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Angelopoulou E, Bougea A, Hatzimanolis A, Scarmeas N, Papageorgiou SG. Unraveling the Potential Underlying Mechanisms of Mild Behavioral Impairment: Focusing on Amyloid and Tau Pathology. Cells 2024; 13:1164. [PMID: 38995015 PMCID: PMC11240615 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among non-demented individuals in later life, defined as mild behavioral impairment (MBI), is linked to a higher risk of cognitive decline. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. A growing body of evidence has shown that MBI is associated with alterations in structural and functional neuroimaging studies, higher genetic predisposition to clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as amyloid and tau pathology assessed in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging and neuropathological examination. These findings shed more light on the MBI-related potential neurobiological mechanisms, paving the way for the development of targeted pharmacological approaches. In this review, we aim to discuss the available clinical evidence on the role of amyloid and tau pathology in MBI and the potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, disruption of neurotrophic factors, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), abnormal neuroinflammatory responses including the kynurenine pathway, dysregulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), epigenetic alterations including micro-RNA (miR)-451a and miR-455-3p, synaptic dysfunction, imbalance in neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine, as well as altered locus coeruleus (LC) integrity are some of the potential mechanisms connecting MBI with amyloid and tau pathology. The elucidation of the underlying neurobiology of MBI would facilitate the design and efficacy of relative clinical trials, especially towards amyloid- or tau-related pathways. In addition, we provide insights for future research into our deeper understanding of its underlying pathophysiology of MBI, and discuss relative therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Street 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Street 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Hatzimanolis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Street 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Street 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias Street 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Ghaffari MK, Rafati A, Karbalaei N, Haghani M, Nemati M, Sefati N, Namavar MR. The effect of intra-nasal co-treatment with insulin and growth factor-rich serum on behavioral defects, hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, and histological changes induced by icv-STZ in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4833-4849. [PMID: 38157024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Impaired insulin and growth factor functions are thought to drive many alterations in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia and seem to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Recent studies revealed that nasal growth factor therapy could induce neuronal and oligodendroglia protection in rodent brain damage induction models. Impairment of several growth factors signaling was reported in neurodegenerative diseases. So, in the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal co-treatment of insulin and a pool of growth factor-rich serum (GFRS) which separated from activated platelets on memory, and behavioral defects induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) rat model also investigated changes in the hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative state and histology. We found that icv-STZ injection (3 mg/kg bilaterally) impairs spatial learning and memory in Morris Water Maze, leads to anxiogenic-like behavior in the open field arena, and induces oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia death in the hippocampus. GFRS (1µl/kg, each other day, 9 doses) and regular insulin (4 U/40 µl, daily, 18 doses) treatments improved learning, memory, and anxiogenic behaviors. The present study showed that co-treatment (GFRS + insulin with respective dose) has more robust protection against hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal/oligodendroglia survival in comparison with the single therapy. Memory and behavioral improvements in the co-treatment of insulin and GFRS could be attributed to their effects on neuronal/oligodendroglia survival and reduction of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Khorsand Ghaffari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sefati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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Fraile-Ramos J, Reig-Vilallonga J, Giménez-Llort L. Glomerular Hypertrophy and Splenic Red Pulp Degeneration Concurrent with Oxidative Stress in 3xTg-AD Mice Model for Alzheimer's Disease and Its Exacerbation with Sex and Social Isolation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6112. [PMID: 38892297 PMCID: PMC11172848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuously expanding field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is now beginning to defocus the brain to take a more systemic approach to the disease, as alterations in the peripheral organs could be related to disease progression. One emerging hypothesis is organ involvement in the process of Aβ clearance. In the present work, we aimed to examine the status and involvement of the kidney as a key organ for waste elimination and the spleen, which is in charge of filtering the blood and producing lymphocytes, and their influence on AD. The results showed morphological and structural changes due to acute amyloidosis in the kidney (glomeruli area) and spleen (red pulp area and red/white pulp ratio) together with reduced antioxidant defense activity (GPx) in 16-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice when compared to their age- and sex-matched non-transgenic (NTg) counterparts. All these alterations correlated with the anxious-like behavioral phenotype of this mouse model. In addition, forced isolation, a cause of psychological stress, had a negative effect by intensifying genotype differences and causing differences to appear in NTg animals. This study further supports the relevance of a more integrative view of the complex interplay between systems in aging, especially at advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fraile-Ramos
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Reig-Vilallonga
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Lei B, Li Y, Fu W, Yang P, Chen S, Wang T, Xiao X, Niu T, Fu Y, Wang S, Han H, Qin J. Alzheimer's disease diagnosis from multi-modal data via feature inductive learning and dual multilevel graph neural network. Med Image Anal 2024; 97:103213. [PMID: 38850625 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Multi-modal data can provide complementary information of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its development from different perspectives. Such information is closely related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD, and hence it is necessary and critical to study AD through multi-modal data. Existing learning methods, however, usually ignore the influence of feature heterogeneity and directly fuse features in the last stages. Furthermore, most of these methods only focus on local fusion features or global fusion features, neglecting the complementariness of features at different levels and thus not sufficiently leveraging information embedded in multi-modal data. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel framework for AD diagnosis that fuses gene, imaging, protein, and clinical data. Our framework learns feature representations under the same feature space for different modalities through a feature induction learning (FIL) module, thereby alleviating the impact of feature heterogeneity. Furthermore, in our framework, local and global salient multi-modal feature interaction information at different levels is extracted through a novel dual multilevel graph neural network (DMGNN). We extensively validate the proposed method on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and experimental results demonstrate our method consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art multi-modal fusion methods. The code is publicly available on the GitHub website. (https://github.com/xiankantingqianxue/MIA-code.git).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Lei
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Lab. for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Lab. for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Marshall Lab. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Lab. for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Lab. for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Marshall Lab. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, China
| | - Peng Yang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Lab. for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Lab. for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Marshall Lab. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Lab. for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Lab. for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Marshall Lab. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Lab. for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Lab. for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Marshall Lab. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 530031, China
| | - Tianye Niu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hongbin Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Beijing, 100191, China; The second hospital of Dalian Medical University,Research and developing center of medical technology, Dalian, 116027, China.
| | - Jing Qin
- Center for Smart Health, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Català-Solsona J, Lutzu S, Lituma PJ, Fábregas-Ordoñez C, Siedlecki D, Giménez-Llort L, Miñano-Molina AJ, Saura CA, Castillo PE, Rodriguez-Álvarez J. Nr4a2 blocks oAβ-mediated synaptic plasticity dysfunction and ameliorates spatial memory deficits in the APP Sw,Ind mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577010. [PMID: 38328087 PMCID: PMC10849715 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease AD is associated with disruptions in neuronal communication, especially in brain regions crucial for learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. The amyloid hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of amyloid-beta oligomers (oAβ) contributes to synaptic dysfunction by internalisation of synaptic AMPA receptors. Recently, it has been reported that Nr4a2, a member of the Nr4a family of orphan nuclear receptors, plays a role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity by regulating BDNF and synaptic AMPA receptors. Here, we demonstrate that oAβ inhibits activity-dependent Nr4a2 activation in hippocampal neurons, indicating a potential link between oAβ and Nr4a2 down-regulation. Furthermore, we have observed a reduction in Nr4a2 protein levels in postmortem hippocampal tissue samples from early AD stages. Pharmacological activation of Nr4a2 proves effective in preventing oAβ-mediated synaptic depression in the hippocampus. Notably, Nr4a2 overexpression in the hippocampus of AD mouse models ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficits. In conclusion, the findings suggest that oAβ may contribute to early cognitive impairment in AD by blocking Nr4a2 activation, leading to synaptic dysfunction. Thus, our results further support that Nr4a2 activation is a potential therapeutic target to mitigate oAβ-induced synaptic and cognitive impairments in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Xiong R, Li B, Yu H, Fan T, Yu H, Yang Y, Wang JZ, Pi G, Yang X. Urolithin A Inhibits Anterior Basolateral Amygdala to Ventral Hippocampal CA1 Circuit to Ameliorate Amyloid-β-Impaired Social Ability. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1303-1316. [PMID: 38759018 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Anxiety and social withdrawal are highly prevalent among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain elusive, and there is a need for effective prevention strategies. Objective This study aims to elucidate the neural circuitry mechanisms underlying social anxiety in AD. Methods We utilized 5xFAD mice and conducted a series of experiments including optogenetic manipulation, Tandem Mass Tag-labeled proteome analysis, behavioral assessments, and immunofluorescence staining. Results In 5xFAD mice, we observed significant amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the anterior part of basolateral amygdala (aBLA). Behaviorally, 6-month-old 5xFAD mice displayed excessive social avoidance during social interaction. Concurrently, the pathway from aBLA to ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) was significantly activated and exhibited a disorganized firing patterns during social interaction. By optogenetically inhibiting the aBLA-vCA1 pathway, we effectively improved the social ability of 5xFAD mice. In the presence of Aβ accumulation, we identified distinct changes in the protein network within the aBLA. Following one month of administration of Urolithin A (UA), we observed significant restoration of the abnormal protein network within the aBLA. UA treatment also attenuated the disorganized firings of the aBLA-vCA1 pathway, leading to an improvement in social ability. Conclusions The aBLA-vCA1 circuit is a vulnerable pathway in response to Aβ accumulation during the progression of AD and plays a crucial role in Aβ-induced social anxiety. Targeting the aBLA-vCA1 circuit and UA administration are both effective strategies for improving the Aβ-impaired social ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binrui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianceng Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guilin Pi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Tian S, Ye T, Cheng X. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD) mouse model strain. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114505. [PMID: 37597764 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
As a classic animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the 3 × Tg-AD mouse not only recapitulates most of anatomical hallmarks observed in AD pathology but also displays cognitive alterations in memory and learning tasks. The 3 × Tg-AD can better show the two characteristics of AD, amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Therefore, 3 × Tg-AD strain is widely used in AD pathogenesis research and new drug development of AD. In this paper, the construction methods, pathological changes, and treatment characteristics of 3 × Tg-AD mouse models commonly used in AD research are summarized and commented, hoping to provide reference for researchers to choose and establish experimental patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Tianyuan Ye
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, PR China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China.
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Muntsant A, Castillo-Ruiz MDM, Giménez-Llort L. Survival Bias, Non-Lineal Behavioral and Cortico-Limbic Neuropathological Signatures in 3xTg-AD Mice for Alzheimer's Disease from Premorbid to Advanced Stages and Compared to Normal Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13796. [PMID: 37762098 PMCID: PMC10531136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical research in aging is hampered by the scarcity of studies modeling its heterogeneity and complexity forged by pathophysiological conditions throughout the life cycle and under the sex perspective. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia in older adults, we recently described in female wildtype and APP23 mice a survival bias and non-linear chronology of behavioral signatures from middle age to long life. Here, we present a comprehensive and multidimensional (physical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric-like symptoms) screening and underlying neuropathological signatures in male and female 3xTg-AD mice at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 16 months of age and compared to their non-transgenic counterparts with gold-standard C57BL/6J background. Most variables studied detected age-related differences, whereas the genotype factor was specific to horizontal and vertical activities, thigmotaxis, coping with stress strategies, working memory, and frailty index. A sex effect was predominantly observed in classical emotional variables and physical status. Sixteen-month-old mice exhibited non-linear age- and genotype-dependent behavioral signatures, with higher heterogeneity in females, and worsened in naturalistically isolated males, suggesting distinct compensatory mechanisms and survival bias. The underlying temporal and spatial progression of Aβ and tau pathologies pointed to a relevant cortico-limbic substrate roadmap: premorbid intracellular Aβ immunoreactivity and pSer202/pThr205 tau phosphorylation in the amygdala and ventral hippocampus, and the entorhinal cortex and ventral hippocampus as the areas most affected by Aβ plaques. Therefore, depicting phenotypic signatures and neuropathological correlates can be critical to unveiling preventive/therapeutic research and intervention windows and studying adaptative behaviors and maladaptive responses relevant to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Muntsant
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
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Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Babiker FA. Impaired Insulin Signaling Alters Mediators of Hippocampal Synaptic Dynamics/Plasticity: A Possible Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Cells 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37443762 PMCID: PMC10340300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fawzi A. Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
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Drew VJ, Park M, Kim T. GABA-Positive Astrogliosis in Sleep-Promoting Areas Associated with Sleep Disturbance in 5XFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9695. [PMID: 37298646 PMCID: PMC10253883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, a debilitating symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are associated with neuropathological changes. However, the relationship between these disturbances and regional neuron and astrocyte pathologies remains unclear. This study examined whether sleep disturbances in AD result from pathological changes in sleep-promoting brain areas. Male 5XFAD mice underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings at 3, 6, and 10 months, followed by an immunohistochemical analysis of three brain regions associated with sleep promotion. The findings showed that 5XFAD mice demonstrated reduced duration and bout counts of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by 6 months and reduced duration and bout counts of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by 10 months. Additionally, peak theta EEG power frequency during REM sleep decreased by 10 months. Sleep disturbances correlated with the total number of GFAP-positive astrocytes and the ratio of GFAP- and GABA-positive astrocytes across all three sleep-associated regions corresponding to their roles in sleep promotion. The presence of GABRD in sleep-promoting neurons indicated their susceptibility to inhibition by extrasynaptic GABA. This study reveals that neurotoxic reactive astrogliosis in NREM and REM sleep-promoting areas is linked to sleep disturbances in 5XFAD mice, which suggests a potential target for the treatment of sleep disorders in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; (V.J.D.); (M.P.)
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Balietti M, Casoli T, Giorgetti B, Colangeli R, Nicoletti C, Solazzi M, Pugliese A, Conti F. Generation and Characterization of the First Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Mutated AβPP Inserted in a BALB/c Background (C.B6/J-APPswe). J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230195. [PMID: 37182890 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are available, but all suffer from certain limitations, thus prompting further attempts. To date, no one model exists with amyloidopathy in a BALB/c strain. OBJECTIVE To generate and characterize the C.B6/J-APPswe mouse, a model of AD with a mutated human gene for the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) inserted in a BALB/c background. METHODS We analyzed five groups at different ages (3, 6, 9, 12, and 16-18 months) of C.B6/J-APPswe and wild-type mice (50% males and 50% females) for the main hallmarks of AD by western blotting, amyloid-β (Aβ) ELISA, immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, and behavioral tests. RESULTS The C.B6/J-APPswe mouse displays early AβPP and Aβ production, late amyloid plaques formation, high level of tau phosphorylation, synaptic deficits (reduced density and functional impairment due to a reduced post-synaptic responsiveness), neurodegeneration caused by apoptosis and necroptosis/necrosis, microgliosis, astrocytic abnormalities, and sex-related differences in explorative behavior, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial long-term and working memories. Social housing is feasible despite the intra-cage aggressiveness of male animals. CONCLUSION C.B6/J-APPswe mice develop most of the distinctive features of AD and is a suitable model for the study of brain atrophy mechanisms and of the differences between males and females in the onset of cognitive/non-cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Casoli
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Colangeli
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Nicoletti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Moreno Solazzi
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Pugliese
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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13
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Walter KR, Ricketts DK, Presswood BH, Smith SM, Mooney SM. Prenatal alcohol exposure causes persistent microglial activation and age- and sex- specific effects on cognition and metabolic outcomes in an Alzheimer's Disease mouse model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:302-320. [PMID: 36194703 PMCID: PMC11040461 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes behavioral deficits and increases risk of metabolic diseases. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that has a higher risk in adults with metabolic diseases. Both present with persistent neuroinflammation.Objectives: We tested whether PAE exacerbates AD-related cognitive decline in a mouse model (3xTg-AD; presenilin/amyloid precursor protein/tau), and assessed associations among cognition, metabolic impairment, and microglial reactivity.Methods: Alcohol-exposed (ALC) pregnant 3xTg-AD mice received 3 g/kg alcohol from embryonic day 8.5-17.5. We evaluated recognition memory and associative memory (fear conditioning) in 8-10 males and females per group at 3 months of age (3mo), 7mo, and 11mo, then assessed glucose tolerance, body composition, and hippocampal microglial activation at 12mo.Results: ALC females had higher body weights than controls from 5mo (p < .0001). Controls showed improved recognition memory at 11mo compared with 3mo (p = .007); this was not seen in ALC mice. Older animals froze more during fear conditioning than younger, and ALC mice were hyper-responsive to the fear-related cue (p = .017). Fasting blood glucose was lower in ALC males and higher in ALC females than controls. Positive associations occurred between glucose and fear-related context (p = .04) and adiposity and fear-related cue (p = .0002) in ALC animals. Hippocampal microglial activation was higher in ALC than controls (p < .0001); this trended to correlate with recognition memory.Conclusions: ALC animals showed age-related cognitive impairments that did not interact with AD risk but did correlate with metabolic dysfunction and somewhat with microglial activation. Thus, metabolic disorders may be a therapeutic target for people with FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R. Walter
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
| | - Dane K. Ricketts
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
| | - Brandon H. Presswood
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan M. Smith
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
| | - Sandra M. Mooney
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis NC 28081, USA
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14
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Tang Y, Yan Y, Mao J, Ni J, Qing H. The hippocampus associated GABAergic neural network impairment in early-stage of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101865. [PMID: 36716975 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease with slow progression. Pieces of evidence suggest that the GABAergic system is impaired in the early stage of AD, leading to hippocampal neuron over-activity and further leading to memory and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. However, the precise impairment mechanism of the GABAergic system on the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. The impairment of neural networks associated with the GABAergic system is tightly associated with AD. Therefore, we describe the roles played by hippocampus-related GABAergic circuits and their impairments in AD neuropathology. In addition, we give our understand on the process from GABAergic circuit impairment to cognitive and memory impairment, since recent studies on astrocyte in AD plays an important role behind cognition dysfunction caused by GABAergic circuit impairment, which helps better understand the GABAergic system and could open up innovative AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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15
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Baeta-Corral R, De la Fuente M, Giménez-Llort L. Sex-dependent worsening of NMDA-induced responses, anxiety, hypercortisolemia, and organometry of early peripheral immunoendocrine impairment in adult 3xTg-AD mice and their long-lasting ontogenic modulation by neonatal handling. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114189. [PMID: 36343697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The neuroimmunomodulation hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) postulates that alterations in the innate immune system triggered by damage signals result in adverse effects on neuronal functions. The peripheral immune system and neuroimmunoendocrine communication are also impaired. Here we provide further evidence using a longitudinal design that also studied the long-lasting effects of an early life sensorial intervention (neonatal handling, from postnatal day 1-21) in 6-month-old (early stages of the disease) male and female 3xTg-AD mice compared to age- and sex-matched non-transgenic (NTg) mice with normal aging. The behavioral patterns elicited by the direct exposure to an open field, and the motor depression response evoked by NMDA (25 mg/kg, i.p) were found correlated to the organometry of peripheral immune-endocrine organs (thymus involution, splenomegaly, and adrenal glands' hypertrophy) and increased corticosterone levels, suggesting their potential value for diagnostic and biomonitoring.The NMDA-induced immediate and depressant motor activity and endocrine (corticosterone) responses were sensitive to sex and AD-genotype, suggesting worse endogenous susceptibility/neuroprotective response to glutamatergic excitotoxicity in males and in the AD-genotype. 3xTg-AD females showed a reduced immediate response, whereas the NTg showed higher responsiveness to subsequent NMDA-induced depressant effect than their male counterparts. The long-lasting ontogenic modulation by handling was shown as a potentiation of NMDA-depressant effect in NTg males and females, while sex × treatment effects were found in 3xTg-AD mice. Finally, NMDA-induced corticosterone showed sex, genotype and interaction effects with sexual dimorphism enhanced in the AD-genotype, suggesting different endogenous vulnerability/neuroprotective capacities and modulation of the neuroimmunoendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baeta-Corral
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Elangovan S, Borody TJ, Holsinger RMD. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Pathology and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010119. [PMID: 36611911 PMCID: PMC9818266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known treatment or cure. Global disease projections warrant an urgent and rapid therapeutic for the treatment of this devastating disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a widely accepted and safely used treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. FMT has also been demonstrated to be a possible AD therapeutic. We examined the potential of FMT for the treatment of AD in a robust, mouse model of the disease and report that a brief, 7-day treatment regimen demonstrated 'plaque-busting' and behavior-modifying effects in treated 5xFAD mice. Importantly, we show that donor age plays an important role in the efficacy of the treatment and these findings warrant further investigation in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Elangovan
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Level 1, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Vacanti V, Arancio O, Puzzo D, Palmeri A. Nitric oxide/cGMP/CREB pathway and amyloid-beta crosstalk: From physiology to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:657-668. [PMID: 36400326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, resulting in an increase of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and consequent synthesis of plasticity-related proteins. The NO/cGMP/CREB signaling is downregulated during aging and neurodegenerative disorders and is affected by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein, whose increase and deposition is considered the key pathogenic event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, in physiological conditions, the crosstalk between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ ensures long-term potentiation and memory formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ in the healthy and diseased brain, offering a new perspective to shed light on AD pathophysiology. We will focus on the synaptic mechanisms underlying Aβ physiological interplay with cGMP pathway and how this balance is corrupted in AD, as high levels of Aβ interfere with NO production and cGMP molecular signaling leading to cognitive impairment. Finally, we will discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies proposing the increase of cGMP signaling as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Vacanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina (EN), 94018, Italy.
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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18
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Spatial Memory Training Counteracts Hippocampal GIRK Channel Decrease in the Transgenic APPSw,Ind J9 Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113444. [PMID: 36362230 PMCID: PMC9659077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are critical determinants of neuronal excitability. They have been proposed as potential targets to restore excitatory/inhibitory balance in acute amyloidosis models, where hyperexcitability is a hallmark. However, the role of GIRK signaling in transgenic mice models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is largely unknown. Here, we study whether progressive amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the hippocampus during aging alters GIRK channel expression in mutant β-amyloid precursor protein (APPSw,Ind J9) transgenic AD mice. Additionally, we examine the impact of spatial memory training in a hippocampal-dependent task, on protein expression of GIRK subunits and Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 (RGS7) in the hippocampus of APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Firstly, we found a reduction in GIRK2 expression (the main neuronal GIRK channels subunit) in the hippocampus of 6-month-old APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Moreover, we found an aging effect on GIRK2 and GIRK3 subunits in both wild type (WT) and APPSw,Ind J9 mice. Finally, when 6-month-old animals were challenged to a spatial memory training, GIRK2 expression in the APPSw,Ind J9 mice were normalized to WT levels. Together, our results support the evidence that GIRK2 could account for the excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission imbalance found in AD models, and training in a cognitive hippocampal dependent task may have therapeutic benefits of reversing this effect and lessen early AD deficits.
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19
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Investigation of Anxiety- and Depressive-like Symptoms in 4- and 8-Month-Old Male Triple Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810816. [PMID: 36142737 PMCID: PMC9501136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Approximately 50% of AD patients show anxiety and depressive symptoms, which may contribute to cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate whether the triple-transgenic mouse (3xTg-AD) is a good preclinical model of this co-morbidity. The characteristic histological hallmarks are known to appear around 6-month; thus, 4- and 8-month-old male mice were compared with age-matched controls. A behavioral test battery was used to examine anxiety- (open field (OF), elevated plus maze, light-dark box, novelty suppressed feeding, and social interaction (SI) tests), and depression-like symptoms (forced swim test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, splash test, and learned helplessness) as well as the cognitive decline (Morris water maze (MWM) and social discrimination (SD) tests). Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry visualized cholinergic fibers in the cortex. Dexamethasone-test evaluated the glucocorticoid non-suppression. In the MWM, the 3xTg-AD mice found the platform later than controls in the 8-month-old cohort. The SD abilities of the 3xTg-AD mice were missing at both ages. In OF, both age groups of 3xTg-AD mice moved significantly less than the controls. During SI, 8-month-old 3xTg-AD animals spent less time with friendly social behavior than the controls. In the splash test, 3xTg-AD mice groomed themselves significantly less than controls of both ages. Cortical fiber density was lower in 8-month-old 3xTg-AD mice compared to the control. Dexamethasone non-suppression was detectable in the 4-month-old group. All in all, some anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms were present in 3xTg-AD mice. Although this strain was not generally more anxious or depressed, some aspects of comorbidity might be studied in selected tests, which may help to develop new possible treatments.
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20
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Muntsant A, Giménez-Llort L. Crosstalk of Alzheimer’s disease-phenotype, HPA axis, splenic oxidative stress and frailty in late-stages of dementia, with special concerns on the effects of social isolation: A translational neuroscience approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:969381. [PMID: 36185472 PMCID: PMC9520301 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.969381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping with emotional stressors strongly impacts older people due to their age-related impaired neuroendocrine and immune systems. Elevated cortisol levels seem to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), alterations in the innate immune system result in crosstalk between immune mediators and neuronal and endocrine functions. Besides, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or agitation are observed in most patients. Here, we studied the psychophysiological response to intrinsic (AD-phenotype) and extrinsic (anxiogenic tests) stress factors and their relation to liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen oxidative status in 18-months-old female gold-standard C57BL/6 mice and 3xTg-AD mice model for AD. The emotional, cognitive, and motor phenotypes were assessed under three different anxiogenic conditions. Survival, frailty index, and immunoendocrine status (corticosterone levels and oxidative stress of peripheral organs) were evaluated. Genotype differences in neuropsychiatric-like profiles and cognitive disfunction in 3xTg-AD females that survived beyond advanced stages of the disease persisted despite losing other behavioral and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) physiological differences. A secondary analysis studied the impact of social isolation, naturally occurring in 3xTg-AD mice due to the death of cage mates. One month of isolation modified hyperactivity and neophobia patterns and disrupt the obsessive-compulsive disorder-like digging ethogram. Frailty index correlated with spleen organometrics in all groups, whereas two AD-specific salient functional correlations were identified: (1) Levels of corticosterone with worse performance in the T-maze, (2) and with a lower splenic GPx antioxidant enzymatic activity, which may suppose a potent risk of morbidity and mortality in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Muntsant
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lydia Giménez-Llort,
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21
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Mandino F, Yeow LY, Bi R, Sejin L, Bae HG, Baek SH, Lee CY, Mohammad H, Horien C, Teoh CL, Lee JH, Lai MK, Jung S, Fu Y, Olivo M, Gigg J, Grandjean J. The lateral entorhinal cortex is a hub for local and global dysfunction in early Alzheimer's disease states. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1616-1631. [PMID: 35466772 PMCID: PMC9441719 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221082016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Functional network activity alterations are one of the earliest hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), detected prior to amyloidosis and tauopathy. Better understanding the neuronal underpinnings of such network alterations could offer mechanistic insight into AD progression. Here, we examined a mouse model (3xTgAD mice) recapitulating this early AD stage. We found resting functional connectivity loss within ventral networks, including the entorhinal cortex, aligning with the spatial distribution of tauopathy reported in humans. Unexpectedly, in contrast to decreased connectivity at rest, 3xTgAD mice show enhanced fMRI signal within several projection areas following optogenetic activation of the entorhinal cortex. We corroborate this finding by demonstrating neuronal facilitation within ventral networks and synaptic hyperexcitability in projection targets. 3xTgAD mice, thus, reveal a dichotomic hypo-connected:resting versus hyper-responsive:active phenotype. This strong homotopy between the areas affected supports the translatability of this pathophysiological model to tau-related, early-AD deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mandino
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ling Yun Yeow
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Lee Sejin
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Han Gyu Bae
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Baek
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Chun-Yao Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hasan Mohammad
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Corey Horien
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chai Lean Teoh
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell Kp Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yu Fu
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - John Gigg
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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22
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Giménez-Llort L. Clasping, ledge-score coordination and early gait impairments as primary behavioural markers of functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114054. [PMID: 35961538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motor performance facilitates the understanding of the functional state related to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At the translational level, this brief report refines the characterization of the motor dysfunction of the 3xTg-AD mouse model in different motor tasks, focusing on the abnormal clasping reflex and coordination impairments measured through the Phenotype Scoring System four items screening originally developed for models of ataxia. We studied male 3xTg-AD mice at 6, 12, and 16 months of age (mimicking the early, advanced, and late stages of the disease, respectively) and their age-matched non-transgenic counterparts with normal aging. According to the score, incidence, or severity of the four items and the total score, the 3xTg-AD mice showed deficiencies in all score elements. Clasping was increased independently of age, and its severity worsened with repeated testing. In contrast, the impairment of coordination worsened with the progress of the disease. The gait score was sensitive to genotype since early stages, and the worse ledge score was evident at 16 months. Kyphosis and ledge scores were sensitive to age. The impairments and functional limitations of male 3xTg-AD mice related to the stages of AD provide a scenario that allows understanding the heterogeneity of non-cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Tsui KC, Roy J, Chau SC, Wong KH, Shi L, Poon CH, Wang Y, Strekalova T, Aquili L, Chang RCC, Fung ML, Song YQ, Lim LW. Distribution and inter-regional relationship of amyloid-beta plaque deposition in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964336. [PMID: 35966777 PMCID: PMC9371463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although previous studies have selectively investigated the localization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in certain brain regions, a comprehensive characterization of the rostro-caudal distribution of Aβ plaques in the brain and their inter-regional correlation remain unexplored. Our results demonstrated remarkable working and spatial memory deficits in 9-month-old 5xFAD mice compared to wildtype mice. High Aβ plaque load was detected in the somatosensory cortex, piriform cortex, thalamus, and dorsal/ventral hippocampus; moderate levels of Aβ plaques were observed in the motor cortex, orbital cortex, visual cortex, and retrosplenial dysgranular cortex; and low levels of Aβ plaques were located in the amygdala, and the cerebellum; but no Aβ plaques were found in the hypothalamus, raphe nuclei, vestibular nucleus, and cuneate nucleus. Interestingly, the deposition of Aβ plaques was positively associated with brain inter-regions including the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, medial amygdala, thalamus, and the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive morphological profile of Aβ deposition in the brain and its inter-regional correlation. This suggests an association between Aβ plaque deposition and specific brain regions in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chun Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chun Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Normal Physiology and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luca Aquili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Man-Lung Fung,
| | - You-qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- You-qiang Song,
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lee Wei Lim,
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Khan A, Sati J, Kamal R, Dhawan DK, Chadha VD. Amelioration of cognitive and biochemical impairment in Aβ-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease following fractionated X-irradiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:205-219. [PMID: 35325276 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. Available pharmaceuticals provide temporary symptomatic relief without affecting disease progression. Use of radiation was found effective in treating extra-cranial amyloidosis, therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective role of fractionated X-irradiation in Aβ1-42-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. S.D. female rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham control (Group 1), Aβ1-42 injected (Group 2), cranial X-irradiated (Group 3) and Aβ1-42 injected followed by cranial X-irradiation (Group 4). A single dose of 5 µL Aβ1-42 peptide was administered through intracerebroventricular (icv) injection in Group 2 and 4 animals, while Group 1 animals were administered 5 µL of bi-distilled water (icv). The group 4 animals were further subjected to 10 Gy X-irradiation (fractionated dose, 2 Gy × 5 days) after 4 weeks of Aβ1-42 infusion of peptide. The animals in Group 3 were subjected to same dose of cranial fractionated X-irradiation (2 Gy × 5 days) only. Significant decrease in amyloid deposits were observed in the Aβ1-42 + radiation-treated animals confirmed by histopathological analysis. These finding were in concordance with neurobehavioral tests that showed a significant improvement in Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in the animals subjected to fractionated cranial X-irradiation. Restoration of alterations in neurochemical and antioxidant defense indices further supported our results. The present study highlights the underexplored role of fractionated X-irradiation in curtailing the Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting a novel treatment option for Alzheimer's disease-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khan
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jasmine Sati
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rozy Kamal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vijayta D Chadha
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, University Institute for Emerging Areas in Science and Technology, Panjab University, Block IV, South Campus, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Ishikawa Y, Itoh R, Tsujimoto R, Tamano H, Takeda A. Isoproterenol injected into the basolateral amygdala rescues amyloid β 1-42-induced conditioned fear memory deficit via reducing intracellular Zn 2+ toxicity. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136353. [PMID: 34793899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides as triggers in atrophy of structures in the limbic system, here we postulated that Aβ1-42-induced intracellular Zn2+ toxicity in the basolateral amygdala contributes to conditioned fear memory. Aβ1-42 increased intracellular Zn2+ level in the amygdala after local injection of Aβ1-42 into the basolateral amygdala, resulting in conditioned fear memory deficit via attenuated LTP at perforant pathway-basolateral amygdala synapses. Co-injection of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, reduced Aβ1-42-mediated increase in intracellular Zn2+, resulting in rescue of the memory deficit and attenuated LTP. The present study suggests that beta-adrenergic activity induced by isoproterenol in the basolateral amygdala rescues the impairment of conditioned fear memory by Aβ1-42. The rescuing effect may be linked with reducing Aβ1-42-induced intracellular Zn2+ toxicity. Furthermore, Aβ1-42 injection into the basolateral amygdala also attenuated LTP at perforant pathway-dentate granule cell synapses, while co-injection of isoproterenol rescued it, suggesting that Aβ1-42 toxicity in the basolateral amygdala also affects hippocampus-dependent memory. It is likely that beta-adrenergic receptor activation in the basolateral amygdala rescues the limbic system exposed to Aβ1-42 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ishikawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryusei Itoh
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Rin Tsujimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Pan JX, Sun D, Lee D, Xiong L, Ren X, Guo HH, Yao LL, Lu Y, Jung C, Xiong WC. Osteoblastic Swedish mutant APP expedites brain deficits by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven senescence. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1326. [PMID: 34824365 PMCID: PMC8617160 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often have osteoporosis or osteopenia. However, their direct link and relationship remain largely unclear. Previous studies have detected osteoporotic deficits in young adult Tg2576 and TgAPPsweOCN mice, which express APPswe (Swedish mutant) ubiquitously and selectively in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. This raises the question, whether osteoblastic APPswe contributes to AD development. Here, we provide evidence that TgAPPsweOCN mice also exhibit AD-relevant brain pathologies and behavior phenotypes. Some brain pathologies include age-dependent and regional-selective increases in glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are accompanied by behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety, depression, and altered learning and memory. Further cellular studies suggest that APPswe, but not APPwt or APPlon (London mutant), in OB-lineage cells induces endoplasmic reticulum-stress driven senescence, driving systemic and cortex inflammation as well as behavioral changes in 6-month-old TgAPPsweOCN mice. These results therefore reveal an unrecognized function of osteoblastic APPswe to brain axis in AD development. Jin-Xiu Pan et al. report that an osteoblast-specific expression of Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) induces ER stress-driven senescence, leading to systemic inflammation and inflammation in the cortex that drives behavioral changes. The results demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of osteoblastic APPswe to brain axis in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ling-Ling Yao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuyi Lu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Jung
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Modulation of Neurolipid Signaling and Specific Lipid Species in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212256. [PMID: 34830150 PMCID: PMC8620566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Recently, the regulation of neurolipid-mediated signaling and cerebral lipid species was shown in AD patients. The triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD), harboring βAPPSwe, PS1M146V, and tauP301L transgenes, mimics many critical aspects of AD neuropathology and progressively develops neuropathological markers. Thus, in the present study, 3xTg-AD mice have been used to test the involvement of the neurolipid-based signaling by endocannabinoids (eCB), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in relation to the lipid deregulation. [35S]GTPγS autoradiography was used in the presence of specific agonists WIN55,212-2, LPA and CYM5442, to measure the activity mediated by CB1, LPA1, and S1P1 Gi/0 coupled receptors, respectively. Consecutive slides were used to analyze the relative intensities of multiple lipid species by MALDI Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with microscopic anatomical resolution. The quantitative analysis of the astrocyte population was performed by immunohistochemistry. CB1 receptor activity was decreased in the amygdala and motor cortex of 3xTg-AD mice, but LPA1 activity was increased in the corpus callosum, motor cortex, hippocampal CA1 area, and striatum. Conversely, S1P1 activity was reduced in hippocampal areas. Moreover, the observed modifications on PC, PA, SM, and PI intensities in different brain areas depend on their fatty acid composition, including decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) phospholipids and increase of species containing saturated fatty acids (SFA). The regulation of some lipid species in specific brain regions together with the modulation of the eCB, LPA, and S1P signaling in 3xTg-AD mice indicate a neuroprotective adaptation to improve neurotransmission, relieve the myelination dysfunction, and to attenuate astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. These results could contribute to identify new therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of the lipid signaling in familial AD patients.
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Salvan P, Lazari A, Vidaurre D, Mandino F, Johansen-Berg H, Grandjean J. Frequency modulation of entorhinal cortex neuronal activity drives distinct frequency-dependent states of brain-wide dynamics. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109954. [PMID: 34731612 PMCID: PMC8609366 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuroimaging studies have shown that, during cognitive processing, the brain undergoes dynamic transitions between multiple, frequency-tuned states of activity. Although different states may emerge from distinct sources of neural activity, it remains unclear whether single-area neuronal spiking can also drive multiple dynamic states. In mice, we ask whether frequency modulation of the entorhinal cortex activity causes dynamic states to emerge and whether these states respond to distinct stimulation frequencies. Using hidden Markov modeling, we perform unsupervised detection of transient states in mouse brain-wide fMRI fluctuations induced via optogenetic frequency modulation of excitatory neurons. We unveil the existence of multiple, frequency-dependent dynamic states, invisible through standard static fMRI analyses. These states are linked to different anatomical circuits and disrupted in a frequency-dependent fashion in a transgenic model of cognitive disease directly related to entorhinal cortex dysfunction. These findings provide cross-scale insight into basic neuronal mechanisms that may underpin flexibility in brain-wide dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Salvan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Alberto Lazari
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Diego Vidaurre
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, OHBA, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Francesca Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Department of Medical Imaging and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Pérez-García MJ, Giménez-Llort L. Modeling Functional Limitations, Gait Impairments, and Muscle Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Studies in the 3xTg-AD Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1365. [PMID: 34680482 PMCID: PMC8533188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) result from structural and functional deficiencies that generate limitations in the performance of activities and restrictions in individual's biopsychosocial participation. In a translational way, we have used the conceptual framework proposed by the International Classification of Disability and Health Functioning (ICF) to classify and describe the functioning and disability on gait and exploratory activity in the 3xTg-AD animal model. We developed a behavioral observation method that allows us to differentiate qualitative parameters of psychomotor performance in animals' gait, similar to the behavioral patterns observed in humans. The functional psychomotor evaluation allows measuring various dimensions of gait and exploratory activity at different stages of disease progression in dichotomy with aging. We included male 3xTg-AD mice and their non-transgenic counterpart (NTg) of 6, 12, and 16 months of age (n = 45). Here, we present the preliminary results. The 3xTg-AD mice show more significant functional impairment in gait and exploratory activity quantitative variables. The presence of movement limitations and muscle weakness mark the functional decline related to the disease severity stages that intensify with increasing age. Motor performance in 3xTg-AD is accompanied by a series of bizarre behaviors that interfere with the trajectory, which allows us to infer poor neurological control. Additionally, signs of physical frailty accompany the functional deterioration of these animals. The use of the ICF as a conceptual framework allows the functional status to be described, facilitating its interpretation and application in the rehabilitation of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. José Pérez-García
- Department of Neuroscience, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Proskauer Pena SL, Mallouppas K, Oliveira AMG, Zitricky F, Nataraj A, Jezek K. Early Spatial Memory Impairment in a Double Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease TgF-344 AD. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101300. [PMID: 34679365 PMCID: PMC8533693 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the course of Alzheimer’s disease fully manifests itself and largely impairs a patient’s cognitive abilities, its progression has already lasted for a considerable time without being noticed. In this project, we mapped the development of spatial orientation impairment in an active place avoidance task—a highly sensitive test for mild hippocampal damage. We tested vision, anxiety and spatial orientation performance at four age levels of 4, 6, 9, and 12 months across male and female TgF-344 AD rats carrying human genes for presenilin-1 and amyloid precursor protein. We found a progressive deterioration of spatial navigation in transgenic animals, beginning already at the age of 4 months, that fully developed at 6 months of age across both male and female groups, compared to their age-matched controls. In addition, we described the gradual vision impairment that was accentuated in females at the age of 12 months. These results indicate a rather early onset of cognitive impairment in the TgF-344 AD Alzheimer’s disease model, starting earlier than shown to date, and preceding the reported development of amyloid plaques.
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31
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Soto-Faguás CM, Sanchez-Molina P, Saura CA. Loss of presenilin function enhances tau phosphorylation and aggregation in mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 34593029 PMCID: PMC8482568 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilin (PS/PSEN) genes encoding the catalytic components of γ-secretase accelerate amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies in familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the mechanisms by which these mutations affect Aβ are well defined, the precise role PS/γ-secretase on tau pathology in neurodegeneration independently of Aβ is largely unclear. Here we report that neuronal PS deficiency in conditional knockout (cKO) mice results in age-dependent brain atrophy, inflammatory responses and accumulation of pathological tau in neurons and glial cells. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of presenilin 1 (PS1) or both PS genes in mutant human Tau transgenic mice exacerbates memory deficits by accelerating phosphorylation and aggregation of tau in excitatory neurons of vulnerable AD brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, cortex and amygdala). Remarkably, neurofilament (NF) light chain (NF-L) and phosphorylated NF are abnormally accumulated in the brain of Tau mice lacking PS. Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy revealed aggregated and oligomeric β-sheet structures in amyloid plaque-free PS-deficient Tau mice. Hippocampal-dependent memory deficits are associated with synaptic tau accumulation and reduction of pre- and post-synaptic proteins in Tau mice. Thus, partial loss of PS/γ-secretase in neurons results in temporal- and spatial-dependent tau aggregation associated with memory deficits and neurodegeneration. Our findings show that tau phosphorylation and aggregation are key pathological processes that may underlie neurodegeneration caused by familial AD-linked PSEN mutations.
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32
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Quintana DD, Anantula Y, Garcia JA, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Sarkar SN, Corbin DR, Brown CM, Simpkins JW. Microvascular degeneration occurs before plaque onset and progresses with age in 3xTg AD mice. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:115-128. [PMID: 34062487 PMCID: PMC9703920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and vascular disease positively correlate with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there is ostensible involvement of dysfunctional cerebrovasculature in AD pathophysiology, the characterization of the specific changes and development of vascular injury during AD remains unclear. In the present study, we established a time-course for the structural changes and degeneration of the angioarchitecture in AD. We used cerebrovascular corrosion cast and µCT imaging to evaluate the geometry, topology, and complexity of the angioarchitecture in the brain of wild type and 3xTg AD mice. We hypothesized that changes to the microvasculature occur early during the disease, and these early identifiable aberrations would be more prominent in the brain subregions implicated in the cognitive decline of AD. Whole-brain analysis of the angioarchitecture indicated early morphological abnormalities and degeneration of microvascular networks in 3xTg AD mice. Our analysis of the hippocampus and cortical subregions revealed microvascular degeneration with onset and progression that was subregion dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Yamini Anantula
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jorge A Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Saumyendra N Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Deborah R Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
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Exposure to footshock stress downregulates antioxidant genes and increases neuronal apoptosis in an Aβ(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105170. [PMID: 34419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that develops from exposure to trauma, mostly when normal psychological mechanisms fail. Studies have shown that people who have PTSD are susceptible to developing dementia, mostly Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting common underlying risk factors in the comorbidity. However, data elucidating links between these conditions is scarce. Here we show that footshock stress exacerbates AD-like pathology. To induce a trauma-like condition, the rats were exposed to multiple intense footshocks followed by a single reminder. This was followed by bilateral intrahippocampal lesions with amyloid-beta (Aβ) (1-42), to model AD-like pathology. We found that footshocks increased anxiety behavior and impaired fear memory extinction in Aβ(1-42) lesioned rats. We also found a reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and an increased expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the amygdala and hippocampus. Furthermore, oxidative stress level was sustained, which was associated with increased apoptosis in the amygdala and hippocampus. Our finding suggests that AD-like pathology can induce oxidative changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, which can be exaggerated by footshock stress.
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Cañete T, Giménez-Llort L. Preserved Thermal Pain in 3xTg-AD Mice With Increased Sensory-Discriminative Pain Sensitivity in Females but Affective-Emotional Dimension in Males as Early Sex-Specific AD-Phenotype Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:683412. [PMID: 34354580 PMCID: PMC8329418 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.683412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of the aging population, where quite chronic comorbid conditions are associated with pain, draws growing interest across its investigation and the underlying nociceptive mechanisms. Burn injuries associated problems might be of relevance in the older adult’s daily life, but in people with dementia, exposure to high temperatures and heat sources poses a significantly increased risk of burns. In this brief report, the hind paws and tail pain withdrawal reflexes and the emotional responses to thermal nociception in 3xTg-AD mice were characterized for the first time in the plantar test and compared to their non-transgenic (NTg) counterparts. We studied a cohort of male and female 3xTg-AD mice at asymptomatic (2 months), early (6 months), middle (9 months), and advanced (12 and 15 months) stages of the disease and as compared to sex- and age-matched NTg control mice with normal aging. At 20 and 40W intensities, the sensorial-discriminative thresholds eliciting the withdrawal responses were preserved from asymptomatic to advanced stages of the disease compared to NTg counterparts. Moreover, 3xTg-AD females consistently showed a greater sensory-discriminative sensitivity already at premorbid ages, whereas increased emotionality was shown in males. False-negative results were found in “blind to sex and age” analysis, warning about the need to study sexes independently. The current results and previous report in cold thermal stimulation provide two paradigms unveiling sex-specific early AD-phenotype nociceptive biomarkers to study the mechanistic underpinnings of sex-, age- and AD-disease-dependent thermal pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu Q, Xi Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Li P, Meng X, Liu K, Chen W, Liu X, Liu Z. Mannan oligosaccharide attenuates cognitive and behavioral disorders in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model via regulating the gut microbiota-brain axis. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:330-343. [PMID: 33839232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms. The gut microbiota-brain axis plays a pivotal role during AD development, which could target nutritional intervention. The prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to reshape the gut microbiome and enhanced the formation of the neuroprotective metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Here, we found that an 8-week treatment of MOS (0.12%, w/v in the drinking water) significantly improved cognitive function and spatial memory, accompanied by attenuated the anxiety- and obsessive-like behaviors in the 5xFAD transgenic AD mice model. MOS substantially reduced the Aβ accumulation in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of the brain. Importantly, MOS treatment significantly balanced the brain redox status and suppressed the neuroinflammatory responses. Moreover, MOS also alleviated the HPA-axis disorders by decreasing the levels of hormones corticosterone (CORT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and upregulated the norepinephrine (NE) expressions. Notably, the gut barrier integrity damage and the LPS leak were prevented by the MOS treatment. MOS re-constructed the gut microbiota composition, including increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and reducing the relative abundance of Helicobacter. MOS enhanced the butyrate formation and related microbes levels. The correlation analysis indicated that the reshaped gut microbiome and enhanced butyrate formation are highly associated with behavioral alteration and brain oxidative status. SCFAs supplementation experiment also attenuated the behavioral disorders and Aβ accumulation in the AD mice brain, accompanied by balanced HPA-axis and redox status. In conclusion, the present study indicated that MOS significantly attenuates the cognitive and mental deficits in the 5xFAD mice, which could be partly explained by the reshaped microbiome and enhanced SCFAs formation in the gut. MOS, as a prebiotics, can be translated into a novel microbiota-targeted approach for managing metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianxu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiran Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Camargo LC, Schöneck M, Sangarapillai N, Honold D, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Willbold D, Kutzsche J, Schemmert S, Willuweit A. PEAβ Triggers Cognitive Decline and Amyloid Burden in a Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137062. [PMID: 34209113 PMCID: PMC8267711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has improved substantially based on studies of mouse models mimicking at least one aspect of the disease. Many transgenic lines have been established, leading to amyloidosis but lacking neurodegeneration. The aim of the current study was to generate a novel mouse model that develops neuritic plaques containing the aggressive pyroglutamate modified amyloid-β (pEAβ) species in the brain. The TAPS line was developed by intercrossing of the pEAβ-producing TBA2.1 mice with the plaque-developing line APPswe/PS1ΔE9. The phenotype of the new mouse line was characterized using immunostaining, and different cognitive and general behavioral tests. In comparison to the parental lines, TAPS animals developed an earlier onset of pathology and increased plaque load, including striatal pEAβ-positive neuritic plaques, and enhanced neuroinflammation. In addition to abnormalities in general behavior, locomotion, and exploratory behavior, TAPS mice displayed cognitive deficits in a variety of tests that were most pronounced in the fear conditioning paradigm and in spatial learning in comparison to the parental lines. In conclusion, the combination of a pEAβ- and a plaque-developing mouse model led to an accelerated amyloid pathology and cognitive decline in TAPS mice, qualifying this line as a novel amyloidosis model for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Camargo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schöneck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Nivethini Sangarapillai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Dominik Honold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- JARA-Brain-Translational Medicine, JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (L.C.C.); (D.H.); (D.W.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (M.S.); (N.S.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2461-6196358
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Genotype Load Modulates Amyloid Burden and Anxiety-Like Patterns in Male 3xTg-AD Survivors despite Similar Neuro-Immunoendocrine, Synaptic and Cognitive Impairments. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070715. [PMID: 34201608 PMCID: PMC8301351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide heterogeneity and complexity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ clinical profiles and increased mortality highlight the relevance of personalized-based interventions and the need for end-of-life/survival predictors. At the translational level, studying genetic and age interactions in a context of different levels of expression of AD-genetic-load can help to understand this heterogeneity better. In the present report, a singular cohort of long-lived (19-month-old survivors) heterozygous and homozygous male 3xTg-AD mice were studied to determine whether their AD-genotype load can modulate the brain and peripheral pathological burden, behavioral phenotypes, and neuro-immunoendocrine status, compared to age-matched non-transgenic controls. The results indicated increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels in a genetic-load-dependent manner but convergent synaptophysin and choline acetyltransferase brain levels. Cognitive impairment and HPA-axis hyperactivation were salient traits in both 3xTg-AD survivor groups. In contrast, genetic load elicited different anxiety-like profiles, with hypoactive homozygous, while heterozygous resembled controls in some traits and risk assessment. Complex neuro-immunoendocrine crosstalk was also observed. Bodyweight loss and splenic, renal, and hepatic histopathological injury scores provided evidence of the systemic features of AD, despite similar peripheral organs’ oxidative stress. The present study provides an interesting translational scenario to study further genetic-load and age-dependent vulnerability/compensatory mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Giménez-Llort L, Marin-Pardo D, Marazuela P, Hernández-Guillamón M. Survival Bias and Crosstalk between Chronological and Behavioral Age: Age- and Genotype-Sensitivity Tests Define Behavioral Signatures in Middle-Aged, Old, and Long-Lived Mice with Normal and AD-Associated Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060636. [PMID: 34199476 PMCID: PMC8228433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidence refers to a high degree of heterogeneity in normal but also Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical and temporal patterns, increased mortality, and the need to find specific end-of-life prognosticators. This heterogeneity is scarcely explored in very old male AD mice models due to their reduced survival. In the present work, using 915 (432 APP23 and 483 C57BL/6 littermates) mice, we confirmed the better survival curves in male than female APP23 mice and respective wildtypes, providing the chance to characterize behavioral signatures in middle-aged, old, and long-lived male animals. The sensitivity of a battery of seven paradigms for comprehensive screening of motor (activity and gait analysis), neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms was analyzed using a cohort of 56 animals, composed of 12-, 18- and 24-month-old male APP23 mice and wildtype littermates. Most variables analyzed detected age-related differences. However, variables related to coping with stress, thigmotaxis, frailty, gait, and poor cognition better discriminated the behavioral phenotype of male APP23 mice through the three old ages compared with controls. Most importantly, non-linear age- and genotype-dependent behavioral signatures were found in long-lived animals, suggesting crosstalk between chronological and biological/behavioral ages useful to study underlying mechanisms and distinct compensations through physiological and AD-associated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-581-23-78
| | - Daniela Marin-Pardo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), E-08035 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (M.H.-G.)
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Murayama MA, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Ikeda Y, Okada Y, Hirotsu C, Takada E, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Female dominance of both spatial cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Anim 2021; 70:398-405. [PMID: 33840703 PMCID: PMC8390308 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting memory function in elderly persons. Indeed, AD exhibits abnormality in cognitive
behaviors and higher susceptibility to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Various factors including aging, sex difference and NPS severity, are implicated during
in development of AD. In this study, we evaluated behavioral abnormalities of AD model, PDAPP transgenic mice at young age using the Morris Water Maze test,
which was established to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. We found that female AD model mice exhibited spatial learning dysfunction and highly
susceptible to NPS such as anxiety and depression, whereas spatial reference memory function was comparable in female PDAPP Tg mice to female wild type (WT)
mice. Spatial learning function was comparable in male AD model mice to male WT mice. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial learning dysfunction was
associated with NPS severity such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the analysis showed that spatial reference memory function was associated with status
of depression, but not anxiety. Thus, these results suggest female dominance of spatial learning dysfunction in the AD model mice accompanying increased NPS
severity. The understandings of AD model may be useful for the development of therapeutic agents and methods in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.,Present address: Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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Murayama MA, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Okada Y, Hirotsu C, Takada E, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Dementia model mice exhibited improvements of neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction with neural cell transplantation. Exp Anim 2021; 70:387-397. [PMID: 33828024 PMCID: PMC8390309 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients with dementia suffer from cognitive dysfunctions and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as anxiety and depression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
is a form of age-related dementia, and loss of cholinergic neurons is intimately associated with development of AD symptoms. We and others have reported that
neural cell transplantation ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice. It remains largely unclear whether neural cell transplantation ameliorates the
NPS of AD. It would be interesting to determine whether NPS correlates with cognitive dysfunctions before and after neural cell transplantation in AD model
mice. Based on the revalidation of our previous data from a Morris water maze test, we found that neural cell transplantation improved anxiety and depression
significantly and marginally affected locomotion activity in AD mice. A correlation analysis revealed that the spatial learning function of AD mice was
correlated with their NPS scores both before and after cell transplantation in a similar manner. In contrast, in the mice subjected to cell transplantation,
spatial reference memory function was not correlated with NPS scores. These results suggested the neural cell transplantation in the AD model mice significantly
improved NPS to the same degree as cognitive dysfunctions, possibly via distinct mechanisms, such as the cholinergic and GABAergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.,Present address: Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Giménez-Llort L. Translational Modeling of Psychomotor Function in Normal and AD-Pathological Aging With Special Concerns on the Effects of Social Isolation. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:648567. [PMID: 35822009 PMCID: PMC9261363 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.648567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, its secondary impacts can be globally observed. Some of them result from physical distancing and severe social contact restrictions by policies still imposed to stop the fast spread of new variants of this infectious disease. People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias can also be significantly affected by the reduction of their activity programs, the loss of partners, and social isolation. Searching for the closest translational scenario, the increased mortality rates in male 3xTg-AD mice modeling advanced stages of the disease can provide a scenario of “naturalistic isolation.” Our most recent work has shown its impact worsening AD-cognitive and emotional profiles, AD-brain asymmetry, and eliciting hyperactivity and bizarre behaviors. Here, we further investigated the psychomotor function through six different psychomotor analysis in a set of 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and their non-transgenic counterparts with normal aging. The subgroup of male 3xTg-AD mice that lost their partners lived alone for the last 2–3 months after 10 months of social life. AD's functional limitations were shown as increased physical frailty phenotype, poor or deficient psychomotor performance, including bizarre behavior, in variables involving information processing and decision-making (exploratory activity and spontaneous gait), that worsened with isolation. Paradoxical muscular strength and better motor performance (endurance and learning) was shown in variables related to physical work and found enhanced by isolation, in agreement with the hyperactivity and the appearance of bizarre behaviors previously reported. Despite the isolation, a delayed appearance of motor deficits related to physical resistance and tolerance to exercise was found in the 3xTg-AD mice, probably because of the interplay of hyperactivity and mortality/survivor bias. The translation of these results to the clinical setting offers a guide to generate flexible and personalized rehabilitation strategies adaptable to the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lydia Giménez-Llort
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Pairojana T, Phasuk S, Suresh P, Huang SP, Pakaprot N, Chompoopong S, Hsieh TC, Liu IY. Age and gender differences for the behavioral phenotypes of 3xTg alzheimer's disease mice. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147437. [PMID: 33753066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD) strain is a common mouse model used for studying the pathology and mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 3xTg-AD strain exhibits two hallmarks of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles. Several studies using different gender and age of 3xTg-AD mice to investigate their behavior phenotypes under the influence of various treatments have reported mixed results. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation on the optimal gender, age, and training paradigms used for behavioral studies of 3xTg-AD is necessary. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral phenotypes for the two genders of 3xTg-AD mice at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months old and compared the results with age-, gender-matched C57BL/6N control strain. All mice were subjected to tail flick, pinprick, open field, elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and trace fear conditioning (TFC) tests to evaluate their sensory, locomotor, anxiety, and learning/memory functions. The results showed that TFC on male 3xTg-AD mice is optimal for studying the memory performance in AD. The sensory and locomotor functions of 3xTg-AD mice for two genders appear to be normal before 6 months, decline in fear memory afterwards. The differences between control and 3xTg-AD male mice in contextual and cued memory are robust, thus they are ideal for evaluating the effect of a treatment. Since it is costly and time consuming to obtain wildtype littermates as controls, C57BL/6N strain is suggested to be used as control mice because their baseline performance of sensorimotor functions are similar to that of 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanita Pairojana
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sarayut Phasuk
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pavithra Suresh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ingrid Y Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Sex-Dependent End-of-Life Mental and Vascular Scenarios for Compensatory Mechanisms in Mice with Normal and AD-Neurodegenerative Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020111. [PMID: 33498895 PMCID: PMC7911097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy decreases with aging, with cardiovascular, mental health, and neurodegenerative disorders strongly contributing to the total disability-adjusted life years. Interestingly, the morbidity/mortality paradox points to females having a worse healthy life expectancy. Since bidirectional interactions between cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) have been reported, the study of this emerging field is promising. In the present work, we further explored the cardiovascular–brain interactions in mice survivors of two cohorts of non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice, including both sexes, to investigate the frailty/survival through their life span. Survival, monitored from birth, showed exceptionally worse mortality rates in females than males, independently of the genotype. This mortality selection provided a “survivors” cohort that could unveil brain–cardiovascular interaction mechanisms relevant for normal and neurodegenerative aging processes restricted to long-lived animals. The results show sex-dependent distinct physical (worse in 3xTg-AD males), neuropsychiatric-like and cognitive phenotypes (worse in 3xTg-AD females), and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation (higher in females), with higher cerebral blood flow and improved cardiovascular phenotype in 3xTg-AD female mice survivors. The present study provides an experimental scenario to study the suggested potential compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms in end-of-life dementia, which is sex-dependent and can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
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Habif M, Do Carmo S, Báez MV, Colettis NC, Cercato MC, Salas DA, Acutain MF, Sister CL, Berkowicz VL, Canal MP, González Garello T, Cuello AC, Jerusalinsky DA. Early Long-Term Memory Impairment and Changes in the Expression of Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Genes, in the McGill-R-Thy1-APP Rat Model of Alzheimer's-Like Brain Amyloidosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:585873. [PMID: 33551786 PMCID: PMC7862771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.585873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accruing evidence supports the hypothesis that memory deficits in early Alzheimer Disease (AD) might be due to synaptic failure caused by accumulation of intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers, then secreted to the extracellular media. Transgenic mouse AD models provide valuable information on AD pathology. However, the failure to translate these findings to humans calls for models that better recapitulate the human pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat expresses the human amyloid precursor protein (APP751) with the Swedish and Indiana mutations (of familial AD), leading to an AD-like slow-progressing brain amyloid pathology. Therefore, it offers a unique opportunity to investigate learning and memory abilities at early stages of AD, when Aβ accumulation is restricted to the intracellular compartment, prior to plaque deposition. Our goal was to further investigate early deficits in memory, particularly long-term memory in McGill-R-Thy1-APP heterozygous (Tg+/–) rats. Short-term- and long-term habituation to an open field were preserved in 3-, 4-, and 6-month-old (Tg+/–). However, long-term memory of inhibitory avoidance to a foot-shock, novel object-recognition and social approaching behavior were seriously impaired in 4-month-old (Tg+/–) male rats, suggesting that they are unable to either consolidate and/or evoke such associative and discriminative memories with aversive, emotional and spatial components. The long-term memory deficits were accompanied by increased transcript levels of genes relevant to synaptic plasticity, learning and memory processing in the hippocampus, such as Grin2b, Dlg4, Camk2b, and Syn1. Our findings indicate that in addition to the previously well-documented deficits in learning and memory, McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats display particular long-term-memory deficits and deep social behavior alterations at pre-plaque early stages of the pathology. This highlights the importance of Aβ oligomers and emphasizes the validity of the model to study AD-like early processes, with potentially predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Habif
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - María Verónica Báez
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Claudia Colettis
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Cecilia Cercato
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Alejandra Salas
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Acutain
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caterina Laura Sister
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Laura Berkowicz
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Canal
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás González Garello
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diana Alicia Jerusalinsky
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurotoxins (LaN&N), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia (IBCN) "Prof. Eduardo De Robertis" (Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Differential effects of chronic immunosuppression on behavioral, epigenetic, and Alzheimer's disease-associated markers in 3xTg-AD mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:30. [PMID: 33472690 PMCID: PMC7818784 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating autoantibodies and sex-dependent discrepancy in prevalence are unexplained phenomena of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using the 3xTg-AD mouse model, we reported that adult males show early manifestations of systemic autoimmunity, increased emotional reactivity, enhanced expression of the histone variant macroH2A1 in the cerebral cortex, and loss of plaque/tangle pathology. Conversely, adult females display less severe autoimmunity and retain their AD-like phenotype. This study examines the link between immunity and other traits of the current 3xTg-AD model. METHODS Young 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice drank a sucrose-laced 0.4 mg/ml solution of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide on weekends for 5 months. After behavioral phenotyping at 2 and 6 months of age, we assessed organ mass, serologic markers of autoimmunity, molecular markers of early AD pathology, and expression of genes associated with neurodegeneration. RESULTS Chronic immunosuppression prevented hematocrit drop and reduced soluble Aβ in 3xTg-AD males while normalizing the expression of histone variant macroH2A1 in 3xTg-AD females. This treatment also reduced hepatosplenomegaly, lowered autoantibody levels, and increased the effector T cell population while decreasing the proportion of regulatory T cells in both sexes. Exposure to cyclophosphamide, however, neither prevented reduced brain mass and BDNF expression nor normalized increased tau and anxiety-related behaviors. CONCLUSION The results suggest that systemic autoimmunity increases soluble Aβ production and affects transcriptional regulation of macroH2A1 in a sex-related manner. Despite the complexity of multisystem interactions, 3xTg-AD mice can be a useful in vivo model for exploring the regulatory role of autoimmunity in the etiology of AD-like neurodegenerative disorders.
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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Esquerda-Canals G, Roda AR, Martí-Clúa J, Montoliu-Gaya L, Rivera-Hernández G, Villegas S. Treatment with scFv-h3D6 Prevented Neuronal Loss and Improved Spatial Memory in Young 3xTg-AD Mice by Reducing the Intracellular Amyloid-β Burden. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:1069-1091. [PMID: 31306135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides has been described in the brains of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models. A correlation between the intracellular amyloid burden and neurodegeneration has recently been reported in a triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) murine model. In the present study, we assessed the effect of scFv-h3D6, an anti-Aβ single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the antibody bapineuzumab, on amyloid pathology in 5-month-old 3xTg-AD female mice, focusing on intracellular Aβ clearance, neuronal survival, and functional abilities. We also examined neuroinflammation and the histology of peripheral organ samples to detect any adverse effects. A single intraperitoneal injection of scFv-h3D6 dramatically reduced intracellular Aβ burden in the deep layers of the cerebral cortex, pyramidal cells layer of the hippocampus, and basolateral amygdalar nucleus. The treatment prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus and amygdala, while neither astrogliosis nor microgliosis was induced. Instead, an increase in the size of the white pulp after the treatment indicated that the spleen could be involved in the clearance mechanism. Although the treatment did not ameliorate behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia-like symptoms, the results of cognitive testing pointed to a noticeable improvement in spatial memory. These findings indicated that the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of scFv-h3D6 was the clearance of intracellular Aβ, with subsequent prevention of neuronal loss and amelioration of cognitive disabilities. The treatment was safe in terms of neuroinflammation and kidney and liver function, whereas some effects on the spleen were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Esquerda-Canals
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Unitat de Citologia i d'Histologia, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro R Roda
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Martí-Clúa
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Unitat de Citologia i d'Histologia, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Current address: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geovanny Rivera-Hernández
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Villegas
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Xu F, Ono M, Ito T, Uchiumi O, Wang F, Zhang Y, Sun P, Zhang Q, Yamaki S, Yamamoto R, Kato N. Remodeling of projections from ventral hippocampus to prefrontal cortex in Alzheimer's mice. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1486-1498. [PMID: 32930407 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation often accompanies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hippocampus, most notably damaged by AD pathology, is classified into the cognition-bound posterior and emotion-bound anterior hippocampi. Since the anterior hippocampus or its rodent counterpart, the ventral hippocampus (VH), sends dense afferents to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the two structures implicated in fear responses, we investigated whether these afferents are modified in 3xTg AD model mice. An anterograde dextrin tracer injected into VH revealed that axons in PFC were more ramified in 3xTg than wild-type (WT) mice, with the synaptic density reduced. The VH projections to BLA were not affected. Intracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) or Aβ-like immunoreactivity was found in PFC and BLA neurons alike. Behaviorally, in the 2-way active avoidance test, the frequency of chamber change was higher, with the test performance better, in 3xTg than WT mice, suggesting a distorted contextual fear in the 3xTg group. Given the essential involvement of parts of PFC in contextual fear responses and that of BLA in fear responses in general, the observed remodeling of VH-to-PFC afferents and the accumulation of intracellular Aβ in BLA and PFC pyramidal cells might exercise critical influences on enhanced avoidance behavior in 3xTg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Munenori Ono
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Osamu Uchiumi
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Medical College, Qinghai University, Xinin, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sachiko Yamaki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0923, Japan
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Sarlus H, Codita A, Wang X, Cedazo-Minguez A, Schultzberg M, Oprica M. Chronic Airway Allergy Induces Pro-Inflammatory Responses in the Brain of Wildtype Mice but Not 3xTgAD Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 448:14-27. [PMID: 32916195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of systemic inflammation on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not clarified, both beneficial and deleterious effects being reported. Allergy is accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response and some epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between a history of allergy/asthma and dementia. To investigate whether chronic airway allergy influences the inflammatory status in the brain, AD-like pathology, and behaviour in relation to AD, we induced chronic airway allergy in triple transgenic AD (3xTgAD) and wildtype (WT) mice by repeated exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) as allergen. Behavioural tests relevant for hippocampus-dependent behaviour were performed. We found that allergy significantly increased the brain levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgE. In 3xTgAD mice, allergy increased the levels of decay accelerating factor and decreased the phosphorylation of p38. In contrast, allergy increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and complement component 1q (C1q) in WT mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis confirmed eosinophilia in both genotypes, but the basal levels of eosinophils were lower in 3xTgAD mice. In summary, allergy induced predominantly anti-inflammatory effects in 3xTgAD mice, and pro-inflammatory effects in WT mice, thus being another potential factor to be considered when studying AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heela Sarlus
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, SE-171 76 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Alina Codita
- Södertälje Hospital, Geriatric Clinic, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neuroceriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neuroceriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Mircea Oprica
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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50
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El Saftawy EA, Amin NM, Sabry RM, El-Anwar N, Shash RY, Elsebaie EH, Wassef RM. Can Toxoplasma gondii Pave the Road for Dementia? J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:8859857. [PMID: 32802484 PMCID: PMC7414348 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is an ominous neurological disease. Scientists proposed a link between its occurrence and the presence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The long-term sequels of anti-Toxoplasma premunition, chiefly dominated by TNF-α, on the neurons and their receptors as the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is tangled in cognition and synaptic plasticity, are still not clear. IGF-1R mediates its action via IGF-1, and its depletion is incorporated in the pathogenesis of dementia. The activated TNF-α signaling pathway induces NF-κβ that may induce or inhibit neurogenesis. This study speculates the potential impact of anti-Toxoplasma immune response on the expression of IGF-1R in chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis. The distributive pattern of T. gondii cysts was studied in association with TNF-α serum levels, the in situ expression of NF-κβ, and IGF-1R in mice using the low virulent ME-49 T. gondii strain. There was an elevation of the TNF-α serum level (p value ≤ 0.004) and significant upsurge in NF-κβ whereas IGF-1R was of low abundance (p value < 0.05) compared to the controls. TNF-α had a strong positive correlation with the intracerebral expression of NF-κβ (r value ≈ 0.943, p value ≈ 0.005) and a strong negative correlation to IGF-1R (r value -0.584 and -0.725 for area% and O.D., respectively). This activated TNF-α/NF-κβ keeps T. gondii under control at the expense of IGF-1R expression, depriving neurons of the effect of IGF-1, the receptor's ligand. We therefore deduce that T. gondii immunopathological reaction may be a road paver for developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A. El Saftawy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Amin
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Sabry
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Anwar
- Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Rania Y. Shash
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Elsebaie
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rita M. Wassef
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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