIRT1.2, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7 mRNAs were unchanged in tumor tissues of BCC patients compared with non-tumoral tissue samples. Importantly, the expressions of SIRT2 and SIRT3 mRNAs were significantly reduced in tumor tissue samples from BCC patients compared with non-tumoral tissues (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). In light of the previous reports that have demonstrated a link between SIRT proteins and cancer, our findings suggest that SIRT2 and SIRT3 may plan important roles in BCC pathogenesis and could be candidate prognostic biomarkers for BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Temel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Nihat Koç
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ulutaş
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Bülent Göğebakan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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21
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Barron E, Lara J, White M, Mathers JC. Blood-borne biomarkers of mortality risk: systematic review of cohort studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127550. [PMID: 26039142 PMCID: PMC4454670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifespan and the proportion of older people in the population are increasing, with far reaching consequences for the social, political and economic landscape. Unless accompanied by an increase in health span, increases in age-related diseases will increase the burden on health care resources. Intervention studies to enhance healthy ageing need appropriate outcome measures, such as blood-borne biomarkers, which are easily obtainable, cost-effective, and widely accepted. To date there have been no systematic reviews of blood-borne biomarkers of mortality. AIM To conduct a systematic review to identify available blood-borne biomarkers of mortality that can be used to predict healthy ageing post-retirement. METHODS Four databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched. We included prospective cohort studies with a minimum of two years follow up and data available for participants with a mean age of 50 to 75 years at baseline. RESULTS From a total of 11,555 studies identified in initial searches, 23 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifty-one blood borne biomarkers potentially predictive of mortality risk were identified. In total, 20 biomarkers were associated with mortality risk. Meta-analyses of mortality risk showed significant associations with C-reactive protein (Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality 1.42, p<0.001; Cancer-mortality 1.62, p<0.009; CVD-mortality 1.31, p = 0.033), N Terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality 1.43, p<0.001; CHD-mortality 1.58, p<0.001; CVD-mortality 1.67, p<0.001) and white blood cell count (Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality 1.36, p = 0.001). There was also evidence that brain natriuretic peptide, cholesterol fractions, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, granulocytes, homocysteine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, neutrophils, osteoprotegerin, procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide, serum uric acid, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and tumour necrosis factor receptor II may predict mortality risk. There was equivocal evidence for the utility of 14 biomarkers and no association with mortality risk for CD40 ligand, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, ferritin, haemoglobin, interleukin-12, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, myelopereoxidase, P-selectin, receptor activator of nuclear factor KappaB ligand, sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, transferrin, and thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine. CONCLUSIONS Twenty biomarkers should be prioritised as potential predictors of mortality in future studies. More studies using standardised protocols and reporting methods, and which focus on mortality rather than risk of disease or health status as an outcome, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Barron
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin White
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
- Fuse, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
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Feng Q, Son J, Zeng Y. Prevalence and correlates of successful ageing: a comparative study between China and South Korea. Eur J Ageing 2015; 12:83-94. [PMID: 28804348 PMCID: PMC5549135 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-014-0329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful ageing is often defined as a later life with less disease and disease-related disability, high level of cognitive and physical functions, and an active life style. Few studies have compared successful ageing across different societies in a non-Western social context. This study aims to compare prevalence and correlates of successful ageing between China and South Korea. The data come from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). A total of 19,346 community-dwelling elders over 65 years were included, 15,191 from China and 4,155 from Korea. A multidimensional construct of successful ageing was used, with the criteria of no major comorbidity, being free of disability, good mental health, engaging in social or productive activity, and satisfaction on life. Correlates of successful ageing included demographics (gender, age, and rural/urban residence), socioeconomic features (financial status, education, and spouse accompany), and health behaviours (smoking, alcohol-drinking, and exercising). The results showed that 18.6 % of the older adults in China was successful agers, which was less than 25.2 % in Korea. When gender and age were adjusted, older adults were 51 % less likely to be successful agers in China than Korea (p < 0.001). The association patterns between successful ageing and its correlates are similar between China and Korea. However, before the socioeconomic variables are under control, rural residence was negatively related to successful ageing in China, whereas this is not the case in Korea. And the gender gap of successful ageing was mostly explained by socioeconomic features and health behaviours in Korea, but not in China. In both countries, good financial condition was highly associated with successful ageing. The study suggests that advancement of public health system could better control progression of non-communicable diseases among old people and thus promote successful ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiush Feng
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joonmo Son
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Zeng
- Duke University, Durham, USA
- Peking University, Beijing, China
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23
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Abstract
Numerous genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to aging. To facilitate the study of these factors, various descriptors of biological aging, including 'successful aging' and 'frailty', have been put forth as integrative functional measures of aging. A separate but related quantitative approach is the 'frailty index', which has been operationalized and frequently used. Various frailty indices have been constructed. Although based on different numbers and types of health variables, frailty indices possess several common properties that make them useful across different studies. We have been using a frailty index termed FI34 based on 34 health variables. Like other frailty indices, FI34 increases non-linearly with advancing age and is a better indicator of biological aging than chronological age. FI34 has a substantial genetic basis. Using FI34, we found elevated levels of resting metabolic rate linked to declining health in nonagenarians. Using FI34 as a quantitative phenotype, we have also found a genomic region on chromosome 12 that is associated with healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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24
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Rana BK, Darst BF, Bloss C, Shih PAB, Depp C, Nievergelt CM, Allison M, Parsons JK, Schork N, Jeste DV. Candidate SNP associations of optimism and resilience in older adults: exploratory study of 935 community-dwelling adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:997-1006.e5. [PMID: 24791650 PMCID: PMC4163500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimism and resilience promote health and well-being in older adults, and previous reports suggest that these traits are heritable. We examined the association of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with optimism and resilience in older adults. DESIGN Candidate gene association study that was a follow-on at the University of California, San Diego, sites of two NIH-funded multi-site longitudinal investigations: Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and SELenium and vitamin E Cancer prevention Trial (SELECT). PARTICIPANTS 426 women from WHI older than age 50 years, and 509 men older than age 55 years (age 50 years for African American men) from SELECT. MEASUREMENTS 65 candidate gene SNPs that were judged by consensus, based on a literature review, as being related to predisposition to optimism and resilience, and 31 ancestry informative marker SNPs, genotyped from blood-based DNA samples and self-report scales for trait optimism, resilience, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Using a Bonferroni threshold for significant association (p = 0.00089), there were no significant associations for individual SNPs with optimism or resilience in single-locus analyses. Exploratory multi-locus polygenic analyses with p <0.05 showed an association of optimism with SNPs in MAOA, IL10, and FGG genes, and an association of resilience with a SNP in MAOA gene. CONCLUSIONS Correcting for Type I errors, there were no significant associations of optimism and resilience with specific gene SNPs in single-locus analyses. Positive psychological traits are likely to be genetically complex, with many loci having small effects contributing to phenotypic variation. Our exploratory multi-locus polygenic analyses suggest that larger sample sizes and complementary approaches involving methods such as sequence-based association studies, copy number variation analyses, and pathway-based analyses could be useful for better understanding the genetic basis of these positive psychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinda K Rana
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Cinnamon Bloss
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pei-An Betty Shih
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Colin Depp
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - J Kellogg Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Dilip V Jeste
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA.
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Kendig H, Browning CJ, Thomas SA, Wells Y. Health, lifestyle, and gender influences on aging well: an Australian longitudinal analysis to guide health promotion. Front Public Health 2014; 2:70. [PMID: 25072042 PMCID: PMC4078909 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary societal goal for aging is enabling older people to continue to live well as long as possible. The evidence base around aging well ("healthy," "active," and "successful" aging) has been constructed mainly from academic and professional conceptualizations of mortality, morbidity, functioning, and psychological well-being with some attention to lay views. Our study aims to inform action on health promotion to achieve aging well as conceptualized by qualitative research identifying what older Australians themselves value most: continuing to live as long as possible in the community with independence in daily living, and good self-rated health and psychological well-being. Multivariate survival analyses from the Melbourne longitudinal studies on healthy aging program found that important threats to aging well for the total sample over a 12-year period were chronological age, multi-morbidity, low perceived social support, low nutritional score, and being under-weight. For men, threats to aging well were low strain, perceived inadequacy of social activity, and being a current smoker. For women, urinary incontinence, low physical activity and being under-weight were threats to aging well. The findings indicate that healthy lifestyles can assist aging well, and suggest the value of taking gender into account in health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal Kendig
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing (CEPAR), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colette J. Browning
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing (CEPAR), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shane A. Thomas
- School of Primary Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Wells
- Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sebastiani P, Bae H, Sun FX, Andersen SL, Daw EW, Malovini A, Kojima T, Hirose N, Schupf N, Puca A, Perls TT. Meta‐analysis of genetic variants associated with human exceptional longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 5:653-61. [PMID: 24244950 PMCID: PMC3808698 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence from family studies that there is a strong genetic influence upon exceptional longevity, relatively few genetic variants have been associated with this trait. One reason could be that many genes individually have such weak effects that they cannot meet standard thresholds of genome wide significance, but as a group in specific combinations of genetic variations, they can have a strong influence. Previously we reported that such genetic signatures of 281 genetic markers associated with about 130 genes can do a relatively good job of differentiating centenarians from non-centenarians particularly if the centenarians are 106 years and older. This would support our hypothesis that the genetic influence upon exceptional longevity increases with older and older (and rarer) ages. We investigated this list of markers using similar genetic data from 5 studies of centenarians from the USA, Europe and Japan. The results from the meta-analysis show that many of these variants are associated with survival to these extreme ages in other studies. Since many centenarians compress morbidity and disability towards the end of their lives, these results could point to biological pathways and therefore new therapeutics to increase years of healthy lives in the general population.
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Pietrzak RH, Tsai J, Kirwin PD, Southwick SM. Successful aging among older veterans in the United States. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:551-63. [PMID: 23567414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a unidimensional latent model of successful aging and to evaluate sociodemographic, medical, psychiatric, and psychosocial correlates of this construct in a nationally representative sample of older veterans in the United States. METHODS Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional web survey of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 to 96 years who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Self-report measures of sociodemographics; subjective physical, mental, and cognitive functioning; and psychosocial characteristics were used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to construct a unidimensional latent factor of successful aging. Correlates of scores on this factor were then evaluated. RESULTS Most older veterans (82.1%) rated themselves as aging successfully. A unidimensional latent factor composed of seven measures of self-rated successful aging, quality of life, and physical, mental, cognitive, and social functioning provided a good fit to the data. Physical health difficulties (β = -0.39) and current psychological distress (β = -0.33) were most strongly negatively related to scores on this latent factor of successful aging, while protective psychosocial characteristics (β = 0.22), most notably resilience, gratitude, and purpose in life, were most strongly positively related to these scores. Additional positive predictors of successful aging included White, non-Hispanic race, being married or living with partner, perceiving a positive effect of the military on one's life, active lifestyle, positive expectations regarding aging, and conscientiousness; additional negative predictors included substance abuse history. CONCLUSION Results of this study provide a dimensional approach to characterizing components and correlates of successful aging in older veterans. Interventions and policy initiatives designed to mitigate physical health difficulties and psychological distress and to enhance protective psychosocial characteristics such as resilience, gratitude, and purpose in life may help promote successful aging in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Jack Tsai
- VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul D Kirwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Purpose and pleasure in late life: Conceptualising older women's participation in art and craft activities. J Aging Stud 2013; 27:330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Genetic basis of neurocognitive decline and reduced white-matter integrity in normal human brain aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19006-11. [PMID: 24191011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313735110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genes associated with brain aging should markedly improve our understanding of the biological processes that govern normal age-related decline. However, challenges to identifying genes that facilitate successful brain aging are considerable, including a lack of established phenotypes and difficulties in modeling the effects of aging per se, rather than genes that influence the underlying trait. In a large cohort of randomly selected pedigrees (n = 1,129 subjects), we documented profound aging effects from young adulthood to old age (18-83 y) on neurocognitive ability and diffusion-based white-matter measures. Despite significant phenotypic correlation between white-matter integrity and tests of processing speed, working memory, declarative memory, and intelligence, no evidence for pleiotropy between these classes of phenotypes was observed. Applying an advanced quantitative gene-by-environment interaction analysis where age is treated as an environmental factor, we demonstrate a heritable basis for neurocognitive deterioration as a function of age. Furthermore, by decomposing gene-by-aging (G × A) interactions, we infer that different genes influence some neurocognitive traits as a function of age, whereas other neurocognitive traits are influenced by the same genes, but to differential levels, from young adulthood to old age. In contrast, increasing white-matter incoherence with age appears to be nongenetic. These results clearly demonstrate that traits sensitive to the genetic influences on brain aging can be identified, a critical first step in delineating the biological mechanisms of successful aging.
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Edwards DRV, Gilbert JR, Hicks JE, Myers JL, Jiang L, Cummings AC, Guo S, Gallins PJ, Konidari I, Caywood L, Reinhart-Mercer L, Fuzzell D, Knebusch C, Laux R, Jackson CE, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Scott WK. Linkage and association of successful aging to the 6q25 region in large Amish kindreds. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1467-1477. [PMID: 22773346 PMCID: PMC3705095 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Successful aging (SA) is a multidimensional phenotype involving living to older age with high physical function, preserved cognition, and continued social engagement. Several domains underlying SA are heritable, and identifying health-promoting polymorphisms and their interactions with the environment could provide important information regarding the health of older adults. In the present study, we examined 263 cognitively intact Amish individuals age 80 and older (74 SA and 189 "normally aged") all of whom are part of a single 13-generation pedigree. A genome-wide association study of 630,309 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed and analyzed for linkage using multipoint analyses and for association using the modified quasi-likelihood score test. There was evidence for linkage on 6q25-27 near the fragile site FRA6E region with a dominant model maximum multipoint heterogeneity LOD score = 3.2. The 1-LOD-down support interval for this linkage contained one SNP for which there was regionally significant evidence of association (rs205990, p = 2.36 × 10(-5)). This marker survived interval-wide Bonferroni correction for multiple testing and was located between the genes QKI and PDE10A. Other areas of chromosome 6q25-q27 (including the FRA6E region) contained several SNPs associated with SA (minimum p = 2.89 × 10(-6)). These findings suggest potentially novel genes in the 6q25-q27 region linked and associated with SA in the Amish; however, these findings should be verified in an independent replication cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digna R. Velez Edwards
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Epidemiology Center, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - John R. Gilbert
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - James E. Hicks
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jamie L. Myers
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Anna C. Cummings
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Shengru Guo
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Paul J. Gallins
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Ioanna Konidari
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Laura Caywood
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Lori Reinhart-Mercer
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Denise Fuzzell
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Claire Knebusch
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Renee Laux
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- />Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - William K. Scott
- />Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Room 414, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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Golanska E, Sieruta M, Gresner SM, Pfeffer A, Chodakowska-Zebrowska M, Sobow TM, Klich I, Mossakowska M, Szybinska A, Barcikowska M, Liberski PP. APBB2 genetic polymorphisms are associated with severe cognitive impairment in centenarians. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:391-4. [PMID: 23384821 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
APBB2 gene encodes for β-amyloid precursor protein-binding family B member 2, (APBB2, FE65-like, FE65L1), an adaptor protein binding to the cytoplasmatic domain of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP). Over-expression of APBB2 promotes formation of β-amyloid (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques. Polymorphisms within APBB2 gene have been proposed as candidate risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. However, their association with longevity has never been investigated. Here we present the first attempt to analyze APBB2 polymorphisms in centenarians. We used a PCR-RFLP method to analyze two intronic nucleotide substitutions: hCV1558625 (rs17443013) and rs13133980. We found no differences in genotype or allele distribution between centenarians and young controls. After stratification of centenarians upon their cognitive performance, the APBB2 rs13133980 G allele was over-represented in centenarians with severe cognitive impairment compared to individuals without this disability. Also the hCV1558625-rs13133980 AG haplotype increased relative risk for severe cognitive impairment in centenarians. Our results support the concept of APBB2 polymorphism association with cognitive performance in the oldest age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Golanska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, 8/10 Czechoslowacka St., 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Gremeaux V, Gayda M, Lepers R, Sosner P, Juneau M, Nigam A. Exercise and longevity. Maturitas 2012; 73:312-7. [PMID: 23063021 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pruchno R, Wilson-Genderson M. Adherence to clusters of health behaviors and successful aging. J Aging Health 2012; 24:1279-97. [PMID: 22976443 DOI: 10.1177/0898264312457412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyses examine the extent to which adherence to recommendations regarding health behaviors cluster among older adults, whether people who adhere to multiple health behaviors are more likely to age successfully than those who adhere to fewer health behaviors, and whether some health behavior clusters are more closely associated with successful aging than others. METHOD Cross-sectional data were collected using structured telephone interviews from 5,688 persons aged 50 to 74 living in New Jersey. RESULTS Prevalence odds ratio analyses indicated that differential cluster patterns exist. Logistic regression revealed that as the number of adherent behaviors increased so did the likelihood of aging successfully and that adherence to some health behavior clusters was more closely associated with successful aging than adherence to others. DISCUSSION Although adherence to more health behaviors was associated with a greater likelihood of successful aging, it is possible to age successfully by adhering to specific clusters of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, UMDNJ-SOM, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Shi H, Belbin O, Medway C, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Carrasquillo M, Proitsi P, Powell J, Lovestone S, Goate A, Younkin S, Passmore P, Morgan K. Genetic variants influencing human aging from late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1849.e5-18. [PMID: 22445811 PMCID: PMC4120742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetics plays a crucial role in human aging with up to 30% of those living to the mid-80s being determined by genetic variation. Survival to older ages likely entails an even greater genetic contribution. There is increasing evidence that genes implicated in age-related diseases, such as cancer and neuronal disease, play a role in affecting human life span. We have selected the 10 most promising late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes identified through several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These 10 LOAD genes (APOE, CLU, PICALM, CR1, BIN1, ABCA7, MS4A6A, CD33, CD2AP, and EPHA1) have been tested for association with human aging in our dataset (1385 samples with documented age at death [AAD], age range: 58-108 years; mean age at death: 80.2) using the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the previous studies. Apart from the APOE locus (rs2075650) which showed compelling evidence of association with risk on human life span (p = 5.27 × 10(-4)), none of the other LOAD gene loci demonstrated significant evidence of association. In addition to examining the known LOAD genes, we carried out analyses using age at death as a quantitative trait. No genome-wide significant SNPs were discovered. Increasing sample size and statistical power will be imperative to detect genuine aging-associated variants in the future. In this report, we also discuss issues relating to the analysis of genome-wide association studies data from different centers and the bioinformatic approach required to distinguish spurious genome-wide significant signals from real SNP associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Minerva Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Berr C, Balard F, Blain H, Robine JM. Vieillissement, l’émergence d’une nouvelle population. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:281-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012283016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Edwards DRV, Gilbert JR, Jiang L, Gallins PJ, Caywood L, Creason M, Fuzzell D, Knebusch C, Jackson CE, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Scott WK. Successful aging shows linkage to chromosomes 6, 7, and 14 in the Amish. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:516-28. [PMID: 21668908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful aging (SA) is a multidimensional phenotype involving preservation of cognitive ability, physical function, and social engagement throughout life. Multiple components of SA are heritable, supporting a genetic component. The Amish are genetically and socially isolated with homogeneous lifestyles, making them a suitable population for studying the genetics of SA. DNA and measures of SA were collected on 214 cognitively intact Amish individuals over age 80. Individuals were grouped into a 13-generation pedigree using the Anabaptist Genealogy Database. A linkage screen of 5944 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using 12 informative subpedigrees with an affected-only 2-point and multipoint linkage analysis. Eleven SNPs produced 2-point LOD scores >2, suggestive of linkage. Multipoint linkage analyses, allowing for heterogeneity, detected significant LOD scores on chromosomes 6 (HLOD = 4.50), 7 (LOD*= 3.11), and 14 (HLOD = 4.17), suggesting multiple new loci underlying SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digna R Velez Edwards
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Association of mtDNA haplogroup F with healthy longevity in the female Chuang population, China. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:987-93. [PMID: 21945877 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex heritable genetic trait. Based on substantial evidence from model organisms, it is clear that mitochondria play a pivotal role in aging and lifespan. However, the effects that mitochondrial genome variations have upon longevity and longevity-related phenotypes in Chuang people in China have yet to be established. By genotyping 15 variants for 10 haplogroups in 738 Chuang subjects, including 367 long-lived individuals and 371 controls, we found that haplogroup F was significantly associated with longevity in females of Zhuang population of China (p=0.003, OR: 2.01, 95%CI: 1.263-3.197). Additionally, haplogroup F was related to higher HDL levels (p<0.05) in long-lived individuals. Further analysis suggests that the non-synonymous variant m.13928G>C in haplogroup F was also associated with longevity in female Zhuang Chinese which might account for the beneficial effect of F.
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Bloss CS, Pawlikowska L, Schork NJ. Contemporary human genetic strategies in aging research. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:191-200. [PMID: 20709627 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is a complex, multifactorial process influenced by a number of genetic and non-genetic factors. This article first reviews genetic strategies for human aging research and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each. We then discuss the issue of phenotypic definition for genetic studies of aging, including longevity/life span, as well as disease-free survival and other endophenotypes. Finally, we argue that extensions of this area of research, including incorporation of gene×environment interactions, multivariate phenotypes, integration of functional genomic annotations, and exploitation of orthology - many of which are already initiated and ongoing - are critical to advancing this field.
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Abstract
Given the rapid rate of population aging, basic science and public health efforts have increasingly focused on the determinants of successful cognitive aging. In this chapter, we review the definition and biological, psychological, and environmental determinants of cognitive health in later life. Successful cognitive aging is a multi-dimensional construct that lacks a consensus operationalized definition, and has been variously conceptualized in an ipsative, normative, or criterion-referenced manner. Nevertheless, there are a number of biomarkers, at the genetic and cellular level, that provide indicators of cognitive health in aging. Functional and structural neuroimaging suggest multiple pathways to successful cognitive aging, by way of brain reserve and cognitive reserve. A number of behavioral and environmental interventions, including dietary restriction, physical activity, and cognitive stimulation, are promising avenues for extending the cognitive healthspan associated with normal aging. Thus, there is a variety of recent findings providing optimism that successful cognitive aging, howsoever defined, will be attainable by more older adults in the future.
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Brusnahan SK, McGuire TR, Jackson JD, Lane JT, Garvin KL, O'Kane BJ, Berger AM, Tuljapurkar SR, Kessinger MA, Sharp JG. Human blood and marrow side population stem cell and Stro-1 positive bone marrow stromal cell numbers decline with age, with an increase in quality of surviving stem cells: correlation with cytokines. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:718-22. [PMID: 21035480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematological deficiencies increase with aging leading to anemias, reduced hematopoietic stress responses and myelodysplasias. This study tested the hypothesis that side population hematopoietic stem cells (SP-HSC) would decrease with aging, correlating with IGF-1 and IL-6 levels and increases in bone marrow fat. Marrow was obtained from the femoral head and trochanteric region of the femur at surgery for total hip replacement (N=100). Whole trabecular marrow samples were ground in a sterile mortar and pestle and cellularity and fat content determined. Marrow and blood mononuclear cells were stained with Hoechst dye and the SP-HSC profiles acquired. Marrow stromal cells (MSC) were enumerated flow cytometrically employing the Stro-1 antibody, and clonally in the colony forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. Plasma levels of IGF-1 (ng/ml) and IL-6 (pg/ml) were measured by ELISA. SP-HSC in blood and bone marrow decreased with age but the quality of the surviving stem cells increased. MSC decreased non-significantly. IGF-1 levels (mean=30.7, SEM=2) decreased and IL-6 levels (mean=4.4, SEM=1) increased with age as did marrow fat (mean=1.2mmfat/g, SEM=0.04). There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels or fat and SP-HSC numbers. Stem cells appear to be progressively lost with aging and only the highest quality stem cells survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brusnahan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395, USA
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Khabour OF, Mesmar FS, Alatoum MA, Gharaibeh MY, Alzoubi KH. Associations of polymorphisms in adiponectin and leptin genes with men's longevity. Aging Male 2010; 13:188-93. [PMID: 20201642 DOI: 10.3109/13685531003657800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are important for regulation body metabolism and immune response. Many studies have shown that variants in adipokines genes play a role in age-associated diseases. In this study, we investigated the contribution of rs266729 (-11377G/C), rs2241766 (+45T/G), and rs1501299 (+276 G/T) SNPs of adiponectin gene (ADIPQO) and rs7799039 (-2548C/A) SNP of leptin (LEP) gene to human longevity phenotype in Jordanian population. Polymorphisms were genotyped in 110 randomly selected elderly subjects (>85 years old) with mean age of 90.2 years, and 120 young control subjects (range from 20 to 50 years) with mean age of 32.0 years. No significant differences were detected in the genotype and allele frequencies of examined gene variants between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, when gender was considered, genotypes and alleles frequencies of rs1501299 SNP in ADIPOQ gene and rs7799039 in LEP gene were significantly associated with longevity in men (p < 0.02) but not in women (p > 0.05). Thus, ADIPOQ and LEP genes polymorphisms might play a gender-specific role in the pathway to men's longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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The mouse attentional-set-shifting task: a method for assaying successful cognitive aging? COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010; 10:243-51. [PMID: 20498348 DOI: 10.3758/cabn.10.2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans exhibit considerable variance in cognitive decline with age, with some exhibiting little disruption and others becoming significantly impaired. In aged rodents, individual differences in spatial memory have been used to identify putative compensatory mechanisms underlying successful hippocampal aging. However, there are few parallel rodent models of cognitive decline in frontal-cortex-mediated functions. We tested the hypothesis that, like aged humans, aged mice would exhibit greater variance in executive function measures, as compared with young mice. We examined the performance of young and aged C57BL/6N mice in the attentional-set-shifting task. Whereas young and old mice did not differ on trials-to-criterion performance, aged mice exhibited significantly greater variance in mean correct latency-selective to the extradimensional shifting stage-as compared with their younger counterparts. Thus, this task may be used to identify mechanisms underlying individual differences in decline of frontal-mediated performances with age.
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Iwasa H, Yu S, Xue J, Driscoll M. Novel EGF pathway regulators modulate C. elegans healthspan and lifespan via EGF receptor, PLC-gamma, and IP3R activation. Aging Cell 2010; 9:490-505. [PMID: 20497132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving health of the rapidly growing aging population is a critical medical, social, and economic goal. Identification of genes that modulate healthspan, the period of mid-life vigor that precedes significant functional decline, will be an essential part of the effort to design anti-aging therapies. Because locomotory decline in humans is a major contributor to frailty and loss of independence and because slowing of movement is a conserved feature of aging across phyla, we screened for genetic interventions that extend locomotory healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans. From a group of 54 genes previously noted to encode secreted proteins similar in sequence to extracellular domains of insulin receptor, we identified two genes for which RNAi knockdown delayed age-associated locomotory decline, conferring a high performance in advanced age phenotype (Hpa). Unexpectedly, we found that hpa-1 and hpa-2 act through the EGF pathway, rather than the insulin signaling pathway, to control systemic healthspan benefits without detectable developmental consequences. Further analysis revealed a potent role of EGF signaling, acting via downstream phospholipase C-gammaplc-3 and inositol-3-phosphate receptor itr-1, to promote healthy aging associated with low lipofuscin levels, enhanced physical performance, and extended lifespan. This study identifies HPA-1 and HPA-2 as novel negative regulators of EGF signaling and constitutes the first report of EGF signaling as a major pathway for healthy aging. Our data raise the possibility that EGF family members should be investigated for similar activities in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Pruchno RA, Wilson-Genderson M, Cartwright F. A two-factor model of successful aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2010; 65:671-9. [PMID: 20624759 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose and test a conceptual two-factor model of successful aging that includes objective and subjective components. METHODS Data were derived from 5,688 persons aged 50-74 years living in New Jersey who participated in the ORANJ BOWL panel. Participants were recruited using random digit dial procedures and interviewed by telephone. A measurement model was developed and tested using data from two independent samples (each n = 1,000); a structural model examining the effects of age and gender was tested using data from another 3,688 people. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a multidimensional model incorporating objective criteria and subjective perceptions. Age and gender were associated with objective but not subjective success. DISCUSSION Results add rigor to the measurement of a construct that has intrigued philosophers and scientists for hundreds of years, providing the empirical foundation on which to build research about successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Pruchno
- School of Osteopathic Medicine,New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, 42 E. Laurel Road, Suite 2300, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Young JW, Wallace CK, Geyer MA, Risbrough VB. Age-associated improvements in cross-modal prepulse inhibition in mice. Behav Neurosci 2010; 124:133-140. [PMID: 20141288 DOI: 10.1037/a0018462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is thought to probe preattentional filtering mechanisms. PPI is deficient in several neuropsychiatric disorders, possibly reflecting abnormalities in frontal-cortical-striatal circuitry. Several studies support the predictive validity of animal PPI to model human sensorimotor gating phenomena but only limited studies have addressed the effects of aging. Studies in humans suggest that PPI is improved or unaffected as humans age (>60 years) and does not correlate with cognitive decline in aged populations. Rodent studies to date, however, suggest that PPI declines with age. Here we tested the hypothesis that PPI measures in rodents are sensitive to stimulus modality, with the prediction that intact sensory modalities in aged animals would be predictive of aging-induced increases in PPI. To test our hypothesis, we assessed PPI using acoustic, tactile, and visual prepulses in young (4 month) and old (23 month) C57BL/6N mice. Consistent with data across species, we observed reduced startle reactivity in older mice. Aging effects on PPI interacted significantly with prepulse modality, with deficient acoustic PPI but increased visual and tactile PPI in aged animals. These data are therefore consistent with PPI studies in older humans when controlling for hearing impairments. The results are discussed in terms of 1) cross-species translational validity for mouse PPI testing, 2) the need for startle reactivity differences to be accounted for in PPI analyses, and 3) the utility of cross-modal PPI testing in subjects where hearing loss has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California
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Abstract
We review the definitions, determinants, and ways of enhancing successful cognitive and emotional aging. Objective definitions of successful aging based on physical health emphasize outcomes including freedom from disability and disease, whereas subjective definitions center on well-being, social connectedness, and adaptation. Most older people do not meet objective criteria for successful aging, while a majority meet the subjective criteria. Older people with severe mental illness are not excluded from successful aging. The determinants of successful aging include complex interactions of lifestyle behaviors and social environment with genes. Depression interferes with nearly all determinants of successful aging. Evidence-based means of enhancing successful aging include calorie restriction, physical exercise, cognitive stimulation, social support, and optimization of stress. Future directions for successful aging research and implications for geriatric psychiatry are discussed.
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Pruchno RA, Wilson-Genderson M, Rose M, Cartwright F. Successful Aging: Early Influences and Contemporary Characteristics. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2010; 50:821-33. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnq041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khabour OF, Barnawi JM. Association of longevity with IL-10 -1082 G/A and TNF-alpha-308 G/A polymorphisms. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:293-8. [PMID: 20518833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are crucial for the regulation of inflammation development in humans. Many studies have shown that variations in cytokine genes might play a role in determining human longevity. This study examined the changes in the gene pool relevant to the -308 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene and the -1082 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 gene with aging and survival selection occurs in the Jordanian population. IL-10 -1028 G/A and TNF-alpha-308 G/A were genotyped in 119 randomly selected elderly subjects (41 women and 78 men) with a mean age of 90.2 years and young control subjects of 118 (46 women and 72 men) with a mean age of 31.9 years. No significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of TNF-alpha gene variants between the two groups (P > 0.05) while the IL-10 genotype and allele frequencies were significantly associated with longevity in men (P < 0.05) but not in women (P < 0.05). Thus, IL-10 -1028 G/A polymorphism seems to play a role in the pathway to longevity in Jordanian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- O F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Acevedo SF, Piper BJ, Craytor MJ, Benice TS, Raber J. Apolipoprotein E4 and sex affect neurobehavioral performance in primary school children. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:293-9. [PMID: 19952867 PMCID: PMC2853744 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181cb8e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) and female sex are risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease. It is unclear whether apoE4 contributes to behavioral function at younger ages. Standard neuropsychological assessments [intelligence quotient (IQ), attention, and executive function] and a test developed in this laboratory (Memory Island test of spatial learning and memory) were used to determine whether E4 and sex affect neuropsychological performance in healthy primary school children (age 7-10). A medical history was also obtained from the mother to determine whether negative birth outcomes were associated with apoE4. Mothers of apoE4+ children were more likely to report that their newborn was placed in an intensive care unit. A sex difference in birth weight was noted among apoE4- (males > females), but not apoE4+, offspring. Conversely, among apoE4+, but not apoE4- children, there was a sex difference in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) vocabulary score favoring boys. ApoE4- girls had better visual recall than apoE4+ girls or apoE4- boys on the Family Pictures test. Finally, apoE4+, unlike apoE4-, children did not show spatial memory retention during the Memory Island probe trial. Thus, apoE4 may affect neurobehavioral performance, particularly spatial memory, and antenatal health decades before any clinical expression of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer F Acevedo
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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