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Wang B, Irizar H, Thygesen JH, Zartaloudi E, Austin-Zimmerman I, Bhat A, Harju-Seppänen J, Pain O, Bass N, Gkofa V, Alizadeh BZ, van Amelsvoort T, Arranz MJ, Bender S, Cahn W, Stella Calafato M, Crespo-Facorro B, Di Forti M, Giegling I, de Haan L, Hall J, Hall MH, van Haren N, Iyegbe C, Kahn RS, Kravariti E, Lawrie SM, Lin K, Luykx JJ, Mata I, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Murray RM, Picchioni M, Powell J, Prata DP, Rujescu D, Rutten BPF, Shaikh M, Simons CJP, Toulopoulou T, Weisbrod M, van Winkel R, Kuchenbaecker K, McQuillin A, Bramon E. Psychosis Endophenotypes: A Gene-Set-Specific Polygenic Risk Score Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1625-1636. [PMID: 37582581 PMCID: PMC10686343 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Endophenotypes can help to bridge the gap between psychosis and its genetic predispositions, but their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to identify biological mechanisms that are relevant to the endophenotypes for psychosis, by partitioning polygenic risk scores into specific gene sets and testing their associations with endophenotypes. STUDY DESIGN We computed polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder restricted to brain-related gene sets retrieved from public databases and previous publications. Three hundred and seventy-eight gene-set-specific polygenic risk scores were generated for 4506 participants. Seven endophenotypes were also measured in the sample. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to test associations between each endophenotype and each gene-set-specific polygenic risk score. STUDY RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, we found that a reduced P300 amplitude was associated with a higher schizophrenia polygenic risk score of the forebrain regionalization gene set (mean difference per SD increase in the polygenic risk score: -1.15 µV; 95% CI: -1.70 to -0.59 µV; P = 6 × 10-5). The schizophrenia polygenic risk score of forebrain regionalization also explained more variance of the P300 amplitude (R2 = 0.032) than other polygenic risk scores, including the genome-wide polygenic risk scores. CONCLUSIONS Our finding on reduced P300 amplitudes suggests that certain genetic variants alter early brain development thereby increasing schizophrenia risk years later. Gene-set-specific polygenic risk scores are a useful tool to elucidate biological mechanisms of psychosis and endophenotypes, offering leads for experimental validation in cellular and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihan Wang
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johan H Thygesen
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eirini Zartaloudi
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmine Harju-Seppänen
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Pain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Bass
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Gkofa
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Arranz
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Recerca Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht, General Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Stella Calafato
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla–IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ina Giegling
- Comprehensive Centers for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Mandy Road, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia’s Children Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Fundacion Argibide, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- St Magnus Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana P Prata
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- North East London Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health System, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
- SRH Klinikum, Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Chen W, Gou M, Wang L, Li N, Li W, Tong J, Zhou Y, Xie T, Yu T, Feng W, Li Y, Chen S, Tian B, Tan S, Wang Z, Pan S, Luo X, Zhang P, Huang J, Tian L, Li CSR, Tan Y. Inflammatory disequilibrium and lateral ventricular enlargement in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 72:18-29. [PMID: 37058967 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patient respond poorly to antipsychotics. Inflammatory imbalance involving pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the mechanism of antipsychotic-medication response. This study aimed to investigate immune imbalance and how the latter relates to clinical manifestations in patients with TRS. The level of net inflammation was estimated by evaluating the immune-inflammatory response system and compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (IRS/CIRS) in 52 patients with TRS, 47 with non-TRS, and 56 sex and age matched healthy controls. The immune biomarkers mainly included macrophagic M1, T helper, Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, and T regulatory cytokines and receptors. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Subcortical volumes were quantified using a 3-T Prisma Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. The results showed that (1) patients with TRS were characterized by activated pro-inflammatory cytokines and relatively insufficient anti-inflammatory cytokines, with an elevated IRS/CIRS ratio indicating a new homeostatic immune setpoint; (2) IRS/CIRS ratio was positively correlated with larger lateral ventricle volume and higher PANSS score in patients with TRS. Our findings highlighted the inflammatory disequilibrium as a potential pathophysiological process of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Moradkhani A, Turki Jalil A, Mahmood Saleh M, Vanaki E, Daghagh H, Daghighazar B, Akbarpour Z, Ghahramani Almanghadim H. Correlation of rs35753505 polymorphism in Neuregulin 1 gene with psychopathology and intelligence of people with schizophrenia. Gene 2023; 867:147285. [PMID: 36905948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders. About 0.5 to 1% of the world's population suffers from this non-Mendelian disorder. Environmental and genetic factors seem to be involved in this disorder. In this article, we investigate the alleles and genotypic correlation of mononucleotide rs35753505 polymorphism of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), one of the selected genes of schizophrenia, with psychopathology and intelligence. MATERIALS AND METHODS 102 independent and 98 healthy patients participated in this study. DNA was extracted by the salting out method and the polymorphism (rs35753505) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing was performed on PCR products. Allele frequency analysis was performed using COCAPHASE software, and genotype analysis was performed using Clump22 software. RESULTS According to our study's statistical findings, all case samples from the three categories of men, women, and overall participants significantly differed from the control group in terms of the prevalence of allele C and the CC risk genotype. The rs35753505 polymorphism significantly raised Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) test results, according to a correlation analysis between the two variables. However, this polymorphism led to a significant decrease in overall intelligence in case samples compared to control samples. CONCLUSION In this study, it seems that the rs35753505 polymorphism of NRG1 gene has a significant role in the sample of patients with schizophrenia in Iran and also in psychopathology and intelligence disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Moradkhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Marwan Mahmood Saleh
- Department of Biophysics, College of Applied Sciences, University Of Anbar, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Elmira Vanaki
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Daghagh
- Biochemistry Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Daghighazar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarpour
- Department of Basic Science, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Azad Islamic University, Tabriz, Iran
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Vouga Ribeiro N, Tavares V, Bramon E, Toulopoulou T, Valli I, Shergill S, Murray R, Prata D. Effects of psychosis-associated genetic markers on brain volumetry: a systematic review of replicated findings and an independent validation. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1-16. [PMID: 36168994 PMCID: PMC9811278 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given psychotic illnesses' high heritability and associations with brain structure, numerous neuroimaging-genetics findings have been reported in the last two decades. However, few findings have been replicated. In the present independent sample we aimed to replicate any psychosis-implicated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which had previously shown at least two main effects on brain volume. METHODS A systematic review for SNPs showing a replicated effect on brain volume yielded 25 studies implicating seven SNPs in five genes. Their effect was then tested in 113 subjects with either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, 'at risk mental state' or healthy state, for whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) associations with grey and white matter volume changes, using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS We found FWER-corrected (Family-wise error rate) (i.e. statistically significant) associations of: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger bilateral hippocampus and thalamus white matter, across the whole brain; and (2) CACNA1C-rs769087-A with larger superior frontal gyrus, as ROI. Higher replication concordance with existing literature was found, in decreasing order, for: (1) CACNA1C-rs769087-A, with larger dorsolateral-prefrontal/superior frontal gyrus and hippocampi (both with anatomical and directional concordance); (2) ZNF804A-rs11681373-A, with smaller angular gyrus grey matter and rectus gyri white matter (both with anatomical and directional concordance); and (3) BDNF-rs6265-T with superior frontal and middle cingulate gyri volume change (with anatomical and allelic concordance). CONCLUSIONS Most literature findings were not herein replicated. Nevertheless, high degree/likelihood of replication was found for two genome-wide association studies- and one candidate-implicated SNPs, supporting their involvement in psychosis and brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vouga Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Tavares
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Department of Psychology & National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Centre (ASBAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sukhi Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’ College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Yang H, Pan W, Xiao W, Yang M, Xu J, Li J, Zhang X. Antipsychotic drugs increase Neuregulin1β1 serum levels in first-episode drug-naïve patients and chronic schizophrenia with suggestions for improving the treatment of psychotic symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35337293 PMCID: PMC8957169 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin1 (NRG1) plays a role in neuronal migration, regulation of synaptic plasticity, and neural survival, and has been considered to be among the candidate genes for schizophrenia. This study focused on the variations in serum NRG1β1 levels following antipsychotic treatment and the relationship between NRG1β1 levels and improvements in psychotic symptoms among first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients and patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia were recruited and compared with 79 matched healthy controls. All patients had been drug-naïve for at least four weeks. Serum NRG1β1 levels and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores were measured at baseline and after four weeks. Serum NRG1β1 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS Baseline NRG1β1 levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. NRG1β1 levels increased significantly following antipsychotic treatment. NRG1β1 levels gradually increased with declining PANSS scores and its three subscales during antipsychotic therapy. The levels of NRG1β1 increased significantly in responders after four weeks of treatment, although nonresponders showed no such effect. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of NRG1β1 were negatively correlated with the duration of illness and positively correlated with improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION The levels of serum NRG1β1 and the therapeutic effects gradually increased following treatment, indicating that NRG1β1 may be an indicator of therapy, and that it may also be associated with the pathophysiological mechanism causing schizophrenia, although this possible pathway requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003 P.R. China
| | - Wen Pan
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137 P.R. China
| | - Wenhuan Xiao
- grid.268415.cDepartment of Psychiatry, Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225003 P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003 P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Xu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003 P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215137, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215137, P.R. China.
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6
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Götze T, Soto-Bernardini MC, Zhang M, Mießner H, Linhoff L, Brzózka MM, Velanac V, Dullin C, Ramos-Gomes F, Peng M, Husseini H, Schifferdecker E, Fledrich R, Sereda MW, Willig K, Alves F, Rossner MJ, Nave KA, Zhang W, Schwab MH. Hyperactivity is a Core Endophenotype of Elevated Neuregulin-1 Signaling in Embryonic Glutamatergic Networks. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1409-1420. [PMID: 33871014 PMCID: PMC8379540 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ErbB4 module is at the core of an "at risk" signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Several human studies suggest hyperstimulation of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling as a plausible pathomechanism; however, little is known about the significance of stage-, brain area-, or neural cell type-specific NRG1-ErbB4 hyperactivity for disease-relevant brain endophenotypes. To address these spatiotemporal aspects, we generated transgenic mice for Cre recombinase-mediated overexpression of cystein-rich domain (CRD) NRG1, the most prominent NRG1 isoform in the brain. A comparison of "brain-wide" vs cell type-specific CRD-NRG1 overexpressing mice revealed that pathogenic CRD-NRG1 signals for ventricular enlargement and neuroinflammation originate outside glutamatergic neurons and suggests a subcortical function of CRD-NRG1 in the control of body weight. Embryonic onset of CRD-NRG1 in glutamatergic cortical networks resulted in reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and locomotor hyperactivity. Our findings identify ventricular enlargement and locomotor hyperactivity, 2 main endophenotypes of schizophrenia, as specific consequences of spatiotemporally distinct expression profiles of hyperactivated CRD-NRG1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Götze
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Clara Soto-Bernardini
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Present address: Center for Research in Biotechnology (CIB)/Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mießner
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Linhoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena M Brzózka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktorija Velanac
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Italian Synchrotron “Elettra,"Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Gomes
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maja Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hümeyra Husseini
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Schifferdecker
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Willig
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +49-341-97-25677; fax: +49-341-97-15049, e-mail:
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7
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Klein PC, Ettinger U, Schirner M, Ritter P, Rujescu D, Falkai P, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Kambeitz J. Brain Network Simulations Indicate Effects of Neuregulin-1 Genotype on Excitation-Inhibition Balance in Cortical Dynamics. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2013-2025. [PMID: 33279967 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) represents an important factor for multiple processes including neurodevelopment, brain functioning or cognitive functions. Evidence from animal research suggests an effect of NRG1 on the excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance in cortical circuits. However, direct evidence for the importance of NRG1 in E/I balance in humans is still lacking. In this work, we demonstrate the application of computational, biophysical network models to advance our understanding of the interaction between cortical activity observed in neuroimaging and the underlying neurobiology. We employed a biophysical neuronal model to simulate large-scale brain dynamics and to investigate the role of polymorphisms in the NRG1 gene (rs35753505, rs3924999) in n = 96 healthy adults. Our results show that G/G-carriers (rs3924999) exhibit a significant difference in global coupling (P = 0.048) and multiple parameters determining E/I-balance such as excitatory synaptic coupling (P = 0.047), local excitatory recurrence (P = 0.032) and inhibitory synaptic coupling (P = 0.028). This indicates that NRG1 may be related to excitatory recurrence or excitatory synaptic coupling potentially resulting in altered E/I-balance. Moreover, we suggest that computational modeling is a suitable tool to investigate specific biological mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53111, Germany
| | - Michael Schirner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dept. of Neurology, 10117, Germany.,Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning & Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Petra Ritter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dept. of Neurology, 10117, Germany.,Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning & Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- University Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80336, Germany
| | | | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80336, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937, Germany
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8
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Zhang W, Cai S, Huang K, Lv Y, Kang Y, Wang Q, Huang L. Association between schizophrenia risk allele dosage of rs6994992 and whole-brain structural and functional characteristics. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 294:110956. [PMID: 31202487 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The rs6994992 polymorphism has been reported as a candidate variant associated with schizophrenia (SZ). Neuroimaging studies have revealed that SZ is associated with widespread structural and functional alterations in brain. However, whether the allele dosage of rs6994992 is associated with brain structural or functional features is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between the risk allele dosage of rs6994992 and whole-brain structural and functional characteristics and to further explore the relationship between these characteristics and cognition. Magnetic resonance images and the rs6994992 genotype were obtained from 53 healthy participants. A general linear model was used to determine the effects of risk allele dosage of rs6994992 on brain characteristics. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between altered brain characteristics and cognitive scores. Our results demonstrated that regions with significant differences in structural characteristics between groups with different dosages of rs6994992 were mainly located in the frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus and angular gyrus. Moreover, significant regions of functional connectivity (FC) partly overlapped with the structural results. Measurements in those significant regions and FCs were correlated with the cognition scales. This association can inform our understanding of the mechanisms through which rs6994992 variants increase the risk for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Suping Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Kexin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yahui Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yafei Kang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi 'an Jiaotong university, Shaanxi 710048, PR China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China.
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9
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Genome-wide association study of 23,500 individuals identifies 7 loci associated with brain ventricular volume. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3945. [PMID: 30258056 PMCID: PMC6158214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The volume of the lateral ventricles (LV) increases with age and their abnormal enlargement is a key feature of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although lateral ventricular volume is heritable, a comprehensive investigation of its genetic determinants is lacking. In this meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 23,533 healthy middle-aged to elderly individuals from 26 population-based cohorts, we identify 7 genetic loci associated with LV volume. These loci map to chromosomes 3q28, 7p22.3, 10p12.31, 11q23.1, 12q23.3, 16q24.2, and 22q13.1 and implicate pathways related to tau pathology, S1P signaling, and cytoskeleton organization. We also report a significant genetic overlap between the thalamus and LV volumes (ρgenetic = −0.59, p-value = 3.14 × 10−6), suggesting that these brain structures may share a common biology. These genetic associations of LV volume provide insights into brain morphology. An increase in the volume of the brain lateral ventricles is a sign of normal aging, but can also be associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, Vojinovic et al. identify seven genetic loci in a GWA study for ventricular volume in 23,500 individuals and find correlation with thalamus volume.
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10
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Blakey R, Ranlund S, Zartaloudi E, Cahn W, Calafato S, Colizzi M, Crespo-Facorro B, Daniel C, Díez-Revuelta Á, Di Forti M, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Jones R, Hall MH, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, Lin K, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Picchioni M, Powell J, Presman A, Rujescu D, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Thygesen JH, Toulopoulou T, Van Haren N, Van Os J, Walshe M, Murray RM, Bramon E. Associations between psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1325-1340. [PMID: 29094675 PMCID: PMC6516747 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of endophenotypes characterise psychosis, however there has been limited work understanding if and how they are inter-related. METHODS This multi-centre study includes 8754 participants: 2212 people with a psychotic disorder, 1487 unaffected relatives of probands, and 5055 healthy controls. We investigated cognition [digit span (N = 3127), block design (N = 5491), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (N = 3543)], electrophysiology [P300 amplitude and latency (N = 1102)], and neuroanatomy [lateral ventricular volume (N = 1721)]. We used linear regression to assess the interrelationships between endophenotypes. RESULTS The P300 amplitude and latency were not associated (regression coef. -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.01, p = 0.060), and P300 amplitude was positively associated with block design (coef. 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.28, p 0.38). All the cognitive endophenotypes were associated with each other in the expected directions (all p < 0.001). Lastly, the relationships between pairs of endophenotypes were consistent in all three participant groups, differing for some of the cognitive pairings only in the strengths of the relationships. CONCLUSIONS The P300 amplitude and latency are independent endophenotypes; the former indexing spatial visualisation and working memory, and the latter is hypothesised to index basic processing speed. Individuals with psychotic illnesses, their unaffected relatives, and healthy controls all show similar patterns of associations between endophenotypes, endorsing the theory of a continuum of psychosis liability across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Blakey
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Ranlund
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E. Zartaloudi
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - W. Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Calafato
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Colizzi
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B. Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - C. Daniel
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Á. Díez-Revuelta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience – Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Complutense University and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - C. Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R. Jones
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M.-H. Hall
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E. Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K. Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - A. M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - M. Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Presman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - K. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Shaikh
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- North East London Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. H. Thygesen
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - T. Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Main Campus, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - N. Van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, EURON, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Walshe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - R. M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E. Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Bousman CA, Cropley V, Klauser P, Hess JL, Pereira A, Idrizi R, Bruggemann J, Mostaid MS, Lenroot R, Weickert TW, Glatt SJ, Everall IP, Sundram S, Zalesky A, Weickert CS, Pantelis C. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) polymorphisms linked with psychosis transition are associated with enlarged lateral ventricles and white matter disruption in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2018; 48:801-809. [PMID: 28826413 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4281084 and rs12155594) within the neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene have been associated with psychosis transition. However, the neurobiological changes associated with these SNPs remain unclear. We aimed to determine what relationship these two SNPs have on lateral ventricular volume and white matter integrity, as abnormalities in these brain structures are some of the most consistent in schizophrenia. METHODS Structural (n = 370) and diffusion (n = 465) magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from affected and unaffected individuals predominantly of European descent. The SNPs rs4281084, rs12155594, and their combined allelic load were examined for their effects on lateral ventricular volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as axial (AD) and radial (RD) diffusivity. Additional exploratory analyses assessed NRG1 effects on gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area throughout the brain. RESULTS Individuals with a schizophrenia age of onset ⩽25 and a combined allelic load ⩾3 NRG1 risk alleles had significantly larger right (up to 50%, p adj = 0.01) and left (up to 45%, p adj = 0.05) lateral ventricle volumes compared with those with allelic loads of less than three. Furthermore, carriers of three or more risk alleles, regardless of age of onset and case status, had significantly reduced FA and elevated RD but stable AD in the frontal cortex compared with those carrying fewer than three risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings build on a growing body of research supporting the functional importance of genetic variation within the NRG1 gene and complement previous findings implicating the rs4281084 and rs12155594 SNPs as markers for psychosis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bousman
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - V Cropley
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - P Klauser
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - J L Hess
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience and Physiology,SUNY Upstate Medical University,Syracuse, New York
| | - A Pereira
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - R Idrizi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - J Bruggemann
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,Sydney,Australia
| | - M S Mostaid
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - R Lenroot
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,Sydney,Australia
| | - T W Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,Sydney,Australia
| | - S J Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology & Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe Lab), Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience and Physiology,SUNY Upstate Medical University,Syracuse, New York
| | - I P Everall
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - A Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - C S Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute,Sydney,Australia
| | - C Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
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12
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Ranlund S, Calafato S, Thygesen JH, Lin K, Cahn W, Crespo‐Facorro B, de Zwarte SM, Díez Á, Di Forti M, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Jones R, Hall M, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Picchioni M, Prata DP, Rujescu D, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Toulopoulou T, van Haren N, van Os J, Vassos E, Walshe M, Lewis C, Murray RM, Powell J, Bramon E. A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:21-34. [PMID: 28851104 PMCID: PMC5763362 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This large multi-center study investigates the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multi-modal endophenotypes for psychosis. The sample included 4,242 individuals; 1,087 patients with psychosis, 822 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 2,333 controls. Endophenotypes included the P300 event-related potential (N = 515), lateral ventricular volume (N = 798), and the cognitive measures block design (N = 3,089), digit span (N = 1,437), and the Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Task (N = 2,406). Data were collected across 11 sites in Europe and Australia; all genotyping and genetic analyses were done at the same laboratory in the United Kingdom. We calculated polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately, and used linear regression to test whether polygenic scores influenced the endophenotypes. Results showed that higher polygenic scores for schizophrenia were associated with poorer performance on the block design task and explained 0.2% (p = 0.009) of the variance. Associations in the same direction were found for bipolar disorder scores, but this was not statistically significant at the 1% level (p = 0.02). The schizophrenia score explained 0.4% of variance in lateral ventricular volumes, the largest across all phenotypes examined, although this was not significant (p = 0.063). None of the remaining associations reached significance after correction for multiple testing (with alpha at 1%). These results indicate that common genetic variants associated with schizophrenia predict performance in spatial visualization, providing additional evidence that this measure is an endophenotype for the disorder with shared genetic risk variants. The use of endophenotypes such as this will help to characterize the effects of common genetic variation in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Ranlund
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Kuang Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- CIBERSAMCentro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud MentalMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of MedicineUniversity of Cantabria–IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Sonja M.C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Álvaro Díez
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience—Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB)Complutense University and Technical University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in NeuropsychiatryThe University of Western AustraliaPerth, Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mei‐Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical SchoolMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusetts
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical ResearchThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of EdinburghRoyal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Marco Picchioni
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Diana P. Prata
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaPortugal
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of PsychiatryLudwig‐Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity of Halle WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Katja Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- North East London Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent UniversityMain CampusBilkent, AnkaraTurkey
- Department of PsychologyThe University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam RdHong Kong SARChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong KongThe Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary ResearchHong Kong SARChina
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical CentreEURONMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Muriel Walshe
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Cathryn Lewis
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London and South LondonMaudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Vaht M, Laas K, Kiive E, Parik J, Veidebaum T, Harro J. A functional neuregulin-1 gene variant and stressful life events: Effect on drug use in a longitudinal population-representative cohort study. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:54-61. [PMID: 27353026 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116655979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuregulin 1 gene is a susceptibility gene for substance dependence. A functional polymorphism (SNP8NRG243177/rs6994992; C/T) in the promoter region of the brain-specific type IV neuregulin-1 gene ( NRG1) has been associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) that often present higher odds of smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use. This study assessed the association of the NRG1 genotype with drug use and possible interaction with stressful life events (SLEs). METHODS The database of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (beginning in 1998) was used. Cohorts of children initially 9 years old ( n=583; followed up at 15 and 18 years) and 15 years old ( n=593; followed up at 18 and 25 years) provided self-reports on alcohol, tobacco and illicit substance use and SLEs. Psychiatric assessment based on DSM-IV was carried out on the older birth cohort at age 25 to assess the lifetime presence of substance use disorders. NRG1 rs6994992 was genotyped in all participants by TaqMan® Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assay on the Applied Biosystems ViiA™ 7 Real-Time PCR System. The minor (T) allele frequency was 0.37. RESULTS NRG1 rs6994992 C/C homozygotes, especially those who had experienced more SLEs, were more likely to develop alcohol use disorders by young adulthood, were generally more active consumers of tobacco products, and had more likely used illicit drugs. In T allele carriers, SLEs had a negligible effect on substance use. CONCLUSIONS In humans, NRG1 genotype is associated with substance use, and this relationship is moderated by adverse life events, with a gain-of-function allele being protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Vaht
- 1 Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kariina Laas
- 1 Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelyn Kiive
- 2 Division of Special Education, Department of Education, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Parik
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- 4 National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- 1 Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Mostaid MS, Lloyd D, Liberg B, Sundram S, Pereira A, Pantelis C, Karl T, Weickert CS, Everall IP, Bousman CA. Neuregulin-1 and schizophrenia in the genome-wide association study era. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:387-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Suárez-Pinilla P, Roíz-Santiañez R, Mata I, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Brambilla P, Fañanas L, Valle-San Román N, Crespo-Facorro B. Progressive Structural Brain Changes and NRG1 Gene Variants in First-Episode Nonaffective Psychosis. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 71:103-111. [PMID: 25871612 DOI: 10.1159/000370075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural brain abnormalities are already present during the early phases of psychosis, but factors underlying brain volume changes are still not well understood. The neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1), influencing neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, has been associated with schizophrenia. Our aim was to examine whether variations in the NRG1 gene (SNP8NRG221132, SNP8NRG6221533 and SNP8NRG243177 polymorphisms) influence longitudinal changes in the brain during a first episode of psychosis (FEP). METHODS A 3-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was performed. Fifty-nine minimally medicated patients who were experiencing FEP and 14 healthy control individuals underwent genotyping and structural brain MRI at baseline and at 1- and 3-year follow-up. A comparison of brain volumes, gray matter, white matter (WM), lateral ventricles (LV), cortical cerebrospinal fluid, and thalamus and caudate was made between the groups according to their genotype. RESULTS In patients, the SNP8NRG6221533 risk C allele was significantly associated with increased LV volume across time. C allele carriers had significantly less WM compared with subjects homozygous for the T allele after the follow-up. No other significant differences were observed among subgroups. No significant changes according to the genotypes were found in healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that variations of neurodevelopment-related genes, such as the NRG1 gene, can contribute to brain abnormalities described in early phases of schizophrenia and progressive changes during the initial years of the illness. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a relation between NRG1 polymorphisms and longitudinal brain changes is reported. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Agarwal A, Zhang M, Trembak-Duff I, Unterbarnscheidt T, Radyushkin K, Dibaj P, Martins de Souza D, Boretius S, Brzózka MM, Steffens H, Berning S, Teng Z, Gummert MN, Tantra M, Guest PC, Willig KI, Frahm J, Hell SW, Bahn S, Rossner MJ, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H, Zhang W, Schwab MH. Dysregulated expression of neuregulin-1 by cortical pyramidal neurons disrupts synaptic plasticity. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1130-45. [PMID: 25131210 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene variants are associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia. It is unclear whether risk haplotypes cause elevated or decreased expression of NRG1 in the brains of schizophrenia patients, given that both findings have been reported from autopsy studies. To study NRG1 functions in vivo, we generated mouse mutants with reduced and elevated NRG1 levels and analyzed the impact on cortical functions. Loss of NRG1 from cortical projection neurons resulted in increased inhibitory neurotransmission, reduced synaptic plasticity, and hypoactivity. Neuronal overexpression of cysteine-rich domain (CRD)-NRG1, the major brain isoform, caused unbalanced excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission, reduced synaptic plasticity, abnormal spine growth, altered steady-state levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, and impaired sensorimotor gating. We conclude that an "optimal" level of NRG1 signaling balances excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the cortex. Our data provide a potential pathomechanism for impaired synaptic plasticity and suggest that human NRG1 risk haplotypes exert a gain-of-function effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agarwal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster Germany
| | - Irina Trembak-Duff
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster Germany
| | - Tilmann Unterbarnscheidt
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Radyushkin
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Payam Dibaj
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Susann Boretius
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena M Brzózka
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Steffens
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Berning
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zenghui Teng
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster Germany
| | - Maike N Gummert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martesa Tantra
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter C Guest
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Katrin I Willig
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster Germany.
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Douet V, Chang L, Pritchett A, Lee K, Keating B, Bartsch H, Jernigan TL, Dale A, Akshoomoff N, Murray S, Bloss C, Kennedy DN, Amaral D, Gruen J, Kaufmann WE, Casey BJ, Sowell E, Ernst T. Schizophrenia-risk variant rs6994992 in the neuregulin-1 gene on brain developmental trajectories in typically developing children. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e392. [PMID: 24865593 PMCID: PMC4035723 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene is one of the best-validated risk genes for schizophrenia, and psychotic and bipolar disorders. The rs6994992 variant in the NRG1 promoter (SNP8NRG243177) is associated with altered frontal and temporal brain macrostructures and/or altered white matter density and integrity in schizophrenic adults, as well as healthy adults and neonates. However, the ages when these changes begin and whether neuroimaging phenotypes are associated with cognitive performance are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the association of the rs6994992 variant on developmental trajectories of brain macro- and microstructures, and their relationship with cognitive performance. A total of 972 healthy children aged 3-20 years had the genotype available for the NRG1-rs6994992 variant, and were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological tests. Age-by-NRG1-rs6994992 interactions and genotype effects were assessed using a general additive model regression methodology, covaried for scanner type, socioeconomic status, sex and genetic ancestry factors. Compared with the C-carriers, children with the TT-risk-alleles had subtle microscopic and macroscopic changes in brain development that emerge or reverse during adolescence, a period when many psychiatric disorders are manifested. TT-children at late adolescence showed a lower age-dependent forniceal volume and lower fractional anisotropy; however, both measures were associated with better episodic memory performance. To our knowledge, we provide the first multimodal imaging evidence that genetic variation in NRG1 is associated with age-related changes on brain development during typical childhood and adolescence, and delineated the altered patterns of development in multiple brain regions in children with the T-risk allele(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Douet
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA,Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, 1356 Lusitana Street, UH Tower, Room 716, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. E-mail:
| | - L Chang
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A Pritchett
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - K Lee
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - B Keating
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - H Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T L Jernigan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cognitive Science, Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Akshoomoff
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cognitive Science, Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Murray
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D N Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - D Amaral
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Gruen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Investigative Medicine, Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W E Kaufmann
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B J Casey
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Ernst
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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19
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Knickmeyer RC, Wang J, Zhu H, Geng X, Woolson S, Hamer RM, Konneker T, Lin W, Styner M, Gilmore JH. Common variants in psychiatric risk genes predict brain structure at birth. Cereb Cortex 2014; 24:1230-46. [PMID: 23283688 PMCID: PMC3977618 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in adolescents and adults have demonstrated that polymorphisms in putative psychiatric risk genes are associated with differences in brain structure, but cannot address when in development these relationships arise. To determine if common genetic variants in disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1; rs821616 and rs6675281), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; rs4680), neuregulin 1 (NRG1; rs35753505 and rs6994992), apolipoprotein E (APOE; ε3ε4 vs. ε3ε3), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; rs9340799 and rs2234693), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; rs6265), and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1; rs2270335) are associated with individual differences in brain tissue volumes in neonates, we applied both automated region-of-interest volumetry and tensor-based morphometry to a sample of 272 neonates who had received high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans. ESR1 (rs9340799) predicted intracranial volume. Local variation in gray matter (GM) volume was significantly associated with polymorphisms in DISC1 (rs821616), COMT, NRG1, APOE, ESR1 (rs9340799), and BDNF. No associations were identified for DISC1 (rs6675281), ESR1 (rs2234693), or GAD1. Of note, neonates homozygous for the DISC1 (rs821616) serine allele exhibited numerous large clusters of reduced GM in the frontal lobes, and neonates homozygous for the COMT valine allele exhibited reduced GM in the temporal cortex and hippocampus, mirroring findings in adults. The results highlight the importance of prenatal brain development in mediating psychiatric risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Konneker
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and
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Abstract
The current schizophrenia concept is built on experts' agreement on the matter, and it is basically rooted in the epidemiological and clinical evidence. However, the numerous and intensive attempts to find the biological underpinnings of this syndrome face almost constantly a low degree of replication of the results. We have reviewed previously published work to contribute to identify some reasons underlying that failure. The difficulty in replicating biological findings in schizophrenia may relate to the intrinsic heterogeneity among patient samples, acquired through the current diagnostic criteria. As a result, the necessary replication for any finding to be accepted as characteristic data for schizophrenia would be impeded. Therefore, a new frame based on identification of correlates of the most replicated biological anomalies in schizophrenia to date may contribute to overcome those difficulties.
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Kukshal P, Bhatia T, Bhagwat AM, Gur RE, Gur RC, Deshpande SN, Nimgaonkar VL, Thelma BK. Association study of neuregulin-1 gene polymorphisms in a North Indian schizophrenia sample. Schizophr Res 2013; 144:24-30. [PMID: 23360725 PMCID: PMC4040109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene polymorphisms have been proposed as risk factors for several common disorders. Associations with cognitive variation have also been tested. With regard to schizophrenia (SZ) risk, studies of Caucasian ancestry samples indicate associations more consistently than East Asian samples, suggesting heterogeneity. To exploit the differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure across ethnic groups, we conducted a SZ case-control study (that included cognitive evaluations) in a sample from the north Indian population. METHODS NRG1 variants (n=35 SNPs, three microsatellite markers) were initially analyzed among cases (DSM IV criteria, n=1007) and controls (n=1019, drawn from two groups) who were drawn from the same geographical region in North India. Nominally significant associations with SZ were next analyzed in relation to neurocognitive measures estimated with a computerized neurocognitive battery in a subset of the sample (n=116 cases, n=170 controls). RESULTS Three variants and one microsatellite showed allelic association with SZ (rs35753505, rs4733263, rs6994992, and microsatellite 420M9-1395, p≤0.05 uncorrected for multiple comparisons). A six marker haplotype 221121 (rs35753505-rs6994992-rs1354336-rs10093107-rs3924999-rs11780123) showed (p=0.0004) association after Bonferroni corrections. Regression analyses with the neurocognitive measures showed nominal (uncorrected) associations with emotion processing and attention at rs35753505 and rs6994992, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Suggestive associations with SZ and SZ-related neurocognitive measures were detected with two SNPs from the NRG1 promoter region in a north Indian cohort. The functional role of the alleles merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kukshal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South campus, Benito
Juarez Road, New Delhi – 110 021, India
- C.B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Triptish Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi – 110
001, India
| | - A. M. Bhagwat
- C.B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Western Psychiatric
Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate
School of Public Health, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B. K. Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South campus, Benito
Juarez Road, New Delhi – 110 021, India
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Aliev G. Genomics of schizophrenia and pharmacogenomics of antipsychotic drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.31008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Waltereit R, Leimer U, von Bohlen Und Halbach O, Panke J, Hölter SM, Garrett L, Wittig K, Schneider M, Schmitt C, Calzada-Wack J, Neff F, Becker L, Prehn C, Kutscherjawy S, Endris V, Bacon C, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Berger S, Schönig K, Adamski J, Klopstock T, Esposito I, Wurst W, de Angelis MH, Rappold G, Wieland T, Bartsch D. Srgap3⁻/⁻ mice present a neurodevelopmental disorder with schizophrenia-related intermediate phenotypes. FASEB J 2012; 26:4418-28. [PMID: 22820399 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the SRGAP3 gene residing on chromosome 3p25 have previously been associated with intellectual disability. Genome-wide association studies have also revealed SRGAP3, together with genes from the same cellular network, as risk genes for schizophrenia. SRGAP3 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics through the RHO protein RAC1. RHO proteins are known to be involved in cytoskeletal reorganization during brain development to control processes such as synaptic plasticity. To elucidate the importance of SRGAP3 in brain development, we generated Srgap3-knockout mice. Ten percent of these mice developed a hydrocephalus and died before adulthood. Surviving mice showed various neuroanatomical changes, including enlarged lateral ventricles, white matter tracts, and dendritic spines together with molecular changes, including an increased basal activity of RAC1. Srgap3(-/-) mice additionally exhibited a complex behavioral phenotype. Behavioral studies revealed an impaired spontaneous alternation and social behavior, while long-term memory was unchanged. The animals also had tics. Lower locomotor activity was observed in male Srgap3(-/-) only. Srgap3(-/-) mice showed increased methylphenidate stimulation in males and an impaired prepulse inhibition in females. Together, the results show neurodevelopmental aberration in Srgap3(-/-) mice, with many of the observed phenotypes matching several schizophrenia-related intermediate phenotypes. Mutations of SRGAP3 may thus contribute to various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Waltereit
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health and Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lin JA, Zhu H, Knickmeyer R, Styner M, Gilmore J, Ibrahim JG. Projection regression models for multivariate imaging phenotype. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:631-41. [PMID: 22807230 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a projection regression model (PRM) to assess the relationship between a multivariate phenotype and a set of covariates, such as a genetic marker, age, and gender. In the existing literature, a standard statistical approach to this problem is to fit a multivariate linear model to the multivariate phenotype and then use Hotelling's T(2) to test hypotheses of interest. An alternative approach is to fit a simple linear model and test hypotheses for each individual phenotype and then correct for multiplicity. However, even when the dimension of the multivariate phenotype is relatively small, say 5, such standard approaches can suffer from the issue of low statistical power in detecting the association between the multivariate phenotype and the covariates. The PRM generalizes a statistical method based on the principal component of heritability for association analysis in genetic studies of complex multivariate phenotypes. The key components of the PRM include an estimation procedure for extracting several principal directions of multivariate phenotypes relating to covariates and a test procedure based on wild-bootstrap method for testing the association between the weighted multivariate phenotype and explanatory variables. Simulation studies and an imaging genetic dataset are used to examine the finite sample performance of the PRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-an Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Schizophrenia-associated HapICE haplotype is associated with increased NRG1 type III expression and high nucleotide diversity. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e104. [PMID: 22832904 PMCID: PMC3337073 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitement and controversy have followed neuregulin (NRG1) since its discovery as a putative schizophrenia susceptibility gene; however, the mechanism of action of the associated risk haplotype (HapICE) has not been identified, and specific genetic variations, which may increase risk to schizophrenia have remained elusive. Using a postmortem brain cohort from 37 schizophrenia cases and 37 controls, we resequenced upstream of the type I-IV promoters, and the HapICE repeat regions in intron 1. Relative abundance of seven NRG1 mRNA transcripts in the prefrontal cortex were determined and compared across diagnostic and genotypic groups. We identified 26 novel DNA variants and showed an increased novel variant load in cases compared with controls (χ(2)=7.815; P=0.05). The average nucleotide diversity (θ = 10.0 × 10(-4)) was approximately twofold higher than that previously reported for BDNF, indicating that NRG1 may be particularly prone to genetic change. A greater nucleotide diversity was observed in the HapICE linkage disequilibrium block in schizophrenia cases (θ((case)) = 13.2 × 10(-4); θ((control)) = 10.0 × 10(-4)). The specific HapICE risk haplotype was associated with increased type III mRNA (F = 3.76, P = 0.028), which in turn, was correlated with an earlier age of onset (r = -0.343, P = 0.038). We found a novel intronic five-SNP haplotype ~730 kb upstream of the type I promoter and determined that this region functions as transcriptional enhancer that is suppressed by SRY. We propose that the HapICE risk haplotype increases expression of the most brain-abundant form of NRG1, which in turn, elicits an earlier clinical presentation, thus providing a novel mechanism through which this genetic association may increase risk of schizophrenia.
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Crisafulli C, Chiesa A, Han C, Lee SJ, Park MH, Balzarro B, Andrisano C, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. Case-control association study for 10 genes in patients with schizophrenia: influence of 5HTR1A variation rs10042486 on schizophrenia and response to antipsychotics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:199-205. [PMID: 22120873 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate possible associations between a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 genes with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and response to antipsychotics in Korean in-patients treated with antipsychotics. Two hundred and twenty-one SCZ in-patients and 170 psychiatrically healthy controls were genotyped for 42 SNPs within ABCB1, ABCB4, TAP2, CLOCK, CPLX1, CPLX2, SYN2, NRG1, 5HTR1A and GPRIN2. Baseline and final clinical measures, including the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), were recorded. Rs10042486 within 5HTR1A was associated with both SCZ and clinical improvement on PANSS total scores as well as on PANSS positive and PANSS negative scores. The haplotype analyses focusing on the four, three and two blocks' haplotypes within 5HTR1A confirmed such findings as well. We did not observe any significant association between the remaining genetic variants under investigation in this study and clinical outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that rs10042486 within 5HTR1A promoter region could be associated with SCZ and with clinical improvement on PANSS total, positive and negative scores in Korean patients with SCZ. However, taking into account the several limitations of our study, further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Messina, Italy
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Edmiston EE, Wang F, Kalmar JH, Womer FY, Chepenik LG, Pittman B, Gueorguieva R, Hur E, Spencer L, Staib LH, Constable RT, Fulbright RK, Papademetris X, Blumberg HP. Lateral ventricle volume and psychotic features in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:400-402. [PMID: 22041535 PMCID: PMC3225709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This magnetic resonance imaging study demonstrates increased lateral ventricle volume (LVV) in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic symptoms, but not without psychosis, compared to healthy adolescents and adults. This suggests LVV is a morphologic feature associated with psychosis in BD, present by adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica H. Kalmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fay Y. Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lara G. Chepenik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Hur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Staib
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert K. Fulbright
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Hilary Blumberg, M.D., Yale Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, 203-785-6180,
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Ota M, Fujii T, Nemoto K, Tatsumi M, Moriguchi Y, Hashimoto R, Sato N, Iwata N, Kunugi H. A polymorphism of the ABCA1 gene confers susceptibility to schizophrenia and related brain changes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1877-83. [PMID: 21839797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates cellular cholesterol efflux through the transfer of cholesterol from the inner to the outer layer of the cell membrane and regulates extracellular cholesterol levels in the central nervous system. Several lines of evidence have indicated lipid and myelin abnormalities in schizophrenia. METHOD Initially, we examined the possible association of the polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene (ABCA1) with susceptibility to schizophrenia in 506 patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) and 941 controls. The observed association was then subject to a replication analysis in an independent sample of 511 patients and 539 controls. We further examined the possible effect of the risk allele on gray matter volume assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 86 patients with schizophrenia (49 males) and 139 healthy controls (47 males). RESULTS In the initial association study, the 1587 K allele (rs2230808) was significantly more common in male patients with schizophrenia than in male controls. Although such a significant difference was not observed in the second sample alone, the increased frequency of the 1587 K allele in male patients remained to be significant in the combined male sample of 556 patients and 594 controls. Male schizophrenia patients carrying the 1587 K allele had a smaller amount of gray matter volume than those who did not carry the allele. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a male-specific association of the 1587 K allele of ABCA1 with susceptibility to schizophrenia and smaller gray matter volume in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Smyrnis N, Kattoulas E, Stefanis NC, Avramopoulos D, Stefanis CN, Evdokimidis I. Schizophrenia-related neuregulin-1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms lead to deficient smooth eye pursuit in a large sample of young men. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:822-31. [PMID: 19965935 PMCID: PMC3122292 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) variations have been shown to modulate schizophrenia candidate endophenotypes related to brain structure and function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of NRG1 on several oculomotor schizophrenia endophenotypes. The effects of 5 core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the NRG1 gene to oculomotor parameters in a battery of oculomotor tasks (saccade, antisaccade, smooth eye pursuit, fixation) were investigated in a sample of 2243 young male military conscripts. Additive regression models, bootstrap and permutation techniques, were used as well as structural equation modeling and haplotype analysis. A deficit in global smooth eye pursuit performance measured using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was related to the risk allele of SNP8NRG243177, and a deficit in global smooth eye pursuit performance measured using the saccade frequency was related with the risk allele of SNP8NRG433E1006. Structural equation modeling confirmed a global effect of NRG1 genotype on smooth eye pursuit performance using the RMSE, while the effect on saccade frequency was not confirmed. Haplotype analysis further confirmed the prediction from the structural equation modeling that a combination of alleles corresponding to the Icelandic high-risk haplotype was related to a deficit in global pursuit performance. NRG1 genotype variations were related to smooth eye pursuit variations both at the SNP level and at the haplotype level adding to the validation of this gene as a candidate gene for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Nicholas C. Stefanis
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece,Psychiatry Department
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Lazar NL, Neufeld RWJ, Cain DP. Contribution of nonprimate animal models in understanding the etiology of schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011; 36:E5-29. [PMID: 21247514 PMCID: PMC3120891 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that is characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. The etiology of the disorder is complex, and it is thought to follow a multifactorial threshold model of inheritance with genetic and neurodevelop mental contributions to risk. Human studies are particularly useful in capturing the richness of the phenotype, but they are often limited to the use of correlational approaches. By assessing behavioural abnormalities in both humans and rodents, nonprimate animal models of schizophrenia provide unique insight into the etiology and mechanisms of the disorder. This review discusses the phenomenology and etiology of schizophrenia and the contribution of current nonprimate animal models with an emphasis on how research with models of neuro transmitter dysregulation, environmental risk factors, neurodevelopmental disruption and genetic risk factors can complement the literature on schizophrenia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah L Lazar
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont.
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Kurnianingsih YA, Kuswanto CN, McIntyre RS, Qiu A, Ho BC, Sim K. Neurocognitive-genetic and neuroimaging-genetic research paradigms in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1621-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Faludi G, Mirnics K. Synaptic changes in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:305-9. [PMID: 21382468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, neuroimaging and postmortem data all suggest schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and that synaptic disturbances might play a critical role in developing the disease. In 1982, Feinberg proposed that the schizophrenia might arise as a result of abnormal synaptic pruning. His hypothesis has survived 40years of accumulated data, and we review the critical findings related to synaptic dysfunction of schizophrenia. While it is clear that synaptic disturbances are integral and important for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it has also become obvious that synaptic disturbances cannot be studied and understood as an independent disease hallmark, but only as a part of a complex network of homeostatic events. Development, glial-neural interaction, changes in energy homeostasis, diverse genetic predisposition, neuroimmune processes and environmental influences all can tip the delicate homeostatic balance of the synaptic morphology and connectivity in a uniquely individual fashion, thus contributing to the emergence of the various symptoms of this devastating disorder. Finally, we argue that based on a predominant change in gene expression pattern we can broadly sub-stratify schizophrenia into "synaptic" "oligodendroglial", "metabolic" and "inflammatory" subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Faludi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kútvölgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Roussos P, Giakoumaki SG, Adamaki E, Bitsios P. The influence of schizophrenia-related neuregulin-1 polymorphisms on sensorimotor gating in healthy males. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:479-86. [PMID: 21035784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) variations have been shown to modulate schizophrenia candidate endophenotypes related to brain structure and function. The objective of this cross-sectional genetic association study was to determine the relationship of six core single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the NRG1 gene identified as promising schizophrenia risk genes (rs6994992, SNP8NRG221132, SNP8NRG241930, rs3924999, rs2439272 and rs10503929) to prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, a well validated schizophrenia endophenotype. METHODS PPI was tested in a highly homogeneous study entry cohort (n = 445) of carefully screened healthy, young male army conscripts originating from the Greek LOGOS project (Learning on Genetics of Schizophrenia Spectrum). The QTPHASE from the UNPHASED package was used for the association analysis of each single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotype data. RESULTS Reduced PPI, particularly at 75-dB_120-msec and 85-dB_60-msec trials, was related to the SNP8NRG241930 G allele and especially the rs6994992 T allele and rs2439272 C allele. Haplotype analysis followed up by risk versus no-risk groups Analysis of variance confirmed that the rs10503929 and rs3924999 SNPs were also associated with PPI reductions, when combined with rs2439272. CONCLUSIONS We provide solid evidence for a role of NRG1 risk genotype variations in PPI reductions in a large and demographically and genetically highly homogeneous cohort of healthy young males. These results further validate NRG1 as a candidate gene for the schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and improve our understanding of its functional mechanisms within the human brain because they suggest an influence of the gene in the neural substrate mediating sensorimotor gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Abstract
Functional and structural brain imaging has identified neural and neurotransmitter systems involved in schizophrenia and their link to cognitive and behavioural disturbances such as psychosis. Mapping such abnormalities in patients, however, cannot fully capture the strong neurodevelopmental component of schizophrenia that pre-dates manifest illness. A recent strategy to address this issue has been to focus on mechanisms of disease risk. Imaging genetics techniques have made it possible to define neural systems that mediate heritable risk linked to candidate and genome-wide-supported common variants, and mechanisms for environmental risk and gene-environment interactions are emerging. Characterizing the neural risk architecture of schizophrenia provides a translational research strategy for future treatments.
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The planar polarity protein Scribble1 is essential for neuronal plasticity and brain function. J Neurosci 2010; 30:9738-52. [PMID: 20660256 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6007-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a key regulator of apicobasal polarity, presynaptic architecture, and short-term synaptic plasticity in Drosophila. In mammals, its homolog Scrib1 has been implicated in cancer, neural tube closure, and planar cell polarity (PCP), but its specific role in the developing and adult nervous system is unclear. Here, we used the circletail mutant, a mouse model for PCP defects, to show that Scrib1 is located in spines where it influences actin cytoskeleton and spine morphing. In the hippocampus of these mutants, we observed an increased synapse pruning associated with an increased number of enlarged spines and postsynaptic density, and a decreased number of perforated synapses. This phenotype was associated with a mislocalization of the signaling pathway downstream of Scrib1, leading to an overall activation of Rac1 and defects in actin dynamic reorganization. Finally, Scrib1-deficient mice exhibit enhanced learning and memory abilities and impaired social behavior, two features relevant to autistic spectrum disorders. Our data identify Scrib1 as a crucial regulator of brain development and spine morphology, and suggest that Scrib1(crc/+) mice might be a model for studying synaptic dysfunction and human psychiatric disorders.
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A follow-up study: acute behavioural effects of Delta(9)-THC in female heterozygous neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain mutant mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 211:277-89. [PMID: 20571781 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Heavy cannabis use is linked with an increased risk for schizophrenia. We showed previously that male heterozygous neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain (Nrg1 HET) mice are more sensitive to some effects of the psychotropic cannabis constituent Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We report data from a follow-up study in female Nrg1 HET mice, investigating THC effects on behaviours with some relevance to schizophrenia. METHODS Mice were injected with THC (0, 5 or 10 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before a test battery: open field, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition (set 1) or light-dark, social interaction (SI) and prepulse inhibition (PPI 1: variable interstimulus interval (ISI); set 2). Another set (set 3) was injected with the same doses of THC before a fixed interstimulus interval PPI test (PPI 2). RESULTS Female Nrg1 HETs displayed the hallmark increased locomotor activity at 5 months and anxiolytic-like behaviour in the open field at 3 and 5 months. THC decreased locomotor activity in both genotypes. THC selectively reduced some SI behaviours in WT mice. Baseline PPI was enhanced in mutants under a variable ISI, while THC had no effect on PPI using either protocol. CONCLUSIONS This study reports novel findings on the baseline PPI profile and resistance to THC-induced social withdrawal in female Nrg1 HET mice. This is the first description of THC effects in females of this mouse model and suggests that the transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutation does not appear to have a severe impact on the behavioural sensitivity to THC in female mice.
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Neuregulin 1-erbB4 pathway in schizophrenia: From genes to an interactome. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:132-9. [PMID: 20433909 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently identified candidate susceptibility genes for schizophrenia are likely to play, important roles in the pathophysiology of the illness. It is also clear, however, that the etiologic, contribution of these genes is not only via their own functions but also through interactions with other, genes and environmental factors. Genetic, transgenic and postmortem brain studies support a, potential role for NRG1-erbB4 signaling in schizophrenia. Embedded in the results of these studies, however, are clues to the notion that NRG1-erbB4 signaling does not act alone but in conjunction with, other pathways. This article aims to re-evaluate the evidence for the role of neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-erbB4 signaling in schizophrenia by focusing on its interactions with other candidate susceptibility, pathways. In addition, we consider molecular substrates upon which the NRG1-erbB4 and other, candidate pathways converge contributing to susceptibility for the illness (schizophrenia interactome). Glutamatergic signaling can be an interesting candidate for schizophrenia interactome. Schizophrenia is associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction and moreover, several susceptibility genes for, schizophrenia converge on NMDA receptor signaling. These candidate genes influence NMDA receptor, signaling via diverse mechanisms, yet all eventually impact on protein composition of NMDA receptor, complexes. Likewise, the protein associations in the receptor complexes can themselves modulate, signaling molecules of candidate genes and their pathways. Therefore, protein-protein interactions in the NMDA receptor complexes can mediate reciprocal interactions between NMDA receptor function, and susceptibility candidate pathways including NRG1-erbB4 signaling and thus can be a, schizophrenia interactome.
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Heritability of brain ventricle volume: converging evidence from inconsistent results. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:1-8. [PMID: 20363053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies generally show great consistency for the heritability of brain structures. Ironically, the lateral ventricles--perhaps the most reliably measured brain regions of interest--are the most inconsistent when it comes to estimating genetic influences on their volume. Heritability estimates in twin studies have ranged from zero to almost 0.80. Here we aggregate heritability estimates from extant twin studies, and we review and reinterpret some of the findings. Based on our revised estimates, we conclude that lateral ventricular volume is indeed heritable. The weighted average heritability of the revised estimates was 0.54. Although accumulated environmental insults might seem most logical as the predominant cause of age-related ventricular expansion, the data strongly suggest that genetic influences on lateral ventricular volume are increasing with age. Genetic influences accounted for 32-35% of the variance in lateral ventricular volume in childhood, but about 75% of the variance in late middle and older age. These conclusions have implications for the basic understanding of the genetic and environmental underpinnings of normative and pathological brain aging.
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Meyer U, Feldon J. Epidemiology-driven neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 90:285-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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O'Tuathaigh CMP, Harte M, O'Leary C, O'Sullivan GJ, Blau C, Lai D, Harvey RP, Tighe O, Fagan AJ, Kerskens C, Reynolds GP, Waddington JL. Schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in heterozygous neuregulin-1 'knockout' mice. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:349-58. [PMID: 20074216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.07069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has been shown to play a role in glutamatergic neurotransmission and is a risk gene for schizophrenia, in which there is evidence for hypoglutamatergic function. Sensitivity to the behavioural effects of the psychotomimetic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists MK-801 and phencyclidine (PCP) was examined in mutant mice with heterozygous deletion of NRG1. Social behaviour (sociability, social novelty preference and dyadic interaction), together with exploratory activity, was assessed following acute or subchronic administration of MK-801 (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) or PCP (5 mg/kg). In untreated NRG1 mutants, levels of glutamate, N-acetylaspartate and GABA were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and regional brain volumes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging at 7T. NRG1 mutants, particularly males, displayed decreased responsivity to the locomotor-activating effects of acute PCP. Subchronic MK-801 and PCP disrupted sociability and social novelty preference in mutants and wildtypes and reversed the increase in both exploratory activity and social dominance-related behaviours observed in vehicle-treated mutants. No phenotypic differences were demonstrated in N-acetylaspartate, glutamate or GABA levels. The total ventricular and olfactory bulb volume was decreased in mutants. These data indicate a subtle role for NRG1 in modulating several schizophrenia-relevant processes including the effects of psychotomimetic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M P O'Tuathaigh
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Mata I, Perez-Iglesias R, Roiz-Santiañez R, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Gonzalez-Mandly A, Berja A, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Crespo-Facorro B. Additive effect of NRG1 and DISC1 genes on lateral ventricle enlargement in first episode schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2009; 53:1016-22. [PMID: 19913623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and Disrupted-in-schizophrenia (DISC1) genes, which are candidate genes for schizophrenia, are implicated in brain development. We have previously reported an association between the T allele of the rs6994992 SNP within NRG1 gene and lateral ventricle (LV) enlargement in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Moreover, transgenic mice with mutant DISC1 have also been reported as showing LV enlargement. In this study, we examined the possible interactive effects of NRG1 and DISC1 on brain volumes in a sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Ninety-one patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia underwent genotyping of three SNPs within DISC1 and structural brain MRI. These results were combined with our previously reported genotypes on three SNPs within NRG1. The T/T genotype of rs2793092 SNP in DISC1 was significantly associated with increased LV volume. However, taking into account the rs6994992 SNP in the NRG1 gene, which was also associated with LV volume in a previous study, the DISC1 SNP only predicted LV enlargement among those patients carrying the T allele in the NRG1 SNP. Those patients with the "at risk" allelic combinations in both genes had LV volumes which were 48% greater than those with none of the allelic combinations. Our findings suggest that NRG1 and DISC1 genes may be associated with brain abnormalities in schizophrenia through their influence on related pathways of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Mata
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, CIBERSAM
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Dutt A, McDonald C, Dempster E, Prata D, Shaikh M, Williams I, Schulze K, Marshall N, Walshe M, Allin M, Collier D, Murray R, Bramon E. The effect of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on hippocampal and lateral ventricular volume in psychosis. Psychol Med 2009; 39:1783-1797. [PMID: 19573260 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709990316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphometric endophenotypes which have been proposed for psychotic disorders include lateral ventricular enlargement and hippocampal volume reductions. Genetic epidemiological studies support an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes have been implicated in the aetiology of both these disorders. This study examined associations between these candidate genes and morphometric endophenotypes for psychosis. METHOD A total of 383 subjects (128 patients with psychosis, 194 of their unaffected relatives and 61 healthy controls) from the Maudsley Family Psychosis Study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping. The effect of candidate genes on brain morphometry was examined using linear regression models adjusting for clinical group, age, sex and correlations between members of the same family. RESULTS The results showed no evidence of association between variation in COMT genotype and lateral ventricular, and left or right hippocampal volumes. Neither was there any effect of the BDNF, 5-HTTLPR, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genotypes on these regional brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal hippocampal and lateral ventricular volumes are among the most replicated endophenotypes for psychosis; however, the influences of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on these key brain regions must be very subtle if at all present.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry (King's College London)/South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Höistad M, Segal D, Takahashi N, Sakurai T, Buxbaum JD, Hof PR. Linking white and grey matter in schizophrenia: oligodendrocyte and neuron pathology in the prefrontal cortex. Front Neuroanat 2009; 3:9. [PMID: 19636386 PMCID: PMC2713751 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.05.009.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal circuitry relies to a large extent on the presence of functional myelin produced in the brain by oligodendrocytes. Schizophrenia has been proposed to arise partly from altered brain connectivity. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies have revealed changes in white matter and reduction in myelin content in patients with schizophrenia. In particular, alterations in the directionality and alignment of axons have been documented in schizophrenia. Moreover, the expression levels of several myelin-related genes are decreased in postmortem brains obtained from patients with schizophrenia. These findings have led to the formulation of the oligodendrocyte/myelin dysfunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. In this review, we present a brief overview of the neuropathologic findings obtained on white matter and oligodendrocyte status observed in schizophrenia patients, and relate these changes to the processes of brain maturation and myelination. We also review recent data on oligodendrocyte/myelin genes, and present some recent mouse models of myelin deficiencies. The use of transgenic and mutant animal models offers a unique opportunity to analyze oligodendrocyte and neuronal changes that may have a clinical impact. Lastly, we present some recent morphological findings supporting possible causal involvement of white and grey matter abnormalities, in the aim of determining the morphologic characteristics of the circuits whose alteration leads to the cortical dysfunction that possibly underlies the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Höistad
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Devorah Segal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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